Hanna Instruments HI 93114 User Manual

Instruction Manual

HI 93114

Turbidity & Chlorine

Measurements

www.hannainst.com

Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a HANNA instruments

product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully

before using the instrument.
This manual will provide you with the necessary

information for the correct use of the instrument,
as well as a precise idea of its versatility.

For any additional technical information, do not
hesitate to e-mail us at [e-mail].

This instrument is in compliance with the
directives.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Examination ............................. 3

General Description.................................... 4

Principle of Operation ................................. 6

Functional Description ................................ 9

Specifications ........................................... 12

Operational Guide ..................................... 13

Calibration................................................. 19

Diagnostic mode ....................................... 27

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

®

Remove the instrument from the packing ma­terial and examine it to make sure that no
damage has occurred during shipping.
If there is any damage, immediately notify
your dealer.

HI 93114 is supplied complete with:

• Glass cuvet with cap

• Batteries (4 x 1.5V AA)

• Instruction manual

An optional starter kit HI 731327 is also avail­able, complete with:

• 2 glass cuvets with caps

• Calibration standards HI 93102-0 (AMCO-

AEPA-1 @0 NTU* solution, 30 mL bottle)
and HI 93102-20 (AMCO-AEPA-1 @20
NTU* solution, 30 mL bottle)

• HI 93703-50 cuvet cleaning solution

• Tissue for wiping cuvets

• Rugged carrying case

Note: Save all packing material until you are

sure that the instrument functions cor­rectly. Any defective item must be re­turned in its original packaging with
the supplied accessories.

Logging ..................................................... 28

User-selectable Shutdown......................... 30

Battery Replacement ................................ 31

Diagnostic Codes...................................... 32

Accessories.............................................. 33

Warranty ................................................... 34

CE Declaration of Conformity .................... 35

2

* 1 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit) = 1 FTU

(Formazine Turbidity Unit)

3

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

With the hand held HI 93114, three important
parameters in water quality analysis are at your
fingertips. Free and total chlorine measure­ments and US EPA compliant turbidity mea­surements are performed quickly and reliably
with this lab-grade microprocessor-based field
instrument.

HI 93114 is particularly useful for potable water
measurements and municipalities.

With HI 93114 measurements can be per­formed using either concentration or relative
absorbance of the sample depending on the
requirements of the application.

HI 93114 can be calibrated using the factory
preprogrammed calibration points or can be
custom calibrated when in colorimetric mode.

This rugged instrument has been engineered to
offer all the sophistication and reliability of
benchtop laboratory instrumentation in the size
of a handheld meter.

HI 93114 complies with GLP standards (Good
Laboratory Practice), that is:

• When switched on, the LCD displays all
segments (display check)

• Battery status is monitored during every
measurement cycle warning the user if the
batteries become weak. In addition, the
meter will turn itself off before low voltage
causes erroneous readings

• It utilizes a real time clock and recalls
calibration data such as date, time and
calibration values

The large dual-level display can show the
measured parameter on the main part, while
the lower level indicates current mode (e.g.
“F CL” for free chlorine or “TR” for turbidity).
Additional symbols show low battery condi­tion, logging mode, date, time, etc.

A pure green LED is utilized as light source
for both turbidimetric and colorimetric mea­surements. A silicon photocell receives the
transmitted light from colorimetric channel,
while another photocell detects the scattered
light from the turbidimetric (nephelometric)
channel.

In order to measure chlorine parameters, it is
necessary to do the zero with the blank
sample, and then add 1 packet of reagent.
After placing the cuvet back in the meter and
pressing READ, the measurement is shown
directly on the LCD.

The instrument also features an automatic
shut-off with user-selectable delay at 10, 20,
30, 40, 50 or 60 minutes.

To facilitate field tests, the meter provides a
logging mode for storing up to 25 measure­ments along with time and date information
for retrieval at a later date.

4

5

LED

CUVET MICROPROCESSOR

LIGHT

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

Turbidity Mode

HI 93114 has been designed to perform mea­surements according to the USEPA’s 180.1
method and the Standard Method 2130B.

The instrument functions by passing a beam
of light through a vial containing the sample
being measured.

The light source is a Pure Green LED to
ensure that any interference caused by a
colored samples is minimized.

A sensor, positioned at 90° with respect to
the direction of light, detects the amount of
light scattered by the undissolved particles
present in the sample. The microprocessor
converts such readings into NTU* values.

Colorimetric Mode

The color of every object we see is deter­mined by a process of absorption and emis­sion of the electromagnetic radiation (light) of
its molecules.

Colorimetric analysis is based on the principle
that specific compounds react with others to
form a color, the intensity of which is
proportional to the concentration of the
substance being measured.

EMITTED LIGHT

Block diagram of an ion specific measurement

DETECTOR

When a substance is exposed to a beam of
light intensity Io, a portion of the radiation is
absorbed by the substance's molecules and
a radiation of intensity I, lower than Io, is
emitted.

The quantity of radiation absorbed is given by
the Lambert-Beer Law:

log Io/I = ελ c d

NTU units are equal to FTU units. However,
there are other known measurement units for
turbidity, namely the Jackson Turbidity Unit
(JTU) based on the old method of Jackson's
candle, and Silica Unit (mg / L of SiO2). The
conversion table between these measurement
units is shown below:

JTU NTU/FTU SiO2 (mg/L)

JTU 1 19 2.5

NTU/FTU 0.053 1 0.13

SiO2 (mg/L) 0.4 7.5 1

* 1 NTU = 1 FTU

6

Where log Io/I = Absorbance (A)

ε

= molar extinction coefficient of the

λ

substance at wavelength λ

c = molar concentration of the

substance

d = optical distance light travels

through the sample

Since other factors are known, the concen­tration "c" can be calculated from the color
intensity of the substance determined by the
emitted radiation I.

An LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits radiation
at a relatively narrow spectrum, supplying the
system with the intensity Io.

7

A substance absorbs a color complimentary
to the color it emits. For example, a
substance appears yellow because it absorbs
blue light. As a result, the Hanna meters use
LED’s with specific wavelengths to measure
samples.

The optical distance (d) is measured by the
internal diameter of the cuvet containing the
sample.

The photoelectric cell collects the radiation I
that is not absorbed by the sample and
converts it into an electric current.

The microprocessor converts the value into
the desired measuring unit and displays it on
the LCD.

The measurement process is done in two
phases: setting the meter to zero and actual
measurement.

The cuvet is an optical element and hence
has an important role in the measurement
process. Both the measurement and the
calibration cuvets must be optically identical
to provide the same measurement conditions.

It is also important that the surface of the
cuvet is clean and free from scratches or
dents, in order to avoid measurement
interference due to unwanted reflection and
absorption of light.

It is recommended that wherever possible the
cuvet walls are not touched by the operator.

Furthermore, in order to maintain the same
conditions during the zeroing and the
measuring phases, it is necessary to close
the cuvets to prevent any contamination.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

1) Primary LCD:
When the meter is switched on, the LCD

shows all segments for a few seconds.
It then displays four dashes to indicate

“ready to measure”.
In “Read” and “Zero” mode, “SIP” is shown

to indicate “Sample In Progress”.
The upper level also indicates the concen-

tration or turbidity value of the sample, as
well as different diagnostic modes, such
as “-BA-” for low battery.

8

9

2) Secondary LCD:
The three-digit lower level shows the cur-

rent measurement mode (“F CL”, “tCL”, or
“tr”), and diagnostic or calibration modes,
such as “d11”, “2 Fn”, “5 c1”.

3) DATE: Indicates that the main LCD

is showing the current date,
the date of last calibration or
the date of logged measure­ment in memory.

4) TIME: Indicates that the main LCD

is showing the current time,
the time of last calibration or
the time of logged measure­ment in memory.

5) LOBAT: Blinks to warn the user of low

battery voltage.

6) LOG: Blinks to indicate that the

meter is in the scroll mode
viewing the logged data.

If fixed, it indicates that the
meter is in the log mode and
every reading will be stored
in memory.

7) ON/OFF key:Turns the meter on and off.

8) ZERO/ key: In ion specific mode, it ze-

ros the sample.
In calibration and diagnostic

modes, it works as ENTER.
In turbidity mode, it is not

used.

9) READ/ key: Takes concentration/tur-

bidity measurement of the
sample.

In diagnostic or calibration
mode, shifts the flashing digit
to the right.

10

10) CAL key: If pressed during calibration,
the calibration procedure will
be aborted and the last cali­bration data will be retrieved.

If pressed together with the
ALT key for less then 3 sec­onds, the diagnostic mode will
be entered.

If pressed together with the
ALT key again, the meter will
quit diagnostic mode.

If pressed for more then 3
seconds, a blinking “CAL” will
appear and the calibration
procedure is entered.

11) GLP/Abs key: In ion specific mode, it will
toggle concentration/absor­bance readings on main LCD.

In turbidity mode, GLP data
(date, time and the 2 calibra­tion values) will be shown.

If pressed in time/date setup
mode, the meter will quit cur­rent mode without making any
change.

12) key Scrolls upwards through the
parameters to be measured.

In calibration and diagnostic
modes, increments the blink­ing digit by one.

If pressed together with ALT
while the meter is in logging
mode, the upper LCD will
show the stored data (date,
time, value).

13) ALT key: Activates alternative functions.

14) key: Scrolls downwards through the
parameters to be measured.

11