GW-INSTEK GDM-9061 User guide

Dual Measurement Multimeter

GDM-9060/9061

USER MANUAL

REV. C

ISO-9001 CERTIFIED MANUFACTURER

This manual contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyrights. All rights are reserved. No part of this manual may be photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without prior written consent of Good Will company.

The information in this manual was correct at the time of printing. However, Good Will continues to improve products and reserves the right to change specifications, equipment, and maintenance procedures at any time without notice.

Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd.

No. 7-1, Jhongsing Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City 236, Taiwan (R.O.C.).

Table of Contents

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .................................................... 5

Safety Symbols .................................................................... 5

Safety Guidelines ................................................................. 6

GETTING STARTED .......................................................... 10

Characteristics ..................................................................... 11

Front Panel Overview .......................................................... 13

Rear Panel Overview ............................................................ 18

Status Bar ............................................................................ 21

Set Up.................................................................................. 24

BASIC MEASUREMENT .................................................... 26

Basic Measurement Overview ............................................. 27

AC/DC Voltage Measurement .............................................. 30

AC/DC Current Measurement ............................................. 37

2W/4W Resistance Measurement ........................................ 41

Continuity Test .................................................................... 44

Diode Measurement ............................................................ 47

Frequency/Period Measurement .......................................... 48

Capacitance Measurement .................................................. 53

Temperature Measurement ................................................. 56

DUAL MEASUREMENT .................................................... 66

Dual Measurement .............................................................. 67

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT ........................................... 77

Advanced Measurement Overview ...................................... 78

Relative Value Measurement ............................................... 79

Hold Measurement ............................................................. 81

Trigger Setting ..................................................................... 84

Filter Setting ........................................................................ 90

Math Measurement ............................................................. 93

DIGITAL I/O ................................................................... 117

Digital I/O Overview ........................................................... 118

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Application: Compare Mode ............................................... 120

Application: 4094 / User Mode ........................................... 127

Application: External Trigger ............................................... 135

SYSTEM & FIRMWARE ................................................... 137

View System Info ................................................................ 138

Firmware Update ................................................................ 139

MENU SETTING ............................................................. 141

Configure System ............................................................... 142

Configure Display ............................................................... 160

SCREENSHOT & LOG .................................................... 179

Capture ............................................................................... 180

Save Reading ...................................................................... 183

DISPLAY SETTING .......................................................... 187

Digit .................................................................................... 188

Display ................................................................................ 190

REMOTE CONTROL ....................................................... 209

Configure Interface ............................................................. 210

Web Control Interface ......................................................... 243

Command Syntax ................................................................ 248

Command Set ..................................................................... 251

Status system ..................................................................... 337

APPENDIX ...................................................................... 341

Fuse Replacement ............................................................... 342

Battery Replacement ........................................................... 346

Factory Default Parameters ................................................ 348

Specifications ..................................................................... 352

GDM-9061 Section ............................................................. 353

GDM-9060 Section ............................................................. 364

Declaration of Conformity .................................................. 376

INDEX ............................................................................ 377

4

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Warning: Identifies conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.

CAUTION

Caution: Identifies conditions or practices that could result in damage to the GDM-9060/9061 or to other property.

DANGER High Voltage

Attention Refer to the Manual

Protective Conductor Terminal

Earth (ground) Terminal

Do not dispose electronic equipment as unsorted municipal waste. Please use a separate collection facility or contact the supplier from which this instrument was purchased.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

This chapter contains important safety instructions that you must follow when operating the GDM-9060/9061 and when keeping it in storage. Read the following before any operation to insure your safety and to keep the GDM-9060/9061 in the best possible condition.

Safety Symbols

These safety symbols may appear in this manual or on the GDM-9060/9061.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

General Guideline

CAUTION

 Make sure that the voltage input level does not exceed

DC1000V/AC750V.

 Make sure the current input level does not exceed 10A.  Do not place any heavy object on the instrument.  Avoid severe impact or rough handling that can lead to

damaging the instrument.

 Do not discharge static electricity to the instrument.  Use only mating connectors, not bare wires, for the

terminals.

 Do not block or obstruct the cooling fan vent opening.  Do not perform measurement at the source of a

low-voltage installation or at building installations (Note below).

 Do not disassemble the instrument unless you are

qualified as service personnel.

 Make sure that the Sense LO terminal to Input LO is

limited to 2Vpk, the Sense HI to Sense LO terminals are limited to 200Vpk and the Input LO to earth is limited to 500Vpk.

(Note) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies the measurement categories and their requirements as follows. The GDM-9060/9061 falls under category II 300V.

 Measurement category IV is for measurement performed at the source

of low-voltage installation.

 Measurement category III is for measurement performed in the

building installation.

 Measurement category II is for measurement performed on the circuits

directly connected to the low voltage installation.

Power Supply

WARNING

 AC Input voltage: 100/120/220/240 V AC ±10%,

50Hz / 60Hz / 400Hz ±10%

 The power supply voltage should not fluctuate more

than 10%.

 Connect the protective grounding conductor of the

AC power cord to an earth ground, to avoid electrical shock.

Safety Guidelines

6

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

(GDM-9061 only)

 Due to the fact that the Front/Rear Input Switch on

the front panel is not proposed as an active multiplexer, do Not change the input switch when signals are present on either rear or front set of terminals. Intrument damage and risk of electric shock may occur if switching the input switch when high voltage or current is present.

Fuse

WARNING

 Fuse type: T0.25A 100/120 VAC

T0.125A 220/240 VAC

 Make sure the correct type of fuse is installed before

power up.

 To avoid risk of fire, replace the fuse only with the

specified type and rating.

 Disconnect the power cord before fuse replacement.  Make sure the cause of a fuse blowout is fixed before

fuse replacement.

Cleaning the Instrument

 Disconnect the power cord before cleaning.  Use a soft cloth dampened in a solution of mild

detergent and water. Do not spray any liquid into the GDM-9060/9061.

 Do not use chemicals or cleaners containing harsh

material such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and acetone.

Operation Environment

 Location: Indoor, no direct sunlight, dust free, almost

non-conductive pollution (Note below)

 Temperature: Full accuracy for 0°C to 55°C.  Humidity:

< 30°C: < 80%RH (non-condensing) 30°C~40°C: <70%RH (non-condensing) >40°C: <50%RH (non-condensing)

 Altitude: <2000m

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

(Note) EN 61010-1:2010 specifies the pollution degrees and their requirements as follows. The GDM-9060/9061 falls under degree 2. Pollution refers to “addition of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or gaseous (ionized gases), that may produce a reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity”.

 Pollution degree 1: No pollution or only dry, non-conductive pollution

occurs. The pollution has no influence.

 Pollution degree 2: Normally only non-conductive pollution occurs.

Occasionally, however, a temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be expected.

 Pollution degree 3: Conductive pollution occurs, or dry, non-conductive

pollution occurs which becomes conductive due to condensation which is expected. In such conditions, equipment is normally protected against exposure to direct sunlight, precipitation, and full wind pressure, but neither temperature nor humidity is controlled.

Storage Environment

 Location: Indoor  Temperature: −40°C to 70°C  Humidity: <90%RH(non-condensing)

Disposal

Do not dispose this instrument as unsorted municipal waste. Please use a separate collection facility or contact the supplier from which this instrument was purchased. Please make sure discarded electrical waste is properly recycled to reduce environmental impact.

8

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Green/ Yellow:

Earth

Blue:

Neutral

Brown:

Live (Phase)

Power cord for the United Kingdom

When using the GDM-9060/9061 in the United Kingdom, make sure the power cord meets the following safety instructions.

NOTE: This lead / appliance must only be wired by competent persons

WARNING: THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED

IMPORTANT: The wires in this lead are coloured in accordance with the following code:

As the colours of the wires in main leads may not correspond with the coloured marking identified in your plug/appliance, proceed as follows:

The wire which is coloured Green & Yellow must be connected to the Earth terminal marked with either the letter E, the earth symbol or coloured Green/Green & Yellow.

The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured Blue or Black.

The wire which is coloured Brown must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter L or P or coloured Brown or Red.

If in doubt, consult the instructions provided with the equipment or contact the supplier.

This cable/appliance should be protected by a suitably rated and approved HBC mains fuse: refer to the rating information on the equipment and/or user instructions for details. As a guide, a cable of 0.75mm2 should be protected by a 3A or 5A fuse. Larger conductors would normally require 13A types, depending on the connection method used.

Any exposed wiring from a cable, plug or connection that is engaged in a live socket is extremely hazardous. If a cable or plug is deemed hazardous, turn off the mains power and remove the cable, any fuses and fuse assemblies. All hazardous wiring must be immediately destroyed and replaced in accordance to the above standard.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

GETTING STARTED

This chapter describes the GDM-9060/9061 in a nutshell, including an Overview of its main features and front / rear panel introduction. After going through the Overview, follow the Power-up sequence to properly setup the GDM-9060/9061.

Please note the information in this manual was correct at the time of printing. However as GW Instek continues to improve its products, changes can occur at any time without notice. Please see the GW Instek website for the latest information and content.

Characteristics .................................................................... 11

Accessories ............................................................................... 12

Front Panel Overview .......................................................... 13

Measurement Keys (basic) ........................................................ 15

Measurement Keys (advanced) ................................................. 17

Rear Panel Overview ........................................................... 18

Status Bar ........................................................................... 21

Set Up ................................................................................. 24

Horizontal/Tilt/Vertical Applications ........................................ 24

Power Up .................................................................................. 25

10

GETTING STARTED

Performance

 The highest DCV accuracy:

GDM-9061: 35ppm GDM-9060: 75ppm

 The highest current:

GDM-9061: 10A GDM-9060: 3A

 The highest voltage: 1000V  The highest ACV frequency response: 300 kHz  The fastest sampling rate:

1k Readings/sec (GDM-9060) 10k Readings/sec (GDM-9061)

 Internal memory:

10k read memory (GDM-9060) 100k read memory (GDM-9061)

 Data Logging to USB

Features

 6

2

1

digits

 Multi functions: ACV, DCV, ACI, DCI, 2W/4W R, Hz,

Temp, Continuity, Diode, Period, Capacitance test, REL, dBm, Hold, MX+B, 1/X, REF%, dB, Compare and Statistics.

 Manual or Auto ranging  AC true RMS  Built-in DC Ratio function  Standard SCPI command set in emulation compatible

with Agilent 34401A

 Up to 3 temerature measurements: RTD, Thermistor

and Thermocouples (Cold-Junction Compensation)

 Graph Display: BarMeter, TrendChart, Histogram

Interface

 USB device/RS232/GPIB(optional)/LAN for remote

control

 9-pin Digital I/O port  USB device port supports USBCDC and USBTMC  USB Host

Software

 Excel Addins  DMM-VIEWER2

Characteristics

The GDM-9060/9061 is a portable, dual-display digital multimeter suitable for a wide range of applications, such as production testing, research, and field verification.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Standard Accessories

Part number

Description CD-ROM

UM, Software, Driver

82DM-90610M01

Safety Instruction Sheet

GTL-217

Test leads

GTL-246

USB Cable, USB 2.0, A-B type, 1200mm

Optional Accessories

Part number

Description 11DM-90610101

GDM-9060/9061 GPIB Card

GTL-234

RS-232 Cable , 2000mm

GTL-205A

Temperature Probe Adapter with Thermal Coupling (K-type)

GTL-308

4W+Shield Test leads, 1.5M

GDM-TL1

Test leads with sharp probe and SMT grabber with miniature grabber accessory

Accessories

12

GETTING STARTED

1

2

3

4

5 8 7 0 A B

6 9 C D

Item

Description

1

ESC (Escape) Key

2

Print screen / Data log Key

3

USB Host Port

4

Power Switch

5

Main Display

6

Function keys (F1 through F6, functions vary per modes)

7

Knob key

8

Arrow Keys

9

Measurement Keys

0

Range Selection Keys

A

HI and LO Sense Terminals

B

HI and LO Input Terminals

C

AC/DC Current Input Terminals (10 A terminal available on GDM-9061 only)

D

Front/Rear Input Switch (GDM-9061 only)

Front Panel Overview

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

ESC (Escape) Key

Single press to escape from current page. Presses and holds the ESC key for 2 seconds to toggle between full display and simple display, which conceals the status bar, math display as well as additional info for lightweight use.

Refer to page 21, page 167 and page 175 for more details of status bar, math display and additional info, respectively.

Screenshot / Data Log Saving Key

Captures the current screenshot or saves the data log for reading. For details, refer to page 179.

USB Host Port

Connects with USB flash drive for data storage.

Power Switch

Turns On or Off the main power. For the power up sequence, see page 25.

Main Display

The 4.3”TFT LCD shows measurement results and parameters. For display configurations, see page 160.

Measurement Keys

There are 4 rows in total of both basic and advanced measurement keys deployed on the front panel. For the details, refer to page 15 and page 17.

Function Keys

The 6 keys have varied functions per different settings.

Knob Key

Scrolls the knob to select parameters in various setting pages. Press the key until click to confirm setting.

Arrow Keys

Presses the left or right arrow keys to move parameter cursor rightward or leftward per requirement.

Range Selection Keys

Presses the Auto key to activate auto-range mode, whilst clicking “+” or “–“ key can increase or decrease range parameter, respectively.

14

GETTING STARTED

DC/AC 3A Terminal

DC/AC current input

DC: 100μA~3A

AC: 100μA~3A

For details see page 37.

For the fuse replacement procedure, see page 343.

Sense LO Terminal

Accepts LO sense line in 4W resistance measurement. For details, see page 41.

Sense HI Terminal

Accepts HI sense line in 4W resistance measurement. For details, see page 41.

Input LO Terminal

Accepts ground (COM) line in all measurements except the sense line in 4W Resistance (page 41). The maximum withstand voltage between this terminal and earth is 500Vpk.

Input HI

Terminal

Used as an input port for all measurements except for DC/AC Current measurements.

DC/AC 10A Terminal

(GDM-9061 only)

Accepts DC/AC Current input.

For DCI or ACI details, see page 37.

Background

The upper 2 rows of measurement keys are used for basic GDM-9060/9061 measurements such as voltage, current, resistance, continuity, diode, frequency, period, capacitance and temperature. Each key has a primary and secondary function individually. The secondary function is accessed in conjunction with the Shift key.

Measurement Keys (basic)

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Shift

The Shift key is used to select the secondary functions assigned to each front panel key. When pressed, the Shift indicator appears in the display.

Local

For the Local key, it helps release from the remote control and returns the instrument to local panel operation (page 210).

ACV

Measures AC Voltage (page 30).

Shift → ACV (ACI)

Measures AC Current (page 37).

DCV

Measures DC Voltage (page 30).

Shift → DCV (DCI)

Measures DC Current (page 37).

Ω2W (Resistance)

Measures 2-wire Resistance (page

41).

Shift → Ω2W (Ω4W Resistance)

Measures 4-wire Resistance (page 41 ).

(Continuity)

Tests Continuity (page 44).

Shift → (Diode )

Tests Diode (page 47).

FREQ (Frequency)

Measures Frequency (page 48).

Shift + FREQ (Capacitance )

Measures Capacitance (page 53).

TEMP (Temperature)

Measures Temperature (page 56).

16

GETTING STARTED

Background

The lower 2 rows of measurement keys are used for more advanced functions. Each key has a primary and secondary function. The secondary function is accessed in conjunction with the Shift key.

REL

Measures the Relative value (page

79).

Shift → REL (REL#)

Manually sets the reference value for the Relative value measurement (page 79).

Hold

Activates the Hold function (page

81).

Shift → Hold (Hold#)

Manually sets the parameters for the Hold measurement (page 81).

TRIG (Trigger)

Activates the Trigger function (page

84).

Shift → TRIG (TRIG#)

Manually sets the parameters for the Trigger function (page 84).

Menu

Enters the setting pages in various Menus (page 142).

Shift → Menu (Filter)

Manually sets the parameters for the Filter function (page 90).

DISP

Display settings (page 187).

Shift → DISP (Math)

The Math functions including dB, dBm, Compare, MX+B, 1/X and Percent manually (page 93).

Measurement Keys (advanced)

17

GDM-906X Series User Manual

1

240

2 5 9 0 A

4 3 6 7 8 B

Item

Description

1

HI and LO Sense Terminals (GDM-9061 only)

2

HI and LO Input Terminals (GDM-9061 only)

3

3 A Current Terminal (GDM-9061 only)

4

3 A Current Terminal Fuse

5

DIGITAL I/O Connector

6

RS-232 Interface Connector

7

USB Interface Connector (B Type)

8

Ethernet (LAN) Connector

9

Fan Vents

0

AC Mains Input (Power Cord Socket)

A

AC Mains Line Voltage Selector and Fuse Socket

B

GPIB Connector (optional)

Rear Panel Overview

18

GETTING STARTED

Power Cord Socket

Accepts the power cord. AC 100/120/220/240V ±10%, 50Hz / 60Hz /400Hz ±10%.

For power on sequence, see page

25.

Fuse Socket

Holds the main fuse:

100/120 VAC: T0.25A

220/240 VAC: T0.125A

For fuse replacement details, see page 342.

RS-232C port

Accepts an RS-232C cable for remote control; DB-9 male connector.

For remote control details, see page 214.

USB device port

Accepts a USB device cable for remote control; Type B, female connector.

For remote control details, see page 211.

LAN port

Accepts a LAN for remote control;

For remote control details, see page 227.

Digital I/O port

Accepts a digital I/O cable for the Hi/Lo limit tests; DB-9 pin, female connector.

For digital I/O details, see page

117.

Optional GPIB port

Accepts an optional GPIB card.

For GPIB details, see page 223.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Fan Vents

For heat ventilation when machine is under operation.

Sense LO Terminal (GDM-9061 only)

Accepts LO sense line in 4W resistance measurement. For details, see page 41.

Sense HI Terminal (GDM-9061 only)

Accepts HI sense line in 4W resistance measurement. For details, see page 41.

Input LO Terminal (GDM-9061 only)

Accepts ground (COM) line in all measurements except the sense line in 4W Resistance (page 41). The maximum withstand voltage between this terminal and earth is 500Vpk.

Input HI

Terminal (GDM-9061 only)

Used as an input port for all measurements except for DC/AC Current measurements.

DC/AC 3A Terminal (GDM-9061 only)

DC/AC current input

DC: 100μA~3A

AC: 100μA~3A

For details see page 37.

DC/AC 3.15A Input Current Fuse

Holds the current fuse: T3.15A, 500V , 5*20mm

For fuse replacement details, see page 343.

20

GETTING STARTED

Background

Identify each icon within the top status bar.

Status Bar Display

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

A

Item

Description

1

Local/Remote control icon

2

RS-232/USB-CDC/USB-TMC/LAN/GPIB interface icon

3

Error icon for commands from remote control

4

Rear panel switch icon

5

Shift key identification icon

6

The first and second function menu switch icon

7

Digital I/O mode icon (User/4094)

8

USB flash drive connection icon

9

Beep/Key Sound setting icon

0

Internet connection status icon

A

Time display

Status Bar

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Local Control

It indicates the unit is under local control mode.

Remote Control

It indicates the unit is under remote control. Refer to page 209 for details.

RS-232

It indicates RS-232 interface is activated. Refer to page 214 for details.

USB - CDC

It indicates USB - CDC interface is activated. Refer to page 214 for details.

USB - TMC

It indicates USB - TMC interface is activated. Refer to page 214 for details.

LAN

It indicates LAN interface is activated. Refer to page 227 for details.

GPIB

It indicates GPIB interface is activated. Refer to page 223 for details.

ERROR

It indicates error occurs in commands. To erase the error icon, it is required to read or sweep the error by remote control commands or reboot action. Refer to page 323 for details.

Rear Panel

It indicates rear panel control. When the icon appears, only rear panel is available; otherwise, use front panel for measurement. Refer to page 18 for details.

Shift

It indicates the shift key is being pressed ready for in conjunction with other keys for additional functions. Refer to page 15 for details.

First function menu

It indicates the active bottom menu corresponding to function keys is the first menu. Click the Knob key (Enter) to switch to the second function menu.

22

GETTING STARTED

Second function menu

It indicates the active bottom menu corresponding to functional keys is the second menu. Click the Knob key (Enter) to switch to the first function menu.

Digital I/O – 4094 mode

It indicates Digital I/O – 4094 mode is enabled. Refer to page 127 for details.

Digital I/O – User mode

It indicates Digital I/O – User mode is enabled. Refer to page 127 for details.

Flash Drive – Capture

It indicates the Capture mode is ready for the connected flash drive. Refer to the page 179 for details of Capture.

Flash Drive – Save Reading

It indicates the Save Reading mode is ready for the connected flash drive. Refer to page 183 for details of Save Reading.

Flash Drive – Failure

It indicates something error occurs and thus flash drive fails to connect to unit.

Sound – Beep

It indicates sound of beep is enabled. Refer to page 142 for details.

Sound - Key

It indicates sound of key is enabled. Refer to page 143 for details.

Sound – All

It indicates sounds of beep and key are both enabled.

Sound – Off

It indicates sounds of beep and key are both disabled.

Internet On

It indicates internet connection is established. Refer to page 227 for details.

Internet Off

It indicates internet connection is Not well established.

Time Display

It indicates the time display. For detailed setting, refer to page 145.

23

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Pull out the handle sideways and rotate it clockwise for the applications below.

Horizontal

Tilt

Place the unit horizontally.

Rotate the handle for tilt stand.

Vertical

Place the handle vertically for hand carry.

Set Up

Horizontal/Tilt/Vertical Applications

24

Power Up

Steps

1. Ensure the correct line voltage is

clearly shown on the fuse socket (240V in the right figure for example). If not, see page 342 to set the proper line voltage and fuse.

2. Connect the power

cord to the AC Voltage input.

Note

Make sure the ground connector on the power cord is connected to a safety ground. This will affect the measurement accuracy.

3. Push the power button

until click to turn on the main power switch on the front panel.

4. The screen firstly shows the logo brand of

GWINSTEK followed by the message “Load the

default parameter” indicating default parameter is loaded

in the initial startup.

GETTING STARTED

25

GDM-906X Series User Manual

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Basic Measurement Overview ............................................ 27

Refresh Rate .............................................................................. 27

Automatic (Internal)/Single Triggering ..................................... 29

AC/DC Voltage Measurement ............................................. 30

Select Voltage Range ................................................................. 31

General Voltage Setting ............................................................. 32

Voltage Conversion Table .......................................................... 35

Crest Factor Table ...................................................................... 36

AC/DC Current Measurement ............................................ 37

Select Current Range ................................................................. 39

General Current Setting ............................................................ 40

2W/4W Resistance Measurement ....................................... 41

Select Resistance Range ............................................................ 42

General Resistance Setting ....................................................... 43

Continuity Test .................................................................... 44

Set Continuity Threshold ........................................................... 45

Diode Measurement ........................................................... 47

Frequency/Period Measurement ......................................... 48

Frequency/Period In-Depth Setting ........................................... 51

Capacitance Measurement ................................................. 53

Cable Open Function ................................................................. 54

Select Capacitance Range .......................................................... 55

Temperature Measurement ................................................. 56

General Temperature Setting .................................................... 57

Thermocouple Sensor Type ....................................................... 58

Reference Junction Temperature (SIM Temperature) ................ 58

Thermocouple Setting ............................................................... 59

RTD 2W/4W Setting .................................................................. 60

Set User Type of RTD 2W/4W .................................................... 61

Thermistor 2W/4W Setting ....................................................... 63

Set User Type of Thermistor 2W/4W ......................................... 64

26

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

Basic measurement refers to the several types of measurements assigned to the upper 2 row keys on the front panel.

Measurement type

ACV

AC Voltage

DCV

DC Voltage

ACI

AC Current

DCI

DC Current

Ω 2W/ Ω 4W

2-wire and 4-wire Resistance

Continuity/Diode

FREQ

Frequency/Capacitance

TEMP

Temperature

Advanced measurement

Advanced measurement (page 75) mainly refers to the operation using the result obtained from one or more of the basic measurements.

Background

Refresh rate defines how frequently the GDM-9060/9061 captures and updates measurement data. A faster refresh rate yields a lower accuracy and resolution. A slower refresh rate yields a higher accuracy and resolution. Consider these tradeoffs when selecting the refresh rate.

Measurement Type

Refresh Rate Available

DCV/DCI/ 2W/4W

5/s

20/s

60/s

100/s

400/s

1k/s*1

1.2k/s*2

2.4k/s*2

4.8k/s*2

7.2k/s*2

10k/s*2

ACV/ACI

1/s

5/s

20/s

Continuity / Diode

60/s

100/s

400/s

Frequency & Period

1s

100ms

10ms

Capacitance

2/s

Temperature

5/s

20/s

60/s

Note

*1

is applicable to GDM-9060, whilst *2 is specifically for GDM-9061.

Basic Measurement Overview

Refresh Rate

27

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Selection Procedure

Press the left or right arrow keys to change the refresh rate.

You can also press the F2 (Speed) key to select a desired rate for measurement. Press corresponding function key in accord with the desired option on screen display. Also, the F6 (More ½) key shows when available options are more than single page.

The refresh rate will be shown at the upper right corner of the display. See the example below.

Active Refresh Rate

Note

The refresh rate cannot be set for capacitance measurement.

Reading indicator

The reading indicator , which is located in the lower-right corner of display, flashes according to the defined refresh rate setting.

Reading Indicator

28

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Overview

By default, the GDM-9060/9061 automatically triggers according to the refresh rate. See the previous page for refresh rate setting details. The TRIG key, on the other hand, is used to manually trigger once per click.

Single Trigger

Simply press the TRIG key to Single trigger measurement. Pressing once stands for trigger for single time. See the figure below for example.

Indicator Single Trigger Mode

Automatic (Internal) Trigger

Press and hold the TRIG key for 2 seconds to return to the Automatic (Internal) Trigger.

Indicator Auto (Internal)

Trigger Mode

(Press & hold

for 2 seconds)

Note

Single triggering is not supported for capacitance measurements.

Automatic (Internal)/Single Triggering

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Voltage type

AC

0 ~ 750V

DC

0 ~ 1000V

Activate ACV/ DCV

Press the ACV key or DCV key to measure AC or DC voltage, respectively.

or

ACV/DCV mode display appears

The mode will switch to ACV, DCV mode immediately. See the figure below for example.

DC or AC Voltage

Indicates DC or AC Voltage mode

5/s

Indicates the active refresh rate

Indicates Automatic range selection

Range: 100mV

Indicates the available range of Voltage

+000.1066 mVDC

Indicates the exact measured value

Connect the test lead and measure

Connect the test lead between the Input HI and Input LO terminals. The display updates the reading.

AC/DC Voltage Measurement

30

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Auto range

To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the Auto key.

Manual range

Press the “+” or the “-” key to select the range. The Auto indicator turns to

indicating Manual range selection.

If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range.

You can also press the F1 (Range) key to select a range for the measurement.

Press the F1 ~ F6 key to select a desired range for the voltage measurement.

Selection list

Range

Resolution

Full scale

100mV

0.1μV

119.9999mV

1V

1 μV

1.199999 V

10V

10 μV

11.99999 V

100V

100 μV

119.9999 V

750V (AC)

1mV

787.500 V

1000V (DC)

1mV

1050.000 V

Note

For more detailed parameters, see the specifications on page 353.

Select Voltage Range

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

General Voltage Setting

F2 (Speed) key to select refresh rate

DCV:

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select the desired rate

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as the figure shown below.

ACV:

Press the F1 ~ F3 key to select the desired rate

F3 (Auto Zero) key to enable Auto Zero (DCV mode only) Background

Autozero provides the most accurate measurements, but requires additional time to perform the zero measurement. With autozero enabled (On), the GDM-9060/9061 internally measures the offset following each measurement. It then subtracts that measurement from the preceding reading. This prevents offset voltages present on the GDM-9060/9061’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy. With autozero disabled (Off), the GDM-9060/9061 measures the offset once and subtracts the offset from all subsequent measurements.

Display

When turning On the Auto Zero, the display shows an icon indicating the Auto

Zero mode is currently being activated.

32

BASIC MEASUREMENT

F4 (Input R) key to select input resistance

Background

Specify the input impedance to the test leads (Input R). This specifies the measurement terminal input impedance, which is either Auto or 10 MΩ.

The Auto mode selects high impedance (Hi-Z) for the 100

mV, 1 V and 10 V ranges, and 10 MΩ for the 100 V and 1000 V

ranges. In most situations, 10 MΩ is high enough to not load most

circuits, but low enough to make readings stable for high impedance circuits. It also leads to readings with less noise than the (Hi-Z) option, which is included for situations

where the 10 MΩ load is significant.

Vs = ideal voltage of DUT

Rs = input impedance of DUT

Ri = input impedance of GDM-9060/9061 (either 10M or 10G available (Hi-Z))

Deviation (%) = Rs/(Rs+Ri) * 100

Display

When “Auto” is selected, the display shows

an icon indicating the Auto mode is currently being activated.

33

F5 (DCV Ratio) key to enable DCV Ratio

Background

The GDM-9060/9061 is able to calculate DCV ration by measuring input voltage from the Input terminals and the reference voltage from the Sense terminals. Before activating the DCV Ration, it is required to wire test leads as the following illustration.

The equation of DCV ratio is like the following mathematical calculation:

See the above equation from which DC Reference Voltage indicates the measured voltage from the Sense terminals.

Display

DCV Ratio

Reading

Input Voltage

Reading

Reference

Voltage Reading

From the screenshot above for example, the INP: +00.86308V (input voltage) is divided by the REF: +00.85414V (reference voltage), and the result turns out the DCV ratio: +1.010457 shown in giant reading clearly.

GDM-906X Series User Manual

34

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

This table shows the relationship between AC and DC reading in various waveforms.

Waveform

Peak to Peak

AC

(True RMS)

DC

Sine

PK-PK

2.828

1.000

0.000

Rectified Sine (full wave)

PK-PK

1.414

0.435

0.900

Rectified Sine (half wave)

PK-PK

2.000

0.771

0.636

Square

PK-PK

2.000

1.000

0.000

Rectified Square

PK-PK

1.414

0.707

Rectangular Pulse

PK-PK

X

Y

2.000

2K

K=

)2

( DD 

D=X/Y

2D

D=X/Y

Triangle Sawtooth

PK-PK

3.464

1.000

0.000

Voltage Conversion Table

35

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

Crest factor is the ratio of the peak signal amplitude to the RMS value of the signal. It determines the accuracy of AC measurement. If the crest factor is less than 3.0, voltage measurement will not result in error due to dynamic range limitations at full scale. If the crest factor is more than 3.0, it usually indicates an abnormal waveform as seen from the below table.

Waveform

Shape

Crest factor

Square wave

1.0

Sine wave

1.414

Triangle sawtooth

1.732

Mixed frequencies

1.414 ~ 2.0

SCR output 100% ~ 10%

1.414 ~ 3.0

White noise

3.0 ~ 4.0

AC Coupled pulse train

>3.0

Spike

>9.0

Crest Factor Table

36

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

The GDM-9061, with front/rear input terminals, has two input terminals for current measurement: the 3A terminal for current less than 3A and a 10A terminal for measurements up to 10A, which can measure between 3 ~ 10A for both AC and DC current. On the other hand, for the GDM-9060, which has no rear input terminals, nor 10A terminal, it offers merely a 3A terminal for current measurement less than 3A.

Current type GDM-9060

AC/DC 3A

GDM-9061

AC/DC 3A/10A

Activate ACI/ DCI Measure

Press the Shift → ACV or Shift → DCV key to measure AC or DC current, respectively.

+

or

ACI/DCI mode display appears

The measurement will switch to ACI, DCI mode immediately. See the figure below for example.

AC or DC Current

Indicates DC or AC Current mode

5/s

Indicates the active refresh rate

Indicates Automatic range selection

Range: 100mA

Indicates the available range of Current

000.03 mAAC

Indicates the exact measured value

AC/DC Current Measurement

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Connect the test lead and measure

Connect the test lead between the 3A terminal and the Input LO terminal or DC/AC 10A terminal and the Input LO terminal, depending on the input current.

The display updates the reading.

For current ≤ 3A use the 3.15A

terminal.

For current up to 12A use the 10A terminal.

38

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Auto range

To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the AUTO key. The most appropriate range for the currently used input jack will be automatically selected. The GDM-9060/9061 is able to do this by remembering the last manually selected range and using that information to determine the smallest current range that the auto-range function will switch to. When the current input is switched to another terminal, the range must be manually set.

Auto Range not allowed on 10A

Manual range

Press the “+” or the “-” key to select the range. The AUTO indicator turns to

indicating Manual range selection.

If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range.

You can also press F1 (Range) key to select a range for the measurement.

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select a desired range for the measurement.

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as the figure shown below.

Selectable Current Ranges

Range

Resolution

Full scale

INJACK

100µA

0.1nA

119.9999 µA

3A

1mA

1nA

1.199999 mA

3A

10mA

10nA

11.99999 mA

3A

100mA

100nA

119.9999mA

3A

1A

1μA

1.199999 A

3A

1μA

3.150000 A

3A

10A

10μA

10.50000 A

10A

Note

For further details, see the specifications on page 353.

Select Current Range

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

General Current Setting

F2 (Speed) key to select the rate

DCI:

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select the desired rate

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as the figure shown below.

ACI:

Press the F1 ~ F3 key to select the desired rate

F3 (Auto Zero) key to enable Auto Zero (DCI mode only)

Background

Autozero provides the most accurate measurements, but requires additional time to perform the zero measurement. With autozero enabled (On), the GDM-9060/9061 internally measures the offset following each measurement. It then subtracts that measurement from the preceding reading. This prevents offset voltages present on the GDM-9060/9061’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy. With autozero disabled (Off), the GDM-9060/9061 measures the offset once and subtracts the offset from all subsequent measurements.

Display

When turning On the Auto Zero, the display shows an icon indicating

the Auto Zero mode is currently being activated.

40

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Measurement type

2-wire OHM

Uses the standard Input HI-LO terminals. Recommended for measuring resistances larger than 1kΩ.

4-wire OHM

Compensates the test lead effect using the 4W compensation terminals

(SENSE HI/LO terminals), in addition to the standard Input HI-LO terminals. Recommended for measuring sensitive resistances smaller than 1kΩ.

Activate 2W or 4W Measurement

Press the Ω2W key to activate 2W resistance measurement.

Press the Shift  Ω2W key to activate 4W resistance measurement.

+

2W/4W resistance mode display appears

The mode will switch to the selected resistance mode immediately. Press the Shift  Ω2W key on the front panel as figure shown below.

2 or 4-Wire OHM

Indicates 2W or 4W Resistance mode

5/s

Indicates the active refresh rate

Indicates Automatic range selection

Range: 100 Ω

Indicates the available range of Resistance

000.0651 Ω

Indicates the exact measured value

2W/4W Resistance Measurement

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Connect the test lead and measure

For 2W measurement, connect the test leads between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal.

For 4W measurement, connect the test leads between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal, as the way to 2W measurement. Also, connect another sense leads between the SENSE LO and HI terminals.

Auto range

To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the Auto key.

Manual range

Press the “+” or the “-” key to select the range. The Auto indicator turns to indicating

Manual range selection. If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range.

You can also press the F1 (Range) key to select a range for the measurement.

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select a desired range for the measurement.

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as the figure shown below.

Selectable Resistance Ranges

Range

Resolution

Full scale

100Ω

0.1mΩ

119.9999Ω

1kΩ

1mΩ

1.199999kΩ

10kΩ

10mΩ

11.99999kΩ

Select Resistance Range

42

BASIC MEASUREMENT

100kΩ

100mΩ

119.9999kΩ

1MΩ

1Ω

1.199999MΩ

10MΩ

10Ω

11.99999MΩ

100MΩ

100Ω

119.9999MΩ

Note

For more details, see the specifications on page 353.

General Resistance Setting

F2 (Speed) key to select the rate

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select the desired rate

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as the figure shown below.

F3 (AutoZero) key to enable Auto Zero

Background

Autozero provides the most accurate measurements, but requires additional time to perform the zero measurement. With autozero enabled (On), the GDM-9060/9061 internally measures the offset following each measurement. It then subtracts that measurement from the preceding reading. This prevents offset voltages present on the GDM-9060/9061’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy. With autozero disabled (Off), the GDM-9060/9061 measures the offset once and subtracts the offset from all subsequent measurements.

Display

When turning On the Auto Zero, the display shows an icon indicating

the Auto Zero mode is currently being activated.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

The continuity test checks that the resistance in the DUT is low enough to be considered continuous (of a conductive nature).

Activate continuity test

Press the key to activate continuity testing.

Continuity mode display appears

The mode will switch to continuity testing immediately.

Press on the front panel as figure shown below.

Continuity

Indicates Continuity measurement

60/s

Indicates the active refresh rate

Indicates Manual range selection

1kΩ

Indicates the available range of Continuity

Note: the range selection is fixed in 1kΩ

OPEN Ω

Indicates the currently measured result

Connect the test lead and measure

Connect the test lead between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal. The display updates the reading.

F2 (Speed) key to select the rate.

Press the F1 ~ F3 key to select the desired rate

Continuity Test

44

BASIC MEASUREMENT

F3 (Auto Zero) key to enable Auto Zero

Background

Autozero provides the most accurate measurements, but requires additional time to perform the zero measurement. With autozero enabled (On), the GDM-9060/9061 internally measures the offset following each measurement. It then subtracts that measurement from the preceding reading. This prevents offset voltages present on the GDM-9060/9061’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy. With autozero disabled (Off), the GDM-9060/9061 measures the offset once and subtracts the offset from all subsequent measurements.

Display

When turning On the Auto Zero, the display shows an icon indicating the Auto

Zero mode is currently being activated.

F4 (BeepVol) key to select the Vol

Press the F2 ~ F4 key to select the volume level or press the F1 key to set Beep volume off

Background

The continuity threshold defines the maximum resistance allowed in the DUT when testing the continuity.

Threshold Range

Threshold

1 to 1000Ω (Default Threshold:10Ω)

Resolution

1Ω

Set Continuity Threshold

45

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Procedure

Press the F5 key to enter the Threshold of Continuity menu as the figure below shown.

Set the continuity threshold level.

1. Use the Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor

and scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value.

2. Press the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key until

click to confirm the threshold settings.

Display

46

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

The diode test checks the forward bias characteristics of a diode by running a constant forward bias current of approximately 1mA through the DUT.

Activate diode test

Press the Shift+ key to activate diode measurement.

+

Diode mode display appears

The screen will switch to Diode mode immediately as the figure shown below.

Diode

Indicates the Diode measurement

60/s

Indicates the active refresh rate

Indicates Manual range selection

5V Indicates the available range of Diode

Note: the range selection is fixed in 5V

0.449395 VDC

Indicates the exact measured value

Connect the test lead and measure

Connect the test lead between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal; Anode-V, Cathode-COM. The display updates the reading.

F2 (Speed) key to select the rate.

Press the F1 ~ F3 key to select the desired rate

Diode Measurement

47

GDM-906X Series User Manual

F3 (Auto Zero) key to enable Auto Zero

Background

Autozero provides the most accurate measurements, but requires additional time to perform the zero measurement. With autozero enabled (On), the GDM-9060/9061 internally measures the offset following each measurement. It then subtracts that measurement from the preceding reading. This prevents offset voltages present on the GDM-9060/9061’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy. With autozero disabled (Off), the GDM-9060/9061 measures the offset once and subtracts the offset from all subsequent measurements.

Display

When turning On the Auto Zero, the display shows an icon indicating the Auto

Zero mode is currently being activated.

Description

The GDM-9060/9061 can be used to measure the frequency or period of an input signal.

Range

Frequency

3Hz ~1MHz

Period

1.0μs ~333ms

Activate frequency or period test

 To measure Frequency, press the FREQ key

followed by clicking the F3 (Measure) key to enter the Measure menu. Click the F1 (Frequency) key and the measured frequency will be displayed on the primary screen with the period value displayed on the sub section beneath.

Frequency/Period Measurement

48

BASIC MEASUREMENT

 To measure Period, press the FREQ key followed

by clicking the F3 (Measure) key to enter the Measure menu. Click the F2 (Period) key and the measured period will be displayed on the primary screen with the frequency value displayed on the sub section beneath.

Display

Frequency Mode

Indicator Frequency Mode

Period Value in Sub Section

Frequency

Value

Period Mode

Indicator Period Mode

Frequency Value in Sub Section

Period

Value

Frequency mode display appears

The mode will switch to the Frequency or Period mode

immediately. Press on the front panel followed by clicking F3 key to choose Frequency as shown below.

Frequency

Indicates Frequency measurement

100ms

Indicates the active refresh rate

Indicates Manual range selection

49

GDM-906X Series User Manual

100 mV

Indicates the available range of Voltage

59.96609 Hz

Indicates the exactly measured Frequency value

16.67609ms

Indicates the exactly measured Period value

Connection

Depending on different inputs, connect test lead to varied terminals. In terms of voltage, connect test leads between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal. The display updates the reading.

In terms of current, connect test leads between the 3A terminal and the LO terminal or DC/AC 10A terminal (GDM-9061 only) and the LO terminal. The display updates the reading.

50

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

The input voltage/current range for frequency/period measurements can be set to Auto range or to manual. By default, the voltage/current range is set to Auto for both the period and frequency.

Auto range

Press the Auto/Enter key. Auto will be displayed on the upper right corner.

F2 (Gate Time) key to select gate time

Background

It is the threshold to recalculate frequency/period. Slower the gate time, e.g., 1s, more accurate the reading value.

Press the F2 key to enter gate time menu. Click the F1 – F3 key for the desired gate time. See the figure below with available options.

F4 (InJack) key to select voltage or current

Background

In accordance with the target inputs, choose the corresponding selection per

condition. E.g., select “3A” when the

input current is below 3A amplitude.

Press the F4 (InJack) key to determine whether the voltage or current 3A or current 10A (GDM-9061 only) to be measured. Press the F1 – F3 key to select desired option. See the figure shown below with options available.

F5 (Time Out) key to select timeout

Background

It defines the exact value for timeout, which means measurement will be suspended after reaching the set timeout value when none of input is detected.

Frequency/Period In-Depth Setting

51

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Press the F5 key to enter timeout menu. Click the F1 – F2 key for the desired timeout setting. See the figure below with available options.

Note: When selecting “Auto”, the timeout

setting will fully sync with the gate time value.

F1 (AC Range) key to manually select range setting

Press the “+” or the “-” key to promptly select the range. The Auto indicator turns to indicating Manual range

selection. If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range.

You can also press the F1 (AC Range) key to select a range for the measurement. Depending on the InJack setting, the available options vary. See examples below.

When InJack is Voltage:

Press the F1 ~ F6 key to select a desired range for the measurement.

When InJack is 3A:

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select a desired range for the measurement.

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as figure shown below.

When InJack is 10A (GDM-9061 only):

Press the F1 ~ F2 key to select a desired parameter for the measurement.

52

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

The capacitance measurement function checks the capacitance of a component.

Activate capacitance test

Press the Shift → to activate capacitance measurement.

+

Capacitance mode display appears

The screen will switch to capacitance mode immediately.

Press + on the front panel as shown below.

Capacitance

Indicates the Capacitance measurement

2/s

Indicates the active refresh rate

Note: refresh rate of Capacitance is fixed in 2/s.

Indicates Automatic range selection

Range: 100nF

Indicates the available range of Capacitance

105.0 nF

Indicates the exact measured value

Connect the test lead and measure

Connect the test lead between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal; Positive-HI, Negative-LO. The display updates the reading.

Capacitance Measurement

53

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

Cable open function will be activated when capacitance range is between 1nF and 10nF. It is required to proceed to Cable Open function when capacitance is between 1nF and 10nF in which test leads connected will result in measuring capacity in small scale.

Display

Range 1nF

or 10nF

Cable

Open (F3)

Activate cable open function

Connect test leads followed by pressing the F3 (Cable Open) key to proceed to Cable Open function. The measured value will be rectified and returned to zero as the figure shown below.

Connect the test lead and measure

Follow the connection method of capacitance measurement to measure and obtain precise-prone value.

Note

Except for 1nF/10nF, all are Not applicable to Cable Open function.

Cable Open Function

54

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Auto range

To turn the automatic range selection On/Off, press the Auto key.

Manual range

Press the “+” or the “-” key to select the range. The Auto indicator turns to indicating

Manual range selection. If the appropriate range is unknown, select the highest range.

You can also press the F1 (Range) key to select a range for the measurement.

Press the F1 ~ F5 key to select a desired range for the measurement.

Press the F6 (More 1/2) key for next page with more options as the figure shown below.

Selectable Capacitance Ranges

Range

Resolution

Full scale

1nF

1pF

1.199nF

10nF

10pF

11.99nF

100nF

100pF

119.9nF

1μF

1nF

1.199μF

10μF

10nF

11.99μF

100μF

100nF

119.9μF

Note

For further details, please see the specifications on page

363.

Note

The refresh rate settings and the EXT trigger cannot be used in the capacitance mode.

Select Capacitance Range

55

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

The GDM-9060/9061 can measure temperature utilizing several devices including Thermocouple, RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) as well as Thermistor. To measure temperature, the GDM-9060/9061 accepts a device input and calculates the temperature from the voltage fluctuation.

Temperature

Range

Thermocouple

-200°C ~ +1820°C (vary by sensor types)

RTD

-200°C ~ +630°C

Thermistor

-80°C ~ +150°C

Activate temperature measurement

Press the TEMP key to activate temperature measurement.

Temperature mode display appears

Temperature

Indicates Temperature measurement

+ 0214.552 °C

Indicates the exact measured value

T Couple

Indicates the active Probe

Type R

Indicates the active Type

Connect the test lead and measure

Connect the sensor lead between the Input HI terminal and the LO terminal. The display updates the reading.

Temperature Measurement

56

BASIC MEASUREMENT

F2 (Speed) key to select the rate

Press the F1 ~ F3 key to select the desired rate

F3 (Auto Zero) key to enable Auto Zero

Background

Autozero provides the most accurate measurements, but requires additional time to perform the zero measurement. With autozero enabled (On), the GDM-9060/9061 internally measures the offset following each measurement. It then subtracts that measurement from the preceding reading. This prevents offset voltages present on the GDM-9060/9061’s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy. With autozero disabled (Off), the GDM-9060/9061 measures the offset once and subtracts the offset from all subsequent measurements.

Display

When turning On the Auto Zero, the display shows an icon indicating the Auto

Zero mode is currently being activated.

F4 (Unit) key to select unit of temperature

Press the F4 (Unit) key to enter the Temperature Unit menu followed by clicking the F1 – F3 key to choose desired temperature unit. See the figure shown below.

General Temperature Setting

57

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

The GDM-9060/9061 accepts thermocouple inputs and calculates the temperature from the voltage difference of two dissimilar metals. Thermocouple sensor type is one of the main factors to be considered.

Parameter

Thermocouple Sensor Type

Measurement Range

Resolution

J

-210 to +1200˚C

0.002 °C

K

-200 to +1372˚C

0.002 °C

N

-200 to +1300˚C

0.003 °C

R

-50 to +1768˚C

0.01 °C

S

-50 to +1768˚C

0.01 °C

T

-200 to +400°C

0.002 °C

B

+250 to +1820˚C

0.01 °C

E

-200 to +1000°C

0.002 °C

Background

(Thermocouple only)

When a thermocouple is connected to the GDM-9060/9061, the temperature difference between the thermocouple lead and the GDM-9060/9061 input terminal should be taken into account and be cancelled out; otherwise an erroneous temperature might be added. The value of the reference junction temperature should be determined by the user.

Type

Range

Resolution

SIM (simulated)

-20°C ~ +80°C

0.01°C

The terminal temperature is manually defined by user.

Default value: Auto

Thermocouple Sensor Type

Reference Junction Temperature (SIM Temperature)

58

Procedure

1. Press the F1 (Probe) key to enter the Temperature

Probe menu followed by clicking the F1 (TCouple) key

to activate Thermocouple mode. See the figure

shown below.

2. Press the F5 (Type) key to enter the Sensor Type

menu as the figure shown below. Click the F1 – F5 key to select a desired sensor type per situations.

3. Press the F6 (More 1/2) key to enter the next

page with more sensor types available for selection.

4. Further press the F6 (Simulated) key after

returning to the previous menu page. You can select either

the default fixed “23.00” or the “Auto” option for the so-called

“Reference Junction Temperature” as following.

 When selecting “23.00” by F1 (23.00) key , the display

shows an icon indicating the simulated baseline is 23°C.

 If choosing “Auto” by F2 (Auto) key , the subset menu

appears with additional option. Press the F3 (ADJ:+00.00) key

followed by inputting a desired parameter as the following

figure (+10 for example).

5. Press the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key to

confirm the setting. The icon appears on display indicating the simulated 34.5 °C, which derives from the input

terminal temperature plus the defined +10 degrees. That is, the input terminal temperature is 34.5 – 10 = 24.5 °C.

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Thermocouple Setting

59

GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

The GDM-9060/9061 supports 2 or 4 wire RTD. It is important to specify the type of temperature sensor used.

Parameter

RTD type

Range

Resolution

All (based on PT100)

-200~630°C

0.001°C

Procedure

1. Press the F1 (Probe) key to enter the Temperature

Probe menu followed by clicking either the F2 (RTD 2W)

or F3 (RTD 4W) key to activate RTD

2W/4W mode. See the figure shown below.

2. Press the F5 (Type) key to enter the Sensor Type menu

as the figure shown below. Click the F1 – F5 key to select a desired sensor type per your requirement.

3. The display shows the latest setting. See the example of the

figure below where RTD 2W: PT100 is currently activated by user.

Probe: RTD 2W

Type: PT100

Temperature

Measurement

R0 Value

RTD 2W/4W Setting

60

BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

The User Type allows any customized RTD sensor coefficients to be used. The User Type is available for user to configure the alpha, beta, delta and R0 coefficients individually, as defined by the Callendar–Van Dusen equation.

Type

Coefficient

Alpha (α)

Beta (β)

Delta (δ)

PT100

0.00385

0.10863

1.49990

D100

0.00392

0.10630

1.49710

F100

0.00390

0.11000

1.49589

PT385

0.00385

0.11100

1.50700

PT3916

0.00392

0.11600

1.50594

Equation

-200°C to 0°C range

-0°C to 630°C range

Operate Procedure

1. Press the F5 (Type) key to enter the Sensor Type

menu followed by pressing the F6 (User) key to activate User Type.

Set User Type of RTD 2W/4W

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

2. Press the F6 (User Type) key to enter the User

Type Setup menu where α, β, δ and R0 coefficients can be set up respectively.

3. Click the F1 (α:0.003850) key to enter the RTD Alpha

Setup page as the figure shown below. Use the Left/Right arrow

keys to move cursor and scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value.

α default: 0.00385 α range: 0 ~ 9.999999

4. Press the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key to confirm

the input α value and repeat the previous steps 2 - 4 to set up the β (Beta), δ (Delta) and R0 coefficients individually.

β default: 00.10863, δ default: 1.49990, R0 default: 100 β, δ range: 0 ~ 9.999999, R0 range: 80 ~ 120

RTD Beta Setup

RTD Delta Setup

RTD R0 Setup

5. After returning to the User Type Setup page, if necessary,

press the F6 (PT100 DEF) key to restore to the default coefficients’ setting based on the PT100 sensor type.

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BASIC MEASUREMENT

Background

The GDM-9060/9061 supports 2 or 4 wire Thermistor. It is important to specify the type of temperature sensor used.

Parameter

Type

Range

Resolution

All

-80~150°C

0.001°C

Procedure

1. Press the F1 (Probe) key to enter the Temperature

Probe menu followed by clicking either the F4 (Therm2W)

or F5 (Therm4W) key to activate

Therm 2W/4W mode. See the figure shown below.

2. Press the F5 (Type) key to enter the Sensor Type

menu as the figure shown below. Click the F1 – F3 key to select a desired sensor type per your requirement.

3. The display shows the latest setting. See the example of the

figure below where Thermistor 2W: 10kΩ is currently activated by user.

Probe: Therm2W

Type: 10kΩ

Temperature

Measurement

Thermistor 2W/4W Setting

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

The User Type allows any customized Thermistor sensor coefficients to be used. The User Type is available for user to configure the A, B and C coefficients individually as defined by the Steinhart–Hart equation.

Type

Coefficient

A B C

2.2k

0.0014733

0.0002372

1.07E-07

5k

0.0012880

0.0002356

9.56E-08

10k

0.0010295

0.0002391

1.57E-07

Equation

Operate Procedure

1. Press the F5 (Type) key to enter the Sensor Type

menu followed by pressing the F4 (User) key to activate User Type.

2. Press the F6 (User Type) key to enter the User

Type Setup menu where A, B, and C coefficients can be set up

respectively.

Click the F1 (A:1.2880E-03) key to enter the

THERM A Setup page as the figure shown below. Use the

Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor and scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value.

A range: 0 ~ 9.9999 (default: 1.2880E-03)

Set User Type of Thermistor 2W/4W

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BASIC MEASUREMENT

3. Press the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key to

confirm the input α value and repeat the previous steps 2 - 4 to set up the B and C coefficients individually.

B range: 0 ~ 9.9999 (default :2.35600E-04) C range: 0 ~ 9.9999 (default :9.55700E-08)

THERM B Setup

THERM C Setup

4. After returning to the User Type Setup page, if necessary,

press the F6 (5 kΩ DEF) key to restore to the default coefficients’ setting based on the 5 kΩ sensor type.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

DUAL MEASUREMENT

Dual Measurement ............................................................. 67

Refresh Rate .............................................................................. 70

Connect the Test Leads ............................................................. 71

The error influence on V+I Dual Measurement ......................... 74

The error of current shunt ......................................................... 75

66

DUAL MEASUREMENT

Background

The dual measurement mode allows you to use the 2nd display to show another item, thus viewing two different measurement results at once.

When the multimeter is used in dual measurement mode, both displays are updated from either a single measurement or from two separate measurements. If the primary and secondary measurement modes have the same range, rate and rely on the same fundamental measurement, then a single measurement is taken for both displays; such as ACV and frequency/period measurements. If the primary and secondary displays use different measurement functions, ranges or rates, then separate measurements will be taken for each display. For example, ACV and DCV measurements.

Most of the basic measurement functions, except for resistance/continuity/diode/capacitance can be used in the dual measurement mode.

The following table shows the available measurement combinations.

Primary Display

Secondary Display

ACV

DCV

ACI

DCI

FREQ

Temp

ACV

X ● ● ● ●

X

DCV

● X ● ● X

●

ACI

● ● X ● ●

X

DCI

● ● ● X X

●

FREQ

● X ● X X

X

Note

When two different measurements are taken, there is a switching delay between the first measurement and the second measurement.

Dual Measurement

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

1st Measurement item setting

Choose one of the basic measurement functions from the table above to set the measurement mode for the primary display.

For example, press DCV to set the first display to DCV measurement.

2nd Measurement item setting

To set a measurement mode for the second display, press the F6 (2ND) key and the 2ND Function options appear subsequently.

For example, press the F2 (ACV) key to select ACV measurement for the second display.

Display

1ST Display

Shows the DCV measurement

2ND Display

Shows the ACV measurement

in orange

Indicates that 1ST display is the currently active display.

Editing 1st or 2nd measurement item settings

After the secondary measurement function has been activated, the rate, range and measurement item can be edited for either the primary or secondary display. Note, however, it is more practical to configure the first or second measurement items before activating dual measurement mode.

To edit measurement parameters in dual measurement mode, you must first set which display is the active display. The orange outline covering either 1ST or 2ND icon indicates the active display.

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DUAL MEASUREMENT

1. Select active display

Toggle the active display between the 1ST and 2ND display by pressing the Knob key:

Primary display: 1ST highlighted in orange outline.

Secondary display: 2ND highlighted in orange outline.

Display

1ST in active display:

2ND in active display:

2. Edit active display settings

Edit the range, rate or measurement item for the active display in the same way as for single measurement operation. See the Basic Measurement on page 26 for details.

Turn Off 2nd Measurement

To turn Off the 2ND measurement, first toggle in 1ST active display followed by pressing the F6 (2ND) key. Click the F6 (OFF) key again to disable the 2ND measurement.

69

Refresh Rate

Background

Refresh rate defines how frequently the GDM-9060/9061 captures and updates measurement data. A faster refresh rate yields a lower accuracy and resolution. A slower refresh rate yields a higher accuracy and resolution. Consider these tradeoffs when selecting the refresh rate.

Measurement Type

Refresh Rate

DCV/DCI

5/s

20/s

60/s

100/s

400/s

1k/s*1

1.2k/s*2

2.4k/s*2

4.8k/s*2

7.2k/s*2

10k/s*2

ACV/ACI

1/s

5/s

20/s

Frequency/Period

1s

100ms

10ms

Note

*1

is applicable to GDM-9060, whilst *2 is specifically for GDM-9061.

Selection steps

1. Toggle the active display between the 1ST

and 2ND display by pressing the Knob key until click.

2. Press the F2 (Speed) key to select a

desired rate for measurement. Press the corresponding function key (F1 – F5) in accord with the desired option on screen display. Also, press the F6 (More 1/2) key to enter the next page with more options when available.

3. The refresh rate will be shown at the left

side of each display. See the figure below shown.

1ST Display

Refresh Rate

2ND Display

Refresh Rate

GDM-906X Series User Manual

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DUAL MEASUREMENT

Reading Indicator

The reading indicator flashes according to the defined refresh rate setting of the active display.

Reading Indicator

Connect the Test Leads

Connect the test leads and measure

When using the dual measurement function, the connection method and number of test leads required depends on the measurement combination. Use the connect diagrams below as guide when taking dual measurements.

Voltage and Frequency/Period Measurement

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Voltage/Frequency/ Period and Current Measurement

Note

DC Current measurements will be displayed as a negative value as the polarity of the current leads has been reversed.

Please take into account the resistance of the test leads and internal resistance of the current connection as it is in series with the test circuit.

The above measuring configuration is used to measure the voltage present on the resistance under test and the current through the resistance under test when using the DCI/DCV or ACI/ACV dual measurement function.

When dual measurement (DCI/DCV or ACI/ACV) is underway, the input impedance will change, thus resulting in load deviation due to the fluctuation of different measuring range.

DC Voltage and Temperature Measurement

(Sense HI/LO connects to K-Type +/-, whilst Input HI/LO connects DCV source)

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DUAL MEASUREMENT

DC Current and Temperature Measurement

(Sense HI/LO connects to K-Type +/-, whilst Input 3A/LO connects DCI source)

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

While dual measurement of voltage and current is being executed, the route from DMM internal circuit to the LO terminal circuit for measuring voltage is totally identical with that for measuring current, and thus the resistor within the route is commonly shared by the two measuring circuits. While measuring current, the resistor within the circuit will generate a voltage drop. When the internal resistor of LO terminal is added to the external load resistor within the circuit, the accuracy of voltage reading will be influenced.

Diagram

Fuse

Rshunt

Rline

3A

Rline

HI

LO

DMM INPUT

Example

Vs = Voltage source RLoad = Load under test Rint = Current terminal total impedance containing

Rshunt + Fuse + Rline

+ Rline

When different current range for measurement is selected, Rshunt will vary accordingly.

For example, Vs = 10V, Rload = 10 Ω, Vs = 10V, Rload = 10 Ω

If the total impedance passing through current

terminal is Rint = 0.5Ω, the ideal measured voltage will

be 10V regardless of impact on load from voltmeter input impedance. The calculation for actual measured

value is 10V * = 9.52381V.

Error (%) = * 100, this error is applicable to not only DC but AC measurement as well. The influence will be probably more serious depending on varied actual conditions.

The error influence on Dual Measurement (V & I)

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DUAL MEASUREMENT

Background

The principle of current measuring is to obtain current via the voltage proportionated by the measured shunt resistor and the current under test. The circuit is basically designed by high impedance (0.01Ω~100Ω approximately) and with shortcoming of voltage drop by shunt. There will be obvious error occurred while measuring low current due to the measurable voltage generated by a larger shunt.

An ideal ammeter never changes flowing route of current, and thus it owns the characteristics of both zero-input resistor and zero-input voltage drop. In practice, however, ammeter always generates an input voltage drop while measuring, which is known as burden voltage in series.

Diagram

Fuse

Rshunt

Rline

3A

Rline

HI

LO

DMM INPUT

The error of current shunt

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Example

Vs = Voltage source RLoad = Load under test Rint = Current terminal total impedance containing

Rshunt + Fuse + Rline

+ Rline

When different current range for measurement is selected, Rshunt will vary accordingly.

For example,

Vs = 10V, Rload = 10 Ω, Rint = total impedance flowing through current terminal 0.5Ω

The theoretical value for current reading should be

= 1A in that the DMM internal resistor

Rint, which contains Shunt, Rline

, Rline

and Fuse,

will cause impact on the measuring reading.

The measured value is I = = 0.952381 A.

Error (%) = * 100

This error is applicable to not only DC but AC measurement, and the burden voltage, per varied current measuring range, is generally within the range of several hundreds mV.

DC Current

Range

Shunt

Burden Voltage

100 μA

100 Ω

<0.011 V

1 mA

100 Ω

<0.11 V

10 mA

1 Ω

<0.04 V

100 mA

1 Ω

<0.4 V

1 A

0.1 Ω

<0.7 V

3 A

0.1 Ω

<2 V

10 A

10m Ω

<0.5 V

The above table indicates the maximum burden voltage caused by the maximum current within the applicable range.

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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

ADVANCED

MEASUREMENT

Advanced Measurement Overview ...................................... 78

Relative Value Measurement ............................................... 79

Hold Measurement ............................................................. 81

Trigger Setting ..................................................................... 84

Automatic/Single Triggering ...................................................... 84

Use External Trigger .................................................................. 85

Set Trigger Delay ....................................................................... 88

Filter Setting ........................................................................ 90

Digital Filter Overview ............................................................... 90

Digital Filter Setting .................................................................. 91

Math Measurement ............................................................. 93

dBm/dB/Watt Measurement ...................................................... 93

Compare Mode .......................................................................... 103

MX+B Measurement .................................................................. 109

1/X Measurement ...................................................................... 112

Measure Percent ........................................................................ 114

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

Advanced measurement mainly refers to the type of measurement which uses the result obtained by one of the basic measurements: ACV, DCV, ACI, DCI, 2/4W, Diode/Continuity, Frequency/Period, and Temperature.

Advanced Measurement

Basic Measurement

AC/DCV

AC/DCI

2/4W

Hz/P

TEMP

Relative

● ● ● ● ● — —

Hold

● ● ● ● ● — —

Trigger

● ● ● ● ● ● —

Filter

● ● ● ● ● — —

dB

● — — — — — —

dBm

● — — — — — —

Compare

● ● ● ● ● — —

MX+B

● ● ● ● ● — —

1/X

● ● ● ● ● — —

Percent

● ● ● ● ● — —

Advanced Measurement Overview

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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Applicable to

Background

Relative measurement stores a value, typically the data at the moment, as the reference. The following measurement is shown as the delta between the references. The reference value will be cleared upon exit.

REL, basically, is to subtract a certain value in the following measurement. The value is fixed and remains its effect even user exits and returns back to this function again.

One of the most seen purposes of REL is to eliminate impedance of test lead from measurement. Before operating impedance measurement, short circuit the test lead followed by pressing the [REL] button. For other measurements, press the [REL] button after putting test lead in a null circuit.

Alternatively, user can modify the value by pressing the [REL#] button followed by using the knob or number keys to enter a specified value. Press the [REL] button again to disable null operation.

Activate Relative measurement

Press the REL key. The measurement reading at the moment becomes the reference value.

Relative measurement display appears

Indicator Relative

Measurement

Relative

Reference Value

REL Delta Value

REL

Indicates Relative value measurement

REL: +000.5711mV

Shows the stored reference value

+000.2653

Shows the delta between the current measurement data and the reference value

Relative Value Measurement

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Manually set the reference value

To set the reference (REL) value manually, press the Shift key followed by the REL key.

The setting appears.

First use function keys to decide unit value. Then use the Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor and scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value.

Press the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key until click to confirm the relative value setting.

or

Deactivate Relative measurement

To cancel the Relative measurement, press the REL key again, or simply activate another measurement.

80

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Applicable to

Background

The Hold Measurement function retains the current measurement data and updates it only when it exceeds the set threshold (as a percentage of the retained value).

Activate Hold measurement

Press the Hold key to activate Hold measurement.

Hold measurement display appears

Indicator Hold Measurement

The Latest

Hold Value

Hold

Indicates Hold measurement

+000.6801 mVDC

Shows the latest hold value

Enter hold settings

Press the Shift + Hold key to activate detailed setting menu of Hold mode as the figure below.

F5 (Percent) key to define threshold

Press the F5 (Percent) key to show the setting menu of Hold Percent as the figure below.

Press F1 ~ F4 key to select desired hold percent. For example, once the measured value is beyond 10%, which corresponds to the selected 10% option here, the latest hold value will be updated on the main reading.

Hold Measurement

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

F4 (BeepVol) key to define beep volume

Press the F4 (BeepVol) key to show the menu of Volume level of Beep as the following.

Press the F2 - F4 key to select volume level. Once the latest hold value is updated, the beep sounds based on the defined volume. Press the F1 key to set Beep volume off.

F2 (MathDisp) key to show STAT & Math

Press the F2 (MathDisp) key to show the option menu as the figure below shown.

Proceed to the F2 (STAT) or F3 (Math) display in accord with the following chapters.

Show STAT result

Background

The STAT page in MathDisp allows you to make statistical calculations for several measurements including Minimum, Maximum, Average Peak-Peak, Standard Deviation and Count.

Operation

Press the F2 (STAT) key to show the statistical data immediately as the figure below.

View Data

-000.9716 mVDC

Indicates the latest hold value Minimum

Indicates the minimum data value

Maximum

Indicates the maximum data value

Average

Indicates the mean (average) value

Peak-Peak

Indicates the peak to peak data

STDEV

Indicates the standard deviation of the data

Count

Indicates the latest counts of hold

82

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Show Math result

Background

The Math page in MathDisp allows you to view mathematical calculations for several parameters.

Operation

Press the F3 (Math) key to show the mathematical analysis instantly as below.

View Data

+000.7098 mVDC

Indicates the latest hold value

Measure: +000.7326mV

Indicates the originally measured mV value

5 hold values in blue

Indicates the latest 5 counts of hold values

F6 (HoldValue) key to restart

Press the F6 (HoldValue) key to simply Restart the hold value.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Applicable to

Automatic triggering (default)

By default, the GDM-9060/9061 triggers according to the refresh rate automatically. See the previous page for refresh rate setting details. The figure below shows the screen of Automatic Trigger measurement.

Auto Trigger Mode

Single triggering

Press the TRIG key to Single trigger measurement. See below for details.

Single Trigger Mode

Trigger Setting

Automatic/Single Triggering

84

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Change mode

 Under Single Trigger mode, press and hold the

TRIG button for at least 2 second to return to Auto Trigger mode.

 Under Auto Trigger mode, simply press the

TRIG button to return to Single Trigger mode.

Background

The GDM-9060/9061 uses the internal trigger by default, for example to count the frequency and the period. Using an external trigger allows customized triggering conditions.

Signal connection

Connect the external trigger signal to the Digital I/O port located on the rear panel.

DB-9, female

Digital I/O pin assignment

Use External Trigger

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Activate external trigger

Press the Shift + TRIG key to activate setting menu of trigger.

Press the F1 (TrigSource) key to enter the trigger source menu followed by pressing the F3 (EXT) to select External Trigger mode.

The “EXT” indicator appears on the display.

External Trigger Mode

Set sample count

1. Under the setting menu of trigger, press

the F2 (SampCount) key to enter the ensuing setting of Sample Count. Use the Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor and scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired counts.

2. Push the Knob key (Enter) or press the F6

(Enter) key to confirm the input value.

Range: 1 ~ 1,000,000

or

Set Trigger Signal

Background

When utilizing external trigger, select either positive or negative terminal as the main trigger source in light of the actual applications.

Press the F5 (TrigSignal) key to toggle between Positive and Negative mode for Trigger Signal.

86

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Set EOM OUT

Background

It indicates EOM (End Of Measurement) output signal. Select Positive or Negative as the output signal for extension applications when necessary.

Press the F6 (EOM OUT) key to toggle between Positive and Negative mode for EOM OUT setting.

Reading indicator

The reading indicator does not flash before triggering (can be on or off). After triggering, the indicator flashes according to the external signal trigger timing.

Exit external trigger

Press the F1 (TrigSource) key to reenter the TrigSource menu followed by pressing the F1 (Auto) or the F2 (Single) key to switch to other trigger modes.

Alternatively, it is viable to simply click the TRIG button to change to Trig:SIN mode or click and hold the TRIG button for 2 seconds to enter the Trig:Auto mode.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

Trigger delay defines the time delay between triggering and measurement start. The default is set at 200us.

Manual trigger delay

1. Press the Shift + TRIG key to activate

setting menu of trigger.

2. Press the F3 (1ST Delay) key to enter the

Trigger Delay (1ST) menu. The Trigger Delay setting appears as the figure below.

Note: the F4 (2ND Delay) key is only

available when 2ND measurement is activated.

3. Press the F4 (AutoDelay) key to switch

to the manual delay time setting.

4. Use F1 – F3 keys to decide unit value.

Then use the Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor and scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value.

5. Push the Knob key (Enter) or press the

F6 (Enter) key to confirm the input value.

Range: 0 ~ 3600s, 1us resolution

or

Set Trigger Delay

88

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Auto trigger delay

1. Repeat the steps 1 – 2 of manual trigger

delay first, and press the F4 (AutoDelay) key to switch the display as the following.

2. Press the ESC key to return to the

previous page and have the auto trigger delay setting take effect. The 1ST display will be shown like the following figure.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Applicable to

Filter basics

The GDM-9060/9061 internal digital filter converts the analog input signal into digital format before passing it to internal circuits for processing. The filter affects the amount of noise included in the measurement result.

Filter type

The digital filter averages a specific number of input signal samples to generate one reading. The filter type defines the averaging method. The following diagrams highlight the differences between the Moving and Repeating filter using 4 samples per reading.

Moving (default)

The Moving filter takes in one new sample and discards the oldest sample per reading. This is the default behavior when the digital filter is not specified, and is recommended for most applications.

1Sample #

1st reading Sample 1 - 4

2nd reading Sample 2 - 5

32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

3rd reading Sample 3 - 6

Repeating

The Repeating filter renews a whole group of samples per reading. This method is recommended when using the optional scanner.

1Sample #

1st reading

Sample 1 - 4

2nd reading

Sample 5 - 8

32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

3rd reading

Sample 9 - 12

Filter Setting

Digital Filter Overview

90

ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Filter count

Filter count defines the number of samples to be averaged per reading. More samples offer low noise but a long delay. Less samples offer high noise but a short delay.

Range

2 ~ 100

Filter window

Filter window defines the threshold for when the digital filter data is updated again. When the AD data falls in the range between TH and TL, the filter keeps processing. When the AD data falls out of the range between TH and TL, the filter will restart. When measuring unstable signals, appropriately setting the filter window can improve the measurement speed.

Time

AD data

TH TL

TH

TL

TH TL

Filter

Restart

TH: Threshold High, TL: Threshold Low

Filter window Formula

Measure: Previous Meas*(1-window)< threshold< Previous Meas*(1+window).

Range: Previous Measure + (Range * window)< threshold <Previous Measure + (Range * window)

There are 5 windows range settings that can be chosen: 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01% and none

Filter setting

Press the Shift key + Menu (Filter) key. The Filter setting menu shows as the figure below.

Digital Filter Setting

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Select display

Press the F1 (Setup) key to toggle between the 1ST and the 2ND measurement to be setup for filter setting.

Note: only when 2ND measurement is enabled, you are able to toggle options here. Otherwise, only the 1ST is available for setup.

Turn on filter

Press the F2 (Filter) key to turn On or Off filter function. The Filter indicator appears on the display.

Indicator Filter On

Choose filter type

Press the F3 (FilterType) key to enter the subsequent menu. Press the F1 or F2 keys to select desired filter type.

Define filter count

Press the F4 (FilterCount) key to enter the subsequent menu. Use the Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor and scroll Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value.

Press the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key until click to confirm the filter count settings.

Range: 2 ~100

or

Set filter window method

Select the Filter Window Method by clicking the F5 (WinMethod) key. The display changes

accordingly as the figure below shown. Press the F1 or F2 keys to choose desired Filter Window Method.

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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Define filter window

Press the F6 (Window) key to enter the subsequent menu. Press the F1 – F5 keys to choose desired Filter Window percentage.

Range

0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, None

Turn off Filter

Press the Shift key + the Menu (Filter) key. Press the F2 (Filter) key to turn Off Filter function.

The Filter indicator will disappear from display.

Applicable to

Background

Math measurement runs 6 types of mathematical operations, dBm, dB, Compare, MX+B, 1/X and Percent, based on the other measurement results.

Math Equation

dBm

10 x log10 (1000 x Vreading2 / Rref)

dB

dBm – dBmref

Compare

Checks and updates if measurement data stays between the specified upper (high) and lower (low) limit.

MX+B

Multiplies the reading (X) by the factor (M) and adds/subtracts offset (B).

1/X

Divides 1 by the reading (X).

Percentage

Runs the following equation.

(ReadingX – Reference)

x 100%

Reference

Applicable to

Math Measurement

dBm/dB/Watt Measurement

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Background

Using the ACV or DCV measurement result, the GDM-9060/9061 calculates the dBm, dB or Watt value based on a reference resistance value in the following way.

Equation

dBm

10 x log10 (1000 x Vreading2 / Rref)

dB

dBm – dBmref

Watt

Vreading2/Rref

Parameters

Vreading

Input Voltage, ACV or DCV

Rref

Reference resistance simulating an output load

dBmref

Reference dBm value

Applicable to

Equation

dBm

10 x log10 (1000 x Vreading2 / Rref)

Watt

Vreading2/Rref

Parameters

Vreading

Input Voltage, ACV or DCV

Rref (REF Ω)

Reference resistance simulating an output load

Activate dBm

Press the Shift key + Math key to activate Math setting menu as the following figure shown.

Further press the F1 (Function) key to enter the Math Function menu as the figure shown below.

Press F3 (dBm) key to enable the dBm function. The screen, after activation, will appear as figure below.

Measure dBm/Watt

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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Indicator dBm On

Measured

dBm Value

Select reference

resistance (REF Ω)

To change the reference resistance,

press the F3 (REF Ω) key to enter the

setting menu. Scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value of reference resistance.

Push the Knob key (Enter) or press the F6 (Enter) key to confirm the input reference resistance.

or

Resistance List

2 4 8

16

50

75

93 110

124

125

135

150

250

300

500

600

800

900

1000

1200

8000

View result in Watt

When the reference resistance is less than

50Ω, it is possible to calculate the watt value.

If the reference resistance is greater than 50Ω, please ignore this step.

To calculate the Watt power, press the F1 (Function) key followed by clicking the F3 (dBm) key again.

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Watt result appears

Shows measured

dBW (Watt) value

F2 (MathDisp) key to show STAT & Math

Press the F2 (MathDisp) key to show the Math Display menu as the figure below shown. Proceed to the F2 (STAT) or F3 (Math) display in accord with the following chapters.

Show STAT result

Background

The STAT page in MathDisp allows you to make statistical calculations for several measurements including Minimum, Maximum, Average Peak-Peak, Standard Deviation and Count.

Operation

Press the F2 (STAT) key to show the statistical data immediately as the figure below.

View Data

+00.00000 dBW

Indicates the latest dBW value

Minimum

Indicates the minimum data value

Maximum

Indicates the maximum data value

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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Average

Indicates the mean (average) value

Peak-Peak

Indicates the peak to peak data

STDEV

Indicates the standard deviation of the data

Count

Indicates the latest counts of dBm

Show Math result

Background

The Math page in MathDisp allows you to view mathematical calculations for several parameters.

Operation

Press the F3 (Math) key to show the mathematical analysis instantly as below.

View Data

+00.00000 dBW

Indicates the latest dBW value

Measure: +000.0006V

Indicates the originally measured Voltage value

RefΩ

Indicates the defined reference Ω value.

Deactivate dBm/dBW measurement

To cancel the dBm/dBW measurement, press the F1 (Function) key followed by clicking F1 (OFF) key to deactivate or simply activate another measurement.

Applicable to

Equation

dB

dBm – dBmref

dBm

10 x log10 (1000 x Vreading2 / Rref)

Measure dB

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GDM-906X Series User Manual

Parameters

dBmref

Reference dBm value

Background

dB is, specifically, defined as [dBm−dBmref]. When the dB measurement is activated, the GDM-9060/9061 calculates the dBm using the reading at the first moment and stores it as dBmref.

Activate dB

Press the Shift + Math key to activate Math setting menu as the following figure shown.

Further press the F1 (Function) key to enter the Math Function menu as the figure shown below.

Press F2 (dB) key to enable the dB function. The screen, after activation, will appear as figure below.

dB result appears

Measured

dB Value

Indicator dB On

F3 (REF Ω) to select reference

resistance

To change the reference resistance,

press the F3 (REF Ω) key to enter the

setting menu. Scroll the Knob key or press Number keys to enter the desired value of reference resistance.

Push the F6 (Enter) key or the Knob key (Enter) to confirm the input reference resistance.

or

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ADVANCED MEASUREMENT

Resistance List

2 4 8

16

50

75

93

110

124

125

135

150

250

300

500

600

800

900

1000

1200

8000

F4 (Ref Method) to select dB reference method

Reference method involves the ways to calculate dB value. When dBm option is selected, user can specify a definite dBm value for dB calculation. If selecting Voltage option, system regards the defined voltage value as the Vreading parameter for dBm calculation, thus resulting in different dB value than the previous option.

Press the F4 (RefMethod) key to enter the dB Ref Method menu followed by clicking the F1 (Voltage) or F2 (dBm) key to determine which method of calculation to proceed to.

F5 (Ref Value) to define reference value (voltage or dBm)

In order to define either voltage or dBm reference value, both of which are corresponding to the previous F4 (Ref Method) option, press the F5 (Ref Value) to enter the dB Ref Value menu, and use the Left/Right arrow keys to move cursor followed by scrolling the Knob key or pressing Number keys to enter the desired Ref value. Press the F6 (Enter) key or Knob key to confirm the input value.

Note: when setting voltage Ref value, press the function keys to promptly define the unit.

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F6 (Ref Value) key to set the dBm reference

Press the F6 (Ref Value_Current) key to instantly make the current dBm value, which is calculated by the current input voltage with the equation, as the Ref dBm (dBm reference).

F2 (MathDisp) key to show STAT & Math

Press the F2 (MathDisp) key to show the option menu as the figure below shown.

Proceed to the F2 (STAT) or F3 (Math) display in accord with the following chapters.

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GW-INSTEK GDM-9061 User guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual