Gossen Metrawatt M249A, METRAHIT ENERGY User guide

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Operating Instructions

METRAHITENERGY

TRMS System Multimeter

3-349-576-03

6/1.17

Standard Equipment – Contact Persons

Scope of Delivery

1 TRMS system multimeter METRAHIT ENERGY (M249A) 1 KS29 measurement cable set (Z229A) 2 Batteries 1 Condensed operating instructions 1 CD ROM (with operating instructions, data sheet and more) 1 DAkkS calibration certificate 1 Rubber holster and carrying strap

Overview of Features included

Function Power measurement W (Var, VA, PF) Energy measurement Wh (varh, VAh) Events recording DC / AC events Power disturbance recording PQ Harmonic analysis V, A Voltage (Ri  17 M) V Voltage (Ri  9 M) V Voltage (Ri 9 ... 17 M) V Crest factor (1  CF  11) 3 Frequency in Hz with V

Low-pass filter 1 kHz with VAC Bandwidth for V Pulse frequency in MHz at 5V

AC+DC

or V

TTL 1 Hz...1 MHz Duty cycle as % 2.0% ... 98% Voltage level measurement in dB 3 Resistance  Conductivity nS Low-resistance measurement

where I

CONST

= 3 mA

TRMS

AC+DC

... 300 kHz

100 kHz

Function Continuity test

where I

CONST

= 1 mA

Diode test where I

CONST

= 1 mA

Temperature °C/°F with T Temperature °C/°F R

Type K

Pt100/Pt1000

Capacitance in F 3 Cable length in m 3 Current A

AAC TRMS

TRMS

AC+DC

10 kHz

... 60 kHz

mV / A mA / A

Bandwidth for A Frequency in Hz for A Current clamp measurement with

adjustable transformation ratio Relative value measurement

(ref. value measurement) REL

AC+DC

or A

Zero point 3 Data logger function

(memory) 16 MBit Min-Max / data hold 3 IR interface (38.4 kBd) 3 Power pack socket 3 Rubber holster 3 Fuse 10 A / 1000 V Protection Measuring Category 600 V CAT III

IP 52

300 V CAT IV

DAkkS calibration certificate 3

16 Mbit = 2048 kByte = up to 300,000 measured values,

sampling rate adjustable from 0.5 second to 9 hours

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Standard Equipment – Contact Persons

Accessories (sensors, plug inserts, adapters, consumable materials)

The accessories available for your instrument are checked for compliance with currently valid safety regulations at regular intervals, and are amended as required for new applications. Currently up-to-date accessories which are suitable for your measuring instrument are listed at the following web address along with photo, order number, description and, depending upon the scope of the respective accessory, data sheet and operating instructions: www.gossenmetrawatt.com

1 Safety Features and Precautions

You have selected an instrument which provides you with high levels of safety.

This instrument fulfills all requirements of applicable European and national EC directives. We confirm this with the CE mark. The relevant declaration of conformity can be obtained from GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH.

The TRMS digital multimeter has been manufactured and tested in accordance with the following safety regulations: IEC 61010–1:2010 / DIN EN 61010–1/VDE 0411–1:2011. When used for its intended purpose (see page 9), safety of the operator, as well as that of the instrument, is assured. Their safety is however not guaranteed, if the instrument is used improperly or handled carelessly.

In order to maintain flawless technical safety conditions, and to assure safe use, it is imperative that you read the operating instructions thoroughly and carefully before placing your instrument into service, and that you follow all instructions contained therein.

The multimeter is equipped with an automatic socket blocking mechanism for your safety, and in order to safeguard your instrument.

This mechanism is linked to the rotary switch and only allows access to those jacks which are actually required for the selected function (exception: the voltage jack is open during current measurement, but a visible red ring warns the user of possible incorrect connection). The socket blocking mechanism also prevents the user from turning the rotary switch to impermissible functions after the measurement cables have already been plugged in.

If dangerous voltages are applied in the high-impedance voltage measuring functions (switch position V or PQ), switching to lowimpedance measuring functions (switch position MHz, , continuity, temperature or capacitance) causes “HiVoLt” to appear at the display and the respective measurement is disabled.

Hazardous contact voltages are not detected when the ohm or capacitance measurement is selected.

If the instrument switches itself off in the event that hazardous contact voltage is applied (only possible during memory mode operation), the high-voltage warning symbol remains visible at the display.

Measuring Categories and their Significance per IEC 61010-1

CAT Definition

Measurements in electrical circuits which are not directly connected to the

mains, e.g. electrical systems in motor vehicles and aircraft, batteries etc.

Measurements in electrical circuits which are directly connected to the low-

voltage mains via plug, e.g. in household, office and laboratory applications etc.

Measurements in building installations: Stationary consumers, distributor

III

terminals, devices connected permanently to the distributor

Measurements at power sources for low-voltage installations:

meters, mains terminals, primary overvoltage protection devices

The measuring category and the associated maximum rated voltage which are printed on the device apply to your measuring instrument, e.g. 600 V CAT III.

Refer to section 10.2 regarding use of the measurement cables.

Observe the following safety precautions:

• The multimeter may not be used in potentially explosive

atmospheres.

• The multimeter may only be operated by persons who are ca-

pable of recognizing contact hazards and taking the appropriate safety precautions. Contact hazards according to the standard exist anywhere, where voltages of greater than 33 V TRMS or 70 V DC may occur. Avoid working alone when taking measurements which involve contact hazards. Be certain that a second person is present.

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Safety Precautions

• Maximum permissible voltage between the voltage measuring sockets or all connector sockets and ground is 600 V for measuring category III and 300 V for measuring category IV.

• Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage peaks with significant frequency components of greater than 1 kHz are not displayed when the low-pass filter is activated. We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.

• Be prepared for the occurrence of unexpected voltages at devices under test (e.g. defective devices). For example, capacitors may be dangerously charged.

• Make certain that the measurement cables are in flawless condition, e.g. no damage to insulation, no interruptions in cables or plugs etc.

• No measurements may be made with this instrument in electrical circuits with corona discharge (high-voltage).

• Special care is required when measurements are made in HF electrical circuits. Dangerous pulsating voltages may be present.

• Measurements under moist ambient conditions or with an instrument with condensation are not permissible

• Be absolutely certain that the measuring ranges are not overloaded beyond their allowable capacities. Limit values are included in section 8, “Technical Data”, in the table entitled “Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges” in the “Overload Capacity” column.

• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or rechargeable batteries. Dangerous currents and voltages are otherwise not indicated, and the instrument may be damaged.

• The instrument may not be operated if the fuse cover or the battery compartment lid has been removed, or if its housing is open.

• The input for the current measuring range is equipped with a fuse link. Use specified fuses only (see page 86)! The fuse must have a breaking capacity of at least 30 kA.

• Observe optical and acoustic warning signals (see section 1.2 and section 1.3).

Opening of Equipment / Repair

The equipment may be opened only by authorized service personnel to ensure the safe and correct operation of the equipment and to keep the warranty valid.

Even original spare parts may be installed only by authorized service personnel.

In case the equipment was opened by unauthorized personnel, no warranty regarding personal safety, measurement accuracy, conformity with applicable safety measures or any consequential damage is granted by the manufacturer.

Repair and Parts Replacement

When the instrument is opened, voltage conducting parts may be exposed. The instrument must be disconnected from the measuring circuit before performing repairs or replacing parts. If repair of a live open instrument is required, it may only be carried out by trained personnel who are familiar with the dangers involved.

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Safety Precautions

Note

Defects and Extraordinary Strains

If it may be assumed that the instrument can no longer be operated safely, it must be removed from service and secured against unintentional use. Safe operation can no longer be relied upon:

• If the device demonstrates visible damage

• If the instrument no longer functions, or if malfunctioning occurs

• After long periods of storage under unfavorable conditions (e.g. humidity, dust or extreme temperature (see “Ambient Conditions” on page 86).

1.1 Use for Intended Purpose

• The multimeter is a portable device which can be held in the hand during the performance of measurements.

• Only those types of measurements described in section 5 may be performed with the measuring instrument.

• The measuring instrument, including measurement cables and plug-on test probes, may only be utilized up to the maximum specified measuring category (see page 86 and the table on page 7 regarding significance).

• Overload limits may not be exceeded. See technical data on page 79 for overload values and overload limits.

• Measurements may only be performed under the specified ambient conditions. See page 86 regarding operating temperature range and relative humidity.

• The measuring instrument may only be used in accordance with the specified degree of protection (IP code) (see page 86).

1.2 Meanings of Danger Symbols

Warning concerning a source of danger (attention: observe documentation!)

Warning at the display regarding dangerous contact voltage at the voltage measuring input (jacks 8 and 10, see page 10): U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC

For safety reasons, the instrument cannot be switched off when dangerous contact voltages are being applied.

Electrical discharge or high frequency interference may cause incorrect displays to appear. To reset the instrument, switch it off and then back on again. See also section 6.5 with regard to restoring the factory settings.

1.3 Meanings of Acoustic Warning Signals

Voltage warning: > 600 V (intermittent acoustic signal)

Current warning: > 10 A (intermittent acoustic signal)

Current warning: > 16 A (continuous acoustic signal)

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Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

sec. 4.3

sec. 3 sec. 5

sec. 7

sec. 6

sec. 3 ff.

sec. 3

sec. 4.1

sec. 4.1.2

Max. 600 V!

sec. 4.1 

sec. 4.4

sec. 6

sec. 3 

sec. 6 

sec. 3.1 

sec. 1.2

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

1 Display (LCD) (see page 12 for significance of symbols) 2 MAN/AUTO: shift key for manual/automatic measuring range selection

 Increase parameter values

selection of indiv. menu entries against direction of flow

Operating mode menu:

ON / OFF | LIGHT

: key for switching device and display illumination on and off

4 FUNC | ENTER Multifunction key

Operating mode menu: acknowledge entry (ENTER)

5 

Increase measuring range or move decimal point to the right (MAN function) Power measurement: change displayed unit of measure

6 Rotary switch

for meas. functions

(see significance of symbols on 7 DAkkS calibration mark 8 Connector socket for ground / connected to ground 9 Socket connector for direct current measurement and current clamp

transformer, with automatic blocking

10 Connector socket for voltage, resistance, temperature, diode and capacitance

measurement, and current

clamp

sensor

11 DATA/MIN/MAX: key for freezing, comparing and deleting measured value,

and for Min-Max function

 Decrease values

Operating mode menu: s

election of indiv. menu entries in direction of flow

12 MEASURE | SETUP: key for switching back and forth between measuring

and menu function

13 ZERO | ESC

Key for zero balancing Operating mode menu: Exit current menu level and

return to a higher level. Exit parameters entry function

 Reduce meas. range or move decimal point to the left (MAN function)

without saving.

Power measurement: change displayed unit of measure

15 Power pack connector jack

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16 Infrared interface

page 13)

Symbols Used in the Digital Display 1 Battery level indicator

Battery full

Battery OK

Battery weak

Battery (almost) dead, U < 1.8 V

Data transmission to /  from multimeter, active

IR interface active (ready to receive starting commands)

Battery Level Indicator

Interface Indicator

1 28

54 6

24 272120

22 23 26 2829

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Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

2 ON: continuous operation (automatic shutdown deactivated) 3 DATA: display memory, “freeze measured value” 4 STORE: memory mode active 5 TRIG: synchronized storage 6 FILTER: low-pass filter active 7 EVENTS: events measurement 8 IR: infrared interface indicator 9 Auxiliary display: digital display with decimal point and polarity display

10 Transformation ratio (factor for current clamp sensorc and transformers),

see section 6.4.3 11 dB: alternating voltage level measurement 12 Selected type of current 13 TRMS measurement 14 Unit of measure

15 Warning regarding dangerous voltage: U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC

16 Main display: digital display with decimal point and polarity display 17 Continuity test with acoustic signal active 18 Pt100/Pt1000: selected platinum resistance sensor with automatic

selection of Pt100 / Pt1000 19 TC: temperature measurement with type K thermocouple (NiCr-Ni) 20 h (hours): unit of time 21 MAN: manual measuring range selection active 22 ZERO: zero balancing active 23 REL: relative measurement with reference to offset 24 min: minimum value storage 25 Diode measurement selected 26 max: maximum value storage 27 Stopwatch active or time since beginning of measurement 28 ON: together with the symbol in item 27: elapsed time since activation of the

respective function 29 sec (seconds): unit of time

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

1kHz

Symbols and Functions for Rotary Switch Positions (MD: main display, AD: auxiliary display, MR: measuring range)

Switch V~ 0/4 V~AC TRMS / HZ

V~ 1 Hz ~AC TRMS / (1) CLiP=oFF: voltage frequency, to 300 kHz / CLiP=ON current frequency sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO V~ 2 V filter ~AC TRMS / Hz man Alternating voltage, AC TRMS, with low pass filter (1 kHz) DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO dB 3 dB ~AC TRMS Alternating voltage level measurement DATA/MIN/MAX V 0/4 V DC / (0/2) CLiP=OFF: direct voltage measured directly / CLiP=ON: via current clamp sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO V 1 V DC+ AC TRMS / CF / (1) V 2 V DC EVENTS Direct voltage events DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO V 3 V~AC TRMS EVENTS Alternating voltage events DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO PQ 0/2 MAinS: V DC+AC TRMS Mains quality: events (type, start time, date, duration, value) Event querying:   keys

MHz 0/2 MHz (High) Frequency at 5 V~ up to 1 MHz DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO % 1 % Duty cycle at 5 V~ DATA/MIN/MAX  0/3  (DC) resistance DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO nS 1 nS Conductivity (in nano-Siemens) DATA/MIN/MAX  2RPE  Low-resistance measurement with acoustic signal where Iconst = 3 mA DATA/MIN/MAX, ZERO

Tem p. TC 0/2

Tem p. RT D 1°Pt100 Temperature with Pt100 / Pt1000 resistance sensor DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

m 1 km Cable length DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO W 0/2 W DC+ AC TRMS / V+A / PF Power (active, reactive, apparent power) / voltage + current / power factor Wh 1 Wh DC+ AC TRMS energy time Energy: energy (active, reactive, apparent energy) / on-time

A 0/4 A DC+ AC TRMS / (2) A/~ 1A DC / (3) A~ 2 A~AC TRMS / Hz / (0/4) CLiP=OFF: alternating current direct, TRMS AC / current frequency,

A/~ 3 thd % ~AC TRMS / A (1) Main display: total harmonic distortion relative to fundamental frequency as %

FUNC

Display Measuring function Sub-Function

A~AC TRMS (0/2)

1 thd % ~AC TRMS / V /

thd % ~AC TRMS / A / (0/2)

0/2  Continuity test, , with acoustic signal where Iconst = 1 mA DATA/MIN/MAX, ZERO 1 V DC Diode voltage up to max. 6 V where Iconst = 1 mA DATA/MIN/MAX

C, type K

0/2 nF Capacitance DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

CLiP=OFF: alternating voltage, AC TRMS, full bandwidth CLiP=ON: alternating current via current clamp sensor, TRMS AC value

CLiP=OFF: pulsating voltage, direct, TRMS / CLiP=ON: via current clamp sensor

Main display: total harmonic distortion relative to fundamental frequency as % Auxiliary display: RMS value for the total signal in V

Temperature, type K thermocouple DATA/MIN/MAX

Mean: average power / max: maximum power CLiP=OFF: pulsating current, direct, TRMS AC+DC, CLiP=ON: current clamp transformer CLiP=OFF: direct voltage, direct, CLiP=ON: direct voltage via current clamp trans.

CLiP=ON: alternating current via current clamp trans. // temperature: MB 6 A and 10 A

Auxiliary display: RMS value for the total signal in A

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

Query harmonics 1 through 15: RMS values and distortion via  keys

DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO MAN/AUTO, Wh – VAh – VArh:

Energy – Mean – max: , ZERO = reset DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO DATA/MIN/MAX, MAN/AUTO, ZERO

Query harmonics 1 through 15: RMS values and distortion via  keys

, W – VA – VAr: vw

keys

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User Interface Symbols in the Following Sections

5V/600mA

Serial number

Registration number Date of calibraion (year – month)

German Accrediation Body GmbH – Calibration lab

XY123

2012-08

D-K-

15080-01-01

 ...  Scroll through main menu  ...  Scroll through submenu   Select decimal point  Increase/decrease value

time Submenu/parameter (7-segment font) 1nFo Main menu (7-segment font, boldface)

Symbols on the Device

Warning concerning a source of danger (attention: observe documentation!)

Ground

CAT III / IV Measuring category III or IV device, see also

“Measuring Categories and their Significance per IEC 61010-1” on page 7

Continuous, doubled or reinforced insulation

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

EC mark of conformity

Position of the infrared interface, window on the top of the instrument

See also section 3.1 regarding location of the power pack adapter socket.

Fuse for current measuring ranges, see section 9.3

This device may not be disposed of with the trash. Further information regarding the WEEE mark can be accessed on the Internet at www.gossenmetrawatt.com under the search term WEEE (see also section 9.5).

Calibration mark (blue seal):

See also “Recalibration” on page 89.

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Initial Start-Up – Setup

Attention!

Note

3 Initial Start-Up

3.1 Inserting Batteries or Rechargeable Batteries

Be certain to refer to section 9.2 regarding correct battery installation.

Momentary battery voltage can be queried in the Info menu (see section 6.3).

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the battery compartment lid in order to replace the batteries.

Operation With Power Pack (not included, see section 10.3)

Installed batteries are disconnected electronically if the NA X-TRA power pack is used, and need not be removed from the instrument. If rechargeable batteries are used, they must be recharged externally. If the external power supply is switched off, the device is switched to battery operation without interruption.

3.2 Switching the Instrument On

Switching the Instrument On Manually

Ð Press the ON / OFF | LIGHT key until the display appears.

Power-up is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal. As long as the key is held depressed, all of the segments at the liquid crystal display (LCD) are illuminated. The LCD is depicted on page 11. The instrument is ready for use as soon as the key is released.

Display Illumination

After the instrument has been switched on, background illumination can be activated by briefly pressing the ON / OFF | LIGHT key. Illumination is switched back off by once again pressing the same key, or automatically after approximately 1 minute. If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with the appropriate parameter setting (see bLiGht parameter in SYStEM submenu) or via the interface.

Switching the Instrument On with a PC

The multimeter is switched on after transmission of a data block from the PC, assuming that the “irStb” parameter has been set to “on” (see section 6.4).

However, we recommend using the power saving mode: “off”.

Electrical discharge and high frequency interference may cause incorrect displays to appear, and may disable the measuring sequence. Disconnect the device from the measuring circuit. Switch the instrument off and back on again in order to reset. If the problem persists, briefly dislodge the battery from the connector contacts (see also section 9.2).

3.3 Setting the Operating Parameters

Setting Time and Date

See the “t iME” and “dAtE” parameter in section 6.4.

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ON / OFF

LIGHT

FUNC

ENTER

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Auto-Range

8.8.8.8.8

Illumination On

000.00

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Illumination Off

000.00

ON / OFF

LIGHT

0ff

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Long (1 s)

3.4 Switching the Instrument Off

Switching the Instrument Off Manually

Ð Press the ON / OFF | LIGHT key until 0FF appears at the display.

Shutdown is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal. If hazardous contact voltage has been detected (HV symbol

appears), the instrument cannot be switched off.

Automatic Shutdown

The instrument is switched off automatically if the measured value remains unchanged for a long period of time (maximum measured value fluctuation of approx. 0.8% of the measuring range per minute or 1C or 1F per minute), and if none of the keys or the rotary switch have been activated before a selected period of time in minutes has elapsed (see “APoFF” parameter on page 66). Shutdown is acknowledged with a brief acoustic signal. Automatic shutdown is disabled in the following operating modes: continuous operation, mains analysis, power or energy measurement and whenever dangerous contact voltage has been detected (exception: memory mode).

Disabling Automatic Shutdown

The instrument can be set to continuous operation. Ð Simultaneously press the

The “Continuous On” function is indicated at by means of the display to the right of the battery symbol.

The “Continuous On” setting can only be canceled by changing the respective parameter (see “APoFF” on page 66 regarding instrument shutdown via parameter) or by switching the instrument off manually. In this case, the parameter is reset to 10 minutes.

and keys to this end.

Initial Start-Up – Setup

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Control Functions

230.00

050.00

TRMS

U > 35 V:

MHz



Te mp

Temp

RTD

hivolt

4 Control Functions

4.1 Selecting Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges

The rotary switch is linked to an automatic socket blocking mechanism which only allows access to two jacks per function (exception: the voltage jack is open during current measurement, but a visible red ring warns the user of possible incorrect connection). Be certain to remove the appropriate plug from its respective jack before switching to and from the “A” functions. The socket blocking mechanism prevents the user from inadvertently turning the selector switch to impermissible functions after the measurement cables have been plugged in to the instrument.

Presence of Dangerous Contact Voltages

If dangerous voltages are applied in the high-impedance voltage measuring functions (switch position V or PQ), switching to low-impedance measuring functions (switch position MHz, , continuity, temperature or capacitance) causes “HiVoLt” to appear at the display and the respective measurement is disabled. The measuring function is not switched until dangerous contact voltage is no longer applied to the input.

If the instrument switches itself off in the event that hazardous contact voltage is applied (during memory mode operation with large sampling period), the high-voltage warning symbol remains visible at the display.

4.1.1 Automatic Measuring Range Selection (auto-ranging)

The multimeter is equipped with auto-ranging for most measuring functions. Auto-ranging is active as soon as the instrument is switched on. The instrument automatically selects the measuring range which allows for highest possible resolution of the applied quantity. When the instrument is switched to frequency measurement, the previously selected voltage measuring range remains active.

AUTO-Range Function

The multimeter is switched automatically to the next higher range at (61000 d + 1 d 06100 d) and to the next lower range at (05400 d - 1 d  53999 d).

Exceptions: capacitance and cable length measurement

The multimeter is switched automatically to the next higher range at (6100 d + 1 d 00 610 d) and to the next lower range at (0540 d  5399 d).

4.1.2 Manual Measuring Range Selection

Auto-ranging can be deactivated and measuring ranges can be selected manually in accordance with the following table by pressing the then be selected with the and energy measurement, see next page).

MAN / AUTO button. The desired measuring range can

 or  scroll key (exceptions: power

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Control Functions

The instrument is automatically returned to automatic range selection when the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, the rotary switch is activated or the instrument is switched off and back on again.

Overview: Auto-Ranging and Manual Range Selection

Function Display

MAN / AUTO

Range switching sequence for:

V DC: V AC/AC+DC: Hz (V AC):

600 Hz  6 kHz  60 kHz  600 kHz

MHz

 or 

MAN / AUTO

* Via manual measuring range selection only

600 Hz  6 kHz  60 kHz  600 kHz  1 MHz



600 W  6 kW  60 kW  600 kW  6 MW  60 MW

600 mA  6 mA  60 mA  600 mA  6 A  10 A (16 A)

Hz (A AC):

600 Hz  6 kHz  60 kHz  600 kHz

60 nF  600 nF  6 mF  60 mF  600 mF

6 km  60 km

Manual mode active:

utilized measuring range is fixed

60 mV*  600 mV*  6 V  60 V  600 V 600 mV*  6 V  60 V  600 V

Return to automatic measuring range se-

lection

MAN

—

“Intelligent” MAN Function

If a small measurement value occurs, the instrument can be switched to a measuring range with higher resolution by pressing the MAN / AUTO key.

Power and Energy Measurements

In the power meaurement function of Metrahit Energy, you can choose between automatic measuring range selection or fixed voltage and current measuring ranges. In contrast to the other measuring functions, however, manual measuring range selection is not possible in this case, as the instrument cannot distinguish whether the voltage or current measuring range is to be changed. The practical procedure is

therefore to start by applying the highest anticipated voltage and current values in the case of automatic measuring range selection and then to lock in the resulting measuring ranges by pressing the MAN / AUTO key. Locking is disabled by pressing the key once again.

The voltage and current measuring ranges can be selected individually when the multimeter is remote-controlled via its IR interface by using the USB X-TRA adapter (and the METRAwin10-Hit software or control command via terminal program).

Mains and Harmonic Analysis

The measuring range for mains analysis (switch position PQ) is specified in the menu (Set > MAinS > rAnGE).

The measuring range for harmonic analysis can be selected as a fixed setting in the menu (Set > HArM > U.rAnGE and Set > HArM > I.rAnGE, clamp factor is not taken into consideration!), or autoranging can be activated.

4.1.3 Peak Value Monitoring for Automatic and Manual Measuring Range Selection

The peak value is measured in addition to RMS measurement in the V / A DC, AC and AC+D functions, as well as for power measurement. If the peak value exceeds the valid range of the corresponding measuring path, the instrument is switched up one range, even if the displayed measured value has not yet reached the threshold value. If the momentary range is manually selected, (-)OL is displayed.

This assures that, in these functions, measurement is always performed in the correct range (e.g. during measurement of a signal with a high crest factor or measurement of the DC component of a mixed signal with a large AC component).

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Control Functions

4.1.4 Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function)

Measurements performed using a suitable fixed measuring range are executed more quickly than those which utilize automatic range selection. Quick measurement is made possible with the following two functions:

• Manual measuring range selection, i.e. selection of the measuring range with the best resolution (see section 4.1.2)

•With the DATA function (see section 4.4) In this way, the appro- priate measuring range is selected automatically after the first measurement and the second measurement is executed more quickly.

The selected measuring range remains active for the subsequent series of measurements with these two functions.

4.2 Zero Offset / Relative Measurements – ZERO/Delta REL Function

Zero offset or a reference value for relative measurements can be stored to memory depending upon deviation from the zero point:

Deviation from Zero Point – with short-circuited measurement cables

for V, , R

– with open input for capacitance unit of measure (F)

, , A

(0 ... 200) digits ZERO REL

(200 ... 25 000) digits

(10 A measuring range: up to 5000 digits)

Display

REL

The relevant reference or correction value is deducted individually for the respective measuring function as an offset from all future measurements and remains in memory until deleted, or until the multimeter is switched off.

Zero balancing and reference value adjustment can be used for auto-ranging, as well as for manual measuring range selection.

Zero Balancing

Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and connect

the free ends to each other, except for capacitance measurement in which case the ends of the cables are not connected to each other.

Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.

The instrument acknowledges zero balancing with an acoustic signal, and the “ZERO REL” symbol appears at the LCD. The value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a reference value.

Ð Zero balancing can be cleared by once again pressing the

ZERO | ESC key.

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Control Functions

Setting the Reference Value

Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and measure

a reference value (max. 25,000 digits, or 5000 digits in 10 A range)

Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.

The instrument acknowledges storage of the reference value with an acoustic signal, and the “ZERO REL” or the “REL” symbol appears at the LCD. The value measured at the moment the key is pressed serves as a reference value.

Ð The reference value can be cleared by once again pressing the

ZERO | ESC key.

Notes Regarding Relative Measurement

• Relative measurement effects the main display only.

• In the case of relative measurement, , F or AC quantities may

also appear as negative values.

4.3 Display (LCD)

Measured Value, Unit of Measure, Type of Current, Polarity

The measured value with decimal and plus or minus sign appears at the digital display. The selected unit of measure and current type are displayed as well. A minus sign appears to the left of the value during the measurement of zero-frequency quantities, if the plus pole of the measured quantity is applied to the “” input.

Overranging

“0L” (overload) is displayed as of 61,000 digits. Exceptions: “OL” appears at the display as of 6100 digits for measuring functions with a measuring range span of 6000 digits.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 19

Control Functions

Note

V, A , Hz

t [s]

60,000

6000

Activated

Reactivated

Save

dB, F, MHz, %

Digits

100% of measuring range

10% of measuring range

4.4 Measured Value Storage: DATA (auto-hold / compare)

An individual measured value can be automatically “frozen” with the DATA function (auto-hold). This is useful, for example, when contacting the measuring points with the test probes requires your full attention. After the measuring signal has been applied and the measured value has settled in in accordance with the “condition” listed in the table below, the measured value is frozen at the digital display and an acoustic signal is generated. The test probes can now be removed from the measuring points, and the measured value can be read from the digital display. If the measuring signal falls below the value specified in the table, the function is reactivated for storage of the next value.

Measured Value Comparison (DATA compare)

If the currently frozen value deviates from the first saved value by less than 100 digits, the acoustic signal is generated twice. If deviation is greater than 100 digits, only a brief acoustic signal is generated.

The selected measuring range cannot be manually changed as long as the DATA function is active.

Function

DATA

Activate Brief Blinks Once

Save (stabilized measured

value)

Reactivate

Data/

Min/Max

Key

The DATA function is deactivated by pressing and holding the DATA/MIN/MAX key (approx. 1 second), when the measuring function is changed, or when the instrument is switched off and back on again.

DATA Function in Memory Mode Operation (rAtE parameter = dAtA)

If dAtA is selected as the storage rate under the StorE > rAtE measuring parameter setting, and if memory mode operation is then started, measured values “frozen” with activated DATA function are automatically saved to permanent memory with time stamp.

20 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Change to

Min/Max

Exit Long

Reactivation results from falling short of specified measured value limits.

Two acoustic signals are generated the first time a measured value is saved as a reference value. For subsequent data hold, two acoustic signals are only generated if the currently frozen value deviates from the first saved value by less than 100 digits.

Key: MV = measured value, MR = measuring range

Brief See table in section 4.4.1

Condition Response from Instrument

Measuring

Function

V, A, Hz, dB,

F, M H z, %



V, A, Hz, dB,

F, M H z, %



Measuring

Signal

> 10%

rdg.

0L

< 10%

rdg.

= 0L

Display

Digital

dis-

played

Stored

deletedIsdeleted

DATA

Static

Blinks

Acous-

tic

Once

Twi ce

Control Functions

Note

Example

The voltage measuring range is set manually to 6 V. The first measured value is 3 V and is stored to memory because it is greater than 10% of the measuring range (6000 digits = 0.6 V), and is thus reliably above the background noise level. As soon as the measured value drops to less than 10% of the measuring range (6000 digits), i.e. amounts to less than 6 V which corresponds to removal of the test probes from the measuring point, the instrument is ready to store a new value.

4.4.1 Saving Minimum and Maximum Values – Min/Max Function

Minimum and maximum measured values applied to the measuring instrument’s input after the Min-Max function has been activated can be “frozen” at the auxiliary display along with time of occurrence. The most important use of this function is the determination of minimum and maximum values during long-term measured value observation.

Except during power measurement, the Min-Max function has no effect on the main display, at which the current measured value continues to appear.

Apply the measured quantity to the instrument and set the measuring range with the MAN / AUTO key before activating the Min- Max function.

The Min-Max function is deactivated by pressing and holding the DATA/MIN/MAX key (approx. 1 second), when the measuring function is changed, or when the instrument is switched off and back on again.

Extreme values can be reset by pressing the ZERO key.

Response from Instrument

Min-Max Function

Activate

and save

Save and

display

Reset

Stop

Data/

Min/Max

Key

DATA/

MIN/MAX

1 x brief

DATA/

MIN/MAX

Brief

ZERO/

ESC

Brief

DATA/

MIN/MAX

Long

Min. and Max.

Measured Values

Are

saved

Storage continues in the back-

ground, new min. and max.

values are displayed together

with time.

Are deleted

are deleted

and function is exited

Display

Digital

Measured

Valu e

Current

measured

value

Saved min.

value

Saved max.

value

Saved min.max. values

Current

measured

value

Acous

Max.

Min.

Once

Min. Once

Max. Once

min/

max

Is dele-

Twi ce

ted

tic

Sig-

nal

Power Measurement (special case)

Instantaneous power is displayed with the switch in the W setting. The Min-Max function is activated with the DATA/MIN/MAX key. The minimum and maximum values for active, reactive and apparent power are displayed as of the beginning of the power measurement, along with time of occurrence (date and time). Previous Min-Max values can be cleared without exiting the function by pressing the ZERO key. This function differs from the general Min-Max function insofar as measurement is performed continuously in the background, even if the Min-Max display is not shown, and while the instrument is in the energy measuring mode

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 21

Control Functions

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

4.5 Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function

The system multimeter is capable of recording measurement data using an adjustable sampling rate for long periods of time in the form of measurement series. Data are stored to permanent memory, an70: EnErGY Submenud are retained even after the multimeter is switched off, as well as after battery replacement.

Stored measured values can subsequently be read out at the computer. The only prerequisite is a PC which is connected by means of an interface cable to the USB X-TRA bidirectional interface adapter, which is plugged onto a system multimeter. See also section 7, “Interface Operation”.

Memory Parameters Overview

Parameter Page: Header

CLEAr dEMAnd

23: Clear Memory

68: tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature

tiME EMpty hyst 0CCvP rAtE StArt StoP t. store

23: Clear Memory – appears after CLEAr

75: HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)

23: Querying Memory Occupancy

70: EnErGY Submenu

22: Starting Recording via Menu Functions

23: Ending Recording

76: tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)

Preparing for Recording – Parameter Settings

Ð First set the sampling rate for memory mode operation (see

section 6.4 the rAtE parameter).

Ð Set hysteresis for efficient use of available memory space.

During memory mode operation, new measured data are only saved if they deviate from the previously stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value (see section 6.4, “hyst” parameter).

Ð Set “t.StorE” in order to limit recording duration.

Ð First select the desired measuring function and an appropriate

measuring range.

Ð Check the battery charge level before starting long-term mea-

surement recordings (see section 6.3). Connect the NA X-TRA power pack if applicable.

Starting Recording via Menu Functions

Ð Switch to the “SET” mode by pressing MEASURE | SETUP and

select the “StorE” menu.

1nFo

 ...  StorE store off StArt (blinks)

store

Ð Memory mode operation is started by acknowledging the

blinking “start” prompt at the main display with the FUNC | ENTER key. The

STORE display segment appears in the header

and indicates that the memory mode has been activated. “store” appears at the main display.

Ð Press the MEASURE | SETUP key in order to return to the measur-

ing function.

22 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Note

The StorE > StArt and StorE > CLEAr menu functions can

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

only be selected a long as memory is not completely full (StorE > StArt), or not completely empty (StorE > CLEAr).

Control Functions

Querying Memory Occupancy

Memory occupancy can be queried during recording with the help of the “1nFo” menu (see also section 6.3).

Memory occupancy range: 000.1% to 099.9%.

1nFo

bAtt

x.x V



...



0CCvP :

017.4

Ending Recording

Ð If the instrument is in the measuring mode, return to the menu

function by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key. Select “StorE” again and acknowledge by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key. “StoP” blinks at the main display.

store on StoP store

Clear Memory

This function deletes all measured values from memory! (blinks) It’s advisable to execute this function before starting a new

measurement data recording.

1nFo

 ...  StorE store off StArt (blinks)

 store CLEAr no  yes empty  store

Ð Acknowledge the “StoP” display by pressing FUNC | ENTER.

STORE display segment in the header is cleared, indicating

The that recording has been ended.

Ð Press the MEASURE | SETUP key in order to return to the measur-

ing function.

Ð Memory mode operation can also be exited by switching the

multimeter off.

Storage of Individual Values Using the SAMPLE or dAtA Sampling Rate

If only individually selected values need to be saved, the SAMPLE value must be selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling value. If memory mode operation is then started, a single measured value is saved to permanent memory with time stamp when the DATA/ MIN/MAX key is pressed and held until two rapidly repeating acoustic signals are generated (not in the case of mains analysis).

If dAtA is selected as the StorE > rAtE sampling rate, and if memory mode operation is then started, measured values ascertained with activated DATA function are automatically saved to permanent memory with time stamp.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 23

Control Functions

Note

4.5.1 Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I DC

Rapid momentary value acquisition is only activated during memory mode operation in the U DC and I DC functions, and only after selecting a sampling period of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 50 ms: All trigger and hysteresis functions are available, although the momentary value is acquired with a separate measuring circuit.

This allows for the recording of the waveshapes of low-frequency signals with reduced resolution and accuracy (typically < 1% of the measuring range under reference conditions, not specified). Roughly 300,000 measured values can be saved in this mode. Values of up to about 1.9 x Umax or Imax are recorded (with fixed range, range-dependent fluctuations), and thus the range limit can be exceeded by approximately 90%.

The ZERO/REL function is not taken into consideration for rapid momentary value acquisition!

4.5.2 Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode

The value selected for the SEt > EnErGY > StorE menu parameter specifies which values from power and energy measurements will be saved during memory mode operation:

• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = normal (default setting): Momentary values for current, voltage, active, reactive and apparent power, as well as power factor, are acquired and saved to memory at the selected sampling rate (at least 0.5 s).

• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = demand: The instrument only saves mean power values at the end of the dEMAnd tiME observation period (see section 6.4.4, “dEMAnd tiME” parameter).

• SEt > EnErGY > StorE = all: Momentary values are saved at the selected sampling rate and mean power values are saved at the end of each dEMAnd tiME observation period (see section 6.4.4, “dEMAnd tiME” parameter).

Ð Set the dEMAnd tiME interval for memory mode operation

before you start recording.

24 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5 Measurements

5.1 Voltage Measurement

Notes Regarding Voltage Measurement

• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or rechargeable batteries. Dangerous voltages are otherwise not indicated, and the instrument may be damaged.

• The multimeter may only be operated by persons who are capable of recognizing contact hazards and taking the appropriate safety precautions. Contact hazards exist anywhere, where voltages of greater than 33 V (RMS) may occur. The test probes may only be only gripped up to the finger guard. Do not touch the metallic test probes under any circumstances.

• Avoid working alone when taking measurements which involve contact hazards. Be certain that a second person is present.

• Maximum permissible voltage between the connector sockets, (9 and 10) and ground (8) is 600 V for measuring category III and 300 V for measuring category IV. An acoustic signal is generated at a display value of greater than 600.0 V in the 600 V range (intermittent acoustic signal: 250 ms on, 250 ms off).

• Power limiting: < 6 x 10

• Be prepared for the occurrence of unexpected voltages at devices under test (e.g. defective devices). For example, capacitors may be dangerously charged.

• No measurements may be made with this instrument in electrical circuits with corona discharge (high-voltage).

• Special care is required when measurements are made in HF electrical circuits. Dangerous pulsating voltages may be present.

Volts x Hertz.

• Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage spikes are not displayed during measurement with the low-pass filter. We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.

• With the rotary switch in the V position, the instrument is always in the 6 V measuring range immediately after it’s switched on. As soon a the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, and assuming the measured value is less than 600 mV, the instrument is switched to the mV measuring range.

Scope of Functions, Voltage Measurement

Function

V AC / Hz TRMS, dB (Ri  9 M)

V AC / TP-Filter 1 kHz (Ri  9 M) TRMS

V AC+DC TRMS (Ri  9 M)

V DC (Ri  17 M)

MHz at 5 V AC

Duty cycle as %

Frequency bandwidth

A 1 kHz low-pass filter can be used in this case, in order to filter out high frequency pulses of greater than 1 kHz, for example when performing measurements at pulsed motor drives.



  

100 kHz

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 25

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

COM

V Tem p



– (+)

+ (–)

V= : 60 mV 600 V

20,000

TRMS

20,000

> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:

> 600 V:

Warnings regarding dangerous

max. 600 V (< 10 kHz)

V: 600 mV 600 V

max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)

max

= 6 x 106 V x Hz

Measuring ranges:

000000

20.000 00:00:00

Cf: 01.0

EVENTS

MAN

000000

00.000 00:00:00

EVENTS

MAN

TRMS

voltage:

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

CL ip = 0FF

CF: 1.0 ... 11.0

5.1.1 Direct Voltage, Pulsating Voltage and Crest Factor Measurement – V DC, V (DC+AC) and CF

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup menu. Otherwise all measured values are displayed in amperes, corrected by the amount resulting from the selected transformation ratio for an interconnected current clamp sensor. The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to section 6.4, “Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu” regarding adjustment.

Ð In accordance with the voltage to be measured, turn the rotary

switch to V or V .

Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.

The “” connector jack should be grounded.

An intermittent acoustic signal warns the operator if the measured value exceeds the upper range limit in the 600 V range.

Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been activated when the multimeter is connected for voltage measurement! If the fuse’s blowing limits are exceeded as a result of operator error, both the operator and the instrument are in danger!

With the rotary switch in the V position (auto-ranging), the multimeter is always in the 6 V measuring range immediately after it’s switched on. As soon a the MAN / AUTO key is pressed, and assuming the measured value is less than 600 mV, the instrument is switched to the 600 mV measuring range. Press the to switch to the 60 mV measuring range.

26 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

 key in order

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

60 mV range:

Thermovoltages occur in the event of temperature fluctuation, which appear as additional voltage offset. It may be necessary to repeat zero offsetting in order to achieve the specified degree of accuracy.

Crest Factor Display

Crest factor is displayed for voltages in the V (AC+DC) function along with the measured voltage value. The voltage value is measured simultaneously in a separate measuring circuit to this end, and crest factor is displayed within a range of 1.0 to 11.0.

This value indicates the quality of the applied signal. The only prerequisite is a periodic signal with a valid frequency (see table).

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measuring range: 1.0

 CF  11.0; resolution: 0.1

Typical (not specified) maximum deviation for U  5% of the measuring range:

Frequency CF  3.0 3.0 < CF  5.0 5.0 < CF  10.0

10 to 70 Hz  02 02 05

70 to 440 Hz 02 05 Not valid

440 Hz to 1 kHz 05 Not valid Not valid

> 1 kHz: Not valid Not valid Not valid

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 27

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

20.000

TRMS

20.000

000. 000

20,000 00:00:00

Cf: 01.0

EVENTS

MAN

000. 000

00,000 00:00:00

EVENTS

MAN

TRMS

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

CL ip = 0FF

Number of elements

Time elapsed since recording start

Event value

DC coupling

Number of elements

Time elapsed since recording start

Event value

AC coupling

(sampling rate: 0.5 s / 1 ms)

(sampling rate: 0.5 s)

Total time for all eventsOn

DATA/MIN/MAX

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

Events Recording “EVEntS” Events recording can be activated with DC or AC coupling in the

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

V DC switch position. The auto-ranging function is deactivated, and the respective valid measuring range must be selected manually in the left-hand auxiliary display.

The following can be measured and displayed:

• Number of events

An event is recorded whenever at least 1 measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold and subsequently at least 1 measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold.

Voltage signals with a repetition frequency of less than 500 Hz or 2 Hz are recorded (event rate or period of 0.001 s or 0.5 s).

• Total time for all events

Time during which measured voltage was above the upper trigger threshold.

• Total time elapsed since event recording was started

Event Recording Parameter with DC Coupling – DC Sampling Rate

Ð Enter the desired sampling rate in the parameter settings

menu:

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  events

events trig / events rate DC 

events rate : 0 .. 001 /0.. 5 s



28 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

1 ms sampling is executed with reduced resolution and accuracy (approx. 1% of the measuring range under reference conditions).

Events Measurement Parameter – Trigger Thresholds

Ð Enter upper threshold H-trig and lower threshold L-trig in digits in

the parameter settings menu (see table with examples below):

 ...  SET system  ...  events

1nFo

events rate DC / events trig

h-trig set : -60000 ... +60000



– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Selecting the Measurement

Ð In accordance with the voltage to be measured, turn the rotary

switch to V or V .

Ð Manually select the measuring range for the event value in the

left-hand auxiliary display.

Ð Apply the signal as you would for a voltage measurement.

Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until

EVENTS (DC) or EVENTS (AC) appears at the display.

You can switch back and forth between two times with the DATA/ MIN/MAX key:

Total time elapsed since event recording was started ON Total time of all events (voltage above H-triG)

l-trig set : -60000 ... +60000



Examples of Trigger Threshold Entries

Entered Value: H-trig or L-trig Trigger Threshold in Digits

20 000 02 000 00 200

Meas. range Effective trigger threshold

600 mV 200 mV 20 mV 2 mV

6 V 2 V 200 mV 20 mV

60 V 20 V 2 V 200 mV

600 V 200 V 20 V 2 V

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 29

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

Attention!

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.2 Alternating Voltage and Frequency Measurement V AC and Hz with Selectable Low-Pass Filter, V AC + FILTER and dB V AC

6.4, “Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu” regarding adjustment.

Ð In accordance with the voltage or frequency to be measured,

turn the rotary switch to V~.

Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.

The “” connector jack should be grounded.

Voltage measurement

An intermittent acoustic signal warns the operator if the measured value exceeds the upper range limit in the 600 V range.

Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been activated, when the multimeter is connected for voltage measurement! If the fuse’s blowing limits are exceeded as a result of operator error, both the operator and the instrument are in danger!

Ð You can switch back and forth between voltage measurement

with and without low-pass filter.

Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until the

unit of measure V, or V and FILTER, appears at the display.

section

Frequency Measurement

Signal frequency appears at the left-hand auxiliary display when the instrument executes alternating voltage measurements. A separate frequency measurement can be additionally performed by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, which allows for use of the DATA and Min-Max functions.

If the measuring signal is too low, switch manually to a lower range.

Lowest measurable frequencies and maximum allowable voltages are listed in section 8, “Technical Data”.

For measurements close to the trigger threshold: display error or zero. Select a lower voltage measuring range. In the case of measured values which are many times greater than the expected results, the input signal may be distorted. If this is the case, perform a measurement with activated 1 kHz low-pass filter.

Measurement with Low-Pass Filter

Be aware of the fact that dangerous voltage spikes are not displayed during this type of measurement (see also “Voltage Comparator”. We recommend measuring voltage without the low-pass filter first, in order to be able to detect any dangerous voltages.

A 1 kHz low-pass filter can be activate if required, in order to filter out high frequency pulses of greater than 1 kHz, for example when performing measurements at pulsed motor drives, i.e. undesired voltages of greater than 1 kHz can be suppressed.

30 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

COM

V Tem p



max. 600 V (< 10 kHz)

V~: 600 mV  600 V

Hz: 1 Hz ¼ 300 kHz

max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)

max

= 6 x 106 V x Hz

Measuring ranges:

> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:

> 600 V:

Warnings regarding dangerous voltage:

for U > 100 V

V~ & Filter

1 kHz

049.45

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

TRMS

230.00

050.00

TRMS

1 kHz

050.00

TRMS

230.00

050.00

TRMS

FILTER

CL ip = 0FF

R:00.775

230.0

Reference value

Current measured value

MAN

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

The active low-pass filter is indicated by the FILTER display. The multimeter is automatically switched to manual measuring range selection.

Specified measuring accuracy is not reached with signals of greater than 100 Hz when the filter is active.

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Voltage Comparator for Displaying Dangerous Voltage

The input signal or measuring signal is checked by a voltage comparator for dangerous spikes, because these do not appear at the display when the low-pass filter is used. At voltages of greater than 30 V AC or 35 V DC, a danger symbol appears at the display: .

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 31

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

Voltagelevel dB20

------log=

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Alternating Voltage Level Measurement (dB)

Voltage level measurement is used in order to ascertain overall attenuation or boosting of a transmission system (shown here as a 4pole setup).

= U

Where U

(reference level)

REF

Result > 1: boosting Result < 1: attenuation

Ð Manually select the measuring range for the voltage amplitude.

When the instrument is switched to dB measurement, the previously selected voltage measuring range remains active.

Ð Repeatedly press the multifunction key FUNC | ENTER until the

unit of measure dB appears at the display. Lowest measurable frequencies and maximum allowable voltages are included in section 8, “Technical Data”.

The level measurement function is now activated. The measured value is calculated based upon the RMS value of the alternating voltage component relative to the measuring range (600 mV  600 V), and displayed.

The default setting for the reference level is 0 dB = 0.775 V (1 mW to 600 ). This value van be adjusted in the “SET” menu (see also section 6.4):

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  dbrEF

dbrEF set: 00 .. 001 ... 99 V



No terminal resistors have been integrated into the device. It performs measurement with a high input impedance of at least 9 M (see technical data). In order to be able to perform correct measurement at nonterminated devices under test, the terminating resistor must be connected to the terminals. Be sure to take power loss at the terminating resistor into consideration!

32 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Line Voltage

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.3 Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording – PQ

Overview

The METRAHIT ENERGY is equipped with an operating mode for mains disturbance recording in the PQ switch position. Input voltage is simultaneously measured with a different measuring circuit to this end.

• The RMS value of the applied voltage is measured and

displayed continuously. (This measurement corresponds to DC+AC TRMS measurement, see section 5.1.2.) The measurement is used for precise detection of overvoltages and undervoltages.

• Additionally, the voltage is sampled at 1.2 kS/s and a half-cycle

RMS value is calculated for each half-cycle: This is used to detect short overvoltages (swells) and undervoltages (dips). Mains frequency (50 or 60 Hz) must be correctly set for this measurement (see section 6.4.5).

• Momentary values acquired by means of fast sampling are used

for the detection of briefly exceeded absolute values (peaks).

• Steep voltage surges within a range of 200 V to 1000 V

relative to the momentary voltage value are additionally acquired by a sample&hold circuit.

The measuring range can be adjusted from 6 to 600 V: With the exception of transient detection (fixed range of 200 to 1000 V), all disturbances can be detected in all three voltage ranges, but only at frequencies of 0 Hz (direct voltage), 50 or 60 Hz.

Acquirable Mains Disturbances

The following types of disturbances are recorded:

• Undervoltage (LoVoLt) and overvoltage (HiVoLt) with start time, duration and extreme value.

• Under and overvoltage of the half-period RMS value (dips and swells) with start time, as well as minimum and maximum values.

• Momentarily exceeded values with a duration of greater than 1 ms (peak) with time of occurrence and maximum value

• Steep transients with a rise time of 0.5 to 5 ms within a range of 200 to 1000 V including time of occurrence, relative voltage value and the previous 1 ms instantaneous value

Based on the example of a 230 V, 50 Hz line voltage, the following figure depicts acquirable disturbances in addition to the detection of undervoltages and overvoltages:

It must be noted that certain events – depending upon the threshold voltage selected for them – often occur in combination, for example the “LoVolt” event always occurs together with the “diP” event, if the same threshold voltage has been selected for both, but not the other way around.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 33

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Parameters Configuration

Prior to mains analysis, the function’s parameters have to be configured under SET > MAinS. The following parameters are available:

• MAinS.F: Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS half-cycle value: 50 or 60 Hz can be selected. Selection is irrelevant for DC signals.

• rAnGE: The 6 V, 60 V or 600 V range (default) can be selected as the voltage measuring range.

• TRIG: The threshold values for undervoltage (LoVoLt LiMit) and overvoltage (HiVoLt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can be entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.

• diP LiMit: If the TRMS half-cycle value falls short of the specified value (in digits, 60,000 = full measuring range), a voltage drop (dip) is detected.

• SWELL LiMit: If the TRMS half-cycle value exceeds the specified limit, a brief overvoltage (swell) is detected.

• PEAK LiMit: If the momentary voltage value exceeds the value specified here (regardless of polarity), an exceeded limit value is recorded (PEAK).

• trAnS LiMit: A level can be set here as of which a voltage transient is recorded. This is a polarity-independent entry relative to the momentary value. The smallest value is 200 V. Regardless of the selected measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 to 1000 V.

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Typ e of Disturbance

Over/undervoltage

Dip/swell

Peak

Transients * 200 ... 1000 V 10 V  50 V 0.5 ... 5 s

* Absolute value of the transients is limited to 1000 V by input protection.

Measuring Range

6 ... 600 V

Resolution

60,000

digits

6000 dig-

its

6000 dig-

its

Intrinsic Uncertainty under Reference Conditions with Fixed Frequency of 50/60 Hz

1% rdg. + 1% MR

1% rdg. + 2% MR

Sequence

Ð Set the trigger values for the MAinS menu:

Line frequency: MAinS.F Meas. range formains disturbance recording: rAnGE Lower trigger threshold: LoVolt LiMit Upper trigger threshold: HiVolt LiMit Voltage dip limit value: diP LiMit Voltage swell limit value: SWELL LiMit Trigger for surges or voltage peaks: PEAK LiMit Limit value for transients: trAnS LiMit

See section 6.4.5, “MAinS Submenu”, regarding settings.

Ð Set the rotary switch to PQ.

Ð Connect meas. cables same as for a voltage measurement.

Mains monitoring is started automatically as soon as the selector switch is set to PQ.

The number of recorded mains disturbances appears at the lefthand auxiliary display. Recorded events can be deleted by pressing and holding the ZERO key.

Pulse Time

 1 half-cycle

 1 ms

34 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

5.1.4 Mains Disturbance Recording in Memory Mode Operation

If memory mode operation is started (see STORE menu function above), further data in addition to those which appear at the display are saved to memory, allowing for computer aided visual assessment:

• Regardless of which events occur, (DC+AC) TRMS voltage is continuously recorded with adjustable sampling rate, and in consideration of the selected hysteresis value.

• If a dip or a swell is recorded, the RMS half-cycle values of the 10 previous and 90 subsequent half-cycles are recorded.

• If a peak is recorded, the momentary values of the two halfperiods both before and after the peak are acquired.

Memory mode operation must be stopped before data can be read out of the instrument.

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 35

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.1.5 Harmonic Analysis (voltage measurement)

In the switch positions for the mains quality analysis and current measurement (A) functions, harmonic analysis is performed approximately once per second using 32 averaged sampling values per mains period (adjustable to 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz, see section 6.4.6 on page 73). FFT (fast Fourier transformation) makes oscillations up to the 15

harmonic available to this end. The RMS values of the fundamental harmonic (HD 1) and the individual higher harmonics (HD 2 through 15), as well as total harmonic distortion (THD) are calculated. RMS values and harmonic components are displayed in each case (RMS values relative to the RMS value of the fundamental harmonic). Harmonic analysis is also available for current clamp measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to PQ.

Ð Press the multifunction key FUNC | ENTER.

Ð Connect the measurement cables as you would for a voltage

measurement.

The main display shows total harmonic distortion as a percentage, and the total RMS value of distortion appears at the right-hand auxiliary display.

Ð The distortion components (main display) and the RMS values

of the individual harmonics (left-hand auxiliary display) can be measured by pressing the





scroll keys.

Ð The instrument is switched directly to a display of total har-

monic distortion after pressing the ZERO | ESC key.

Prerequisites

The results of harmonic analysis are only valid if the following conditions are fulfilled:

• The fundamental frequency corresponds with the selected fundamental frequency.

• Only significant harmonic components occur up to the 15 monic (made apparent by rapidly dropping RMS value components up to the 15

harmonic).

• The AC TRMS value amounts to at least 5% of the measuring range.

Additional Harmonic Analyses (current measurement)

For direct current measurement see section 5.8.1, for measurement with current clamp sensor see section 5.8.2 and for measurement with current clamp transformer see section 5.8.4.

har-

36 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

FUNC

ENTER

000.0

TRMS

thd

000

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

100.0

TRMS

harm:1 000

Fundamental harmonic: 1st harmonic

HArM

Line frequency: harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz Measuring range: v.range: 600mV/6 /60 /600 V/auto

Parameters for harmonic analysis:

HArM:1 RMS value of the fundamental harmonic in V

000.0

TRMS

harm:2 000

Harmonics: 2 ... 15

RMS value, 2nd harmonic

100% for fundamental harmonic

Distortion through 2

harmonic

FUNC

ENTER

Event duration*

Event value

Types of events:

Dropout: mains failure Swell:overvoltage Peak: surge / voltage peak Trans: transients dip:voltage drop lovolt: lower trigger threshold hivolt: upper trigger threshold

231.00

TRMS

000. 002

Number of

14:31:10

trans

AC TRMS

000001

270

26:04:10

Start time

Event type

280.1

Event no. 002

Event selection

001 ... 999

mains

Momentary

MAN

TRMS

MAN MAN

on on

000.00

26:04:10 00:22:43

TRMS

MAN

15:01:10

lovolt

AC TRMS

000002

MAN

events

measured value

ZERO

ESC

CLiP = OFF !  SETUP

Total RMS value

of distortion in V

thd: total distortion as %

relative to fundamental harmonic

ON: disturbance persists

* Exception, trAnS: previous 1 ms momentary value

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 37

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Attention!

Note

Duty cycle (%) =

Pulse duration (t

)

Pulse period (t

)

 100

COM

V Tem p



max. 5 V

1.0323

kHz

002.00

MHz

tE/t

Pulse Time Quantities

pulse frequency = 1/tP

pulse duration

pulse period

– tEinterpulse period

E/tP

pulse or duty cycle

FUNC

ENTER

Measuring ranges:

fp pulse frequency range

Hz tE/t

15 Hz ... 1 kHz 2 ... 98 %

... 10 kHz 5 ... 95 % ... 50 kHz 10 ... 90 %

5.1.6 Frequency and Duty Cycle Measurement

Ð Set the rotary switch to MHz or %.

Ð Connect the measurement cables as shown.

Make sure that a current measuring range (“A”) has not been activated when the multimeter is connected for frequency or duty cycle measurement!

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

The applied signal voltage may not exceed 5 V.

Frequency Measurement, MHz

A 5 V signal with a frequency of up to 1 MHz is measured and displayed using MHz as a unit of measure. The pulse frequency is the reciprocal value of the pulse period.

Duty Cycle Measurement t

The ratio of pulse duration to pulse period is measured with periodic square-cycle signals and is displayed as a percentage.

The applied frequency must remain constant during duty cycle measurement.

38 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

E/tP

5.2 Resistance, Conductivity and Low-Resistance Measurement

Note

COM

V Tem p



0V !



600   60 M

Measuring ranges:



FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

000.00

050.0

30.00

rpe



nS: 15 – 600 nS R

: 60 

RPE >

0.1 ... 60.9,

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Interference voltages distort measurement results! Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of voltage with the help of the direct voltage measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to “” or “nS”.

Ð Connect the device under test as shown.

 and R nection.

nS: “u r” (under range) appears at the display in the case of an open connection.

Improving Accuracy for Resistance and Low-Resistance Measurement by means of Zero Balancing

Cable resistance and contact resistance can be eliminated in all measuring ranges by means of zero balancing (see section 4.2) (applies to  and RPE functions only).

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Use short or shielded measurement cables in the case of high-impedance resistance.

: “0 L” appears at the display in the case of an open con-

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 39

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement

Conductivity measurement works within a range of 15 to 600 nS. “ur” (under range) appears at the display for values below this range, and “OL” appears for value which exceed the range.

5.2.2 Low-Resistance Measurement with Constant Current (RPE)

RPE measurement is started by pressing the FUNC key twice with the selector switch in the  or nS position: This is a low-resistance measurement within a range of 0.01 to 60  with a constant current of approximately 3 mA. Open circuit voltage is roughly 9 V.

Zero balancing must be executed before performing this measurement.

Zero Balancing

Ð Plug the measurement cables into the instrument and connect

the free ends to each other.

Ð Briefly press the ZERO | ESC key.

Ð Zero balancing can be cleared by once again pressing the

ZERO | ESC key.

Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement

In the event of a measured value which exceeds the selected limit value, the system multimeter generates a continuous acoustic signal. The limit value can be adjusted in the “SET” menu in 0.1  steps (see also section 6.4):

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  r_pe

r _pe set: 00 .1 ... 00.3 ... 60 .9 , 0 L 

(0.3  = default setting)

40 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

COM

V Tem p



0V !

000.8



0.443

R < 1, 10, 20 ... 500 

FUNC

ENTER

Open circuit voltage: 3 V

5.3 Continuity Test with Constant Current of 1 mA

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Interference voltages distort measurement results!

Ð Set the rotary switch to .

Ð Connect the conductor path under test as shown.

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

“0 L” appears at the display in the case of an open connection. Open circuit voltage is approximately 3 V.

Limit Value for Volume Resistance

Depending upon the selected limit value, the multimeter generates a continuous acoustic signal in the case of continuity or short-circuiting, i.e. at a value of less than the selected limit value. The limit value can be adjusted in the “SET” menu (see also section 6.4):

(10 = default setting)

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 41

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  bEEP

bEEP set: 001, 010, 020 ... 500 

in 10 Ohm steps



Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

COM

V Tem p



Forward Direction Reverse Direction

0V !

0.654 0

up to 6.000 V

Measuring Range:

–

0.443

000.8



FUNC

ENTER

5.4 Diode Testing with Constant Current of 1 mA

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Interference voltages distort measurement results! Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of voltage with the help of the direct voltage measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to .

Ð Acknowledge by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.

Ð Connect the device under test as shown.

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Forward Direction and Short-Circuit

The instrument displays forward voltage in volts (display: 4 places). As long as voltage drop does not exceed the maximum display value of 6.0 V, several series connected components or reference diodes can be tested with a small reference voltage and Z-diodes.

Reverse Direction and Interruption

The measuring instrument indicates overload: “0 L”.

Resistors and semiconductor paths connected in parallel to the diode distort measurement results!

42 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

COM

V Tem p



Te mp

0023.3

°C

Temp

RTD

0256.0

°C

Pt1000

RTD

Measuring Range

TC K (NiCr-Ni) –250.0  + 1372.0 C

FUNC

ENTER

1.22.4

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.5 Temperature Measurement

Temperature measurement is performed with a type K thermocouple or a type Pt100 or Pt1000 resistance sensor (accessory, not included) which is connected to the voltage input.

Refer to section 6.4 regarding selection of the temperature unit of measure.

5.5.1 Measurement with Thermocouples, Temp TC

Ð Set the rotary switch to “Temp

The last selected temperature measurement or the last selected temperature sensor, i.e. type K or Pt100/Pt1000, remains in memory and is accordingly displayed. Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to change to the other measuring function.

Ð Either the internal reference junction or an external reference

temperature can be specified as the reference temperature (see section 6.4.3). Type (“I.” for internal or “E.” for external) and temperature of the selected reference junction appear at the right-hand auxiliary display during measurement.

The internal reference temperature (temperature of the internal reference junction) is measured by a temperature sensor inside of the instrument. This may deviate somewhat from room temperature as a result of internal heat-up, or moving from warmer to colder surroundings or vice versa.

”.

Ð Connect the sensor to the two accessible jacks. The instru-

ment displays the measured temperature using the selected unit of measure.

After previously performing a 10 A current measurement, the measuring instrument should be allowed to cool down for 30 minutes before performing measurements with thermocouples, in order to assure that the specified accuracy levels are achieved.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 43

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

COM

V Tem p



Te mp

Temp

RTD

00.00



short leads

Enter Cable Resistance

Automatic

RTD

Compensation

Measuring Ranges

RTD Pt100 –200.0  +850.0 C RTD Pt1000 –150.0  +850.0 C

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

ZERO

ESC

ZERO

ESC

FUNC

ENTER

00.50



0023.3

C

1.22.4

0256.0

°C

Pt1000

rleadsmeas

rleadsset

5.5.2 Measurement with Resistance Sensors

Ð Set the rotary switch to “Temp

The last selected temperature measurement or last selected temperature sensor, i.e. type K or Pt100/Pt1000, remains in memory and is displayed. Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to change to the other measuring function. The sensor type, i.e. Pt100 or Pt1000, is detected automatically and displayed. There are two different ways to compensate for cable resistance:

Automatic Compensation

Ð Press the ZERO | ESC key. The “short leads” display appears.

If you prefer to enter cable resistance directly, you can skip the following entry prompt.

Ð Short circuit the measuring instrument’s connector cables.

Entering Cable Resistance

Ð Press the ZERO | ESC key once again in the automatic compen-

Ð Enter the known resistance value of the connector cables with

Ð Upon pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, the selected value is acti-

44 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

“00.00” appears at the display. After pressing the FUNC | ENTER key, automatic compensation of cable resistance is activated for all subsequent measurements. The short-circuit can now be eliminated, and the device is ready for use.

sation menu.

the scroll keys: Select the digit to be changed with the and change the respectively selected digit with the The default value is 0.43  (Z3409). Values can be selected within a range of 0 to 50 .

vated and the display is returned to the measuring function. Cable resistance remains in memory even after the instrument has been switched off.

” or “Temp

RTD

”.

– / –

v w keys

 keys.

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

COM

V Tem p



0V !

20.00

–

60 nF ... 600 F

Measuring Ranges:

0.200

FUNC

ENTER

COM

V Tem p



6 km / 60 km

Cable Type = Constant!

5.6 Measuring Capacitance and Cable Length in km

Ð Disconnect supply power from the electrical circuit of the de-

vice to be measured, and discharge all high-voltage capacitors.

Ð Make sure that the device under test is voltage-free.

Capacitors must always be discharged before measurement is performed. Interference voltages distort measurement results! Refer to section 5.1.1 regarding testing for the absence of voltage with the help of the direct voltage measurement.

Ð Set the rotary switch to “ ” or m.

Ð Connect the (discharged!) device under test to the sockets

with the measurement cables as shown.

The “–” pole of polarized capacitors must be connected to the “^” jack. Resistors and semiconductor paths connected in parallel to the capacitor distort measurement results!

Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations during capacitance and cable length measurements!

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 45

This function is above all intended for the measurement of components. For telecommunication systems, it’s advisable to use the special capacitance measurement for measurements in symmetrical copper cable networks with the

METRAHITT- C O M PLUS cable multimeter.

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

Length (km) =

measured capacitance (nF) capacitance value (nF / km)

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

– / –

5.6.1 Cable Length Measurement in m

In the cable length measuring mode, the instrument calculates length as a function of the capacitance value entered by the user:

Preparation and execution of this measurement is the same as for capacitance measurement.

Ð Press the multifunction key (FUNC | ENTER) until

“k” and “m” (for kilometers) appear at the display.

Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations during capacitance and cable length measurements!

CAP – Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear electric constant)

With regard to adjusting the “CAP” scaling factor (capacitive linear electric constant), see also section 6.4.

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  CAP

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

When measuring cable length, make sure that the cable parameters (e.g. cross-section) are identical. Varying cable parameters, for example interconnected cables of varying type or cross-section, distort measurement results.

CAP set: 010 nF/km . . . 100 nF/km . . . 500 nF/km



(100 nF = default setting)

46 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

–/N

+/L

Power Consumer

COM

V Tem p



AmA

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.7

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive power – W, VA, VAr Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh

The METRAHIT ENERGY is a compact power meter for direct and

Significance of the Power Factor

1: no phase shifting

–(0 ... 0.99): capacitive; +(0 ... 0.99): inductive alternating current in single-phase systems. The current path can be measured directly (up to 10 A, max. 5 min., up to 16 A briefly

for max. 30 s), or with the help of current transformers or current clamp transformers.

Power Measuring Ranges (without current clamp; clamp factor can be calculated)

I / U range 0.6 V 6 V 60 V 600 V 600 μA 0.36 mW 3.6 mW 36 mW 0.36 W 6 mA 3.6 mW 36 mW 0.36 W 3.6 W 60 mA 36 mW 0.36 W 3.6 W 36 W

0.6 A — 3.6 W 36 W 0.36 kW 6 A — — 0.36 kW 3.6 kW 10 A (16 A) — — 0.6 kW (0.96 kW) 6 kW (9.6 kW)

Bandwidth up to 1 kHz; signal components of higher frequency are clipped by input filters.

The instrument automatically selects the measuring range which allows for highest possible resolution of the applied quantities. It’s also possible to lock in the automatically selected measuring range with the MAN / AUTO key. If the measuring range has been locked in, this selection is retained when the instrument is switched to the energy measuring mode.

A detailed description of the measuring range selection and the lock-in function is provided in section 4.1.2 „Power and Energy Measurements“ on page 17.

If the measuring instrument activates a measuring range which is too high during automatic measuring range selection, this may be due to peak value monitoring (see section 4.1.3 on page 17). Check the crest factor of the respective signal in V

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 47

AC+DC

or A

AC+DC

Ð First disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or

the power consumer, and discharge any capacitors.

Ð Set the rotary switch to W. The instrument displays RMS

values for voltage and current, as well as active power.

Ð You can switch the display back and forth amongst active,

reactive and apparent power with the  and  keys (including power factor).

Ð The extreme values can be displayed by pressing the DATA/MIN/

MAX key.

Ð Press the FUNC | ENTER key in order to measure active,

apparent and reactive power.

Ð Connect the current and voltage path as shown above.

Note:

See also section 4.5.2 „Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode“

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

COM

V Tem p



AmA

COM

V Tem p



AmA

SR9800

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Min-Max Function in Power Measurement

Instantaneous power is displayed with the switch in the W setting. The Min-Max function is activated with the DATA/MIN/MAX key. The minimum and maximum values for active, reactive an apparent power are display as of the beginning of the power measurement, along with time of occurrence (date and time). Previous Min-Max values can be cleared without exiting the function by pressing the ZERO key. This function differs from the general Min-Max function insofar as measurement is performed continuously in the background, even if the Min-Max display is not shown, and while the instrument is in the energy measuring mode.

Power Measurement with Current Clamp Transformers

In order to use current clamp transformers with current output for power measurement, it is necessary to set the clamp factor in menu (SEt CLiP) at a value of 1:1/10/100/1000, see section 6.4.3. Current clamp transformers usually allow for AC measurements only.

When reading the measured value, please take into account the additional error resulting from the current clamp transformer.

Power Measurement with Current Clamp Sensors

Alternatively, it is possible to perform the power measurement with current clamp sensor CP1800 including voltage output along with accessory SR9800*, see also section 5.8.3. In this case, the clamp factor must be set at a value of 1:1E6 or 1:1E7, respectively, see section 6.4.3. If you choose this option, you can also measure DC current.

The maximum permissible operating voltage is 300 V CAT III to earth.

* applicable for multimeters of the

METRAHIT ENERGY firmware version 2.xx

series as of

48 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

000.00

TRMS

000.0

Bandwidth:

... 1 kHz

000.0

000.00

TRMS

: 0.00

VAr

000.00

TRMS

000.0mV000.0

VAr

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

* With current clamp only

3.6 mW / 36 mW / 360 mW

3.6 W / 36 W / 360 W

3.6 kW / 6 kW / 36 kW* /

W measuring ranges:

360 kW* / 3.6 MW*

> 30 V AC or > 35 V DC:

Warnings regarding dangerous voltage:

PF measuring range:

–(0 ... 0.99): capacitive +(0 ... 0.99): inductive 1:

no phase shifting

10 A (max. 5 min.)

16 A (max. 30 s)

Overload capacity at 600 V:

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Power, and Power Factor – W, VA, VAr, PF

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 49

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

000.00

TRMS

000.00

TRMS

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

24:02:10

:21:

24:02:10

:33:

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

Minimum Values

Maximum Values

Momentary Values

000.00

TRMS

: 0.00

000.00

TRMS

000.00

TRMS

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

24:02:10

:33:

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

VAr

000.00

VAr

TRMS

VAr

000.00

TRMS

VAr

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

24:02:10

:33:

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

000.00

TRMS

000.0mV000.0

VAr

000.00

TRMS

000.0mV000.0

Min.

Long

24:02:10

:21:

Min.

24:02:10

:21:

Min.

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Long Long

VAr

ZERO

ESC

= Reset Delete all values

Measurement of Momentary, Minimum and Maximum Values for Active, Reactive and Apparent Power

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

50 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh

The instrument can be switched back and forth between energy and power measurement by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key. Energy measurement begins as soon as power or energy measurement has been started.

Measured values resulting from power or energy measurement can be reset by pressing and holding the ZERO | ESC key for longer than 1 second. This applies to the MEAN and MAX displays as well (mean power values and maximum mean power values).

Energy measurement is an integration of measured power over a period of time: If integration duration is long enough (negligible settling times), accuracy of the energy measurement corresponds to the measuring accuracy of the power measurement on which it is based.

Due to the fact that invalid values occur briefly during measuring range switching for current or voltage during power measurement, it’s advisable to lock into the largest measuring range during energy measurement in the event of frequent range changes.

Mean Power Values Mean power consumption can be displayed by pressing the DATA/

MIN/MAX key, which can be reset after an adjustable observation

period that can be configured in the menu under SEt > dEMAnd tiME. The observation period is selected synchronous to clock time, so that the mean value generating period for the first value is usually shorter than the selected observation period.

Example: demand time = 15 min., start time for first period: 16:36 => the first value is generated at 16:45, the second at 17:00 etc.

If the auto-send function has been activated and energy measurement has been selected, mean power consumption values are transmitted after this point in time, if the dEMAnd option has been selected in the menu under Set > Energy > Store.

Maximum Mean Value for Power Consumption

The maximum mean power consumption value during the observation period can be read out with date and ending time of the observation period by repeatedly pressing the DATA/MIN/MAX key (dEMAnd tiME parameter: see page 70).

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 51

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

000.00

TRMS

energy

00:00:00

000.00

TRMS

000.00

TRMS

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

FUNC

ENTER

mean

:00:

00:00:00

:00:

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

Mean

Maximum

Energy Values

000.00

TRMS

VAh

energy

00:00:00

000.00

TRMS

000.00

TRMS

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

mean

:00:

00:00:00

:00:

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

000.00

TRMS

VArh

energy

00:00:00

VAr

000.00

VAr

TRMS

VAr

000.00

TRMS

VAr

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

mean

:00:

00:00:00

:00:

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

Max.

W>Wh

VA h

VAr

ZERO

ESC

= Reset

Power Values

Mean Power

Values

Delete all Values

Long long (1 s)

Setup  dEMAnd

Observation Period

Time

Measurement of Energy Values, and Mean Power Values for Active, Reactive and Apparent Power

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

52 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.8 Current measurement

Notes Regarding Current Measurement

• The multimeter may only be operated with installed batteries or rechargeable batteries. Dangerous currents are otherwise not indicated,

Scope of Functions, Current Measurement, Direct Connection

Function Switch Position Measuring Range

Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP=OFF

and the instrument may be damaged.

• Set up the measuring circuit in a mechanically secure fashion, and secure it against inadvertent breaks. Select conductor cross-sections and lay out connections such that they do not overheat.

• An intermittent acoustic signal warns of current greater than 10 A. An continuous acoustic signal warns of current greater than 16 A.

• When measuring high current values, limit them to maximum 16 A for 30 seconds and allow the multimeter to cool down for 10 minutes between measurements.

• For purposes of orientation, internal temperature in close proximity to

A AC+DC TRMS A DC A /~ 600 A, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A A AC ~ A /~ 600 A, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A

Hz (A AC) A /~ ... 60 kHz

thd (A AC) A /~

Scope of Functions, Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor

Function Switch Position

Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP

A 600 A, 6/60/600 mA, 6 A / 10 (16) A

OFF

the jacks is displayed at the right-hand auxiliary display in the 6 A and 10 A or 16 A ranges.

• The input for the current measuring range is equipped with a fuse link. Use specified fuses only! The fuse must have a breaking capacity of at least 30 kA.

• If the fuse for the active current measuring range blows, “FvSE” appears at the digital display, and an acoustic signal is generated at the same time.

• If a fuse should blow, eliminate the cause of overload before placing the multimeter back into service!

A AC+DC V

A DC V

A AC V~

Hz (A AC) V~

thd (A AC)

Scope of Functions, Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer

Function Switch Position

Transformation ratio SEt menu, CliP

OFF

• Fuse replacement is described in section 9.3.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 53

A AC A /~

Hz (A AC) A /~

thd (A AC) A /~

A AC+DC A

A DC A /~

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

5.8.1 Direct Current Measurement

Measurement of Pulsating, Direct and Alternating Current, and Frequency A (DC+AC), A DC and A AC/Hz Direct, and Total Harmonic Distortion

Ð First disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or

the power consumer (1), and discharge any capacitors. See circuit diagram on next page.

Ð In accordance with the current to be measured, set the rotary

switch to A or A /~.

Set the CL iP parameter to 0FF in the current clamp setup menu. Otherwise all displayed measured values are corrected by the amount resulting from the selected transformation ratio for an interconnected current clamp transformer. The clamp symbol is also displayed. Refer to

5.8.2, “Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor”

section

;

regarding adjustment.

Ð Select the type of current appropriate for the measured quan-

tity by briefly pressing the FUNC | ENTER multifunction key. Each time the key is pressed, the instrument is switched back and forth between A (DC + AC)

, ADC, AAC

TRMS

/Hz and % thd, which is indicated by means of an acoustic signal. The current type is indicated at the LCD by means of the (DC+AC)

TRMS

, DC or AC

TRMS

symbol. thd measurement: Total harmonic distortion appears at the main display as a percentage relative to the fundamental harmonic, and the total RMS value of distortion appears at the right-hand auxiliary display in A.

Ð Safely connect the measuring instrument (without contact re-

sistance) in series to the power consumer (2) as shown.

Ð Switch supply power to the measuring circuit back on (3).

Ð Read the display. Make a note of the measured value if the in-

strument is not being operated in the memory mode or the transmission mode.

Ð Disconnect supply power from the measuring circuit or the

power consumer (1) once again, and discharge any capacitors.

Ð Remove the test probes from the measuring point and return

the measuring circuit to its normal condition.

Crest Factor Display

Crest factor is displayed for current in the A (AC+DC) function simultaneously along with the measured current value. The peak current value is measured simultaneously in a separate measuring circuit to this end, and crest factor is displayed within a range of

1.0 to 11.0. This value indicates the quality of the applied signal. The only pre-

requisite is a periodic signal with a valid frequency (see table). Measuring range: 1.0

 CF  11.0; resolution: 0.1

Typical (not specified) maximum deviation for signals greater than 5% of the measuring range:

Frequency CF  3.0 3.0 < CF  5.0 5.0 < CF  10.0

10 to 70 Hz  02 0.2 0.5

70 to 440 Hz 02 0.5 Not valid

440 Hz to 1 kHz 05 Not valid Not valid

> 1 kHz: Not valid Not valid Not valid

54 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Harmonic Analysis – Total Harmonic Distortion THD

With 32 sampled values per mains period (16.7; 50; 60 or 400 Hz can be selected in the menu), harmonic analysis is executed approximately once per second. FFT (fast Fourier transformation) makes oscillations up to the 15 These are used to calculate the RMS values of the fundamental harmonic (HD 1) and the individual higher harmonics (HD 2 ... 15), as well as total harmonic distortion (THD). RMS values and distortion components are displayed in each case (RMS values relative to the RMS value of the fundamental harmonic).

Due to the fact that the TRMS system multimeter is not equipped with a special anti-aliasing filter, existing distortion above the 16 harmonic may influence measurement results for the higher harmonics.

Parameters for Harmonic Analysis

Ð Before measurement, please select the fundamental mains fre-

quency from the HARM menu with the help of the HARM.F parameter, namely 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz (50 Hz = default setting) (see

section 6.4, “Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu”

harmonic available to this end.

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 55

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

000.00

600 A / 6 mA 60 mA / 600 mA 6 A* / 10 A* (16 A max. 30 s)

8.8.8.8.8

A measuring range:

Current measurement may only be performed with installed batteries!

000.00

Cf: 01.0

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

000.00

000.0

TRMS

thd

000

Hz measuring range:

1 ... 60 kHz

CL ip

0ff

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

100.0

TRMS

harm:1 000

Fundam. harmonic: 1st harmonic

COM

AmA

I > 10 A

I > 16 A

Current

HArM

Line frequency: harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz Measuring range: 1.range: 600μA/6 /60 /600mA/6 /10 A/auto

Parameters for harmonic analysis:

Crest factor CF: 1 ... 11%

Frequency

Total RMS value

of distortion in A

HArM:1 RMS value of fund. harmonic in A

000.0

TRMS

harm:2 000

Harmonics: 2 ... 15

RMS value, 2nd harmonic

100% for fund. harmonic

Distortion through 2

harmonic

thd: total distortion as percentage

relative to fundamental harmonic

AμA

Aμ

ZERO

ESC

24.6°

24.6° C

Additional temperature display (internal temperature at jacks) in the 6 A and 10 A ranges

TRMS

56 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

1kHz

[PQ]

Current

COM

V Tem p



Ri  9 M R

 17 M (DC)

> 600 V:

> 30 V AC / > 35 V DC:

Max. 600 V (< 10 kHz)

max. 100 V (> 10 kHz)

max

= 6 x 106 V x Hz

5.8.2 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor

Voltage/Current Transformer Output

When a current clamp sensor is connected to the system multimeter (V input), all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prerequisite is that the current sensor is equipped with at least one of the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has been

Cl ip 

0FF

previously selected in the following menu ( section 6.4).

Current Clamp Setup Menu

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  CLIP

CLIP set: 1:1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff 

) (see also

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Tra ns. R a tio

CL IP

1:1

1 m V / 1 mA

1:10

1 mV / 10 mA

1:100

1 mV / 100 mA

1:1000

1 mV / 1 A

The maximum allowable operating voltage is equal to the nominal voltage of the current transformer. When reading the measured value, additional error resulting from the current clamp sensor

DMM Measuring Range Clamp Types

600 mV 6 V 60 V

600.00 mA 6.0000 A 60.000 A WZ12C

6.0000 A 60.000 A 600.00 A

60.000 A 600.00 A 6000.0 A

600.00 A 6000.0 A 60000 A

WZ12B, Z201A/B, METRAFLEX

Z202A/B, METRAFLEX

Z202A/B, Z203A/B, WZ12C, METRAFLEX

Harmonic Analysis with Current Clamp Sensor

Parameters for harmonic analysis: See section 6.4.6 on page 73.

must also be taken into consideration (default setting: Cl ip 0FF).

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 57

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

050.00

FUNC

ENTER

1kHz

1:1000

CL ip  0FF

TRMS

100.50

TRMS

1:1000

050.00

000.00

FUNC

ENTER

1:1000

CL ip  0FF

000.00

TRMS

1:1000

Cf: 01.0

[PQ]

000.0

TRMS

thd

000

1:1000

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

000.0

TRMS

harm:2 000

100.0

TRMS

harm:1 000

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

ZERO

ESC

Harmonics: 3 ... 15

1:1000

CL ip  0FF

Parameters: set > harm > harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Alternating Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor – A AC and Hz

Direct and Pulsating Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor – A DC and A (DC+AC)

58 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Harmonic Analysis with Current Clamp Sensor – thd and A AC

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

COM

AmA

Ri  3



Strom

Current

SR9800

CLiP = 1:1/10/100/1000 * 10k (SETUP: 1:1E4/1E5/1E6/1E7)

60 mA / 600 mA / 6 A bis 0,7 A dauernd

8.8.8.8.8

A measuring range:

Current measurement may only be performed with installed batteries!

10 A 5 min

CP1800

5.8.3

Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor SR9800

Voltage/Current Transformer Output

When a current clamp sensor CP1800 is connected to the system multimeter (mA/A input) via shunt resistor SR9800 (see Accessories, section 10.5) , all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prerequisite is that the current sensor is equipped with at least one of the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has been previously selected in the following menu ( also section 6.4).

Current Clamp Setup Menu

Trans. Ratio of Clamp

The maximum permissible operating voltage is 300 V CAT I I I to earth.

(default setting: Cl ip 0FF)

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  CLIP

1E5 /1E6 /1E7 /0ff 

6,0000 A

60,000 A

600,00 A

6000,0 A

Current

Measuring

Ranges

1:1 V/A

1:10 V/A

1:100 V/A

1:1000 V/A

CLIP set: 1 :1E4

Display / SETUP Menu CLiP

1:1 *10k

1:1E4

1:10 *10k

1:1E5

1:100 *10k

1:1E6

1:1000 *10k

1:1E7

Cl ip 

Clamp Types

CP1800

& Shunt Resistor

0FF

) (see

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 59

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

Note

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

– / –

5.8.4 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer

Alternating Current Measurement and Total Harmonic Distortion, Direct and Pulsating Current – A AC and thd, A DC, A AC+DC

Current/Current Transformer Output

When a current clamp transformer is connected to the multimeter ( mA/A input) all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio. The only prerequisite is that the current transformer is equipped with at least one of the below listed transformation ratios, and that the ratio has been previously selected in the following menu (Cl ip 0FF) (see also section 6.4).

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

Tra ns. R a tio

CL IP

1:1

1 mA / 1 mA

1:10

1 mA / 10 mA

1:100

1 mA / 100 mA

1:1000

1 mA / 1 A

DMM Measuring Range Clamp Types

60 mA AC 600 mA AC 6 A AC

60.000 mA 600.00 mA 6.0000 A

600.00 mA 6.0000 A 60.000 A

6.0000 A 60.000 A 600.00 A

60.000 A 600.00 A 6000.0 A

WZ12A, WZ12D, WZ11A, Z3511, Z3512, Z3514

The order of the measuring functions for switch position A

(default setting: Cl ip 0FF)

is changed when a clip factor is selected: The two AC measuring functions, A AC and thd (A AC), are moved to the beginning, because DC current cannot be measured with common current clamp transformers.

Current Clamp Setup Menu

 ...  SET system  ...  CLIP

1nFo

CL IP set: 1:1 / 10/100/1000 / 0ff 

60 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Measurements: V/Hz/dB – PQ/ – MHz/% – /nS/RSL

COM

AmA

00.000

TRMS

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

00.000

TRMS

000.0

thd

00.0

MAN / AUTO

DATA/MIN/MAX

100.0

TRMS

harm:100

Fundam. harmonic: 1st harmonic

HArM

Line frequency: set > harm > harm .f: 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz Measuring range: set > harm > U.range: 600mV/6 /60 /600V/auto

Parameters for harmonic analysis:

HArM:1 RMS value of the fundam. harmonic in A

000.0

TRMS

harm:200

Harmonics: 2 ... 15

RMS value. 2nd harmonic

100% for fundam. harmonic

Distortion through 2

harmonic

CLiP = 1:1/10/100/1000

1:1000

000.00

Cf: 01.0

Current

3 

60 mA / 600 mA / 6 A to 0.7 A continuous

8.8.8.8.8

A measuring range:

Current measurement may only be performed with installed batteries!

10 A 5 min

Measuring range: set > harm >1.range: 600μA/6 /60 /600mA/6 /10 A/auto

TRMS

– / –

Temp – /m – W/Wh – A/Hz/thd

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 61

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

6 Device and Measuring Parameters

The instrument’s “SET” mode (menu mode) makes it possible to set operating and measuring parameters, query information and activate the interface.

Ð The menu mode is accessed by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP

key, assuming that the instrument is switched on and set to “Measure” (measuring mode operation). “1nFo” appears at the display.

Ð The main menus, i.e. the “SET”, “ SEnd” and “StorE” menus, are

accessed, and the display is returned to “1nFo” by repeatedly activating the

Ð After selecting the desired main menu, sub-menus are ac-

cessed by pressing the FUNC | ENTER key.

Ð The desired parameter is selected by repeatedly pressing the

 keys.

Ð In order to change a parameter, acknowledge it with the

FUNC | ENTER key, after which “SET” appears in the right-hand auxiliary display.

Ð The

  keys can be used to position the cursor at the entry

position. The desired value is selected with the help of the

Ð Changes can only be accepted with the FUNC | ENTER key, after

which “SET” is cleared from the display.

Ð You can return to the sub-menu without making any changes

by pressing the ZERO | ESC key, and to the main menu by pressing the ZERO | ESC key once again.

  keys (in any direction).

 keys.

After repeatedly pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key (without first turning the multimeter off), you can return to the last selected menu or parameter from the measuring mode.

The instrument is returned to measuring mode operation by pressing the MEASURE | SETUP key.

Example: Setting Time

1nFo

 ...  set System

System t iME10:24:35

tiME set: 10:24:35 (hh:mm:ss)

 

Setting hours and minutes:

   Change the setting, the entry position blinks.

Advance to desired entry position.

Press and hold the key

to change the setting rapidly. The new time setting is activated after acknowledgment.

62 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

6.1 Paths to the Various Parameters

bAtt: 0CCvP: t iME

//date:

ver

/caldat:

tEMP intern:

1nFo

SEnd

SET

StorE

StArt StoP

Submenus / parameters 

Main Menus 

Query

Select /

Set

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

1nfo

MEASURE

SETUP

200.00

AC TRMS

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

system events CLiP bEEP r_sl Cap dbref tempunit tempintern mains harm energy

tiMe, dAtE, Addr, irStb , APoFF, blight, 0. disp

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

StArt/StoP CLEAr: yes

/no

hyst rate trig t. store

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

demand time, store

harm .f, v.range, 1.range

mains .f, 1 range, lovolt limit , hivolt limit, dip limit , swell limit, peak limit, trans limit

Acknowledge

FUNC

ENTER

h-trig , l-trig, events rate

set

Select / set

Cf: 01.0

Device and Measuring Parameters

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 63

Device and Measuring Parameters

6.2 List of all Parameters, Main Menus and Submenus

Menus

Parameters

0. disp 67: 0.diSP – Show/Hide Leading Zeros SEt/SYStEM All Addr 78: Configuring Interface Parameters SEt/SYStEM Interface operation APoFF 66: APoFF – Specified Time for Automatic Shutdown and Continuous On SEt/SYStEM All except PQ, W and Wh bAtt 65: bAtt – Query Battery Voltage InFo Parameters query / all bEEP 68: bEEP – Set Limit Value for Continuity Testing SEt blight 67: bLiGht – Disable Deactivation of Background Illumination SEt/SYStEM All Cap 68: CAP – CLEAr 22: Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function StorE Memory mode operation CLAMP 68: CLiP – Set Transformation Ratio (current clamp factor) SEt A dAtE 65: tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date, 66: dAtE – Enter Date SEt/SYStEM All dBrEF 68: dbrEF – Set Reference Value for Alternating Voltage Level Measurement SEt dB

demand time

diplimit 71: SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages SEt/MAinS PQ energy 70: EnErGY Submenu SEt/EnErGY W/VA/VAr

energy Store

events harm hivolt hyst 75: HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation) StorE Memory mode operation 1nfo 65: Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) InFo Parameters query / all irStb 78: Configuring Interface Parameters SEt/SYStEM Interface lovolt 71: LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds SEt/MAinS PQ

mains mains. f

mains Range 71: MAinS rAnGE – Select a Measuring Range for Mains Disturbance Recording SEt/MAinS PQ 0CCvP 65: Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters) InFo Memory occupancy / all rAtE r_sl

SEnd 77: Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode SEnd Interface operation SET 66: Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu SEt Parameters menu StArt

Store 74: StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation StorE

Page: Header

Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear electric constant)

70: dEMAnd tiME – Time Interval for Mean Value Generation (parameter for power measurement in memory mode) SEt/EnErGY W/VA/VAr

70: EnErGY StorE – Scope of Stored Values for Power and Energy Measurements SEt/EnErGY W/VA/VAr 67: EVEntS – Event Counter Sampling Rate and Trigger Thresholds 73: HArM – Harmonic Analysis Parameter

71:

LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds

71: MAinS – Mains Disturbance Recording Parameter SEt/MAinS PQ 71: MAinS.F – Select Line Frequency SEt/MAinS PQ

74: rAtE

–

68: r_SL – Set Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement

22: Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function

Transmission and Storage Rate

Menu / Submenu Function / Switch Position

SEt m

SEt/EVEntS V V SEt/HArM A/~ (THD) SEt/MAinS PQ

SEt/EnErGY Memory mode operation SEt

StorE



Memory mode operationStoP StorE

64 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

Menus

Parameters

Swell 71: SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages SEt/MAinS PQ system 66: SYSTEM Submenu SEt/SYStEM All tEMPintern 65: tEMP intErn – Query Reference Temperature InFo Temp TC/RTD tEMPintern tEMpunit 68: tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature SEt Temp TC/RTD t iME 65: tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date, 66: tiME – Set Time SEt/SYStEM All trig 75: triG – Trigger Conditions for Memory Mode Operation StorE Memory Mode Operation tstore 76: tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation) StorE Memory Mode Operation vErSion 65: vErSion /cALdAt – Query Firmware Version and Calibration Date InFo Parameters query

Page: Header

69: tEMP intErn/ExtErn – Select Internal or External Reference Junction External Reference Junction: Specified Temperature

Menu / Submenu Function / Switch Position

SEt Temp TC/RTD

6.3 Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters)

bAtt – Query Battery Voltage

1nFo bAtt: 2.75 V.

OCCUP – Query Memory Occupancy

1nFo

bAtt: s ... s

tiME /dAtE – Query Time/Date

1nFo

bAtt: 

0CCvP: 000.0

... 

dAtE: 31.12.2009 (DD.MM.YY)

vErSion /cALdAt – Query Firmware Version and Calibration Date

1nFo bAtt:  ...  caldat :

31.02.10

VEr

: 1.00

tEMP intErn – Query Reference Temperature

The temperature of the internal reference junction is measured with a temperature sensor in close proximity to the input sockets.



... 

1nFo bAtt:

1tEMP intern : 24

°C

t iME: 13:46:56 (hh:mm:ss)

h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds D = day, M = month, Y = year

Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 65

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

6.4 Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu

6.4.1 SYSTEM Submenu

tiME – Set Time

Entering the correct time makes it possible to acquire measured values in real-time.

 ...  SET system

1nFo

system t iME

10:24:34 (hh:mm:ss)

 

Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.

dAtE – Enter Date

Entering the current date makes it possible to acquire measured values in real-time.

 ...  SET system

1nFo

system t iME

dAte set 22.02. (DD: day . MM: month)

 ...  dAte

 

2010 (YYYY: year)   Date and time must be reentered after replacing the batteries.

Addr – Set Device Address

See section 7.2 on page 78.

irStb – Status of the Infrared Receiver in the Stand-By Mode

See section 7.2 on page 78 regarding settings.

APoFF – Specified Time for Automatic Shutdown and Continuous On

The instrument is switched off automatically if the measured value remains unchanged for a long period of time and if none of the keys or the rotary switch have been activated before the specified “APoFF” time (entered in minutes) has elapsed.

Automatic shutdown is disabled in the following operating modes: continuous operation, mains analysis, power or energy measurement and whenever dangerous contact voltage (U > 30 V AC or U > 35 V DC) is applied to the input (exception: memory mode).

If the on setting is selected, the multimeter is set to continuous operation and

ON appears in the display to the right of the battery

symbol. In this case, the multimeter can only be switched off manually. The “on” setting can only be canceled by changing the respective parameter, or by switching the instrument off manually. In this case, the parameter is reset to 10 minutes.

1nFo

 ...  SET system

system t iME  ...  system APoFF

APoFF set: 1 ... 59 min on



(10 minutes = default setting)

66 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

Note

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

bLiGht – Disable Deactivation of Background Illumination

If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with this parameter setting or via the interface.

 ...  SET system

1nFo

system t iME

blight set: apoff / on

 ...  system blight



Each time the instrument is switched on, the bLiGht parameter is reset to bLiGht = APoFF!

0.diSP – Show/Hide Leading Zeros

This parameter determines whether or not leading zeros will appear in the measured value display.

 ...  SET system

1nFo

system t iME

 ...  system 0.diSP 0.diSP set:

00000.0 : with leading zeros (default value)

0.0 : leading zeros suppressed

6.4.2 EVEntS Submenu

EVEntS – Event Counter Sampling Rate and Trigger Thresholds

An event is recorded whenever at least one measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold, and subsequently at least one measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold. Voltage signals with a repetition frequency of less than 500 Hz, or less than 2 Hz, are recorded (events rate of 0.001 or 0.5 seconds).

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  events

events trig/events rate DC



h-trig set : -60000 ... +60000 

l-trig set : -60000 ... +60000 

events rate : 0 .. 001 /0.. 5 s 



GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 67

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

6.4.3 General Parameters

CLiP – Set Transformation Ratio (current clamp factor)

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  CL IP

CL IP set: 1 / 10/100/1000 /

* Clamp factors 1:1E4 to 1:1E7 correspond to clamp factors 1:1 to 1:1000 when us-

ing shunt resistor SR9800, see also section 5.8.3

1E4*/1E5*/1E6*/1E7*

0ff

bEEP – Set Limit Value for Continuity Testing

 ...  SET system  ...  bEEP

1nFo

bEEP set: 001, 010, 020 ... 500 



in 10 Ohm steps

(10  = default setting)

r_SL – Set Limit Value for Low-Resistance Measurement

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  r _sl

r _sl set: 00 .1 ... 00.3 ... 60 .9 , 0 L



CAP –

Scaling Factor for Cable Length Measurement (capacitive linear

electric constant)

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  CAP

CAP set: 010 nF/km . . . 100 nF/km . . . 500 nF/km 

(100 nF/km = default setting)

dbrEF – Set Reference Value for Alternating Voltage Level Measurement

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  dbrEF

dbrEF set: 00 .. 001 ... 99 .. 999 V 

(0.775 V = default setting)

tEMP unit – Select a Unit of Measure for Temperature

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  tEMP un it

un it set: °C / °F



(°C = default setting)

(0.3  = default setting)

68 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

tEMP intErn/ExtErn – Select Internal or External Reference Junction

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

External Reference Junction: Specified Temperature

1nFo  ...  SET system  ...  tEMP intern

Device and Measuring Parameters

tEMP set: tEMP intern / tempextern

extern set: 000 .. 0 °C



(internal reference = default setting)



GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 69

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

6.4.4 EnErGY Submenu

dEMAnd tiME – Time Interval for Mean Value Generation (parameter for power measurement in memory mode)

The dEMAnd tiME parameter specifies the length of the time period during which measured power is averaged for the display of a mean power value (see section 5.7 on page 47).

 ...  SET system  ...  energy

1nFo

demand time : 00 .. 01 /00 .. 02/00 .. 05/00 .. 10/00 .. 15/00 .. 20/00 .. 30

01 .. 00 (hh:mm) 

(15 min = default setting)

EnErGY StorE – Scope of Stored Values for Power and Energy Measurements

The StorE parameter (mode) can be used to specify which values will be saved to memory during power and energy measurements when memory mode operation is active. There are three possibilities:

• Normal (default setting): Momentary values for current, voltage, active, reactive and apparent power, as well as power factor, are acquired and saved to memory at the selected sampling rate (rAtE parameter, at least 0.5 s).

• Demand: Mean power values for active, reactive and apparent power are saved to memory at the end of each observation period as specified with the dEMAnd tiME parameter.

• All: Momentary values are saved at the selected sampling rate and mean power values are saved at the end of each observation period.

70 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

6.4.5 MAinS Submenu

MAinS – Mains Disturbance Recording Parameter

1nFo

 ...  SET system  ...  mains

MAinS.F – Select Line Frequency

Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS half-cycle value:

mains .f set : 50 /60 Hz



MAinS rAnGE – Select a Measuring Range for Mains Disturbance Recording

Mains disturbance recording takes place within the specified, fixed measuring range. Exception: Event type +/–trAnS is always detected within the 200 to 1000 V range.

range set : 6 . 0000/60 . 000/600 .00 V



LoVolt and HiVolt – Trigger Thresholds

You can specify the limits within which AC+DC TRMS voltage must lie in the following two displays. If these limits are exceeded or fallen short of, a HiVolt or a LoVolt event is recorded.

These limits are specified in digits independent of range, and 60,000 digits correspond to the full measuring range span.

lovolt limit : 00 000 ... . 60 000 Digit



hivolt limit : 00 000 ... .60 000 Digit 

SwELL and diP Limit – Trigger Thresholds for Brief Overvoltages and Undervoltages

A TRMS half-cycle value is calculated for each of the signal’s halfcycles. If this value is less than the selected lower limit (diP Limit) or greater than the upper limit (SwELL Limit), a dip or swell event is recorded.

The entry is made in digits, and 60,000 digits correspond to the full measuring range span.

dip limit : 00 000 ... . 60 000 Digit

swell limit : 000 00 ... . 60 000 Digit



GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 71

Device and Measuring Parameters

Note

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

PEAK LiMit – Maximum Peak Value for Measuring Voltage

The momentary value of the applied signal is measured 1200 times per second and compared with the limit selected here (independent of polarity). If this value exceeds the selected limit, a +/– PEAK event is recorded for the respective half-cycle, and the peak voltage value of the half-cycle is then displayed.

The limit is specified in digits: Due to the fact that this value is the peak voltage value, a value which is greater than the measuring range span (which corresponds to 60,000 digits) can be selected.

peak limit : 000 000 ... .100 000 Digit



Due to the fact that it’s possible to record one +PEAK and one –PEAK event for each half-cycle, as many as 200 or 240 events can occur per second if the limit is set too low!

Steep Sloped Voltage Transients

A trigger threshold can be specified here as an absolute value for steep sloped voltage transients which are superimposed to mains voltage. This is a polarity-independent entry relative to the momentary value. Regardless of the selected measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 to 1000 V.

trans limit : 200 ... . 600 V



72 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

6.4.6 HArM Submenu

Note

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

HArM – Harmonic Analysis Parameter

In order to analyze the measuring signal’s harmonics, its fundamental frequency must be specified wit the HARM.F parameter.

Due to the fact that the MAN key is used for another purpose in the harmonic analysis function, it cannot be used to switch back and forth between automatic and manual range selection. For this reason, the U.ranGE and I.ranGE parameters are used to specify a measuring range for harmonic analysis:

• U.Range (I.range) = auto: Automatic range selection is used at the voltage jack (current jack) for harmonic analysis.

• U.range (I.range)  auto: Manual range selection is enabled at the voltage jack (current jack) for harmonic analysis, and the selected range is used. The range can be changed with the left and right scroll keys.

 ...  SET system  ...  harm

1nFo

Device and Measuring Parameters

Clip factor and type are not taken into consideration for this range selection, and the actual measuring range is selected instead.

harm .f set : 16 .7 /50 /60 /400 Hz

v.range set : 600 mV/6 /60 /600 V/auto



1.range set : 600 μA/6 /60 /600 mA/6 /10 A/auto 

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 73

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

6.4.7 StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation

rAtE – Transmission and Storage Rate

The sampling rate specifies the time interval after which the respective measured value is transmitted to the interface, or to measured value memory.

The following rates (ms values) can be selected:

0.0005 s, 0.001 s, 0.002 s, 0.005 s, 0.01 s, 0.02 s, 0.05 s (valid for V DC and A DC only, see section 4.5.1 on page 24)

[mm:ss.z] 00:00.1, 00:00.2, 00:00.5, 00:01.0, 00:02.0, 00:05.0 [h:mm:ss.z] (h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds , z= tenths of a second)

0:00:10, 0:00:20, 0:00:30, 0:00:40, 0:00:50, 0:01:00, 0:02:00, 0:05:00, 0:10:00, 0:20:00, 0:30:00, 0:40:00, 0:50:00, 1:00:00, 2:00:00, 3:00:00, 4:00:00, 5:00:00, 6:00:00, 7:00:00, 8:00:00, 9:00:00, SAMPLE, dAtA

Setting the Sampling Rate

1nFo



... 

store  ...  rAtE

set: 00:00.1 ... 00:00.5 ... 9:00:00 sample data 

(00:00.5 = 0.5 s = default value)

If a sampling rate is selected which is greater than auto power off time (see APoFF parameter on page 66), the instrument is switched off automatically after auto power off time has elapsed, and back on again roughly 10 seconds before the next measuring point.

Storage of Individual Values Using the SAMPLE or dAtA Sampling Rate

The last selected value is retained, even after switching the instrument off.

If the selected sampling rate is too short for the measuring function, the smallest valid sampling rate is used automatically.

74 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Device and Measuring Parameters

Note

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

HYSt – Hysteresis (parameter for memory mode operation)

The hysteresis setting allows for efficient use of memory space. During memory mode operation, new measured data are only saved if they deviate from the previously stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value.

Hysteresis can be selected in steps from 1 to 10,000 digits. These digits are related to the measuring range as follows: The position of the set digit in the specified hysteresis value corresponds to the same position within the measuring range, although counting is started at the left

Example: A specified hysteresis of 00100 for the 600.00 V measuring range means that only those measured values which deviate from the last measured value by more than 001.00 V are saved to memory.

Due to the fact that the value is specified in digits (highest place all the way to the left), and thus depends on the measuring range, it’s advisable to use the function with a fixed measuring range only.

1nFo

 ...  store  ...  hyst

hyst set: 00000 ... 10000  

triG – Trigger Conditions for Memory Mode Operation

The setting StorE > triG SEt = sto-ou / sto-in / off can be used to specify how measured value recording is started and stopped:

• trig = off: Recording is started with Store > Start and stopped with Store > Stop.

• trig = sto-ou: Recording is started as soon as a measured value occurs which is outside of the selected measuring limits, and is stopped as soon as the measuring limits are once again complied with, or the selected recording period has elapsed.

• trig = sto-in: Recording is started as soon as a measured value occurs which is within a specified band, and is stopped as soon as this is no longer the case, or after the maximum recording period has elapsed.

This band is specified with the help of the L_triG lower limit and the H_triG upper limit. Querying takes place in the event that trig off is selected. Bandwidths are specified in digits and defined by the measuring range limit, which, in the case of V DC for example, corresponds to 60,000 (–60,000 to +60,000). In measuring functions with a small measuring range span (e.g. dB with 6,000 digits), it is not useful to set the trigger threshold above this measuring range span. It’s thus advisable to perform measurement with a fixed measuring range. Due to the fact that rapid momentary value acquisition (see section 4.5.1) has a large measuring range span, limit values of greater than 60,000 digits can be selected.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 75

Device and Measuring Parameters

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

ZERO

ESC

ON / OFF

LIGHT

Actual measurement is always executed using the sampling rate selected in “Store > rAtE”.

1nFo

 ...  store  ...  trig

trig set : sto-ou / sto-in / off

l_trig set : -300000 ... +300000

h_trig set : -300000 ... +300000



tStorE – Recording Time (parameter for memory mode operation)

This parameter determines whether or not measured values will be recorded for a limited time only. If recording time will be limited, its duration can be entered in hours, minutes and seconds. “On” means unlimited recording time.

1nFo  ...  store  ...  t .store

t .store set : on /99:00:00 (hh:mm:ss)



After completion of the recording time t.StorE, the end of the storage process is signalled by 2 short acoustic signals (as from firmware version V1.14).

6.5 Default Settings (factory settings) – Reset

Previously entered changes can be undone, and default settings can be restored. This may be advisable under the following circumstances:

• After the occurrence of software or hardware errors

• If you are under the impression that the multimeter does not work correctly

Ð Disconnect the device from the measuring circuit.

Ð Remove the batteries temporarily (see also section 9.2).

Ð Simultaneously press and hold the and

keys, and connect the battery at the same time.

76 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Interface Operation

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

7 Interface Operation

Your instrument is equipped with an infrared interface: Data and commands are transferred through the instrument housing by means of infrared light to an interface adapter (accessory) which is plugged onto the multimeter and connected to a PC via USB.

The multimeter can be controlled by the PC via this interface without any action required from the user (e.g. operation of the rotary switch or keys) in order to:

• Configure and read out measuring parameters

• Select a measuring function and a measuring range

• Start measurement

• Read out stored measured values

7.1 Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode

The interface is automatically activated for receiving operation (multimeter receives data from the PC) as soon as the interface is addressed by the PC, assuming that the “1rStb” parameter has been set to “on” (see section 7.2), or the instrument is already switched on (the first command wakes up the multimeter, but does not yet execute any further commands).

The “continuous transmission” operating mode is selected manually as described below. When set to this operating mode, the instrument continuously transmits the following data at the sampling rate selected under StorE > rAtE:

• Momentary measured value(s)

• Measuring function

• Measuring range(s)

Starting Continuous Transmission Operation with Menu Functions

1nFo

 ...  SEnd StArt send

The symbol blinks at the display in order to indicate interface operation.

Stopping Continuous Transmission Operation with Menu Functions

 ...  SEnd stop

1nFo

stop send

The symbol is cleared from the display.

Automatic Activation and Deactivation of Transmission Mode Operation

If the sampling rate is 10 minutes or longer, the display is switched off automatically between samples in order to prolong battery service life. The only exception is when the multimeter is set to continuous operation. As soon as an event occurs, the display is automatically switched back on, and then off again.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 77

Interface Operation

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

FUNC

ENTER

7.2 Configuring Interface Parameters

1rStb – Status of the Infrared Receiver in the Stand-by Mode There are two possible switching statuses for the infrared interface

when the multimeter is switched off: on: IR appears at the display and the infrared interface is

active, i.e. signals such as making commands can be received, and power is consumed even though the multimeter is switched off.

oFF: IR does not appear at the display and the infrared

interface is switched off; signals cannot be received.

1nFo

 ...  SET system 

system time

 ...  system irStb

irstb set : off /on



(on = default value, oFF = status upon delivery)

Addr – Address

If several multimeters are connected to the PC via an interface adapter, a separate address can be assigned to each instrument. Address number 1 should be selected for the first instrument, 2 should be assigned to the second and so forth.

1nFo

 ...  SET system 

system time

 ...  system addr

addr set : 00 ... 01 ... 15



(15 = default setting)

78 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

8 Technical Data

Meas.

Function

SR9800

Measuring Range

60 mV 1 V 0.02 + 15 with ZERO — —

600 mV 10 V  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 with ZERO 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

dB 0.6 ... 600 V~ 0.01 dB – 48 dB ... +58 dB 0.1 dB (U > 10% MR)

with



nS 600 nS 0.1 nS < 1.4 V 0.45 A 2 + 10 (as of 3% MR)

RPE 60  001  9 V Approx. 3 mA 1 + 5 with ZERO function active

600  —0.1 Approx. 3.2 V Approx. 1 mA const. 1 + 5 with ZERO function active

6 V 100 V  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

60 V 1 mV  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

600 V 10 mV  17 M9M // < 50 pF 0.02 + 15 0.2 + 30 1 + 30

Factor: 1:1/10/100/1000

0,06/0,6/6/60 A 60 mA 3 

0,6/6/60/600 A 600 mA 0,4  0.7 A continuous

6/60/600/6 000 A 6 A

0,6/6/60/600 A

6/60/600/6000 A

60/600/6000/60 000A

6/60/600/6000A

600  10 m < 1.4 V Approx. 250 A

6k 100 m < 1.4 V Approx. 60 A0.1 + 5

60 k 1  < 1.4 V Approx. 7 A0.1 + 5

600 k 10  < 1.4 V Approx. 0.8 A0.2 + 5

6M 100  < 1.4 V Approx. 180 nA 0.5 + 5

60 M 1k < 1.4 V Approx. 15 nA 2.0 + 10 (battery operation)

6,0 V

Resolution at Upper

Range Limit

60,000 6,000 ~ / ~

600 mA 10 nA 60 mV 60 mV 0.1 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

6 mA 100 nA 160 mV 160 mV 0.05 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

60 mA 1 A 180 mV 180 mV 0.05 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

600 mA 10 A 250 mV 250 mV 0.1 + 20 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

6 A 100 A 360 mV 360 mV 0.2 + 30 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

10 A 1 A 600 mV 600 mV 0.2 + 30 0.5 + 25 1.0 + 30

Input Input impedance

600 mV

60 V

6 V an

Adapter SR9800

Open-circuit voltage

— 1 mV Approx. 9 V Ap prox. 1 mA cons t. 0.5 + 3

Input impedance

Display range where reference voltage

REF = 0.775 V

Voltage drop at approx. range limit

60 m

Voltage measurement input

(V jack) Ri = 9 M

Current measurement input

(jack A) with adapter SR9800: Ri = 10 k



Meas. current at range limit

Intrinsic Uncertainty under Ref. Cond. for High Resolution (59,999 digits)

(... % rdg. + ... d) (... % rdg. + ... d) (... % rdg. + ... d)

~ current measuring range for specification

See A

Plus current clamp transformer error

See V~

voltage measuring range for specification Measurement input

Plus current clamp sensor error

For specification see current measuring ranges A DC, AC, AC+DC



Current measuring range 600 μA plus error CP1800 plus 0.5%

(... % rdg. + ... d)

0.1 + 5 with ZERO function active

Intrinsic uncertainty

Technical Data

Max. 10 s

Cont.

Max. 10 s

Overload Capacity

Value Time

600 V

DC AC

TRMS

sine

600 V

DC / AC

TRMS sine

0.7 A Cont.

10 A:  5 min.

16 A:  30 s

Measurement input

10 A: 5 min.

600 V RMS

max. 10 s

Measurement input

600 V RMS

max. 10 s

600 V

DC AC

TRMS

sine

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 79

Technical Data

Meas.

Function

Measuring Range

60 nF — 10 pF 1 M 0.7 V 1 + 10

Resolution at Upper

Range Limit

60,000 6,000 Value Time

Discharge res. U

0max

600 nF — 100 pF 100 k 0.7 V 1 + 6

6 F— 1nF 12k 0.7 V 1 + 6

60 F — 10 nF 12 k 0.7 V 1 + 6

600 F — 100 nF 3 k 0.7 V 5 + 6

Hz (V) Hz (A)

Hz (A )

600.00 Hz 0.01 Hz

6.0000 kHz 0.1 Hz

60.000 kHz 1 Hz

Input impedance, V jack: Ri = 9 M



min

1Hz

Hz (V) 300.00 kHz 10 Hz 10 Hz

MHz 600 Hz ... 1 MHz

0.01 ... 100 Hz

1 ... 100 Hz 0.05 + 5 > 2 V ... 5 V

2.0 ... 98 % — 0.01 % 15 Hz ... 1 kHz 1 Hz 0.1 MR + 10 d > 2 V ... 5 V

5.0 ... 95 % — 0.01 % 1 ... 10 kHz 1 Hz

10 ... 90 % — 0.01 % 10 ... 50 kHz 1 Hz

– 200.0 ...

Pt100

+850.0 C – 150.0 ...

Pt1000

(NiCr-Ni)

+850.0 C – 250.0 ...

– 150 C

– 150 C ...

+1372.0 C

0.1 C

V x Hz for U > 100 V

°C/°F

Specified accuracy valid as of 1% of the measuring range for AC, and 3% for AC+DC. See frequency influence on page 83.

At 0  ... + 40 C

Display of up to maximum 6.0 V, “OL” in excess of 5.1 V.

Applies to measurements at film capacitors during battery operation

Lowest measurable freq. for sinusoidal measuring signals symmetric to zero point

Overload capacity of the voltage measurement input: power limiting: frequency x max. voltage 6 x 10

Intrinsic Uncertainty under Reference

Conditions for High Resolution (59,999 digits)

(... % rdg. + ... d)

0.05 + 5

0.1 MR per kHz +10 d

(... % rdg. + ... d)

0.3 + 10

1.0% + 2.0 K

1.0% + 0.5 K

Overload capacity of current measurement input: see current measuring ranges for maximum current values.

Input sensitivity, sinusoidal signal, 10% to 100% MR (mV range: as of 30%)

Plus sensor deviation for measurement with external reference temperature, plus 2 K for internal reference temperature

Off-time > 30 min. and TA  40 °C

Key: d = digit(s), MR = measuring range, rdg. = reading (measured value)

with ZERO function active

As of 15 % MR

for U  0.18 V

> 2 V ... 5 V

Overload Capacity

600 V

DC AC

Max. 10 s

TRMS

sine

Hz (V)

Hz(A )

600 V

Max. 10 s

Hz (A):

600 V Max. 10 s

600 V DC/AC

Max. 10 s

RMS

sine

80 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Technical Data

Maximum Permissible Crest Factor

Displayed Value [counts]

Curve 1: range from 0.6 to 60 V, 0.6 mA to 10 A

Curve 2: 600 V range Curve 3: power measurement

Permissible Crest Factor for Voltage and Current

Crest Factor CF

Measuring range: 1.0

 CF  11.0, resolution: 0.1

Typical (not specified) maximum deviation:

Frequency CF  3.0 3.0 < CF  5.0 5.0 < CF  10.0

10 to 70 Hz  02 0.2 0.5

70 to 440 Hz 02 0.5 Not valid

440 Hz to 1 kHz 05 Not valid Not valid

> 1 kHz Not valid Not valid Not valid

Additional error caused by the signal’s crest factor:

 1,5 < CF 3 1% rdg.  3 < CF 5 3% rdg.

Power Measurement (measuring ranges for a current clamp factor of 1) – Single-Phase Measurement for Direct and Alternating Current

Measuring

Function

W, VAr, VA

Ranges achieved with current clamp only

Off-time > 30 min. and TA  40 °C

Measuring

Range

360 W10nW

3.6 mW 100 nW

36 mW 1 W

360 mW 10 W

3.6 W 100 W

36 W 1 mW

360 W 10 mW

600 W 100 mW

3.6 kW 100 mW

6kW 1 W

36 kW

360 kW

3600 kW

Resolution at Upper Range

Limit

36,000 counts Value Time

10 W

100 W

Overload Capacity

at 0 ... + 40 C

V: 600 V

A: 10 A

TRMS

DC AC

sine

continuous

10 A: 5 min.

16 A: 30 sec.

Above figure: Influence of Crest Factor on Display Range

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 81

Technical Data

Intrinsic Uncertainty and Frequency Influence for Power and Energy Measurement

Measured

Quantity

Voltage, auxiliary display

Current, auxiliary display

Power factor 1 d 1 d + 1 d

Apparent power 1.0 + 20 0.4 + 20 1.3 + 20

Active power

Reactive power |PF|  0.8 — 1.0 + 20 3.0 + 20

Not applicable in mV range

Measuring

Range

U  0.1 x Umax and U  0.15 V

I  0.01 x Imax 0.2 + 5 0.1 + 5 0.9 + 10

|PF|  0.4 |PF| <0.4

Display range

– Current and voltage: 6000 digits – Apparent, reactive and active power: 36,000 digits – Power factor: 100 digits

Intrinsic error: stable sinusoidal voltage, stable sinusoidal current, mean voltage value: max. 10% amplitude. U > 9% of the upper range limit is usually the case during normal operation due to auto-ranging, except in the smallest range. Bandwidth up to 1 kHz; signal components of higher frequency are

clipped by input filters.

Note:

Power is measured with a separate measurement circuit: As a result, specified accuracies for voltage and current measurement do not correspond with the specified values for the respective measuring functions. Principally, DC voltage linearity is only assured with voltages of 0.15 V or  10% of the upper range limit.

Intrinsic Uncertainty ±(... % rdg + ... d)

DC 10 Hz ... 65 Hz 65 Hz ... 1 kHz

0.5 + 10 0.3 + 10 0.4 + 10

1.0 + 20 —

0.4 + 20

1.0 + 20

1.5 + 20

3.0 + 20

Additional deviation for U, I during power measurement with higher crest factor, f = 0 … 65 Hz:

CF = 2: -0.3% rdg., CF = 3: -0.9% rdg., CF = 4: -1.5% rdg., CF = 5: -2.5% rdg.

Square-cycle signal 10 to 65 Hz to U or I: additional intrinsic uncertainty of +0% / -0.7% rdg.

Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording

Typ e of

Disturbance

Over/ undervoltage

Dip/swell 6 ... 600 V 6000 digits ±(1% rdg. + 1% MR)  1 half-cycle Peak 6 ... 600 V 6000 digits ±(1% rdg. + 2% MR)  1 ms Transient 200 ... 1000 V * 10 V  50 V 0.5 ... 5 s

* Absolute value of the transients is limited to approximately 1000 V by

input protection.

Measuring Range Resolution

(display)

6 ... 600 V 60,000

digits

Intrinsic Uncertainty under Reference Conditions with

Fixed Frequency of 50/60 Hz

Pulse Time

Internal clock

Time format DD.MM.YYYY hh:mm:ss Resolution 0.1 s Accuracy 1 min./month Temp. influence 50 ppm/K

Reference Conditions

Ambient temperature +23 C 2K Relative humidity 40 ... 75%

(no condensation allowed) Meas. quantity frequency 45 ... 65 Hz Meas. quantity waveform Sine Battery voltage 1.8 V ... 3.2 V

82 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Influencing Quantities and Influence Error

Influencing

Quantity

Temperature

The 60 mV DC range and thermocouple measurement are sensitive to temperature fluctuation: For this reason, specified values are not valid until 30 minutes after ambient temperature has stabilized.

Sphere of Influence

0 C ... +21 C

and

+25 C... +40 C

Measured Quantity/

Measuring Range

60 mV

Influence Error per 10 K

(...% rdg. + ... d)

0.2 + 5

600 mV ... 600 V 0.1 + 5

600 mV 0.3 + 20

V , 6 ... 600 V 0.2 + 10 600  ... 60 M, nS 0.2 + 5

A , , 0.2 + 10 60 nF ... 6 F, km 1 + 5 60, 600 F3 + 5

Hz, dB 0.2 +10

Diode measurements 0.3 + 5

RPE measurement 1 + 10

Pt100 / Pt1000 0.5 + 10

Type K thermocouple

0.2 + 10

Power measurement: V 0.3 + 10

Power measurement: A 0.2 + 5

W, VA, Wh, VAh 0.5 + 10

Technical Data

Influenc-

Quantity

ing

Measured Qty. /

Measuring Range

Sphere of Influence

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz 3 + 30

600.00 mV

>65Hz... 1kHz 2 + 30

> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz 3 + 30

> 20 kHz ... 100 kHz

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz 2 + 30

Frequency

6.0000 V

>65Hz... 1kHz 1 + 30

...

60.00 V

> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz 3 + 30

> 20 kHz ... 100 kHz

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz 2 + 30

600.00 V 2

>65Hz... 1kHz 1 + 30

> 1 kHz ... 20 kHz 3 + 30

600.00 mA

Power limiting: frequency x voltage max. 6 x 106 V x Hz for U > 100 V

The accuracy specification for frequency response is valid as of a display value of 10% of the measuring range for both measuring modes with the TRMS converter in the A AC and A (AC+DC) ranges.

Frequency response up to 100 kHz, > 60 kHz plus 5%

Influencing

Quantity

10.0000 A

> 15 Hz ... 45 Hz

...

> 65 Hz ... 10 kHz

Sphere of Influence

Measured Quantity Influence Error

75%

Relative humidity

3 days

V A, , F, Hz, dB, C 1 x intrinsic uncertainty

instrument off

Battery voltage 1.8 ... 3.2 V V A, , F, Hz, dB, C

Intrinsic Uncertainty

 ... % rdg. + ... d)

3.5 + 30

3 + 25

Included in

intrinsic uncertainty

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 83

Technical Data

Influencing

Quantity

Common mode interference voltage

Series-mode interference voltage

Sphere of Influence

Interference quantity max. 600 V V > 120 dB

Interference quantity max. 600 V

50 Hz ... 60 Hz, sine

Interference quantity V ,

respective nominal value of the

measuring range,

max. 600 V , 50 Hz ... 60 Hz, sine

Interference quantity max. 600 V V > 100 dB

Measured Quantity/

Measuring Range

6 V , 60 V > 80 dB

600 V > 70 dB

V> 50dB

Damping

Data Interface

Type

Optical via infrared light through the housing Data transmission Serial, bidirectional (not IrDa compatible) Protocol Device specific Baud rate 38,400 baud Functions – Select/query measuring functions

and parameters

–

Query momentary measurement data

– Read out stored measurement data The USB X-TRA plug-in interface adapter (see accessories) is

used for adaptation to the PC’s USB port.

Response Time (after manual range selection)

Measured Quantity/

Measuring Range

V, V, dB

AV , A

600  ... 6 M 3s

nS, RPE 3 s

60 M 8s

Continuity (acoustic signal) < 50 ms

C (Pt100) Max. 3 s

60 nF ... 600 FMax. 2s

> 10 Hz 1.5 s

84 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Digital Display

Response Time

1.5 s

Measured Quantity

Jump Function

From 0 to 80%

of upper range limit value

From  to 50%

of upper range limit value

From 0 to 50%

of upper range limit value

Internal Measured Value Storage

Memory capacity 16 MBit for approx. 300,000 measured

values with indication of date and time

Technical Data

Power Supply

Battery 2 each 1.5 V AA batteries,

alkaline manganese per IEC LR6 (2 each 1.2 V NiMH rechargeable batteries

also possible) Service life With alkaline manganese: approx. 120 hrs. Battery Indicator Battery capacity display with battery

symbol in 4 segments: .

Querying of momentary battery voltage via

menu function. Power OFF function The multimeter is switched off

automatically

– When battery voltage drops below

approx. 1.8 V

– If none of the keys or the rotary switch

are activated for an adjustable duration of 10 to 59 min. and the multimeter is not in the continuous operation mode (assuming the instrument is not set to power measurement or mains analysis)

Power pack socket

If the NA X-TRA power pack has been

plugged into the instrument, the batteries

are disconnected automatically.

Rechargeable batteries can only be

recharged externally. Power pack voltage:

5.1 V 0.2 V

Display

Transreflective LCD panel (65 x 36 mm) with display of up to 3 measured values, unit of measure, type of current and various special functions.

Background illumination

LED fiber-optic background illumination is switched off approximately 1 minute after it has been activated. If necessary, automatic deactivation of background illumination can be disabled with the appropriate parameter setting or via the interface.

Display / char. height 7-segment characters

Main display: 13 mm

Auxiliary displays: 7.5 mm Number of places 60,000 counts/steps Overflow display “OL” is displayed as of 61,000 + 1 digits Polarity display “–” sign is displayed if plus pole is

connected to “” Sampling rate 10 or 40 measurements per second

with the Min-Max function except for the capacitance, frequency, duty cycle and power measuring functions, 2000 measurements per second for fast DC measurement

Refresh rate V (DC, AC+DC), A, , ,

EVENTS AC/DC, count Hz, C (Pt100, Pt1000)

2 per second 1 to 2 per second

C (J, K) 0.5 per second

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 85

Technical Data

Acoustic Signals

For voltage Intermittent signal at above 600 V For current Intermittent signal at above 10 A

Continuous signal at above 16 A

Fuse

Fuse link FF (UR) 10 A/1000 V AC/DC;

10 mm x 38 mm; breaking capacity of 30 kA at 1000 V AC/DC; protects the current measurement input in the 600 A to 10 A ranges

Electrical Safety

Per IEC 61010-1:2010/VDE 0411-1:2011 Protection class

II Measuring category CAT III CAT IV Operating voltage 600 V 300 V Pollution degree Test v o l t ag e

5.2 kV~

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Interference emission EN 61 326-1: 2013 class B Interference immunity EN 61 326-1: 2013

EN 61326-2-1: 2013

Ambient Conditions

Accuracy range 0C to +40C Op. temp. range

10C to +50C *

Storage temp. range 25C to +70C (without batteries) Relative humidity 40 to 75%, no condensation allowed Elevation To 2000 m Deployment

Indoors, except within specified ambient conditions

* Exception: measurement of current > 10 to 16 A, operation at up to 40 C

Mechanical Design

Housing Impact resistant plastic (ABS) Dimensions 200 x 87 x 45 mm

(without rubber holster) Weight Approx. 0.4 kg with batteries Protection Housing: IP 52

(pressure equalization via housing)

Table Excerpt Regarding Significance of

IP XY

Protection Against Foreign

digit X)

5 Dust protected 2 Dripping (at angle of 15°)

Object Entry

IP XY

(2nd digit Y)

IP-Codes

Protection Against

Penetration by Water

86 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

9 Maintenance and Calibration

Attention!

Note

MEASURE

SETUP

FUNC

ENTER

Maintenance – Calibration

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the battery compartment lid or fuse cover in order to replace batteries or fuses!

9.1 Displays – Error Messages

Message Function Meaning

FUSE

0 L

u r

Current measurement Blown fuse

In all operating modes Battery voltage has fallen below 1.8 V

Measuring Indicates overflow (overload)

Measuring Indicates that the measuring range has been

fallen short of (under range)

9.2 Batteries

Removing the Batteries During Periods of Non-Use

The integrated quartz movement draws power from the batteries even when the instrument is switched off. It’s advisable to remove the batteries during long periods of non-use for this reason (e.g. vacation). This prevents excessive depletion of the batteries, which may result in damage under unfavorable conditions.

Battery Replacement

Stored measurement data are not lost when the batteries are replaced. The selected operating parameters remain in memory, although date and time must be reentered.

Charge Level

The current battery charge level can be queried in the “1nfo” menu:

1nFo bAtt: 2.75 V.

Make sure that no battery leakage has occurred before initial startup, as well as after long periods of storage. Continue to inspect the batteries for leakage at short, regular intervals.

If battery leakage has occurred, carefully and completely clean the electrolyte from the instrument with a damp cloth, and replace the battery before using the instrument.

If the “ ” symbol appears at the display, the batteries should be replaced as soon as possible. You can continue working with the instrument, but reduced measuring accuracy may result.

The instrument requires two 1.5 V batteries in accordance with IEC R 6 or IEC LR 6, or two equivalent rechargeable NiMH batteries.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 87

Maintenance – Calibration

Attention!

Blown Fuse

fuse

Replacing the Batteries

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the battery compartment lid in order to replace the batteries.

Ð Set the instrument face down onto the working surface.

Ð Turn the slotted screw on the lid with the battery symbols

counterclockwise.

Ð Lift off the lid and remove the batteries from the battery com-

partment.

Ð Insert two new 1.5 V mignon batteries into the battery com-

partment, making sure that the plus and minus poles match up with the provided polarity symbols.

Ð When replacing the battery compartment lid, insert the side

with the guide hooks first. Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.

Ð Please dispose of depleted batteries in accordance with envi-

ronmental protection regulations!

9.3 Fuse

Testing the Fuse

The fuse is tested automatically:

• When the instrument is switched on with the rotary switch in the A position

• When the instrument is already on and the rotary switch is turned to the A position

• In the active current measuring range when voltage is applied

If the fuse is blown or has not been inserted, “FuSE” appears at the digital display. The fuse interrupts the current measuring ranges. All other measuring ranges remain functional.

Replacing the Fuse

If a fuse should blow, eliminate the cause of overload before placing the instrument back into service!

Disconnect the instrument from the measuring circuit before opening the fuse cover in order to replace the fuse!

Ð Set the instrument face down onto the working surface.

Ð Turn the slotted screw on the cover with the fuse symbol coun-

terclockwise.

Ð Lift off the cover and pry the fuse out using the flat side of the

fuse cover.

Ð Insert a new fuse. Make sure that the fuse is centered, i.e.

between the tabs at the sides.

Ð When replacing the fuse cover, insert the side with the guide

hooks first. Tighten the screw by turning it clockwise.

Ð Dispose of the blown fuse with the trash.

88 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Attention!

Use specified fuses only!

Pb Cd Hg

If fuses with other blowing characteristics, other current ratings or other breaking capacities are used, the operator is placed in danger, and protective diodes, resistors and other components may be damaged. The use of repaired fuses or short-circuiting the fuse holder is prohibited.

9.4 Housing Maintenance

No special maintenance is required for the housing. Keep outside surfaces clean. Use a slightly dampened cloth for cleaning. Avoid the use of cleansers, abrasives or solvents.

9.5 Return and Environmentally Sound Disposal

The instrument is a category 9 product (monitoring and control instrument) in accordance with ElektroG (German electrical and electronic device law). This device is subject to the RoHS directive. Furthermore, we make reference to the fact that the current status in this regard can be accessed on the Internet at www.gossenmetrawatt.com by entering the search term WEEE.

We identify our electrical and electronic devices in accordance with WEEE 2012/19/EU and ElektroG using the symbol shown at the right per DIN EN 50419.

These devices may not be disposed of with the trash. Please contact our service department regarding the return of old

devices (see address on page 4).

Maintenance – Calibration

If you use batteries or rechargeable batteries in your instrument or accessories which no longer function properly, they must be duly disposed of in compliance with the applicable national regulations. Batteries or rechargeable batteries may contain harmful substances or heavy metal such as lead (PB), cadmium (CD) or mercury (Hg).

They symbol shown to the right indicates that batteries or rechargeable batteries may not be disposed of with the trash, but must be delivered to collection points specially provided for this purpose.

9.6 Recalibration

The respective measuring task and the stress to which your measuring instrument is subjected affect the ageing of the components and may result in deviations from the guaranteed accuracy.

If high measuring accuracy is required and the instrument is frequently used in field applications, combined with transport stress and great temperature fluctuations, we recommend a relatively short calibration interval of 1 year. If your measuring instrument is mainly used in the laboratory and indoors without being exposed to any major climatic or mechanical stress, a calibration interval of 2-3 years is usually sufficient.

During recalibration* in an accredited calibration laboratory (DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025) the deviations of your instrument in relation to traceable standards are measured and documented. The deviations determined in the process are used for correction of the readings during subsequent application.

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 89

Maintenance – Calibration

We are pleased to perform DAkkS or factory calibrations for you in our calibration laboratory. Please visit our website at www.gossenmetrawatt.com ( Company  DAkkS Calibration Center or  FAQs  Calibration questions and answers).

By having your measuring instrument calibrated regularly, you fulfill the requirements of a quality management system per DINENISO9001.

* Verification of specifications or adjustment services are not part of the

calibration. For products from our factory, however, any necessary adjustment is frequently performed and the observance of the relevant specification is confirmed.

9.7 Manufacturer’s Guarantee

All METRA HIT digital multimeters and calibration instruments are guaranteed for a period of 3 years after date of shipment. The manufacturer’s guarantee covers materials and workmanship. Damages resulting from use for any other than the intended purpose or operating errors, as well as any and all consequential damages, are excluded.

The calibration certificate confirms that the product conformed to the specified technical data at the time of calibration. We guarantee the observance of the specified technical data within the admissible tolerance limits for a period of 12 months from delivery.

90 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Note

COM

V Tem p



mA A

N PE

Load

PMA16

RedBlue

Black

10 Accessories

10.1 General

The extensive accessories available for our measuring instruments are checked for compliance with currently valid safety regulations at regular intervals, and are expanded as required for new applications. Currently up-to-date accessories which are suitable for your measuring instrument are listed at the following web address along with photo, order number, description and, depending upon the scope of the respective accessory, data sheet and operating instructions: www.gossenmetrawatt.de ( Measuring Technology – Portable  Digital Multimeters  METRA HIT ...  Multimeter Accessories).

10.2 Technical Data for Measurement Cables (KS17-2 safety cable set included with instrument)

Electrical Safety

Max. rated voltage Measuring category 1000 V CAT II I, 600 V CAT IV Max. rated current: 16 A (with safety caps applied 1 A)

Ambient Conditions (EN 61010-031)

Tem pe rat ur e –20 C ... + 50 C Relative Humidity Max. 80% Pollution Degree

Application

In conformity with standard DIN EN 61010-031, measurements in an environment according to measuring category III and IV may only be performed with the safety caps applied to the test probes of the measurement cables.

For establishing contact in 4 mm jacks you have to remove the safety cap by levering out the snap lock of the safety cap with another sharp object (e. g. the second test probe).

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 89

10.3 NA X-TRA Power Pack (Z218G: not included)

Use power packs from GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH only in combination with your instrument. This assures operator safety by means of an extremely well insulated cable, and safe electrical isolation (nominal secondary ratings: 5 V / 600 mA). Installed batteries are disconnected electronically if the power pack is used, and need not be removed from the instrument.

Use of the power pack may result in significant deviations during capacitance measurement and in the 60 M range!

10.4 PMA 16 Power Measuring Adapter (Z228A: not included)

The PMA 16 power measuring adapter is an intermediate plug for safe, trouble-free measurement of power consumption of singlephase consumers connected by means of a plug. The power consumer’s protective conductor remains functional during measurement.

Accessories

10.5 Shunt resistor SR9800 (Article number Z249A)

Using shunt resistor SR9800*, which transforms the output voltage of current clamp sensors (Hall effect sensors) into current, in combination with current clamp sensor CP1800, allows for the power and energy measurement of DC applications with high currents as well, such as for measurements at photovoltaic systems. The shunt resistor is connected in the current path between current clamp sensor (accessory CP1800) and mA/A input of the multimeter to this end.

Characteristic Values

Nominal resistance 9.81  Tole ran ce 0.1% Power 0.5 W Length 11 cm Diameter 21 mm Length of adapter

cable 31 cm Weight 42 g (including adapter cable)

The maximum permissible operating voltage is 600 V CAT I I I to earth. When reading the measured value, please take into account the additional error resulting from the current clamp sensor plus 0.5 % deviation.

* applicable for multimeters of the METRAHIT ENERGY series as of firmware version

2.xx

10.6 Interface Accessories (not included)

USB X-TRA Bidirectional Interface Adapter (Z216C)

E series METRAHIT multimeters which are equipped with a serial IrDa interface can be connected to a USB port at a PC with the adapter. The adapter allows for data transmission between the multimeter and the PC.

METRAwin10 PC Analysis Software METRAwin10 PC software is a multilingual, measurement data log-

ging program* for recording, visualizing, evaluating and documenting measured values from METRAHIT multimeters.

Details on the system requirements are given in the installation instructions of METRAwin 10/METRAwin 45.

* runs under any IBM compatible Windows operating system

90 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

11 Glossary – Abbreviations of Measuring Functions and Measuring Parameters with their Meanings

Voltagelevel dB 20

-----log=

Descriptions of the following measuring functions and their use are included in section 5. Descriptions of the following measuring parameters and their settings are included in section 6.

Descriptions of device parameters and their settings (which are not listed here) are included in section 6.

Glossary

Abbreviation (Sub) Menu

Parameter

CAP Scaling factor A scaling factor (capacitive linear electric constant) must be entered in order to be able to

CF Crest factor Relationship of peak value to TRMS value.

CLiP Current clamp factor When a current clamp sensor or transformer is connected to the system multimeter (V or

dB Voltage level Voltage level measurement is used in order to

dbrEF Reference level Reference value for alternating voltage level measurement (see dB).

dEMAnd tiME Time interval for mean

diP Voltage drop If the TRMS half-wave value falls short of the specified diP LiMit value, a voltage drop (dip) is

diP LiMit Voltage drop limit value See diP

Meaning General Description

value generation

Description Specifically for this Instrument

measure cable length in meters or kilometers.

Measuring range: 1.0  CF  11.0

mA/A input) all current displays appear with the correct value in accordance with the selected transformation ratio.

ascertain overall attenuation or boosting of a transmission system. Where U

= U

= dbrEF (reference level).

Display value > 0 dB: boosting; display value < 0 dB: attenuation Parameter: dbrEF

This parameter specifies the observation time period for mean value generation during power measurement (see page 51). Acquisition is synchronous to clock time, for which reason the first mean value usually does not span the entire specified duration.

detected. Parameter: diP LiMit

Unit of measure in digits, 60,000 = full measuring range

REF

Application Section / Page

Cable length measurement section 5.6

Voltage measurement page 25 Current measurement page 53

Current clamp measurement section 5.8.2 and section 5.8.4

Alternating voltage level measurement page 32

Memory mode operation for power and energy measurement section 4.5.2

Power disturbance analysis section 5.1.3

Switch Position / Menu

m SEt menu

V, A

V, A SEt menu

dB SEt menu

W SEt menu > EnErGY

PQ SEt menu > MainS

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 91

Glossary

Abbreviation (Sub) Menu

Parameter

EVEntS Submenu for events

HArM Submenu for

HArM.F Fundamental frequency See HArM

HiVolt LiMit Upper trigger threshold The threshold value for overvoltage (HiVolt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can be

H_triG Upper trigger threshold See EVEntS Events recording

H_triG Upper trigger threshold See StorE Selective memory

HYSt Hysteresis The hysteresis setting allows for efficient use of memory space. During memory mode operation,

I.rAnGE Current range of the

LoVolt LiMit Lower trigger threshold The threshold value for undervoltage (LoVolt LiMit) while monitoring the TRMS voltage value can

L_triG Lower trigger threshold See EVEntS Events recording

Meaning General Description

recording parameters

harmonics parameters

harmonics

Description Specifically for this Instrument

An event is recorded whenever at least one measured value has fallen short of the L-trig threshold for at least one second, and subsequently at least one measured value has exceeded the H-trig threshold for at least one second. Parameters: L-TriG, H-TriG and rAtE DC

Parameters menu for harmonic analysis: Included parameters: HArM.F (fundamental frequency), U.rAnGE (voltage measuring range) and I.rAnGE (current measuring range).

Line frequency of the fundamental frequency (here: 16.7, 50, 60 or 400 Hz)

entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.

new measured data are only saved to a new memory block if they deviate from the previously stored value by an amount which exceeds the selected hysteresis value.

See HArM Current range of the harmonics (here: auto, 600 μA, 6, 60, 600 mA, 6 A, 10 A) Note: Clamp factor is not taken into consideration!

be entered here in digits. The full measuring range corresponds to 60,000 digits.

Application Section / Page

Events recording page 28

Harmonic analysis section 5.1.5 SEt menu >

Power disturbance analysis section 5.1.3

page 28

mode operation section 4.5

Memory mode operation section 4.5

Harmonic analysis section 5.1.5

Power disturbance analysis section 5.1.3

page 28

Switch Position / Menu

V SEt menu > EVEntS > triG

HArM

PQ SEt menu > MainS

V SEt menu > EVEntS > triG

All StorE menu > triG

All SEt menu > StorE

A SEt menu > HArM

PQ SEt menu > MainS

V SEt menu > EVEntS > triG

92 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Glossary

Abbreviation (Sub) Menu

Parameter

L_triG Lower trigger threshold See StorE Selective memory

MAinS Submenu for power

MAinS rAnGE Line voltage

MAinS.F Line voltage frequency Selection of the measuring signal line frequency is required for the calculation of the TRMS

nS Siemens Unit of measure for electrical conductivity in the SI units system.

Peak Peak value If the momentary voltage value exceeds the value specified here (regardless of polarity), an

PEAK LiMit Peak limit value See PEAK

PF Power factor Value: Relationship of active power value P to apparent power S

r_SL Low-resistance

rAtE Sampling rate The sampling rate specifies the time interval after which the respective measured value is

Meaning General Description

disturbance analysis parameters

measuring range

measurement

Description Specifically for this Instrument

Parameters: MAinS.F, MAinS rAnGE, LoVolt LiMit, HiVolt LiMit, diP LiMit, SWELL LiMit, PEAK LiMit, trAnS LiMit

Here: The 6 V, 60 V or 600 V range (default) can be selected as the voltage measuring range.

half-wave value: 50 or 60 Hz. It determines whether a TRMS value is generated every 8.33 ms, or every 10 ms.

Reciprocal value of electrical resistance: S = 1/Ohm = A/V, nS = nanoSiemens

exceeded limit value is recorded (PEAK LiMit).

Sign: 1: no phase shifting; –(0 ... 0.99): capacitive; +(0 ... 0.99): inductive

The resistance of a protective conductor connection limits, for example, the length of an extension cable or a cable reel, or may not exceed a specified limit value. The same applies to resistance between housing and mains plug or device plug. The limit value can be set within a range of 1 to 60 ohms.

transmitted to the interface, or to measured value memory.

Application Section / Page

mode operation section 4.5

Power disturbance analysis section 5.1.3

Conductivity measurement section 5.2

Power disturbance analysis section 5.1.3

Power measurement section 5.7

Resistance measurement section 5.2

Memory mode operation section 4.5 Interface operation section 6.4.7

Switch Position / Menu

All StorE menu > triG

PQ SEt menu > MainS

Ohm

PQ SEt menu > MainS

Ohm

All StorE menu

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 93

Glossary

Duty cycle (%) =

Pulse duration (t

)

Pulse period (t

)

 100

Abbreviation (Sub) Menu

Meaning General Description

Description Specifically for this Instrument

Application Section / Page

Parameter

StorE Main memory for

memory mode operation

Parameters: HYSt, rAtE, Sto-ou, Sto-in, L_triG, H_triG, t.StorE

Power and energy measurement in memory mode: section 4.5.2

Memory mode operation

section 4.5 Scope of stored values for power and energy measurements: section 6.4.4 Mains disturbance recording in memory mode: section 5.1.4

SWELL Overvoltage If the TRMS half-wave value exceeds the specified limit, a brief overvoltage (swell) is detected.

Parameter: SWELL LiMit

SWELL LiMit Overvoltage limit value See SWELL

E/tP

Duty cycle The ratio of pulse duration to pulse period is measured with periodic square-wave signals and is

displayed as a percentage.

Power disturbance

analysis

section 5.1.3

Duty cycle

measurement

section 5.1.6

THD Total harmonic

distortion

As a standard feature during harmonic analysis, THD is displayed in accordance with the equation: “THD = total TRMS value of harmonics ÷ TRMS value of the fundamental frequency”. As opposed to this, harmonic distortion of the individual harmonics appears in the displays for the individual harmonics. “Distortion component = TRMS value of the harmonic ÷ TRMS value of the fundamental frequency.

Harmonic analysis (vol-

tage)

section 5.1.5

Harmonic analysis

(current)

section 5.8.2 and

section 5.8.4

trAnS Transients Steep sloped voltage peaks; parameter: trAnS LiMit Power disturbance

trAnS LiMit Transients limit value A level can be set here as of which a voltage transient is recorded. This is a polarity independent

entry relative to the momentary value. The smallest value is 200 V. Regardless of the selected

analysis

section 5.1.3

measuring range, acquisition always takes place within a range of 200 … 1000 V.

t.StorE Recording time Limiting of recording duration (hh:min:ss) to a maximum of 99 hours, 59 minutes and 59

seconds, or unlimited recording time: parameter = on.

Memory mode

operation

section 4.5

U.rAnGE Voltage range of the

harmonics

See HArM Voltage range of the harmonics (here: auto, 600 mV, 6 V, 60 V, 600 V)

Harmonic analysis

section 5.1.5 SEt menu > Note: Clamp factor is not taken into consideration!

Switch Position / Menu

All StorE menu

PQ SEt menu > MainS

, A

PQ SEt menu > MainS

All StorE menu

HArM

94 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

12 Index

0.diSP ................................................................... 67

Active Power ......................................................... 47

Addr ...................................................................... 78

APoFF ................................................................... 66

Apparent Power ................................................... 47

Automatic Shutdown

Disabling ..................................................... 15

Specifying a Time ....................................... 15

AUTO-Range Function .........................................16

Batteries

Charge Level Display .................................. 11

Charge Level Query .............................. 65, 87

Periods of Non-Use ..................................... 87

Replacement ............................................... 88

bEEP ..................................................................... 68

Cable Length ........................................................ 45

Cable Length Measurement ................................ 46

Cable Resistance ................................................. 44

CAP ....................................................................... 68

Capacitance Measurement .................................. 45

Clear

....................................................... 23

Memory

CLiP ...................................................................... 68

Conductivity .......................................................... 39

Continuity Test ..................................................... 41

Crest Factor Display

Current

.........................................................54

Voltage .........................................................27

Current Clamp Sensor .............................. 57, 58, 59

Current Measurement

...........................................................53

Notes

Scope of Functions .....................................53

dAtE ................................................................. 65, 66

dbrEF ..................................................................... 68

Default Settings ....................................................76

dEMAnd tiME ........................................................70

Device Returns .....................................................89

Diode Test ............................................................. 42

Display Illumination ..............................................14

Duty Cycle Measurement ..................................... 38

Error Messages ....................................................87

EVEntS .............................................................28, 67

Firmware Version .................................................. 65

Fuse

Replacement

...............................................88

Glossary ................................................................91

HArM .....................................................................73

Harmonic Analysis ................................................55

HYSt ......................................................................75

Index

Interfaces

Accessories ................................................. 90

States .......................................................... 11

irStb ...................................................................... 78

Level Measurement (dB)

Low-Pass Filter .................................................... 30

Low-Resistance Measurement ............................ 39

MAinS ................................................................... 71

Mains Disturbance Recording ............................. 33

Mains Monitoring ................................................. 33

Maintenance

....................................................... 89

Housing

Manufacturer’s Guarantee .................................. 90

Measured Value Storage

DATA Function

Min-Max Values .......................................... 21

Measurement Cables ........................................... 89

Measuring Category

Significance .................................................. 7

Measuring Range Selection

Automatic

Manual ........................................................ 16

Memory

Ending Recording

Querying Occupancy .................................. 23

Start Recording ........................................... 22

Minimum Breaking Capacity ............................... 53

...................................... 32

............................................ 20

.................................................... 16

....................................... 23

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 95

Index

OCCUP .................................................................. 65

Overview

Keys and Connections

................................ 10

Parameters ................................................. 64

Overvoltage .......................................................... 34

Peak Value Monitoring ......................................... 17

Potentially Explosive Atmospheres ........................ 7

Power Factor ........................................................ 47

Power Pack

Accessories

................................................. 89

Connector Socket Location ........................ 13

Initial Start-Up ............................................. 14

Product Support ..................................................... 3

Product Support Hotline ........................................ 3

Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function) .. 18

r_SL ...................................................................... 68

Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I

......................................................................... 24

rAtE ....................................................................... 74

Reactive Power .................................................... 47

Recalibration ........................................................ 89

Recalibration Service ............................................. 4

Relative Measurements ....................................... 18

Remote ................................................................. 43

Repair and Replacement Parts Service ................ 4

Reset .................................................................... 76

Resistance ............................................................ 39

96 GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH

Safety Precautions .................................................7

Sampling Rate (rAtE parameter) .......................... 74

Scaling Factor ....................................................... 46

Scope of Delivery .................................................... 2

Setting the Reference Value ................................19

Shutdown

Automatic (APoFF parameter) .................... 66

Automatic (function) .................................... 15

Software Enabling ..................................................3

SR9800 ............................................... 48, 59, 68, 90

Storage Rate (rAtE parameter) ............................. 74

StorE .....................................................................70

Switching the Instrument On

Manual ......................................................... 14

Via PC .......................................................... 14

Symbols

Digital Display .............................................11

Instrument ................................................... 13

Rotary Switch Positions ..............................12

tEMP intErn ........................................................... 65

tEMP intErn/ExtErn ............................................... 69

tEMP unit ..............................................................68

Temperature Measurement

With Resistance Thermometers ................. 44

With Thermocouples ................................... 43

tiME ................................................................. 65, 66

Total Harmonic Distortion THD ............................55

Transients ............................................................. 34

Transmission Rate (rAtE parameter) ................... 74

triG ........................................................................75

tStorE .....................................................................76

Use for Intended Purpose .......................................9

vErSion ..................................................................65

Voltage Comparator ..............................................31

Voltage Drop .........................................................34

Voltage Measurement

Notes ............................................................25

Scope of Functions ......................................25

Voltage Peaks .......................................................34

Voltage Transients ................................................72

WEEE Mark ...........................................................13

ZERO .....................................................................18

Zero Offset ............................................................18

Index

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH 97

Edited in Germany · Subject to change without notice · PDF version available on the Internet

GMC-I Messtechnik GmbH Südwestpark 15 90449 Nürnberg, Germany

Phone: +49 911 8602-111 Fax: +49 911 8602-777 e-mail: info@gossenmetrawatt.com www.gossenmetrawatt.com

Gossen Metrawatt M249A, METRAHIT ENERGY User guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Safety Features and Precautions

1.1 Use for Intended Purpose

1.2 Meanings of Danger Symbols

1.3 Meanings of Acoustic Warning Signals

Operating Overview – Connections, Keys, Rotary Switch, Symbols

3 Initial Start-Up

3.1 Inserting Batteries or Rechargeable Batteries

3.2 Switching the Instrument On

3.3 Setting the Operating Parameters

3.4 Switching the Instrument Off

4 Control Functions

4.1 Selecting Measuring Functions and Measuring Ranges

4.1.1 Automatic Measuring Range Selection (auto-ranging)

4.1.2 Manual Measuring Range Selection

4.1.3 Peak Value Monitoring for Automatic and Manual Measuring Range Selection

4.1.4 Quick Measurements (MAN or DATA function)

4.2 Zero Offset / Relative Measurements – ZERO/Delta REL Function

4.3 Display (LCD)

4.4 Measured Value Storage: DATA (auto-hold / compare)

4.4.1 Saving Minimum and Maximum Values – Min/Max Function

4.5 Measurement Data Recording – Memory Mode Operation, STORE Menu Function

4.5.1 Rapid Momentary Value Acquisition for U DC and I DC

4.5.2 Power and Energy Measurement in the Memory Mode

5 Measurements

5.1 Voltage Measurement

5.1.1 Direct Voltage, Pulsating Voltage and Crest Factor Measurement – V DC, V (DC+AC) and CF

5.1.2 Alternating Voltage and Frequency Measurement V AC and Hz with Selectable Low-Pass Filter, V AC + FILTER and dB V AC

5.1.3 Mains Monitoring / Mains Disturbance Recording – PQ

5.1.4 Mains Disturbance Recording in Memory Mode Operation

5.1.5 Harmonic Analysis (voltage measurement)

5.1.6 Frequency and Duty Cycle Measurement

5.2 Resistance, Conductivity and Low-Resistance Measurement

5.2.1 Conductivity Measurement

5.2.2 Low-Resistance Measurement with Constant Current (RPE)

5.3 Continuity Test with Constant Current of 1 mA

5.4 Diode Testing with Constant Current of 1 mA

5.5 Temperature Measurement

5.5.1 Measurement with Thermocouples, Temp TC

5.5.2 Measurement with Resistance Sensors

5.6 Measuring Capacitance and Cable Length in km

5.6.1 Cable Length Measurement in m

Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive power – W, VA, VAr Measurement of Active, Apparent and Reactive Energy – Wh, VAh, VArh

5.8 Current measurement

5.8.1 Direct Current Measurement

5.8.2 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Sensor

5.8.4 Current Measurement with Current Clamp Transformer

6 Device and Measuring Parameters

6.1 Paths to the Various Parameters

6.2 List of all Parameters, Main Menus and Submenus

6.3 Querying Parameters – InFo Menu (as moving letters)

6.4 Entering Parameters – SETUP Menu

6.4.1 SYSTEM Submenu

6.4.2 EVEntS Submenu

6.4.3 General Parameters

6.4.4 EnErGY Submenu

6.4.5 MAinS Submenu

6.4.6 HArM Submenu

6.4.7 StorE Submenu – Parameters for Memory Mode Operation

6.5 Default Settings (factory settings) – Reset

7 Interface Operation

7.1 Activating the Continuous Transmission Mode

7.2 Configuring Interface Parameters

8 Technical Data

9 Maintenance and Calibration

9.1 Displays – Error Messages

9.2 Batteries

9.3 Fuse

9.4 Housing Maintenance

9.5 Return and Environmentally Sound Disposal

9.6 Recalibration

9.7 Manufacturer’s Guarantee

10 Accessories

10.1 General

10.2 Technical Data for Measurement Cables (KS17-2 safety cable set included with instrument)

10.3 NA X-TRA Power Pack (Z218G: not included)

10.4 PMA 16 Power Measuring Adapter (Z228A: not included)