GC EUROPE G-aenial User Manual
G-ænial
Anterior & Posterior
TECHNICAL MANUAL
Table of Contents
1.0
Introduction 4
2.0 Product description 4
3.0 Indications for use 4
4.0 Composition 5
4.1 Fillers 5
4.2 Matrix 6
4.3 Interfaces 7
4.3 Initiators 7
5.1 Introduction 8
5.2 Shade system 11
5.3 Shade taking 14
5.4 Clinical hints 16
5.0 Shades 8
6.0 Physical properties 17
6.1 Modulus of elasticity and fracture toughness 17
6.2 Shrinkage 18
6.3 Three – body wear resistanc 19
6.4 Gloss rate 20
6.5 Radiopacity 21
6.6 Working time 21
6.7 Depth of cure 22
Vita® is a registered trademark of Vita® - Zahnfabrik
Bad Säckingen, Germany.
RECALDENT is a trade mark used under license.
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G-ænial Anterior & Posterior Technical Manual
7.0 Field evaluation 23
7.1 Handling 23
7.2 Aesthetics 24
7.3 Overall evaluation 25
9.0 Instructions for use 27
10.0 Packaging 30
8.0 Literature 26
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1.0 Introduction
Since the introduction of Thermoresin LC in 1992 and GRADIA – micro ceramic composite in 2000,
GC Corporation has demonstrated its expertise in composite technology. The experience gained
in developing indirect composite resins that were aesthetically comparable to porcelain was the
starting point of the research for a highly aesthetic direct composite material: Gradia Direct. Today,
after 6 years of clinical success of Gradia Direct, and in response to feedback from clinicians, GC is
now offering a restorative material combining the same unsurpassed easy aesthetics together with
improved handling and increased radiopacity. With G-ænial from GC, create æ-motion with
invisible, beautiful and easy restorations.
2.0 Product description
G-ænial is a light-cured radiopaque MFR hybrid composite restorative with a combination of 2
types of pre-polymerized resin fillers. Each filler size and concentration has been carefully selected
to provide the best aesthetic results while maintaining optimal physical performance and userfriendliness.
G-ænial is available in two different versions: G-ænial Anterior and G-ænial Posterior. These have
been formulated to fulfil the different requirements of Anterior and Posterior composites with
respect to such features as radiopacity and handling.
By offering different shades, opacities and values with tooth like opalescence and fluorescence,
G-ænial Anterior and Posterior are designed to provide an appearance similar to that of the natural
tooth. G-ænial was developed to provide the clinician the following advantages:
• Beautifulrestorationswithaneasyshadesystem
• Optimalhandling;asmooth,non-stickyandsculptableformulaforG-ænialAnterior,andamore
packable formulation for G-ænial Posterior
• Extendedworkingtimeunderoperatorylight,particularlyinAnterior
• Improvedradiopacityforpatientfollowupandcontrolofrestorations
3.0 Indications for use
G-ænial Anterior
• DirectrestorativeforClassIII,IV,Vcavities.
• Directrestorativeforwedge-shapeddefectsandrootsurfacecavities.
• Directrestorativeforveneersanddiastemaclosure.
G-ænial Anterior
• DirectrestorativeforClassIandIIcavities.
Anterior (Blue) and Posterior (Beige)
syringes of G-ænial
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G-ænial Anterior & Posterior Technical Manual
4.0 Composition
G-ænial is classified as an MFR hybrid composite with a combination of 2 types of pre-polymerized
resin fillers. It is composed of matrix, fillers, pigment and photo-initiators. Variations of monomer
concentration, filler types and content between the Anterior and Posterior versions make the
material ideally suited to its uses, with more radiopacity in G-ænial Posterior and softer handling in
G-ænial Anterior.
Table 1: Main composition of G-ænial Anteror and Posterior
Components
G-ænial
Anterior
Methacrylate Monomers X X
G-ænial
Posterior
Pre-polymerized fillers
16-17µ
Silica containing X X
Strontium and Lanthanoid
Fluoride containing
X X
Silica X -
Inorganic filler > 100 nm
Fluoroaluminosilicate - X
Inorganic filler < 100 nm Fumed silica X X
Pigments Trace Trace
Catalysts Trace Trace
4.1 Filler
Two different kind of pre-polymerized fillers are used, offering clinical useful radiopacity while
keeping perfect aesthetics both in Anterior and Posterior. The pre-polymerized fillers also
contribute to the low level of shrinkage found with G-ænial. They are produced by polymerizing a
resin matrix in which micro-fillers were incorporated, and then milling the polymerized resin into
particles averaging 16 to 17µ in size.
Fluoroaluminosilicate glass is added to the Posterior formulation for increased radiopacity while
Silica is used in the Anterior formulation.
Finally, fumed silica is dispersed between the pre-polymerized fillers and the other inorganic
fillers.
Figure 1: SEM Image of the filler system in G-ænial Anterior and Posterior. Magnification 2,500
Anterior Posterior
Prepolymerized Fillers
Fluoro-alumino-silicate
Silica
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Figure 2: Structural drawing of the filler system
4.2 Matrix
Prepolymerized Filler 17 µm
400 nm Strontium Glass
100 nm lanthanoid fluoride
Prepolymerized Filler 16 µm
16 nm silica
Inorganic Filler 850 nm
Anterior : Silica glass
Inorganic Filler 16 nm
Fumed silica
The matrix consists of a mixture of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and dimethacrylate
co-monomers. G-ænial is bis-GMA free.
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G-ænial Anterior & Posterior Technical Manual
4.3 Interfaces
To improve the bond between the silica and matrix
resin, the silica surfaces are treated hydrophobically
with dimethyl constituents rather than with silanol.
This hydrophobic treatment improves the intimate
contact between the silica and the matrix because
both ingredients will attract each other. Moreover,
this type of dimethyl-treated silica is more stable than
silica treated with methacryloxysilane, resulting in an
improved shelf life with less risk of stiffening of the
material during storage.
The Fluoroaluminosilicate glass used in G-ænial
Posterior is silanated.
Three types of interaction occur at the prepolymerized filler and resin matrix interface, helping
to prevent disruption of the fillers and thereby
maintaining the long-term integrity of the restoration
in time.
The three types of interaction are as follows:
1 Covalent bonds derived from residual C=C.
2 Hydrogen bonds from polar constituents, such as –OH, –NH, and -C=O.
3 Hydrophobic interactions between organic groups (e.g. alkyls).
4.4 Initiators
G-ænial uses a combination of camphorquinone and amine as the catalyst. Light activation can
be carried out with quartz halogen, plasma or LED curing units.
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5.0 Shades
5.1 Introduction
One of the biggest challenges in prosthetic and restorative dentistry is to reproduce Mother
Nature’s well balanced tooth colour harmony. Patients demand restorations that equal or surpass
the aesthetics of nature and that are indiscernible from the tooth structure. One of the main
objectives in developing G-ænial was to create a state-of-the-art composite that would offer
predictable aesthetics in both simple and complex situations. With G-ænial, it is possible for the
clinician to balance dental science and the artistry of a patient’s smile.
It is not only about translucency, value, hue and chroma…
Colour depends on three factors: the colour (hue), the saturation of the colour (chroma) and the
lightness/darkness of the colour (value). In dentistry, a fourth factor, translucency, is equally important.
Translucencyisdefinedasthepropertytoallowlighttopassthrough,butonlydiffusely;asaresult,
an object on the other side is not clearly distinguishable. Opaque materials are not translucent.
Translucency of a composite material is necessary to adjust the value of the restoration to that of
the natural tooth and avoid a non-aesthetic opaque result. However, restoration thickness will vary
in a cavity, giving more or less translucency. Light reflection will also differ depending on the angle
from which the restoration is observed. Therefore, it can be assumed that translucency and
variations in opacity alone will not result in a chameleon effect.
The natural reflection of light from the tooth determines the colour observed by the human eye.
When we look at a tooth, reflected light is observed that consists mainly of mirror and diffused
reflection. Mirror reflection determines the quality of the gloss, while we “feel” the hue, chroma,
value and translucency from diffusively reflected light.
Figure 3: Transmission, Fluorescence and reflection of light on the
tooth structure. Courtesy Mr. F. Feydel and Dr. E. D’Incau, France
Figure 4: Light reflection of a natural tooth varies
according to the diverse refractive index of its
structure (enamel, dentin, enamodentinal
junction...)
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G-ænial Anterior & Posterior Technical Manual
Light is scattered and reflected by internal tooth structures (e.g., enamel crystals, dentine-enamel
junction and dentinal tubules). Certain wavelengths are absorbed, whereas the remaining light
possessing information on tooth hue, chroma, value and translucency is diffusively reflected. For
example, enamel mostly consists of apatite crystals and will allow light to pass through without
much scattering while dentin has a more complex structure of hydroxyapatite crystals and collagen
and will scatter the light in all directions.
Measuring the scattering properties of a composite: the goniophotometer
The light scattering property of a material can be evaluated using a goniophotometer. This is
designed to measure the intensity of transmitted light at various angles (-90 to +90 degrees).
+90 Degrees
Light source
-90 Degrees
Figure 5: System set-up of the goniophotometer
Composite
sample
Light Transmission
Light source
Light detector
0 Degrees
Light source
Figure 6: Observation of light diffusion with different
Composite sample
Low light Scattering
Composite sample
High light Scattering
composites
Figure 7 shows artificial cavities in a block of composite shade A3 that were filled with 2 different
composites with shade A2. Only one of these is able to mimic the surrounding environment. After
analysing their light diffusing properties with the goniophotometer, it appears that the one which
adapts the best possesses higher scattering properties.
Figure 7: A3 cavity filled with A2 composite
These results suggest that light scattering is
even more important than hue to ensure that
the material is invisible.
Block of
composite shade
A3 with cavity
Low-scattering
composite
High-scattering
composite
What makes a composite restoration become invisible?
The ability of a composite to scatter light and diffusely reflect it similarly to the natural tooth makes
it possible to achieve a perfect match with the surrounding tooth structure. A composite material
becomes invisible only when it has this scattering property and can then be used in a single shade
layer technique.
Like the tooth, G-ænial contains different interfaces with different optical properties, resulting in
varied reflection of light. The excellent scattering ability of G-ænial is related to the extremely
diverse structural composition, which results in it mimicking the reflectivity of a natural
tooth.
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Figure 8: Diffuse reflection on natural tooth structure Figure 9: Diffuse reflection with G-ænial
Reflection by
enamel crystals
Reflection by
dentin enamel
junction
Reflection by
peritubular
dentin
Reflection by
dentinal tubules
Enamel
Pulp Dentin
Light scattering on the different fillers
of the material
The scattering properties of G-ænial provide its unique blending abilities
G-ænial Anterior exhibits the highest light scattering amongst the competitors tested. An excellent
chameleon effect can thus be achieved, resulting in invisible restorations. This is the main reason
why highly aesthetic results can be obtained with only one shade of G-ænial, as can been
observed on Figure 11.
Figure 10: Scattering properties of G-ænial Anterior vs. Competitors
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 01020304
Human Dentin
Human Dentin G-ænial AO2 Herculite Ultra DA2
PREMISE Opaque A2
PREMISE Opaque A2 Venus AO2 EsthetX HD A2-O
Tetric Evo-ceram DentinA3.5
Tetric Evo-ceram DentinA3.5 Empress Direct DentinA2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
G-ænial AO2
Venus AO2
Empress Direct DentinA2
Herculite Ultra DA2
EsthetX HD A2-O
Figure 11: Single shade restoration with G-ænial Posterior Courtesy of Dr. Tapia, Spain
0
10
Note the perfect blending ability of the Standard Shade.
G-ænial Anterior & Posterior Technical Manual
5.2 Shade system
G-ænial offers flexibility, enabling placement of aesthetically invisible single-shade restorations or
aesthetic masterpieces with a multi-shade build-up. In order to achieve this, 3 clearly differentiated
shade groups have been defined for G-ænial:
• Standardshades:forthesingle-shaderestorations
• Outsideshades:placedontopofStandardshadesinaestheticallydemandingcases
• Insideshades:placedunderneathStandardshadesinaestheticallydemandingcases
Figure 12: Single- and multi-shade restorations using G-ænial
Standard Shade
Single-shade restoration
using standard shade
Two-shade restoration using standard
Inside Shade
Multi-shade restoration using standard, inside and
and outside shades
Outside Shade
outside shades
Standard shades
Standard shades have been designed to be used mainly in the single-shade technique and present
a very delicate balance between value, translucency, hue and chroma. They are grouped into A
(reddish-brown), B (reddish-yellow), C (grey), Bleach and Cervical shades. Each shade from the
same group has the same hue and conforms to the arrangement of the Vita® classical shade guide,
with an increasing amount of chroma per group.
Table 2: G-ænial standard shades
Hue
XBW
BW A1 B1
A2 B2
A3 B3 C3
A3.5
A4
CV
CVD
XBW:ExtraBleachWhite;BW:BleachWhite;CV:Cervical;CVD:CervicalDark
As can be seen on Figure 13, G-ænial shade A3
applied to the central part of single Vita shade
Figure 13: Blending (chameleon) effect observed with
G-ænial A3 when applied on diverse Vita shade tabs
guide tabs has unique blending and invisible
properties: the material adapts to the underneath
shade tabs and perfectly matches the environment.
As a result, one shade will be sufficient for most
cavities.
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