Garmin GPS 95 XL User Manual

GPS 95 XL

PERSONAL NAVIGATOR

OWNER'S MANUAL

KMCI

MKC

PWR

TYGER

STAT

GO

AUTO

STO

CLR

ABC

1

JKL

TO

4

STU

7

DEF

MNO

VWX

GHI

NAV

3

2

PQR

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8

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WPT

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GPS 95 XL

Personal Navigator

OWNER'S MANUAL

TM

© 1994 GARMIN, 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA

Printed in Taiwan.

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the
express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to
make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or
organization of such changes or improvements.

August, 1994 190-00080-00 Rev. A

PREFACE

GARMIN thanks you for selecting our high performance, full featured
Personal NavigatorTM. The GPS 95 represents our continued commitment
to provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely
accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit
for many years to come.

The GPS 95's rugged construction and quality components offer the reliability
demanded by the harshest operating environments. It may be used in
aircraft, marine vessels and land vehicles, as well as by hunters, hikers, and
military forces. The unit may be operated portably using its own battery pack,
or it may use a 5-40 volt DC external power source for fixed mounted
applications. You can even use a 115- or 230-volt AC adaptor for planning
trips at home.

This manual and accompanying quick reference guide provide complete
information on safely operating the GPS 95 to its full potential. Sample trips
have been planned for you to practice your navigation skills using the built­in simulator. Afterwards, try a trip of your own to realize the value of the GPS
95 as your Personal NavigatorTM. If you have any questions or comments,
our Product Support Department is eager to serve you at 1-800-800-1020 or
913-599-1515. GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer.

GARMIN International

9875 Widmer Road

Lenexa, KS 66215 USA

GARMIN / Europe Ltd.

Robert House, Station Approach

Romsey, Hampshire SO51 8DU UK

i

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States which
is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under
development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and
performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 95 is a precision
electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or
misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use the GPS 95 at your own
risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of this
Owner's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode
prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from
the GPS 95 to all available navigation sources including the information from
other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any
discrepancies before continuing navigation.

NOTE

This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class
B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject
to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This device generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if
not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this device does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the device off and on, you are encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

· Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

· Increase the separation between this device and the receiver.

· Connect this device to an outlet on a different circuit than that to which
the receiver is connected.

· Consult the dealer or an experience radio/TV technician for help.

This device contains no user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be
performed by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs
or modifications to this device could void your warranty and your authority to
operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1-1

1.1 Capabilities 1-1

1.2 Aviation Database 1-2

1.3 Basic Package 1-3

1.4 Optional Accessories 1-5

1.5 Operational Mode 1-6

2 GETTING STARTED 2-1

2.1 Front Panel 2-1

2.2 Softkey Operation 2-1

2.3 Cursor and Fields 2-2

2.4 Keypad Operation 2-2

2.5 Entering Data 2-4

2.6 Viewing Messages 2-5

2.7 Turning the GPS 95 On 2-5

2.8 Turning the GPS 95 Off 2-7

2.9 Learning to Use the GPS 95 2-8

3 WAYPOINTS AND AIRSPACES 3-1

3.1 Waypoint Categories 3-2

3.2 Airport Information 3-3

3.3 VOR Information 3-6

3.4 NDB Information 3-7

3.5 Intersection Information 3-8

3.6 User Waypoint Information 3-9

3.7 Creating User Waypoints 3-10

3.8 Waypoint List 3-12

3.9 Using Waypoints 3-13

3.10 Using Waypoints by Scanning 3-14

3.11 Reviewing Waypoints 3-16

3.12 Nearest Waypoints 3-17

3.13 SUA Page and Messages 3-18

iii

4 GETTING THERE FAST - GOTO 4-1
5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1

5.1 Navigation Summary Page 5-1

5.2 Map Display 5-3

5.3 Map Configuration 5-5

5.4 Present Position 5-6

5.5 Sample Trip 5-7

6 ROUTES 6-1

6.1 Route Definition 6-2

6.2 Creating and Copying Routes 6-3

6.3 Activating and Inverting Routes 6-4

6.4 Editing Routes 6-4

6.5 Deleting Routes 6-5

6.6 Active Route 6-5

6.7 Route List 6-6

7 AUTOSTORE

7.1 Creating Waypoints with AutoStore

7.2 Building Routes with AutoStore

TM

TM

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8 GPS STATUS AND MENU PAGES 8-1

8.1 Bar Graph Page 8-2

8.2 Satellite Status Page 8-3

8.3 Satellite Skyview Page 8-4

8.4 Menu Pages 8-4

8.5 Operating Mode/Nearest Airport Search 8-5

8.6 Units/Heading Setup 8-6

8.7 Map Datum Selection 8-7

8.8 Audio and Display Setup 8-8

8.9 Track Log Setup 8-9

8.10 SUA Alarms 8-11

8.11 Arrival Alarm / CDI Setup 8-12

8.12 Input/Output Setup 8-14

8.13 Beacon Receiver Setup 8-16

8.14 Messages 8-17

iv

7-1
7-1

7-2

8.15 Density Altitude / True Airspeed / Winds Aloft 8-17

8.16 Trip and Fuel Planning 8-18

8.17 Date/Time Settings 8-20

8.18 Sunrise/Sunset Planning 8-21

8.19 Vertical Navigation Planning 8-22

9 SAMPLE TRIP USING ROUTES 9-1

10 SUA FEATURES EXPLAINED! 10-1

10.1 Flying Toward and Entering an SUA 10-1

10.2 Flying Near an SUA's Boundary 10-3

10.3 Sectorized Airspace - Near versus Ahead 10-4

10.4 Multiple SUAs 10-5

APPENDICES

A MESSAGES A-1
B GLOSSARY AND NAVIGATION TERMS B-1

B.1 Definitions B-1
B.2 Course To Steer (CTS) B-3

C INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE C-1

C.1 Specifications C-1
C.2 Electrical Wiring C-3
C.3 Yoke Mount Installation C-4
C.4 Yoke Mount Operation C-8
C.5 Surface Mounting C-10
C.6 Portable Antenna Installation C-12
C.7 Battery Pack Operation C-12
C.8 Maintenance C-13
C.9 Product Support C-14

D MAP DATUMS D-1
E UTC TIME TO LOCAL TIME OFFSET E-1
F INDEX F-1

v

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95

1.1 CAPABILITIES

The GPS 95 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously
found only in much larger systems:

· Performance: MultiTracTM receiver tracks and uses up to eight
satellites with high sensitivity, fast first fix, and continuous navigation
updates.

· Portability: Goes anywhere - air, sea or land. Built-in simulator for
trip planning or practicing navigation skills anywhere.

· Ease of Use: Graphic screens and intuitive guidance from the display
offer ease of operation.

· Convenience: Extensive database (Americas or International), covers
airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, special-use airspaces and
controlled airspaces. Update the database at home or in your office
using your PC.

· Navigation: Stores 500 alphanumeric user waypoints; 20 reversible
routes of 30 waypoints each. GOTO function sets instantaneous
course to waypoint of your choice. AutoStoreTM function builds routes
as you go. A flashing message annunciator keeps you fully informed
of your navigation status.

· Personalized: Customize your unit by selecting distance and speed
units, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) sensitivity, keypad and display
features, map datums, and interface options.

· Low Power Consumption: Battery Saver operation draws less than

1.5 watts; provides up to four hours of continuous operation with the
AA battery pack.

· Trip Planning: Analyze distance, time, and fuel requirements for your
trip. Compute time of sunrise/sunset at your destination. Calculate
density altitude before you take off and true airspeed as you fly.
Vertical navigation guides you to your cruising altitude and puts you in
the traffic pattern before landing.

1-1

· Alarms: An alarm clock and timer allow the GPS 95 to watch the clock
for you. Arrival, CDI and special-use/controlled airspace alerts help
you safely navigate your aircraft.

· Interfaces: Interface with PC-based moving map programs using
NMEA 0183 output, with Differential GPS (DGPS) beacon receivers
using RTCM (SC-104 version 2.0) input, or with marine autopilots and
graphic plotters using NMEA 0180/0182/0183 outputs. An optional
PC kit is also available to download user waypoints and routes to your
PC for permanent record.

We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in
simulator. This will help you quickly master the many features of the GPS 95.

1.2 AVIATION DATABASE

The GPS 95 features a Jeppesen database providing direct access to either
Americas or International navigation information. When the GPS 95 is turned
on the display will show which database the unit contains. Information
contained in the database is as follows:

· Airports: Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, latitude, longitude,
elevation, and fuel services.

· VORs: Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, latitude, longitude,
frequency and co-located DME (or TACAN).

· NDBs: Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, latitude, longitude
and frequency.

· Intersections: Identifier, country, latitude and longitude.

· Communication Frequencies: ATIS, ground, tower, multicom and
unicom. (Multicom and unicom frequencies are grouped together
under a “unicom” designation.)

· Runways: Runway designations, length, surface, lighting (including
frequency for pilot-controlled lighting), and graphic runway configuration.

· Special-use and Controlled Airspaces: Alert, caution, danger,
MOA, restricted, training, warning and prohibited areas. Class B /CTA
and Class C / TMA airspaces.

The Americas Database covers North, Central and South America. The

1-2

International Database covers Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Greenland.
(Hawaii is contained within both database versions.) Updates for the GPS
95 database, available every 28 days, may be purchased from GARMIN on
a one-time basis or by subscription service. When ordering your first update,
a cable is also required for connection to a PC-compatible computer. (Order
cable separately at time of purchase.) Database update software will
automatically transfer the latest information into your GPS 95 making the
update process quick and simple. Your local GARMIN dealer may also be
equipped to update the database for you.

1.3 BASIC PACKAGE

Your GARMIN GPS 95 basic package includes:

· GPS 95 Unit

· AA Battery Pack

· Detachable Antenna

· Remote Antenna Cable w/Suction Cup Mount

· Yoke Mount

· Surface Mount

· Carrying Case

· Self-coiling Power/Data Cable

· Cigarette Lighter Adaptor

· Permanent Installation Wire Harness

· Lanyard

· Battery Terminal Cover

· Owner's Manual

· Quick Reference Card

· Warranty Card

The basic package allows you to use your GPS 95 for both portable and fixed
operations. The unit may be operated from the AA battery pack, or from an
external power source (5-40VDC) using the cigarette lighter adapter or
permanent installation wire harness.

Handheld Operation:

For handheld operation, the GPS 95 is powered by a AA battery pack which
should be filled with four high quality alkaline batteries commonly found in
retail stores. The detachable antenna is placed directly on the right side of
the unit. The carrying case will protect your GPS 95 when the unit is not in
use.

1-3

In order to track GPS satellites, the unit must be situated with the antenna
pointed straight up and should not be blocked by objects or people. (Signal
reception through thin fabric, such as canvas, may be adequate but degraded).
When using the GPS 95 inside the cockpit it may be desirable to use the
remote antenna cable for better satellite visibility. The detachable antenna
is removed from the GPS 95 and replaced by one end of the remote antenna
cable. The antenna is then placed on the other end of the cable and, using
the suction cup mount, is situated where the best satellite visibility is possible.
You may need to experiment to determine the best location for the antenna.
(See Appendix C for removal of the detachable antenna.)

A lanyard is provided to prevent accidental dropping of your GPS 95.
Connect the lanyard to the eyelet on the back (at the top) of the unit

Fixed Mount Operation:

A surface mount is supplied for panel mount installation. The lower half of
the surface mount is also used with the yoke mount. (See Appendix C for
instructions on yoke mount installation.) The unit may be operated using
aircraft power through the cigarette lighter adaptor or the permanent installation
wire harness. Note that there are three cable assemblies (not counting the
remote antenna cable). The self-coiling power/data cable plugs directly into
the back of the GPS 95. The other end of the self-coiling power/data cable
plugs into either the cigarette lighter adapter or the permanent installation
wire harness, according to your needs or preferences.

While using aircraft power, you may wish to leave the battery pack in the unit.
In the event of aircraft power failure, the GPS 95 will automatically switch to
battery power. If you do not desire to leave the battery pack on the unit, a
battery terminal cover is supplied to protect the battery contacts. Remove
the battery pack from the GPS 95 and slide the battery terminal cover on in
its place. (See Appendix C for removal of the battery pack.)

In addition to supplying power to the unit, the permanent installation wire
harness allows you to interface your GPS 95 with a PC-compatible computer
or an ARGUSTM unit. When connected to a PC-compatible computer, the
GPS 95 will provide navigation information for many of the of the popular
moving map programs. (See Appendix C for connection of the GPS 95 to
other devices.)

1-4

1.4 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs:

· Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit

· PC Database Update Kit

· PCX5AVD Software Kit

Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit:

A rechargeable NiCad battery kit is available for use with the GPS 95. This
kit includes a rechargeable NiCad battery, an AC adaptor and a drop-in
charger base. Using the drop-in charger base, the NiCad battery is charged
in 12-14 hours (not to exceed 24 hours). The rechargeable NiCad battery kit
allows you to use the GPS 95 portably for extended periods (up to eight hours
per charge).

PC Database Update Kit:

The PC Database Update Kit allows you to update the GPS 95's aviation
database (Americas or International) at home, or in your office, using a PC­compatible computer. The PC Database Update Kit includes the database
diskette(s) and instructions. When ordering your first update, be sure to also
order a PC interface cable (part no. 9541). This cable, which connects to
a COM port on your PC, is not part of the update kit.

PCX5AVD Software Kit:

The PCX5AVD Software Kit allows you to download route, waypoint and
track data from the GPS 95 to your PC-compatible computer. You may also
edit this data and upload it back into the GPS 95. With the software kit you
can plot data files and/or display current position in real-time on your
computer's monitor. Data files can be printed for future reference. For
planning purposes, the software kit provides animated satellite orbit displays
and allows you to print a satellite visibility chart. The software kit includes a

3.5" diskette, an instruction manual and a PC interface cable. This cable
can be used with both the PCX5AVD Software Kit and the PC Database
Update Kit.

1-5

1.5 OPERATIONAL MODES

While using your GPS 95, you may select from one of four operational
modes: Normal or Battery Saver modes for actual navigation, Simulator
mode for practicing/trip planning, or AutoLocate™ mode to determine your
new position when travelling several hundred miles between uses. In Normal
and Battery Saver modes, typical time to first fix is less than 2.5 minutes. (If
you have used your unit within the hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.)
In Simulator mode the GPS 95 will not acquire satellites, but will display a
position based on the last known location or any other position that you
designate.

Normal mode offers continuous navigation updates and should be selected
when the GPS 95 will be used in a high dynamics environment (i.e., frequent
speed and heading changes). The GPS 95 will typically operate over three
hours using the AA battery pack, or over five hours using the optional NiCad
battery pack.

Battery Saver mode, suitable for most applications, offers position updates
that adapt to your needs while extending battery life. The GPS 95 will
typically operate over four hours using the AA battery pack, or over eight
hours using the optional NiCad battery pack.

Simulator mode allows you to simulate the operation of the GPS 95 while
at home or in your office. The simulator mode can be selected while learning
to use your GPS 95 and is ideal for planning routes and entering waypoints.
Keep in mind that the GPS 95 is not tracking satellites in the simulator mode.
YOU SHOULD NEVER ATTEMPT TO USE THE SIMULATOR MODE FOR
ACTUAL NAVIGATION.

AutoLocate™ mode is used when the GPS 95 has been moved more than
one thousand miles from its last known position. This mode forces the
receiver to search for a new set of satellites and compute your new position.
Once a new position is obtained, the GPS 95 will automatically revert to
whichever mode you previously used, Normal or Battery Saver.

NOTE: In lieu of selecting AutoLocate mode, you may enter a more accurate
initial position directly on the Present Position Page to speed up the
acquisition process in Normal or Battery Saver modes. (Section 5.4 provides
more information on the Present Position Page.)

1-6

2.1 FRONT PANEL

Page Options

CHAPTER 2

GETTING STARTED

Page Annunciator

Softkeys

Message Annunciator

PWR
STAT

GO

AUTO

STO

CLR

ABC

1

JKL

4

TO

STU

7

DEF

MNO

VWX

GHI

NAV

3

2

PQR

5

8

0

WPT

6

SUA

YZ

­RTE

9

ENT

The front panel consists of a 20-key keypad with a 85 x 64-pixel LCD display.
Both the display and keypad may be illuminated for nighttime operation.

2.2 SOFTKEY OPERATION

Information displayed on the LCD is referred to as a “page.” The GPS 95
works with “softkey” operation. At the bottom of the screen is a list of page
options. To select a different page, press the appropriate key (“1”, “2”, or “3”)
below the desired option. Please note that the page options must be
highlighted in order to use the softkeys. On the bottom line, extreme right,
is the page annunciator which indicates the current page you are viewing.

2-1

2.3 CURSOR AND FIELDS

Cyclic Field

Confirmation Field

Bar Field

The area of the page which is highlighted in reverse video is called the
cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields
which allow you to enter data or change options. You will encounter five types
of fields.

· Numeric fields accept numbers only.

· Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters.

· Cyclic fields allow selection from several available options. A cyclic
field is preceded by a prompt ( ). You may cycle through the choices
by pushing CLR.

· Confirmation fields allow you to indicate your approval. For example,
you will be asked to confirm that you want to delete a waypoint.
Confirmation fields always end with a “?” character. Press ENT to
approve the confirmation field.

· Bar fields allow an adjustable scale entry with the length of the bar
representing the minimum to maximum setting. Use the arrow keys to
make adjustments in bar fields.

2.4 KEYPAD OPERATION

The PWR/STAT key is a dual function key that controls unit power
and system status. Pressing this when the unit is off will turn the unit
on. To turn the unit off, press and hold PWR/STAT until the display
is blank.

Pressing PWR/STAT momentarily while the unit is on will take you
to the status pages. (See Chapter 8.) If the message annunciator
is flashing and the tone sounds, you may push PWR/STAT to view
the message.

2-2

GO

Pressing GOTO allows you to instantly define a destination
waypoint and plot a course from present position to that

TO

destination. (See Chapter 4.)

Pressing AUTOSTOre allows you to capture your present
position instantaneously. (See Chapter 7.)

Pressing NAV allows you to view position and navigation
information as well as the Map Display. (See Chapter 5.)

WPT
SUA

The WPT/SUA key is a dual function key that allows you to view
information about airports, NAVAIDs, intersections and user
waypoints; or about nearby special-use/controlled airspaces.
The WPT/SUA key allows you to create, edit, delete, and
rename user waypoints. This key is also used to view nearest

waypoints. (See Chapter 3.)

The RTE key allows you to create, edit, review, activate, and
delete routes. (See Chapter 6.)

Pressing either of the arrow keys allows you to move the
cursor, scroll through information lists, and enter letters
of the alphabet.

The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter letters and
numbers. Use the arrow keys to select the desired
letter or number from a given alphanumeric key.

Pressing this key while the cursor is not on a numeric or
alphanumeric field allows you to change the backlight level.
There are two backlighting levels.

Pressing CLR erases information in the cursor field. If the
cursor is over a cyclic field, pressing CLR will toggle through
several available options.

Pressing ENT confirms an entry or selection.

2-3

2.5 ENTERING DATA

You may enter data such as waypoint identifiers and user waypoint
coordinates on certain pages. To enter data you must first move the
cursor to the desired field by pressing the right or left arrow key. A data
entry operation is completed by pressing the ENT key. If an error is made
during the data entry process, press the CLR key to remove the erroneous
character.

To enter a number...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired number. The numbers
will fill in from the right side of the field and move to the left as each
new number is entered. For example, if you wish to enter “51” in a
three space field, you must press the 5 and 1 keys in that order. You
do not have to enter a leading zero. (Note: When entering numbers
in an alphanumeric field press the key that is labeled with the
desired number, then press the right or left arrow key twice.)

· Press CLR if you enter an incorrect number.

· Press ENT when you have filled all significant digits of the field with
numbers.

To enter a letter...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired letter.

· Press the right or left arrow key until the desired letter is displayed.

· Press CLR if you enter an incorrect letter.

· Press ENT when all the characters are entered.

The GPS 95 features a keypad feedback tone which will sound each time
you press a key. If you enter data which is not appropriate for the field, the
feedback tone will quickly sound three times indicating an error. The
keypad feedback tone can be turned off if you wish. (See Section 8.8.)

2-4

2.6 VIEWING MESSAGES

From time to time, the GPS 95 will use a message to tell you of conditions
needing attention. When the GPS 95 has a new message, the MSG
annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press PWR/STAT to view the new
message(s). Press PWR/STAT again to see the page you were viewing prior
to reading the message. (See Appendix A for a complete list of GPS 95
messages.)

While the MSG annunciator is flashing, the GPS 95 will also generate a tone
to alert you of the message. (If your unit is connected to an external alarm,
it will also be activated.) Messages that demand immediate attention, such
as an arrival alarm, generate a quick tone that will not stop until you view the
message. All other messages generate a slow tone that will cease after 15
seconds. The message tone may be turned off if you wish. (See Section 8.8.)

Important messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed.
If this occurs, the MSG annunciator will be in view but will not flash. (If no
messages exist, the MSG annunciator will not be visible.) To review these
messages, press PWR/STAT to reveal the status page options, then press
the key underneath the “MENU” page option. With the arrow keys, highlight
“Messages” and press ENT.

2.7 TURNING THE GPS 95 ON

When the GPS 95 is turned on it will automatically perform internal checks
to ensure proper operation, begin acquiring satellites and, once a sufficient
number are received, display your present position. To see this power on
sequence, take the GPS 95 outside to a location that is well away from
buildings and other structures that might limit its view of the sky.

After you turn your GPS 95 on, it will conduct a series of self tests and display
the following notice:

2-5

Following completion of the tests, the
Database Page will display the effective
date, cycle and expiration date of the
database. The GPS 95 will still function
with an expired database; however, you
must exercise extreme caution and
always verify that the database
information is correct before use.
(WARNING: The accuracy of the data is
assured only if current. Pilots using an
out-of-date database do so entirely at
their own risk.)

Press ENT to approve the Database
Page.

The Satellite Bar Graph Page will be
displayed, and the GPS 95 will begin
acquiring satellites.

2-6

After a position is found (and if no keys

have been pressed), the Position Page
will be displayed and the unit is ready for
normal operation. The process of
satellite acquisition is fully automatic
and, under normal circumstances, will
take approximately 2-3 minutes to obtain
navigation information. (If the unit has
been used in the past hour, it may take
as little as 15 seconds. If the GPS 95
has been moved several hundred miles
or more since it was last used, you may
want to select AutoLocate mode to
determine your new location. Refer to
Section 8.5 for more information on
selecting AutoLocate mode.)

When four or more satellites with good geometry are available, the GPS 95
will automatically operate in the 3D mode in which latitude, longitude and
altitude are computed. If only three satellites are available, the unit will
operate in 2D mode in which only latitude and longitude are computed. When
operating in the 2D mode, the unit will use the last computed altitude or your
last entered altitude. (Section 5.4 describes how you may enter the altitude.)

Your GPS 95 will automatically update satellite orbital data as it operates. If
you have not operated your unit for a period of six months or longer, it will take
approximately 15 minutes to search the sky and collect new orbital data. You
will be informed when your unit is searching the sky with the message
“Searching the Sky.” Once satellite orbital data is collected, it will be stored
in memory. The memory is maintained by an internal battery, therefore the
data will not be lost when you turn your GPS 95 off or remove the battery
pack.

If the GPS 95 cannot acquire enough satellites for 2D or 3D navigation, you
will be informed with the message “Poor GPS coverage”. If this situation
occurs, make sure the antenna is properly connected and not obstructed by
nearby buildings or other structures.

2.8 TURNING THE GPS 95 OFF

To turn the GPS 95 off, press and hold
the PWR/STAT key.

The Off Page will be displayed, the GPS

95 will perform a countdown and, after a

brief delay, will shut off. All user

waypoints, routes, and setup information

that you have entered will be maintained

while the unit is off – even if the battery

pack is removed.

2-7

2.9 LEARNING TO USE THE GPS 95

If you are using the GPS 95 for the first time, you are encouraged to read
Chapter 3 which introduces the GPS 95's waypoint, airspace and database
features, Chapter 4 on the use of the GOTO key, and Chapter 5 for navigating
to a waypoint. A sample trip is included in Chapter 5 to get you started on
the use of the GOTO key and the various navigation pages available on your
GPS 95. You may also want to read Chapter 8 on custom setups to configure
the GPS 95 to your preferences. Afterward, you may want to read through
the rest of this manual and make further use of the built-in simulator to
practice with the advanced features.

2-8

CHAPTER 3

WAYPOINTS AND AIRSPACES

The GPS 95 features a Jeppesen database providing Americas or International
navigation information. (Refer to Section 1.2 for a specific description of
information provided in the database.) The database contains information
about waypoints and airspaces. A basic waypoint consists of an identifier (up
to six letters and/or numbers) and its location. You can navigate to
waypoints, you can perform trip/fuel planning using waypoints, and you can
even calculate the time of sunrise and sunset for a waypoint of interest.
Airspace boundaries are provided for special-use and controlled airspaces.
Messages are provided to alert you of these nearby airspaces.

The GPS 95 features four primary waypoint and airspace pages. You may
select the desired page by pressing WPT/SUA and, if needed, the appropriate
softkey.

WPT
SUA

Nearest Waypoint Page

SUA Page

Waypoint Definition Page

Waypoint List Page

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3.1 WAYPOINT CATEGORIES

Airport Ident

The GPS 95 organizes waypoints into one of five different categories:
airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. This organization
is much like that of a file cabinet in which each drawer represents a different
type of information. For example, the airport drawer contains information on
airport locations, communication frequencies, runways, etc. In order to view
the information stored in a given drawer, the drawer must be opened or
selected. When using waypoints on the GPS 95 the “drawer”, or category,
is selected on a cyclic field. The following sections describe procedures used
to view information for each category of waypoint.

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3.2 AIRPORT INFORMATION

The GPS 95 features extensive information on airports:

· Identifier, facility name, city and state

· Position and elevation

· Fuel Services

· Communication frequencies

· Runway information with graphic configuration

The airport information pages may be displayed from the Waypoint Definition
Page. You may select the desired airport by its identifier, facility name or city/
state. (Refer to Section 3.10 for more information on selecting airports by
facility name or city/state.)

To view airport information...

· Press WPT/SUA and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the
Waypoint Definition Page.

· Notice the cyclic field in the upper left corner of the page. This field will
indicate the category of waypoint that will be displayed. If “APT”, for
airport, is not currently displayed: press the right arrow key, then press
CLR (repeatedly) until “APT” is shown. (HINT: You may also select
the waypoint category by pressing the corresponding alphanumeric
key. In this case the “A” key, for airport.)

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· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “APT”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired airport using the alphanumeric and
arrow keys. Press ENT. (Note: The airport identifiers in the GPS 95
database follow the standards set by the International Civil Aviation
Organization [ICAO].)

· With “APT” selected, a second cyclic field will appear that allows you
to view location (Locn), communication (Comm), or runway (Rnwy)
information. Highlight this second field by pressing the right arrow key
and press CLR to select the desired information page.

Airport Location Information

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The airport location information includes the following

1) Airport identifier (selectable)

2) Airport facility name

3) City/state

4) Elevation (feet or meters)

5) Location

latitude/longitude -decimal degrees, degrees/decimal

minutes, degrees/minutes/decimal
seconds

grid systems -UTM/UPS, British grid, Irish grid

6) Fuel services available

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· mo - Mogas

· av - 80/87 octane, 100LL, 100/130 octane

· jet - Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet A+

Airport Communication Information

The airport communication information includes identifier (selectable), ATIS,
ground, tower and unicom (or multicom) frequencies for the selected airport.
Up to five communication frequencies may be displayed at a time. Additional
frequencies may be viewed by scrolling.

To scroll through available frequencies...

· With the frequency information displayed, press the right arrow key
repeatedly to view additional frequencies.

· To return to the beginning of the list, press the left arrow key repeatedly
until the first frequency is displayed.

Airport Runway Information

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The airport runway information includes the following:

1) Airport Identifier (selectable)

2) Runway designation (cyclic field)

3) Runway length (feet or meters)

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4) Runway surface

· hard - Hard (asphalt, concrete, etc.)

· turf - Turf (grass)

· sealed - Sealed surface

· gravel - Gravel surface

· dirt - Dirt surface

· soft - Unknown soft surface

· unkwn - Unknown surface

· water - Water landing site

5) Lighting

· no lights - No runway lighting is available

· pc lights - Pilot controlled lighting with frequency

· pt lights - Part time lighting

· ft lights - full time lighting

· unknown - Availability/type of lighting unknown

6) Graphic runway configuration, if available
The graphic runway configuration will display the layout of available

runways. For the selected airport, information for each runway is
available from the cyclic field for runway designation.

To view additional runway information...

· Using the arrow keys, place the cursor over the runway designation

field.

· Press CLR to cycle through the available runways.

3.3 VOR INFORMATION

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The GPS 95 also features considerable information on VORs:

1) Identifier (selectable)

2) Facility name

3) City/state

4) Frequency

5) DME indication, if applicable, for co-located DME or TACAN

6) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

You may select the desired VOR by its two-to-three-character identifier,
facility name or city/state. (See Section 3.10 for information on selecting
VORs by facility name or city/state.)

To select a VOR by identifier...

· Press WPT/SUA and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the
Waypoint Definition Page.

· If “VOR” is not currently displayed in the upper left corner: press the
right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, then press CLR
(repeatedly) until “VOR” is shown.

· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “VOR”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired VOR using the alphanumeric and
arrow keys. Press ENT. The information for the selected VOR is
displayed.

3.4 NDB INFORMATION

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The GPS 95 displays the following information on NDBs:

1) Identifier (selectable)

2) Facility name

3) City/state

4) Frequency

5) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

You may select an NDB by its one-to-three-character identifier, facility name
or city/state. (See Section 3.10 for information on selecting NDBs by facility
name or city/state.)

To select an NDB by identifier...

· Press WPT/SUA and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the
Waypoint Definition Page.

· If “NDB” is not currently displayed in the upper left corner: press the
right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, then press CLR
(repeatedly) until “NDB” is shown.

· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “NDB”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired NDB using the alphanumeric and
arrow keys. Press ENT. The information for the selected NDB is
displayed.

3.5 INTERSECTION INFORMATION

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The GPS 95 features the following information on intersections:

1) Identifier (selectable)

2) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

3) Reference VOR identifier

4) Bearing from reference VOR to selected intersection

5) Distance from reference VOR to selected intersection

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