Garmin GPS 90 owner’s manual & reference guide

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Owner’s

Manual

Reference

GPS90

Personal

Navigator

Introduction

GPS 90

Foreword

Personal Navigator

OWNER’S MANUAL

Software version 2.0 or above. ® 1995 GARMIN International 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA GARMIN/Europe Ltd, Robert House, Station Approach

Romsey, Hampshire SO51 8 DU UK

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or manual, including photocopying and re c o rding, for any purpose, without the express written permission of GARMIN.

I n f o rmation in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

Part #190-00084-00 Revision A March 1995 Printed in Taiwan

GARMIN, GPS 90, Personal Navigator, AutoLocate, MultiTrac-8 and Spell’N’Find are trademarks of GARMIN International, and may not be used without the expressed written permission of GARMIN International.

Introduction

Cautions

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the United States Government, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 90 is a precision device, any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe.

Use the GPS 90 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 90 to all available navigation sources, including other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, sectional charts, etc. Always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

N O T E : This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC limits for Class B digital de vices. This equi pment gener ates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to other equipment, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interference by relocating the equipment or connecting the equipment to a different circuit than the affected equipment. Consult an authorized dealer or other qualiﬁed avionics service technician for additional help if these remedies do not correct the problem. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The GARMIN GPS 90 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized GARMIN service center. Unauthorized repairs or modiﬁcations could void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

Introduction

Preface

Welcome to the smallest, easiest-to-use GPS navigator in the skies! The G A R M I N GPS 90 re p resents GARMIN’s continuing commitment to pro v i d e aviators with quality navigation information in a versatile, accurate and userfriendly design you’ll enjoy for years to come.

To get the most out of your new GPS, it’s important that you take the time to read through the owner’s manual to understand the operating features of the GPS 90. The manual is organized into two sections for your convenience:

The GPS 90 Ta k e o ff To u r is designed to familiarize you with the basic operation of the unit through a simulated flight, where you’ll learn how to t u rn the unit on and off, use the airport and waypoint database, select and navigate to a destination, and use the moving map page in ﬂight. The tour is the fastest way to get the feel of your new GPS.

The R e f e rence Section p rovides detailed information and instructions to the advanced features of the GPS 90 in a topical format. This allows you to concentrate on a speciﬁc topic quickly, without reading through entire sections of text that you may not need.

Thanks for choosing the GARMIN GPS 90. We hope it will help you get the most out of your aviation adventures. If you have any questions or comments concerning the operation of the GPS 90, please contact our Product Support staff at 913-599-1515 or 913-599-2103 (FAX).

iii

Introduction

Capabilities

GPS 90 Capabilities

Designed for easy operation, the GARMIN GPS 90 offers powerful features that help make aviation navigation come alive in the palm of your hand.

Precision Performance

• MultiTrac-8TMreceiver tracks and uses up to 8 satellites simultaneously for fast, accurate positioning

• Differential-Ready for accuracy to 5 meters with optional beacon receiver

• Waterproof, dry nitrogen ﬁlled case and backlit LCD display

• Up to 20 hours of battery life on 4 AA batteries in battery saver mode

Advanced Navigating and Plotting

• Large, moving map display with Auto Zoom and SUA boundaries

• Internal Jeppesen®database includes detailed airport information, including runway length, surface and lighting, airport position and elevation, communication frequencies and fuel services. Valuable information about VORs, NDBs and Intersections is also available. See page 17 for basic database coverage.

• 250 user waypoints with alphanumeric names up to six characters long

• 20 routes with up to 29 legs each

• One-touch GOTO navigation

• List of nine nearest airports, SUAs, VORs, NDBs, INTs or user waypoints

Introduction

Packing List

Before getting started with your new GPS, check to see that your GPS 90 package includes the following items. If you are missing any parts, please see your dealer immediately.

Standard Package:

• GPS 90 Receiver

• Carrying Case and Wrist Strap

• Universal Yoke Mount Bracket

• Suction Cup Antenna Mount & Cable

• DC Power Cable

• 4 AA Batteries

• GPS 90 Owner’s Manual

• Quick Reference Card

• Warranty Card

• Country Airport Preﬁx Chart

Optional Accessories:

• PC Kit

• Serial Data Cable

• Cigarette Lighter Adapter

See your local dealer for optional accessories.

Table

Contents

Table of Contents

SECTION ONE Takeoff Tour

GPS Overview .............................................................................................................2

Basic Deﬁnitions..........................................................................................................3

Keypad Usage..............................................................................................................4

GPS 90 Takeoff Tour..............................................................................................5-15

SECTION TWO Reference

Waypoints & Database.........................................................................................17-26

Route & GOTO Navigation..................................................................................27-33

Status Page...........................................................................................................34-35

Position Page .............................................................................................................36

Moving Map Plotting............................................................................................37-41

Main Menu Page........................................................................................................42

Setup Menu..........................................................................................................43-50

Map Conﬁguration Menu ..........................................................................................51

Alarms/CDI Menu................................................................................................52-54

E6-B Menu...........................................................................................................55-59

User Waypoints List & Messages...............................................................................60

Simulator .............................................................................................................61-62

Appendix A—Initialization........................................................................................63

Appendix B—Installation.....................................................................................64-65

Appendix C—Batteries & Electrical Wiring .........................................................66-67

Appendix D—Troubleshooting............................................................................68-71

Appendix E—Glossary.........................................................................................72-73

Appendix F—Messages ........................................................................................74-76

Appendix G—Time Offsets .......................................................................................77

Appendix H—Map Datums..................................................................................78-79

Appendix I—Index ..............................................................................................81-82

Introduction

GPS Overview

What is GPS?

GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system developed by the U. S. Department of Defense to provide a consistent, accurate method of simplifying navigation. Originally designed for military applications, it also provides commercial and recreational users with 24-hour, worldwide navigation coverage with accuracy to 15 meters (49 feet).

How Does GPS Work?

GPS navigation uses satellite ranging to determine your position in relation to a set of satellites orbiting the earth. The GPS constellation is made up of 24 satellites, which continuously send radio signals containing precise position and time information for each satellite back to earth.

By knowing the position of any 3 or 4 of these satellites and calculating various time differences between the transmitted signals, your GPS receiver can determine its present position anywhere on earth. And once you’re under way, your GPS continuously updates your position and provides speed and track information.

What are the Advantages of GPS Navigation?

The GPS system provides pilots with a highly efficient, reliable system for pointto-point navigation without total reliance on traditional ground-based navigation aids. GPS takes navigation to a higher level by providing accurate position and course information, anywhere in the world, regardless of the weather or your proximity to traditional navaids. The accuracy and coverage of GPS navigation can help make your ﬂying safer, smarter and more efficient wherever you may travel.

Getting

Started

Basic

Deﬁnitions

The GPS 90 is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in

the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts brieﬂy explained below.

Navigation is the process of traveling from one place to another and knowing

where you are in relation to your desired course.

Position is an exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.

Most aviation navigation is based on the latitude/longitude coordinate system.

Meridians of longitude are a set of imaginary circles around the earth that pass

through the north and south poles. Longitude describes position in terms of how

many degrees it is east or west of the Prime Meridian (0º longitude).

Parallels of latitude are another set of imaginary circles that are perpendicular

to the earth’s polar axis. Latitude describes position in terms of how many

degrees it is north or south of the equator (0º latitude).

A waypoint marks an exact position ﬁx so it can be recalled for future use. The

GPS 90 lets you mark waypoints electronically, without physical landmarks.

Bearing is a compass direction to a particular destination (waypoint) from your

present position.

Track is a compass direction representing your course over ground.

Getting Started

Keypad Usage

The GPS 90’s two-speed thumbkey allows convenient, one-handed entry of information. Press on a particular arrow key once to scroll through data options slowly, press and hold an arrow key for faster scrolling.

U D

L R

• Use the up and down arrow keys to select alphanumerical characters and menu choices and to move the ﬁeld highlight from ﬁeld to ﬁeld.

• Use the left and right arrow keys to move the selected character ﬁeld and to move the ﬁeld highlight from ﬁeld to ﬁeld.

The GOTO/NRST key quickly sets a direct course to a selected destination. Pressing GOTO twice activates the NRST mode.

The POWER key turns the unit on and off and activates screen backlighting. To turn the unit off, press and hold the POWER key for 3 seconds.

The QUIT key returns you to a previous page, or clears data entry, restoring a data ﬁeld’s previous value.

The PAGE key scrolls through main data pages in sequence and returns the display from a submenu page to the previous page viewed. It also displays the message screen when a message alert appears.

The WPT key provides access to the GPS 90’s internal database of airports, VORs and other waypoints and the AutoStore function.

The ENTER key conﬁrms data entry and on-screen responses. The ENTER key also activates highlighted ﬁelds to allow data entry.

The GARMIN GPS 90 is a powerful navigation tool that o ffers pilots a host of advanced features that help make flying safer and more efficient. The Ta k e o ff Tour is designed to quickly guide you through basic features and functions of the GPS 90 using a simulated trip.

Once you’ve completed the tour and become familiar with the main pages and features of the unit, refer to the reference section for complete instructions on installation, initialization and performing speciﬁc tasks and functions.

The takeoff tour assumes you have not changed any of the default settings for the unit. If you have changed any settings, the descriptions and pictures used may not match your configuration (see the troubleshooting sec tion in Appendix D to reset your unit to default settings).

Yo u ’ re now ready to power up and take off with GARMIN GPS!

1. Press and hold the Bkey until the Welcome page appears.

Takeoff

Tour

Power On

2. After the unit performs a self-test, the Database Information page will appear, listing the issue date of the internal aviation database.

After a few seconds, the Database Information page will be replaced with the Satellite Status page. The Status page provides a visual reference of satellite acquisition and status, with signal strength bars and a satellite sky view in the center of the screen. The battery level gauge provides an indication of how much battery life you have left in the internal batteries, and will only appear when you are not connected to external power.

By now, you should also have an on-screen message box ﬂashing on the screen. To view the message:

1. Press the Pkey.

The ‘Searching the Sky’ message informs you that the GPS 90 has not yet been initialized to a GPS position. Since our tour will use the simulator mode, we don’t need to worry about acquiring satellites just yet.

Status Page

IMPORTANT!

If you’re already familiar with GPS navigation and would like to skip the Takeoff Tour, please refer to page 63 for instructions and tips on initializing your unit for ﬁrst time use. Once the unit has been properly initialized, you should acquire satellites and obtain a position within a few minutes each time you power the unit up.

Takeoff

Tour

Page Sequence

& Simulator

Status Page Position Page Map Page Nav Page Main Menu

Use the Page and Quit keys to continuously scroll through the main pages in either direction.

To exit the Message page and return to the previous

page:

1. Press the Pkey.

The GPS 90 features ﬁve main pages in a continuous loop: Satellite Status, Position, Map, Navigation and Main Menu. Try scrolling through the pages by pressing the P key. You can also scroll the opposite direction (or return to a previous page) by pressing the Qkey.

Select the ‘Simulator’ option from the current mode ﬁeld.

To continue the Takeoff Tour, you’ll need to put the GPS 90 in simulator mode:

1. Press Prepeatedly until the Main Menu page appears.

2. Use Uor Darrow key to move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘Setup Menu’ option.

3. Press the Ekey.

4. The setup menu will appear, with the ‘Operation Mode’ option highlighted. Press the Ekey.

5. Once the Operation Mode page appears, use the Dkey to highlight the ‘Current Mode’ ﬁeld.

6. Press Eto begin selection of the operating mode.

7. Use the Uand Dkeys to toggle through and select the ‘Simulator’ option.

8. Press Eto conﬁrm the simulator selection.

The field highlight will move to the Initial Position field, where we can now enter the starting position of our ﬂight, Lockhart Municipal Airport (50R, the ICAO identiﬁer), in Lockhart, Texas:

1. Press Eto begin initial position entry.

2. Use theDkey to scroll through and select ‘5’, the ﬁrst number of the identiﬁer.

3. Press the Rkey to move the ﬁeld highlight to the next character position.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have spelled out ‘50R’ in the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld.

5. Press Eto conﬁrm your selection.

Since we’ll be taking off from the airport, keep the position and bearing values at zero to keep our position right on the airport. To return to the Main Menu Page:

1. Press the Qkey twice.

Once you have entered the starting position of your ﬂight, the next step is to select our GOTO destination, Lakeway Airport (3R9) in Austin, Texas:

Takeoff

Tour

Going to a

Waypoint

Entering an initial position from the operation mode setup page.

1. Press the Gkey.

2. The GOTO Page will appear with the waypoint identiﬁer ﬁeld ready to accept changes.

3. Use theUand Dkeypad to enter the identiﬁer of the

destination waypoint (3R9).

4. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm your destination.

Once a GOTO is activated, the Navigation Page will display the bearing (BRG) and distance (DST) to the destination, along with your present speed (SPD) and track over ground (TRK). The GOTO destination is listed above the course deviation indicator, with your estimated time enroute (ETE), cross track error (XTK) and time displayed at the bottom of the page. A re l a t i v e bearing pointer, located above the CDI scale, points to the direction of your destination.

Conﬁrm the GOTO destination by pressing the ENTER key.

Takeoff

Tour

Navigation &

Position Pages

Now we’ll need to enter a speed for the aircraft:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight to the ‘SPD’ ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey to begin ground speed entry.

3. Use the arrow keypad to enter a speed of 150 knots.

4. Press Eto conﬁrm the speed entry.

Once a speed has been entered, the Nav page will continuously update as we make our way to the destination airport. We now need to enter the cruising altitude of our ﬂight, which can be entered from the Position page:

1. Press the Pkey until the Position page appears.

2. Press theUkey to move the ﬁeld highlight to the altitude ﬁeld and press E.

3. Use the arrow keypad to enter an altitude of 2,500 feet (leave the ﬁrst altitude digit at zero, or you’ll be at 25,000 feet).

The Navigation page displays your present speed and course over the ground, along with the distance and bearing to your destination. The CDI scale and relative bearing indicator help keep you on course, while your ETE and cross track error are shown at the bottom of the Nav page.

4. Press Eto conﬁrm the altitude.

Graphic heading

indicator

Present position

Time of day

(local or Zulu)

Present speed

over ground

Current GPS

altitude

The GPS 90 Position page displays your present latitude, longitude and altitude, along with your curre n t track and speed over the ground. The top of the page also features a graphic heading indicator, which displays your cardinal heading as you’re moving. The time of day, displayed in UTC or local time, is indicated at the bottom of the page. To enter a local time offset, see page 46.

Most of your in-ﬂight navigation with the GPS 90 will center around the Navigation and Moving Map pages. Now that we’re on our way, let’s move on to the Map page:

1. Press the Pkey.

The GPS 90’s Moving Map page provides extensive capabilities and information on your present position, nearby facilities and waypoints, special use airspace and your active route. Before we go through a few of the basic features, let’s zoom in for a closer look at our progress:

1. Verify that the map scale ﬁeld, located at the top of the page, is highlighted. If it isn’t highlighted, press theUkey repeatedly until it is highlighted.

2. Press the Ekey.

3. Press theDkey once to change the scale to the 40nm setting, and Eto return the cursor to the default position.

Once you’ve zoomed in to the 40 nm scale, you’ll be able to see a clear presentation of your plane, nearby airp o rts and the speci al use airspace around Mue ller Municipal Airport (KAUS). The line between 50R and 3R9 re p resents the track-up route from our starting point to the destination airport, with your present position indicated by the plane icon. Notice that the plane icon remains centered on the map, while nearby airports and airspace move by relative to your present speed and track.

Takeoff

Tour

Moving

Map Page

The Map page shows your present position as a plane icon in track up mode, with nearby airports and special use airspace boundaries indicated right on the map.

To reduce map clutter at higher scales, you can turn off the waypoint identiﬁers (and other features) from the map conﬁguration setup described on page 51.

Takeoff

Tour

Moving Map

Basics

Selecting an onscreen waypoint.

Zoom and pan-

ning controls

Moving

map ﬁeld

(8 x 10 grid)

Speed, distance &

angle ﬁelds

The Moving Map page can be broken down into three parts: the zoom and pan ﬁelds, located at the top of the page; the moving map field; and speed distance and angle fields, located at the bottom of the page. The zoom and pan ﬁelds provide access to the map scale and scrolling cursor functions, while the map ﬁeld lets you highlight on-screen airports and waypoints for immediate review. The speed, distance and angle ﬁelds are display ﬁelds only, and do not provide access to other functions.

The default placement of the cursor highlight is on the zoom ﬁeld. To move the cursor to the pan ﬁeld or through the on-screen waypoints, simply use the arrow keypad to move in the desired direction, and press

to activate the function or review the selected waypoint. Try selecting KAUS, located just to the right of your current route, to practice:

Review any highlighted waypoint by pressing the ENTER key.

1. With the ﬁeld cursor on the zoom ﬁeld, press the Dkey repeatedly until the KAUS identiﬁer is highlighted.

2. Press the Ekey to review the waypoint page for KAUS.

The waypoint location page for KAUS will appear, p roviding you with the facility’s name and location (city/state/region), with the elevation, latitude and longitude of the field indicated on the bottom half of the page. The fuel available (AV, jet or MOGAS) at the facility is also displayed.

Available

frequencies

Airport page prompts

Identiﬁer

ﬁeld

In addition to the location page, each airport in the GPS 90’s database feature separate communication and runway pages, which are accessible from the pro m p t s located in the bottom ﬁeld of any airport page.

To view the Airport Communication page:

1. Press L to move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘COMM’ prompt.

2. Press E.

All of the available frequencies for the selected airport will be displayed, with the designation indicated at the left of each frequency. If there are more than 8 frequencies for a selected airport, use the down arrow key to view additional frequencies.

Once you have moved from the initial page of an airp o rt re v i e w, the prompt highlight will automatically move forward to the next available prompt. This allows you to continuously scroll through airport inform a t i o n pages by simply pressing the Ekey repeatedly.

To view the runway information page:

Takeoff

Tour

Airport Pages

The airport runway page shows a NorthUp display of all available runways, with the designation, length, surface and lighting conditions available for each runway.

To view additional runways, highlight the ‘RUNWY’ ﬁeld and press ENTER, then use the arrow keypad to toggle between the various runways.

1. Press E.

Takeoff

Tour

Special Use

Airspace

The GPS 90’s sectorized SUA boundaries let you watch your proximity right on the moving map.

The runway information page features a diagram of available runways, along with runway length, surf a c e type and lighting for each ru n w a y. To re t u r n to the Moving Map page:

1. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

2. Press E.

Once you’re back on the Moving Map Page, you’ll notice that our plane is getting close to the special use airspace surrounding KAUS. Whenever you are within 2 nm of an SUA, projected to enter an SUA or inside an SUA, the GPS 90 will notify you with a message and supply detailed information on each SUA you are being alerted to. By looking closely at the map display, you’ll notice that we will come very close to the KAUS SUA, but not actually enter it. Once our ﬂight takes us within 2 nm of the SUA, we’ll be alerted with a ‘Near SUA < 2nm’ message (you may have to wait a minute or so to get the message, depending on how fast you’ve made your way through the Takeoff Tour).

To view the SUA message:

1. Press the Pkey.

The nearest SUA page provides information about special use airspaces you are being alerted to.

2. To return to the Map page, press Pagain.

Additional information, including the name, class, c o n t rolling agency and altitudes, is available from the

key. To view additional SUA information:

1. Press the Gkey twice. The nearest SUA alarm page will appear, listing up to 9 SUA warnings you are being alerted to. Each listing will display the type of warning and your ETE to intrusion, if applicable.

2. To view speciﬁc information on any listed SUA, highlight the desired SUA name and press E. The SUA page will appear, providing additional information on ﬂoor and ceiling altitudes for the selected SUA.

3. To return to the Nearest SUA list, press the Ekey.

4. To return to the Map Page from the SUA list, press Q.

SUA alert messages for class B, class C, MOAs, restricted and other areas may be turned off to avoid nuisance alerts, and may also be removed from the map to avoid excess clutter at higher map scales. For complete information and deﬁnitions on SUAs, see page 52.

The GPS 90’s nearest function will also provide you with a list of the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints to your present position. The internal Jeppesen database used in the GPS 90 contains information about thousands of waypoints, which are divided into speciﬁc categories for your convenience. For more on waypoint categories and the internal database, please see page 17-27 after completing the takeoff tour.

To view the nearest waypoints of a particular category (airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections or user waypoints), you need to select the desired category from the category field at the top of the nearest page. Let’s practice by viewing the nearest airports to our present position:

1. Press the Gkey twice to display the nearest page.

2. Press Eto begin selection of the desired category.

3. Press theDkey repeatedly to scroll through the waypoint categories until ‘APT’ appears in the category ﬁeld.

Takeoff

Tour

Nearest

Waypoints

The GPS 90 displays the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections or user waypoints to your present position.

4. Press Eto conﬁrm the category. The ﬁeld highlight will move to the ﬁrst facility on the list.

Once you’ve selected and confirmed a category, the GPS 90 will display the nine nearest facilities and provide the distance and bearing to each waypoint in the list. To scroll and review the nearest waypoints list:

1. Press theDkey to highlight to the desired waypoint.

2. Press Eto review the waypoint page(s).

3. Press Eagain to return to the nearest list. The ﬁeld highlight will sequence to the next waypoint on the list.

4. Press Qto exit the nearest function and return to the previously viewed page.

To review a nearest waypoint, highlight the identiﬁer and press ENTER.

Takeoff

Tour

AutoZoom

AutoZoom at 20 nm map scale.

Now let’s return to the Map page to ﬁnish the tour. If

you’re not already on the Map page:

1. Press Prepeatedly until the Map page appears.

You may have noticed that a s we make our way towards the destination airport, the map scale has automatically zoomed in to provide a closer look of the airp o r t. What you’re actu all y s ee ing is the GPS 90’s AutoZoom feature. Whenever you select a GOTO destination, the Map Page will default to the 80 nm setting, and gradually zoom down the map scale to the 1 nm setting.

The map scale will zoom to the next lowest setting (i.e., from 80 nm to 40 nm) whenever the map can fit both your present position and your destination on the screen. If you manually zoom in the map scale before this point, the AutoZoom feature will resume once it catches up to the map scale you have selected (down to 2 nm). If the map is manually zoomed out beyond the AutoZoom scale, the Autozoom will be cancelled, and the GPS 90 will assume you want to stay at the scale you have manually selected. For more information on the AutoZoom feature, please see page 41.

By now, our plane should be approaching 3R9, the destination airport. As the map zooms in to the 10 nm range, you’ll be able to see the runway appear right on the screen. Let’s move back to the Navigation page and ﬁnish up our tour:

AutoZoom at 10 nm map scale.

1. Press the Pkey to display the Navigation Page.

As we ﬂy past the airport, notice that the GPS 90 continues to provide navigation to 3R9, with the re l a t i v e bearing pointer and ETE ﬁelds indicating we are past our destination. The GOTO destination may be cancelled by activating another GOTO or cancelling the current GOTO destination. To cancel the current GOTO:

1. Press the Gkey.

2. Press Lonce to clear the destination ﬁeld (pressing clears a selected ﬁeld)

3. Press Eto conﬁrm the cancellation.

Congratulations! You’ve now mastered some of the basic features of the GPS 90, and are ready to take to the skies with a powerful tool that can help make all your ﬂights a little smoother and a lot more efficient. Be sure to carefully review the sections on initialization, installation and the internal database so you can get the most

out of your new GPS. The rest of the manual is organized as a topical reference, so you may quickly ﬁnd instructions and explanations on the GPS 90’s powerful features.

To turn the GPS 90 off:

1. Press and hold the Bkey for 3 seconds.

Thank you for choosing the GARMIN GPS 90. We hope that it will be a valuable navigation tool for you, wherever your course may take you.

Takeoff

Tour

Power Off

The power off countdown he lp s pr e v e n t the GPS 90 from being powered down accidentally.

The GPS 90 uses an internal Jeppesen®database to provide position and facility information for thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs and intersections. Each facility in the database is stored as a waypoint, with its own latitude/longitude, identiﬁer (up to six letters and/or numbers) and other pertinent information. Up to 250 user waypoints may also be created and stored in memory.

Waypoint information is available through the GPS 90’s WPT key. Waypoints are divided into ﬁve categories for your convenience. Each category provides different types of detailed information for a selected facility:

• A i r p o rt s — I d e n t i f i e r, city/state, country, facility

name, position (lat/lon), elevation, fuel serv i c e s , runways, and communications frequencies.

• VORs— Identiﬁer, city/state, country, facility name,

position (lat/lon), frequency and co-located DME or TACAN availability.

• NDBs— Identiﬁer, city/state, country, facility name,

position (lat/lon) and frequency.

• I n t e r s e c t i o n s — I d e n t i ﬁe r, re g i o n / c o u n t ry, position

(lat/lon) and range/bearing to nearest VOR.

• U s e r — Identifier (name), position (lat/lon), user

comments and reference waypoint.

To view the waypoint information for a desired waypoint, select the waypoint category from the category ﬁeld, located at the top left of the waypoint page, next to the identiﬁer ﬁeld.

To choose a waypoint category:

1. Press Mto display the waypoint page.

2. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the category ﬁeld.

3. Press Eto begin selection of the waypoint category.

Waypoints

& Database

Waypoint

Categories

The GPS 90’s internal Jeppesen database is available with an Americas (North, Central & S. America) or International database (Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia & Greenland). Hawaii is included in both database versions.

The database cycle is displayed on the Database Information page. Information on updating the database is included with your GPS 90 package.

4. Use the Uor Dkeys to select the desired category.

5. Press Eto conﬁrm the category selection.

Waypoints

& Database

Viewing

Waypoint Data

Entering a waypoint identiﬁer.

After a waypoint category is selected, information for a waypoint can be viewed by entering the identifier or name of the desired waypoint. Airports, VORs, and NDBs may be entered by either the identiﬁer, name, or the location (city) of the facility. Intersections and user waypoints must be entered by the identiﬁer.

To enter a waypoint identiﬁer:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the identiﬁer ﬁeld.

2. Press E.

3. Use the Uand Dkeys to spell out the desired identiﬁer, using the Rkey to move to the next character position.

As the identiﬁer is entered, the GPS 90’s Spell’N’Find feature will scroll through the available database, displaying any waypoints with the same identifier letters you have entered to that point. When the desired waypoint is displayed, press E.

Once you’ve selected a waypoint category, waypoint information can also be retrieved by entering the facility name of the airport, the name of the VOR or NDB, or their city name (intersections and user waypoints cannot be retrieved by facility or city name).

To select a waypoint by facility or city name:

Entering a waypoint by facility name.

1. Select the desired waypoint category (APT, VOR or NDB).

2. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the facility name or city name ﬁeld.

3. Press Eto begin entry of the facility or city name.

4. Enter the name of the facility or city with the arrow keypad.

5. The GPS 90’s Spell’N Find feature will scroll through the available database, displaying any waypoints with the same letters you have entered to that point.

6. When the desired waypoint appears, press E.

Once a waypoint category and identifier have been selected, the GPS 90 will provide extensive information t h rough various waypoint review pages. The following waypoint information is available:

AIRPORT INFORMATION

The GPS 90 features three airport pages:

• Airport location— allows entry of desired airport

by identiﬁer, facility name or city and displays latitude, longitude and elevation; and fuel availability.

• Airport communication— allows entry of desired

a i r p o rt by identifier and displays radio fre q u e n cies/usage.

• Airport runway— allows entry of desired airport

by identiﬁer, displays runway designations, length, surface and lighting information; and/or pilot controlled lighting frequencies.

To scroll through the airport pages:

1. Select the airport category and enter the desired airport identiﬁer. The airport page initially displayed will be the same as the last airport page viewed.

2. Use the Lkey to move the ﬁeld highlight to the desired page prompt and press E.

Once you have moved from the initial airport page displayed, the page prompt will automatically move forw a rd to the next available prompt. This allows you to continuously cycle through the airport pages by simply pressing the Ekey repeatedly.

To exit the airport pages and return to the previously

viewed page:

Waypoints

& Database

Airport

Information

The internal database uses ICAO identiﬁers for all airport names. All U. S. airports which contain only letters use the preﬁx ‘K’. For example, Los Angeles International is KLAX under the ICAO standard.

Other airports, such as Otten Memorial (3VS), that contain numbers in the identiﬁer, do not require the ‘K’ preﬁx. Many countries outside the U. S. use two letter preﬁxes. For more information, contact the

International

Aviation Organization.

Civil

1. Press the Qkey.

Waypoints

& Database

Location &

Comm Pages

In some instances, all

available frequencies

for a selected airport

may not ﬁt on the

communication page.

To view additional frequencies, use the DOWN ARROW key

to scroll through and

view any additional

frequencies.

Facility Name

(selectable)

City/State

(selectable)

Available fuel types

Identiﬁer ﬁeld

(selectable)

Location ﬁeld

The GPS 90’s airport location page displays the latitude, longitude and elevation of the selected airport, as well as fuel availability. From the airport location page, you can enter a desired airport by identiﬁer, facility name or city as described on page 18. The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport position page:

Elev— Elevation in feet or meters.

Position— In the position format you have curre n t l y

selected from the setup page.

Fuel— Lists the types of fuel available on the airport:

• AV gas— 80-87 octane, 100 LL, 100-130 octane

• JET— Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet A+

• MOGAS— 87 octane unleaded

The airport communication page (shown in the left margin) displays radio frequencies and their usage for the selected airport, and allows entry of a desired airport by identifier only (see page 18). The following fre q u e n c i e s are displayed if available:

• ATIS— Automatic terminal information service

• Grnd— Ground

• Twr— Tower

• Uncm— Unicom/Multicom

The last airport page is the runway page, which features a diagram of available runways, along with designations, length, surface and lighting information for the selected airport.

Identiﬁer ﬁeld

Runway

Diagrams

(selectable)

Waypoints

& Database

Airport

Runway Page

Runway

Designator Field

(selectable)

Runway Data

The runway diagram provides a north-up graphic of available runways, with length, surface and lighting data listed below the runway designation. The ‘SURFC’ ﬁeld will display one of the following surface types: hard , t u rf, sealed, gravel, dirt, soft, unknown or water. The ‘LGHTS’ ﬁeld will indicate one of ﬁve lighting schemes: part time, full time, pilot controlled (with frequency), no lighting or unknown.

If a selected airport has more than one runway, additional runways can be viewed by selecting another runway from the designation ﬁeld.

To view additional runways:

1. Highlight the runway designation ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey.

3. Use the arrow keypad to toggle through and select the desired runway.

4. Press Eto return the cursor to the ‘DONE?’ prompt.

Additional runways are accessed through the runway designator ﬁeld

Pilot controlled lighting with frequency listed.

Waypoint

& Database

Intersections

and NDBs

GPS 90 intersection waypoint page.

INTERSECTION INFORMATION

The GPS 90’s intersection waypoint page allows entry of a desired intersection by identiﬁer and displays position and nearest VOR data for a selected intersection.

To view waypoint information on an intersection:

1. Select the intersection category from any waypoint ﬁeld.

2. Enter the identiﬁer of the desired intersection and press the Ekey.

The GPS 90 will display the intersection’s latitude and longitude below the identifier field, and calculate the bearing and distance to the nearest VOR facility. Note that the VOR displayed may not necessarily be the facility used to deﬁne the intersection. The region and country of the intersection will also be displayed at the bottom of the page to help you confirm the location in the event of duplicate identiﬁers.

NDB waypoint page.

NDB INFORMATION

The next waypoint category in the GPS 90’s intern a l database is NDB facilities. The NDB waypoint page allows you to select a desired NDB by entering the identifier, facility name or city (see page 18). In addition to displaying the identiﬁer, facility name and city/state of the NDB, the NDB page will show the latitude and longitude of the facility, the region/country, & the transmitting frequency.

To view waypoint information on a NDB:

1. Select the NDB category from any waypoint category ﬁeld.

2. Enter the identiﬁer, facility name (on the second line) or city (on the third line) of the desired NDB.

3. Press the Ekey.

VOR INFORMATION

The GPS 90’s VOR waypoint page allows you to enter a desired VOR by identiﬁer, facility name, or city name and displays the selected facility’s position, fre q u e n c y and other information.

To view waypoint information for a VOR:

1. Select the VOR category from any waypoint category ﬁeld.

2. Enter the identiﬁer, facility name or city of the desired VOR.

3. Press the Ekey.

The VOR page lists the identifier, facility name and city/state of at the top of the page, with the transmitting frequency of the facility listed below. If DME or TACAN equipment is co-located at the site, it will be indicated next to the transmitting frequency of the VOR. The latitude and longitude is also displayed, with the region and country indicated at the bottom of the page.

Waypoints

& Database

VORs and

User Waypoints

VOR waypoint page.

USER WAYPOINT INFORMATION

The last waypoint category available from the GPS 90’s WPT key is user waypoints. The user waypoint page allows entry of a desired waypoint by name/identifier and displays the waypoint’s position, user comments and a reference waypoint ﬁeld to calculate the distance and bearing to any other waypoint in the database. The user waypoint page can also be used to create up to 250 waypoints by manually entering a position or defining a range and bearing from an existing waypoint.

To view waypoint information for a user waypoint:

1. Select the USR category from any waypoint category ﬁeld.

2. Enter the identiﬁer/name of the desired user waypoint.

3. Press the Ekey.

User Waypoint page.

Waypoints

& Database

Creating User

Waypoints

Entering a new user waypoint’s name.

The user waypoint page allows you to create new way-

points three ways:

• Enter the exact position of the new waypoint

• Reference a waypoint already in the database

• Enter a range and bearing from your present position

To ﬁrst step in creating a new waypoint (regardless of what method you’re using) is to assign a name/identiﬁer for the new waypoint.

To create a new waypoint from the user waypoint page:

1. Select the ‘USR’ category from any waypoint category ﬁeld and press E. The highlight will advance to the name ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey to begin entry of your waypoint name.

3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the waypoint name.

4. Press Eto accept the waypoint name.

Once the name has been accepted, the ﬁeld highlight will move to the position ﬁeld, where you can manually enter the position of the new waypoint:

Entering a new user waypoint’s position.

1. Press Eto begin entry of the waypoint position.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the lat/lon. The Land Rkeys will advance the cursor to the desired character position.

3. After the latitude and longitude entry is complete, press to save the new waypoint.

If you are deﬁning the new waypoint position by referencing (entering a distance and bearing from) a known waypoint or your present position:

1. Use theDkey to highlight the ‘REF’ ﬁeld.

2. If you are referencing a waypoint, press Eand use the arrow keypad to enter the identiﬁer of the reference waypoint

(If you want to reference your present position, leave the ‘REF’ ﬁeld blank).

3. Press the Ekey.

(continued on page 25)

The ﬁeld highlight will automatically advance to the bearing field. To enter a bearing and range from the reference position:

1. Press Eto begin entry of the compass bearing.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the bearing of the new waypoint from the reference position.

3. Press Eto conﬁrm the bearing. The ﬁeld highlight will automatically move to the distance ﬁeld.

4. Press Eto begin entry of the distance.

5. Use the arrow keypad to enter the distance of the new waypoint from the reference position.

6. Press Eto conﬁrm the distance. The GPS 90 will calculate the coordinates of the waypoint and store it in memory.

Once a new user waypoint is saved, the GPS 90 will assign a default user comment (the date and time of creation) to the new waypoint. You can change the default comment to a custom comment at any time, right from the user waypoint page.

To enter a user comment:

Waypoints

& Database

User

Waypoints

Entering a range and bearing from a reference waypoint.

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the comment ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey.

3. To clear the default comment, press the Lkey.

4. Use the arrow keypad to enter the comment. Press E.

The delete and rename prompts, located at the bottom of the user waypoint page, allow you to quickly remove a waypoint from memory or change the name of an existing waypoint.

To delete a user waypoint:

1. Use the Lkey to move the ﬁeld highlight from the ‘DONE’ prompt to the ‘DELETE’ prompt and press E.

2. Use the Lkey to highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt and press E.

Deleting a User Waypoint

Waypoints

& Database

User Waypoints

& AutoStore

The user waypoint page also allows you to rename any

user waypoint in memory.

To rename a user waypoint:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the ‘RENAME’ prompt.

2. Press the Ekey. The rename waypoint page will appear.

3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the new waypoint name.

4. Press E. The highlight will advance to the ‘Yes’ prompt.

5. Press Eto accept the new name, or Qto cancel.

The WPT key is also used to save new waypoints using the GPS 90’s AutoStoreTMfunction. AutoStore allows you to quickly store your present position and add the new waypoint to a selected route if desired.

To save your present position using AutoStore:

Renaming a user waypoint.

Marking an AutoStore position.

1. Press the Mkey twice to capture your position (if you’re already on a waypoint page, you’ll only need to press the Mkey once).

The AutoStore page will appear, showing the captured position and a default 3-digit waypoint name. To change the default position name :

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight to the name ﬁeld.

2. Press Eto begin entry of your waypoint name.

3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the name.

4. Press E. The ﬁeld highlight will move to the ‘route’ ﬁeld.

If you’d like to add the waypoint to a route:

1. Press the Ekey.

2. Enter the desired route number and press E.

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the route number.

To save the AutoStore waypoint:

1. Highlight the ‘save’ ﬁeld and press E.

One of the many benefits of GPS navigation is the ability to ﬂy directly to a waypoint or ﬂy a chain of waypoints without relying totally on ground based navigation aids. To take advantage of the convenience and efficiency of point-to-point GPS navigation, the GPS 90 provides two methods of selecting a destination for your ﬂight: GOTO and route navigation. The GOTO function provides a fast way to set a course to a destination f rom your present position, while the route function allows you to create a chain of waypoints to fly in sequence towards a selected destination.

Routes

Overview

Whether you’re flying a GOTO course or a ro u t e , there are a few basic concepts and terms that apply to all point-to-point GPS navigation. Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller segments called ‘legs’. The dia- gram above shows a basic route consisting of ﬁve waypoints and four legs. The waypoint you are going to in a leg is called the ‘active to’ waypoint (MAP), and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the ‘ a c t i v e f ro m ’ waypoint (SGF). The line between the ‘active to’ and the ‘active from’ waypoint is called the ‘active leg’.

When you activate a route with the GPS 90, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg, and provide navigation guidance directly to the ‘active to’ waypoint of that leg. As you pass a waypoint in your route, the unit will select the next waypoint as the ‘active to’ waypoint.

Routes

GOTO function

Selecting a GOTO destination.

The GPS 90’s GOTO function lets you choose any stored waypoint as a destination and quickly set a course from your present position. Once a GOTO has been activated, the Navigation Page will provide you with steering guidance to your destination.

To activate the GOTO function:

1. Press the Gkey.

2. The GOTO Page will appear with the waypoint ﬁeld ready to select a destination. Enter your destination waypoint.

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the waypoint.

You can also quickly activate the GOTO function from any other page by simply highlighting a waypoint, pressing the Gkey and conﬁrming the GOTO page.

Another time-saving feature of the GPS 90 that you may have noticed when entering waypoint names is the Spell’N’Find feature. As you enter waypoint characters, the screen will automatically display the ﬁrst numerical or alphabetical match of the character you have entered.

To use the Spell’N Find feature:

Use the LEFT ARROW key to clear the GOTO ﬁeld and cancel navigation.

1. Press the Lkey to clear the name ﬁeld.

2. Use the Uand Dkeys to scroll through waypoints.

3. If you have more than one waypoint that begins with the same letter or number, use the Rkey to move to the next character positions as needed. Only the ﬁrst character match is listed for each character set.

4. Once you’ve found the desired waypoint, press E.

Once a GOTO is activated, the GPS 90 will pro v i d e navigation guidance to the selected waypoint until the GOTO is cancelled. To cancel a GOTO:

1. Press the Gkey.

2. Press the Lkey to clear the destination ﬁeld.

3. Press Eto complete the cancellation.

The GPS 90 lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. Routes are created, copied and edited through the route definition page, which is accessed through the Main Menu Page.

To select the route deﬁnition page:

1. Press Puntil the Main Menu page appears.

2. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the ‘routes’ option.

3. Press the Ekey to display the routes page.

4. To return to the Main Menu page, press Q.

Routes

Route

Deﬁnition

Page

Comments

ﬁeld

Route waypoint

ﬁeld

Route

action

prompts

Route number

ﬁeld

Desired track

& distance

ﬁelds

Route copy

ﬁeld

The route number ﬁeld is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16 character comment below. If no user comment is entered, the ﬁeld will display the ﬁrst and last waypoint in the route. The waypoint list accepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields for desire d track and distance between legs (if the leg distance exceeds 999 nm, the ﬁeld will remain blank).

Below the waypoint list are the route page function ﬁelds which let you copy, clear, invert or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as storage ro u t e s , with route 0 always serving as the active route you are navigating. If you want to save a route currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another open route, as it will be overwritten by the next route activation.

Each route can be given a 16 character custom comment.

Highlight the ‘CLR’ prompt and press ENTER to clear the active route.

Routes

Creating &

Copying Routes

Creating a route.

To create a route in the GPS 90:

1. Press Eto begin route number selection.

2. Use the Uor Dkey to enter a route number.

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the route number.

4. Press Eto begin entry of a route comment. (Note that the default (ﬁrst and last waypoint) comment will only appear if the comment ﬁeld is blank).

5. Enter your comment and press the Ekey.

6. Highlight the No. 1 waypoint ﬁeld and press E.

7. Enter the name of the ﬁrst route waypoint and press E.

8. Continue entering the rest of your waypoints in order, using the Ekey to start and conﬁrm each ﬁeld entry. The list will scroll down as needed to enter up to 30 waypoints.

9. After you have ﬁnished entering all your waypoints, press

to return to the Menu page.

The route deﬁnition page is also used to copy a route to another route number. This feature is useful when you make changes to the active route (route 0) and want to save the new route and the original route.

Highlight the ‘COPY’ prompt and press ENTER to copy a route to another storage position.

To copy a route:

1. Press Eto begin route number selection.

2. Enter the route number to be copied and press E.

3. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘COPY TO ROUTE’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

4. Use the arrow keypad to scroll through the available routes and select a destination route number. Only open routes will be available as choices.

5. Press the Ekey to copy the route.

6. Press the Pkey to return to the Menu page.

The route action ﬁelds, located at the bottom of the route deﬁnition page, allow you to clear, invert and activate the routes stored in the GPS 90.

To clear a route:

1. Press Eto begin entry of the route number.

2. Enter the route number and press E.

3. Select the ‘CLR’ ﬁeld and press E.

A warning page will appear, asking you to confirm that you want to remove all waypoints from the route.

1. Highlight the ‘Yes’ ﬁeld with the Lkey and press E.

2. Press Pto return to the Menu page.

After a route has been entered in the GPS 90, it can be activated in its deﬁned sequence or inverted (in reverse o rder). The process of activating or inverting a store d route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The storage route is now no longer needed and will be retained in its original format under its existing route number.

This system allows you to have an active route that you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely new route from the original. You will have to copy the active route to an unused storage route to save it, since new route activation overwrites route 0.

Routes

Clearing &

Activating

Routes

Clearing a route will delete all waypoints from a route.

To activate a route:

1. Select the route deﬁnition page and press the Ekey to activate the route number ﬁeld.

2. Enter the route number to be activated and press E.

3. Highlight the ‘ACT’ ﬁeld and press E.

Inverting a route allows you to navigate route legs in

reverse order, without editing the original route.

To activate a route in inverted order:

1. Follow the same steps as above, but select the ‘inv’ command ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

To activate a route, highlight the ‘ACT?’ prompt and press the ENTER key

Routes

Active

Route Page

Once a route has been activated, the Active Route Page will appear, displaying the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the Active Route Page will become part of the main page sequence of the unit.

The Active Route Page will also allow you to change the ETE ﬁeld to display desired track (DTK) or estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear or invert the active route.

To display DTK or ETA for each leg:

1. Highlight the ‘ETE’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

The ETE ﬁeld may be changed to display ETA or desired track.

The on-screen editing menu lets you review, insert, delete or change any route’s waypoints.

2. Use the Uor Dto select ‘

To invert a route from the Active Route Page:

1. Press the Ukey once to move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘invert’ ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey to invert the route.

To clear the active route from the Active Route Page

and stop route navigation:

1. Use the Uand Lkeys to select the ‘clear’ ﬁeld.

2. Press E. Highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt on the warning page and press Eto complete.

D T K

’ or ‘

E T A

’ and press E.

Once a route has been created and stored in the GPS 90, it can be edited at any time, even if it is the active route.

To edit a route from the Active Route Page or the route

submenu page:

1. Use the Uand Dkeys to select the waypoint you want to edit.

2. Press E.

An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear, with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting or changing the waypoint field highlighted. Use the Uand Da rro w keys to select among the editing choices.

Once you’ve selected a waypoint from the route list,

choose a menu function:

1. To review the deﬁnition page for the waypoint, highlight the ‘review’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. To add a new waypoint that precedes the selected waypoint, highlight the ‘insert’ ﬁeld and press E.

3. To remove the selected waypoint, highlight the ‘remove’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

4. To replace the selected waypoint with a new waypoint, highlight the ‘change’ ﬁeld and press E.

Use the waypoint editing instructions described earlier (see page 30) for creating a route to complete your changes. If you’re editing the active route (route 0), copy the new route version to an empty route to save it, as it will be overwritten by a new route activation. If you add, delete or change the ﬁrst or last waypoint of a route, the default comment (ﬁrst and last waypoint) will automatically be updated after your changes.

At the beginning of the route section, we mentioned that the GPS 90 will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. This will give you steering guidance to the ‘active to’ waypoint of that leg, based on the desired track of the active leg. If you would prefer to navigate directly towards the ‘active f rom’ waypoint, you can perf o rm an ‘on-route GOTO’ right from the active route page.

Routes

Editing Routes

On-Route

GOTOs

Inserting a new route waypoint.

To perform an on-route GOTO:

1. Use the Uand Dkeys to highlight the desired route waypoint and press the Gkey.

2. Once the GOTO Page appears, press Eto conﬁrm the on-route GOTO waypoint.

Once you reach the GOTO waypoint, the GPS 90 will resume navigation of the rest of the active route in sequence.

Select the route waypoint you want to navigate to and press the GOTO key.

Status Page

Overview

The satellite sky view shows a bird’s eye view of the position of each satellite relative to the receiver’s last known position.

The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle 45º above the horizon; and the center point a position directly over your head. Use the sky view to help determine if there are obstructions shading your reception of satellite signals.

Estimated

Operating

mode

Battery level

indicator

Satellite numbers

position error

Satellite sky view

Signal strength

indicator bars

The GPS 90 Status page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS is doing at any given time.

The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the re c e i v e r, whether or not they are being tracked, and the signal quality. When a satellite is visible but not being tracked, the signal strength bar will remain blank and the sky view indicator will remain highlighted in reverse video.

⌃

If you are losing coverage or having trouble acquiring a

position, use the sky view and signal strength bars to ver-

ify proper antenna and receiver installation. If you have lost coverage and the unit has trouble reacquiring satellites, try shutting the unit off momentarily to reset the unit.

For more information on installation, acquiring satellites

and using the GPS 90 in other applications (hunting, ﬁshing, hiking, etc.), please see Appendix A & D.

Receiv er status is indi cated at the top left of the screen, with the current horizontal accuracy (in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will show one of the following conditions:

Acquiring— the ﬁrst status you’ll see in normal oper-

ation. The GPS 90 is looking for

satellites to track

based on its last known p o s i t i o n .

2D NAV — at least 3 satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2 dimensional position fix (lat. & lon.) is being calculated. ‘2D DIFF’ will appear when DGPS corrections are being received.

3D NAV— at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and your position is being calculated in latitude, longitude and altitude. ‘3D DIFF’ will appear when DGPS corrections are being received.

N E E D A LT— the receiver needs altitude to start and/or continue 2D navigation. Enter your altitude on the Position page (see page 36).

S E A R C H SKY— the GPS 90 is collecting new almanac data or AutoLocateTMmode has been selected. This process can take 7.5-15 minutes.

POOR CVRG— the unit is no longer tracking enough satellites to pro v i d e a 2D/3D position.

N O T USABLE— the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on.

SIMULATOR— the unit is in simulator mode.

Below the receiver status field and to the left of the satellite sky view is the battery level indicator, which will display the battery life level whenever the GPS 90 is operating on internal batteries. If you’re operating off external power, the battery indicator will not appear.

Status Page

Operating

Status

Searching the Sky status indicates the

GPS 90 is collecting

new satellite data before calculating a GPS position.

The battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline bat-

⌃

teries. Ni-Cad and lithium batteries will not show battery level at full scale due to voltage differences. No other functions are affected by using Ni-Cad or lithium batteries.

On the right side of the screen, just below the horizontal accuracy ﬁeld is the screen backlight indicator.

To turn the screen backlighting on or off:

1. Press the Bkey.

2. To adjust the duration of screen backlighting, refer to the operation setup section (page 46).

The bulb icon indicates that screen backlighting is on.

Position Page

Entering

Position

& Altitude

Entering a position manually.

The GPS 90 Position page displays your current posi-

tion’s latitude, longitude, altitude and time numerically. It

also displays your track (compass direction) and speed

whenever you’re moving.

The Position page also lets you enter a position’s latitude and longitude manually. During satellite acquisition, the position displayed is the last computed position s t o red in memory. If the re c e i v e r ’s position has moved several hundred miles with the power off or memory has

been lost due to battery failure, the unit may take 7 1/2 to

15 minutes to acquire satellite data.

To speed up the acquisition process, you can enter a m o re accurate initial position or re f e rence airport (see page 44. Be sure to accurately enter the latitude and longitude to the nearest degree. An incorrect lat/lon may prevent the receiver from tracking the correct set of satellites for your position.

To manually enter a position:

1. Press theDkey until the position ﬁeld is highlighted.

Entering an altitude manually.

2. Press Eto begin entry of your position.

3 Use the arrow keypad to enter the new position.

4. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm your changes.

When the GPS 90 is acquiring satellites or navigating in the 2D mode, the last known altitude will be used to compute your position. You may also manually enter an altitude. Keep in mind that GPS altitudes may vary significantly from pre s s u re altimeters. Never use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.

To enter an altitude manually:

1. Press theDkey until the altitude ﬁeld is highlighted.

2. Press Eto begin entry of your altitude.

3. Use the arrow keypad to enter the altitude.

4. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the altitude.

The GPS 90 features a powerful moving map display that can do much more than just plot your course and route. The Map page also provides you with a moving

map cursor that will let you pan ahead and review nearby

waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to any map position and mark new waypoints.

Zoom and pan-

ning controls

Moving

map ﬁeld

(8 x 10 grid)

Speed, distance &

angle ﬁelds

Map Page

Overview

The Map page can be broken down into three main

sections:

The zoom function and panning control ﬁelds are located at the top of the screen. There are 12 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2 to 320 miles or 0.5 to 600 km, measured vertically.

The map port i o n of the page is bord e r ed by an

8 x 10 grid to help you estimate distances based on the

map scale you are using. Your present position is indicated by a plane icon (in track up mode), or a position dia-

mond (in other modes), with your track and/or route dis-

played as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are represented as squares, with the waypoint name also listed. You may

select which of these features are shown through the map

setup submenu page (see page 51 for more information).

The speed, distance and angle ﬁelds, located directly below the map show your bearing and distance to one

of three selectable destinations: an active destination waypoint; a highlighted on-screen waypoint; or to the

panning target cro s s h a i r. Your current track and speed are displayed just below the bearing and distance ﬁelds.

The GPS 90 has onscreen range rings to help you estimate dista n ces r ela tive t o your present position. The va lu e of each ring is determined by the curr ent zo o m scale.

The distance value of each ring is equal to 1/5th of the current zoom range, with the interval of each ring noted below the first range ring.

To tu rn the ra nge ring display on or off (the default setting is off), se e the map setup instructions on page 51.

Map Page

Zooming &

Panning

The GPS 90 has 12 map scales from 0.2 to 320 nm.

There are three main functions you can perform from the Map page— zooming, pointing and panning. Each of these functions has its own ‘ﬁeld’, which may be selected and activated for use.

Whenever the Map Page ﬁrst appears, the zoom ﬁe l d (at the top left) is always selected. The Map Page has 12 map scales which are selected through the zoom function ﬁeld.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Press Lor Rto highlight the zoom ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey to begin range selection.

3. Use the Uor Dkeys to scroll through and ﬁnd the desired range scale.

4. Press Eto conﬁrm your selection.

The second function ﬁeld on the Map page is the pan ﬁeld, located at the top right of the screen. The pan function allows you to move the map with the four arrow keys

to view areas outside the current map

To activate the pan function:

Whenever the pan function is active, a target crosshair will appear. To stop panning, press QUIT.

1. From the zoom ﬁeld, use the Rkey to highlight the pan ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey to activate the pan function.

3. Use the arrow keys to move the map in any direction.

As you begin to move the map, a crosshair will appear. This crosshair will now serve as a target marker for the moving map. The distance and bearing to destination (at

the bottom of the page) will now be replaced by the dis-

tance and bearing from your present position to the target crosshair.

As you pan around the moving map display, you’ll notice that the target crosshair will ‘snap’ to on-scre e n waypoints and highlight the waypoint name. Once a waypoint name is highlighted, you can review its waypoint d e ﬁnition page or execute a GOTO function right fro m

the Map page.

Map Page

To review the deﬁnition page for a waypoint

highlighted in the map ﬁeld:

1. Press the Ekey.

2. To return to the Map Page, press E.

To GOTO a waypoint highlighted in the map ﬁeld:

1. Press the Gkey.

2. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the destination.

3. To return to the Map Page, press the Qkey.

To stop the panning function and return to your

present position:

1. Press the Qkey.

The last ﬁeld on the Map page is the map itself. From the zoom or pan fields, the cursor highlight may be moved into the map display by pressing the down arrow

key. The arrow keys will now move the highlight through

the map and ‘point’ at on-screen waypoints.

To point at a displayed waypoint:

1. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor highlight from the zoom ﬁeld into the map ﬁeld.

Selecting

On-Screen

Waypoints

Whenever an onscreen waypoint is selected, it will be highlighted in reverse video.

2. Once you are in the map ﬁeld, use the four arrow keys to scroll through on-screen waypoints. The arrow key you use will determine the direction of your scroll.

3. When you have scrolled through all the on-screen waypoints, the cursor will move back to the zoom or pan function ﬁeld.

4. To return the ﬁeld highlight to the zoom ﬁeld, press Q.

Once a waypoint has been selected in the map ﬁeld, its distance and bearing from your present position will be displayed in the destination ﬁeld. You can also review its waypoint deﬁnition page or select it as a GOTO destination by following the same steps outlined above for way-

points highlighted on the map ﬁeld.

Once the waypoint is highlighted, it can be quickly reviewed by pressing ENTER.

Map Page

Advanced

Zooming

& Panning

Zooming out to a higher map scale lets you pan and review large areas quickly.

One of the beneﬁts of a moving map display is being able to pan to diff e rent map areas and see what’s out there. To get the most out of panning, you’ll need to be able to zoom in and out while you’re panning. This lets you move the map at a faster speed and zoom in for waypoint details. Once the pan function is activated, the cursor highlight moves back to the zoom ﬁeld.

To adjust the zoom range while panning:

1. Press the Ekey to begin range selection.

2. Use theUand Dkeys to select the desired zoom range.

3. Press Eto return to normal panning mode.

During panning, the crosshair represents a target position on the map, with the range and bearing to the target displayed at the bottom of the screen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark a new waypoint position or as a GOTO destination right from the map ﬁeld.

To mark the target crosshair position as a new waypoint:

1. Press the Mkey to capture the position.

Creating a new waypoint as a GOTO destination with the target crosshair.

2. Enter a new name and route number if you wish.

3. Press the Ekey to return to the Map Page.

You can also use the target crosshair as an instant GOTO destination. This function will AutoStore the position and set a course for a new waypoint called ‘MAP’.

To GOTO the target crosshair:

1. Press the Gkey to capture the position.

2. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the MAP GOTO.

3. Press Qto return to the Map Page.

If you want to save the MAP waypoint, be sure to rename it, as it will be overwritten the next time a map GOTO is executed.

The GPS 90’s Map page also features an AutoZoom mode that automatically changes the map scale to keep your present position and destination on the display at

all times. Whenever a GOTO or route is activated,

AutoZoom will default to the largest map scale that will

ﬁt your present position and ‘active to’ waypoint on the

map display (up to 80 nm). As you head towards the destination, the scale will change to the next lower scale when your present position and the destination can be displayed on that particular scale. The AutoZoom feature will stop when the scale has reached the 1nm setting.

The AutoZoom feature is designed to allow you to manually change the map scale without turning the

automatic map scaling off. AutoZoom will determ i n e

whether or not to change the scale based upon the current status of the map page:

• If the map scale is manually zoomed in before an AutoZoom takes place, the automatic scaling will resume once it reaches the scale you have selected.

• If the map scale is manually changed to a setting higher than the current AutoZoom setting, automatic map scaling will be cancelled unless the map scale is manually re t u rned to the current or smaller AutoZoom setting.

• If you leave the Map page and miss an automatic scale adjustment, AutoZoom will assume you want

to keep the last selected map scale and cancel automatic map scaling.

• If the zoom field is active (it has been highlighted and the Ekey has been pressed) when the map is ready to scale down to the next level, the AutoZoom feature will be cancelled.

The AutoZoom feature is designed to be most effective

when you are continuously navigating a GOTO or a

route from the Map page, and can be turned off through

the map conﬁguration setup described on page 51.

Map Page

AutoZoom

AutoZoom at the 80 nm map scale.

AutoZoom at the 20 nm map scale.

Main Menu Page

Overview

The GPS 90 Main Menu page provides access to submenus and functions that are used to select and customize operation and navigation setup. The listings are divided into categories by function. The route management features are discussed on pages 27-33. We’ll now address the rest of the listings in the order they appear on the Main Menu page.

Main Menu

Setup

Op. Mode

Units/Datum

Audio/Display

Date/Time

Track Log

Input/Output

Nearest Apt.

Selecting a Main Menu option.

Map

Conﬁg.

Map Display

SUA Display

Route Display

AutoZoom

Range Rings

Orientation

Alarms/

CDI

SUA Alarms

Altitude Buffer

Arrival Alarm

CDI Alarm

CDI Scale

E6-B

Density Alt.

Winds Aloft

Trip/Fuel Plan

Sunrise/Sunset

Vertical Nav

User Wpt.

List

Delete Wpts. Route Creation

Routes Messages

Route Copying

Route Review

Rte. Activation

Alert Messages

Static Messages

To select a submenu page from the Main Menu page:

1. Highlight the submenu/function you want to select.

2. Press the Ekey to display the submenu/function page.

3. To return to the Main Menu page, press the Qkey.

The ﬁrst listing on the Main Menu page is the setup menu option, which provides access to the setup submenu, where you can select operating modes, display and other settings to meet your speciﬁc preferences. To select a submenu from the setup menu, simply highlight the desired listing and pre s s the Ekey.

The ﬁrst setup page is the operation mode page, which is used to select the operating mode and set an initial position reference for initialization or simulator use.

The GPS 90 has four available operating modes:

Normal Mode operates the unit at maximum perf o rmance, and should provide a battery life of 15 hours on alkaline batteries.

Battery Saver Mode is suitable for most applications, and extends battery life to up to 20 hours on alkaline batteries by reducing the unit’s update rate when navigational conditions permit (e.g., you’re travelling a steady course without constant speed or heading variations).

Simulator Mode allows you to operate the unit without acquiring satellites, and is ideal for practicing or entering waypoints and routes while at home.

A u t o L o c a t e

T M

M o d e f o rces the receiver to ‘find

itself’, or search for a new set of satellites in situations where you have moved more than 300 miles from the unit’s last known position.

To select an operating mode:

Setup Menu

Selecting an

Operating

Mode

Selecting an operating mode.

1. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘mode’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to choose a mode and press E.

The initial position ﬁeld allows you to deﬁne a starting point for simulated trips or name an initial position to speed up the acquisition process if the unit has moved

m o re than several hundred miles with the power off .

When the GPS 90 is in simulator mode, you may select a known waypoint as your starting position, or define a

distance and bearing from a known waypoint to calcu-

late your starting latitude and longitude.

When the unit is in not in simulator mode, the bearing and distance fields will not be available. Keep in

mind that while entering an initial position may speed

up acquisition, entering an incorrect initial position will have an adverse effect on the receiver’s ability to ﬁnd the necessary satellites to calculate an accurate position.

Entering an initial

position reference.

Setup Menu

Reference Waypoints & Position

Format

Entering a bearing and distance from a reference waypoint.

To enter an initial position reference:

1. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘Ref’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the identiﬁer of the reference position waypoint and press E.

If the GPS 90 is in simulator mode, the ﬁeld highlight will advance to the ‘Brg’ ﬁeld, where you may deﬁne your position in reference to the selected waypoint (the GPS 90 will calculate the position coordinates for you).

To enter a bearing:

1. With the ﬁeld highlight on the ‘Brg’ ﬁeld, press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the bearing and press E.

To enter a distance from the reference waypoint:

1. With the ﬁeld highlight on the ‘’Dis’’ ﬁeld, press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the distance and press E.

The next setup menu listing is the Units/Datum submenu, where you can select preferences for position

format, nav units, heading calculations and map datum. The default position setting is latitude and longitude in d e g rees and minutes (hdddºmm.mmm’). You may also select degrees, minutes and seconds (hdddºmm’s s . s ’’ ) ; d e g rees only (hddd.dddddº); UTM/UPS coordinates; or British, Irish, German, Swedish or Swiss Grid formats.

Selecting a position format.

To select a format:

1. Highlight to the ‘position format’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select a format and press E.

The GPS 90 lets you select nautical (default), statute or metric units of measure for all speed and distance ﬁelds.

To change the unit of measure:

1. Highlight the ‘units’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the desired unit of measure.

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the selection.

The GPS 90’s heading information can be displayed

referencing magnetic north (automatic or user-deﬁned),

true north or calculated grid headings. The default set-

ting is automatic magnetic north, which is suitable for most applications.

To select a heading preference:

1. Highlight the heading ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select a heading preference.

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the selection.

To enter a magnetic heading:

. 1. Select the ‘user mag’ heading and press E.

2. Enter the degrees of magnetic variation.

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the magnetic variation value.

The map datum ﬁeld is located just below the posi-

tion format ﬁeld, and comes with a WGS 84 default setting. Although 104 total map datums are available for use (see the map datum listing on page 78-79), you should only change the datum if you are using chart s that specify a different datum than WGS 84.

To select a map datum:

1. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘datum’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to toggle through and select the desired setting. Conﬁrm the setting by pressing E.

Setup Menu

Heading,

Datums &

Screen Contrast

The GPS 90 comes with the latitude and longitude position format a nd W GS 8 4 map datu m as the default settings.

Only change the map datum if the charts you are using specify a dif fere nt ma p datum in the legend.

The next listing available from the setup menu is the

Audio/Display submenu, which provides access to

screen contrast, backlighting and tone settings. The GPS

90 features adjustable screen contrast for optimum viewing in any condition. The screen contrast is set by using an on-screen bar scale.

To set the screen contrast:

1. Highlight the ‘Contrast’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

2. Use the Land Rkeys to adjust the bar scale for the desired contrast and press the Ekey.

WARNING!

Us in g the wr ong datum can seriously effect the accuracy of your GPS. Always set the GPS to the same datum indicated on the charts you are currently using.

Setup Menu

Backlighting,

Tones &

Time Offset

Selecting a tones setting.

The screen backlight timer is adjustab le for

0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 seconds. The ‘0’ setting will keep the screen backlighting on as long as the unit is on. Whenever screen backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the Status Page.

To set the backlight timer:

1. Highlight the ‘Backlight time’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to toggle through and select the desired setting. Conﬁrm the setting by pressing E.

3. To turn backlighting on and off, press B.

The last ﬁeld on the Audio/Display page is the t o n e s

ﬁeld. This ﬁeld lets you specify an audible tone for mes-

sage alerts and keystroke conﬁrmation. The tone may be set to sound for messages only, messages and keystrokes (default) or no sound at all.

To select a tone setting:

1. Highlight the ‘Tones’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

2. Use the arrow keypads to select the desired setting. Conﬁrm the setting by pressing the Ekey.

Entering a time offset.

The Date/Time menu provides access to the local time

o ffset and timer functions. The date and time field is located at the top half of the Date/Time page. The date and time are calculated from satellites and cannot be edited. Because the time shown is UTC time, you will need to enter a time offset to display the correct local time for your area. To determine the time offset for your area, refer to the chart on page 77.

To enter the time offset:

1. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘offset’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Enter the time offset for your longitude and press E. Remember to select a positive or negative indicator for your offset (you’ll have to move the ﬁeld highlight to the left of the offset to enter a + or - for the offset).

3. Press the Ekey to conﬁrm the offset.

Setup Menu

The GPS 90 timer function will count down from an

entered interval and alert you with a message or keep a

running timer that will count up to 99:59:59 while the unit is on.

To set the countdown timer:

1. Highlight the up/down ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the ‘Down’ setting. The ﬁeld highlight will advance to the time ﬁeld. Press the Ekey.

3. Enter the countdown time (hours, minutes & seconds).

4. Press Eto conﬁrm the setting and begin the countdown.

When the timer has elapsed, you will be inform e d with a message, and the timer will automatically transition to the count up mode, and display the time elapsed

since the timer expired. The count up timer will keep a

running clock until it is manually reset.

To reset the count up timer or enter a starting time:

1. With the timer ﬁeld in the count ‘Up’ setting, highlight the time ﬁeld and press E.

2. Press the Lkey to reset the ﬁeld, or use the arrow keypad to enter a starting time for the timer. Press Eto ﬁnish and restart the timer.

Timers &

Track Log

Setting the countdown timer.

The ﬁfth listing on the Main Menu page is the Track

Log submenu, which lets you manage and erase the

GPS 90’s tracking data. From the Track Log page, you can select whether or not to re c o rd a track and deﬁn e how it is recorded.

To turn the track log on or off:

1. Highlight the ‘record track’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Select ‘yes’ or ‘no’ and press E.

The stored track criteria determines how often positions are stored in the track log. The default setting is automatic, which stores track based on resolution. This setting gives you the most efficient use of track memory. A time interval setting is also available to re c o rd the track log at a user-speciﬁed interval.

To reset the count up timer, press the LEFT ARROW key.

Setup Menu

Track Log &

I/O Formats

Conﬁrm the ‘Yes?’ prompt to clear the track log.

To change the track criteria to the time interval setting:

1. Highlight the ‘criteria’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the Uor Dkey to select ‘Time Interval’ and press E.

3. Press Eto begin entry of the interval.

4. Enter a value in hours, minutes and seconds in the ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

The rest of the track log setup page displays the percentage of available memory currently used to store track log data and a function ﬁeld to clear the track log memory. Stored track logs may also be downloaded to a PC with the GPS 90’s optional PC Kit, available from your local dealer or directly from GARMIN.

To clear the track log:

1. Highlight ‘clear track log?’ and press E.

2. A warning page will appear, asking you to conﬁrm clearing the track log. Use the Lkey to move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘yes’ ﬁeld.

Selecting an Input/Output format.

3. Press Eto clear the track log.

The next listing available from the setup menu is the

Input/Output setup page, where you can specify the i n t e rfacing formats for connecting external devices. Five I/O options available: GRMN/GRMN , None/None, None/NMEA, RTCM/None, & RTCM/NMEA. Each format lists the input format ﬁrst, followed by the output format.

To select I/O format:

1. Highlight the I/O ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the Uand Dkeys to toggle through and select the desired setting and press E.

The GRMN/GRMN setting is a proprietary format that lets you exchange user data between two GPS 90s or a PC with an optional GARMIN PC kit. During data transfer, the number of packets being exchanged will be displayed on screen.

Setup Menu

To select a transfer option:

1. Highlight the ‘host’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. UseUandDto select the desired setting and pressE.

To disable all GPS 90 interfacing capabilities, select

the None/None setting. If you want to output NMEA data to compatible external devices without any differential input capability, select the None/NMEA setting.

Once a NMEA output setting has been selected (with or

without RTCM input), the NMEA field will become

highlig hted. NMEA f o r mats 0180, 01 82 or 018 3

(version 1.5 or 2.0) are available.

To select an NMEA format:

1. Press Eto begin a NMEA selection.

2. Use the Uand Dkeys to select the desired setting.

3. Press the Ekey.

4. The baud rate will be selected automatically.

The last two format settings allo w th e GPS 90 to accept DGPS corrections in RTCM 104 version 2.0 format. The RTCM/NONE format will allow connection to any manually tuned beacon receiver with the proper

interface, with the baud rate selectable from the GPS 90.

The RTCM/NMEA selection controls the GARMIN GBR21 beacon re c e i v e r. Once a RTCM setting has been selected, the GPS 90 will automatically try to tune the last frequency and bit rate you selected or will switch to

the default frequency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100

bps if no previous beacon has been tuned. You may also enter your own frequency and bit rate if desired.

To enter a DGPS beacon frequency:

NMEA Formats

& DGPS

Selecting an NMEA format.

1. Highlight the ‘freq’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Enter the desired frequency and press E.

3. Highlight the ‘rate’ ﬁeld and press E.

4. Use Uand Dto select the rate and press E.

Receiving DGPS corrections.

Setup Menu

DGPS &

Nearest Airport

Setup

Selecting a nearest airport surface type.

When the GPS 90 is receiving DGPS corrections, the ‘beacon receiver’ section of the I/O setup page will display the frequency and signal strength, as well as the distance from the transmitter to the beacon receiver. A status message will constantly keep you informed of DGPS activity:

• A ‘tuning’ message will be displayed while a beacon signal is being tuned.

• Once the beacon signal has been tuned, the status message will display a ‘receiving’ message.

• If a signal is tuned and no corrections are being received, a ‘no data’ message will be displayed.

• If a beacon signal cannot be tuned, a ‘no status’ message will be displayed.

The last listing on the GPS 90’s setup menu is the near-

est airport function, which allows you to define the type and minimum length of runway used to calculate the nearest airports. The options for runway surfaces are:

• Any: (Default setting) any runway, regardless of sur-

face type, including water landing facilities.

• Hard O n l y : Only runways with a concrete, asphalt

or similar sealed surface.

• Hard or Soft: All runways except water landing.

• Water Only: Only water landing facilities.

To select a runway surface:

Entering a minimum runway length.

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the runway surface ﬁeld.

2. Press the Ekey.

3. Use the arrow keypad to select the surface and press E.

The bottom of the nearest airport page allows you to designate a minimum runway length used to determ i n e the nine nearest airports. The default setting is 0 feet.

To enter a minimum runway length:

1. Highlight the ‘Minimum Length’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Enter the desired runway length and press the Ekey.

The second option available from the Main Menu is

the Map Configuration submenu, which lets you select what features are displayed on the map, choose a map orientation and control other map features.

To change the default conﬁguration of the map:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the desired map feature.

2. Press the Ekey.

3. Use Uand Dto select the ‘On’ or ‘Off’ and press E.

The top section of the page lists the ﬁve waypoint cat-

egories and an ‘ID’ ﬁeld, which lets you designate what types of waypoints will appear on the map and whether or not the identiﬁers for a waypoint category are displayed.

The next section of the configuration page lets you define what special use airspace boundaries are displayed on the map. The ‘Other ’ air space cate gory

includes alert, caution, danger, training and warn i n g

a reas. Prohibited airspaces are not selectable, and are

al ways displayed. Tu rning off an airspace simply removes it from the map display, and DOES NOT turn off the alert messages for an airspace category. For more on SUAs, see pages 52-53.

The third section of the configuration page contro l s

the map’s route and track log features. The ‘ROUTES’ ﬁeld lets you select whether or not the GPS 90 will display the straight leg lines between the waypoints of an active route and display all route waypoint names. The ‘ T R A C K LOG’ sets the number of points the unit will attempt to plot. The maximum number of points that can be displayed is 999, with 2048 maximum points

recorded.

The last section of the conﬁguration page lets you turn the GPS 90’s AutoZoom (see page 41) and range ring

(see right) features on or off and deﬁne a map orientation. The ‘DISPLAY’ ﬁeld lets you set the map to a north up, track up (the direction of current travel) or a desired track up (the direction of an active route leg) orientation.

Map Config

Turning Off

Map Features

The map conﬁgura-

tion page, with all settings in the default position. Turning off unwanted features

will help declutter the

map presentation.

When the display is not in track up mode, the present position will be indicated by a diamond icon.

Alarms/CDI

SUAs

The third option available on the GPS 90’s Main Menu

page is the Alarms/CDI submenu, which is used to control SUA alarms, set arrival and CDI alarms and deﬁne the course deviation indicator scale.

You can see your position relative to nearby SUAs right on the map page.

Information on SUAs is only available from the GOTO/NRST key when you are actually being warned with one of the four SUA conditions (see right).

Keep in mind that SUA warnings are based on your current GPS altitude, track and speed.

SUA Alerts

(2 nm)

The GPS 90’s special use airspace feature will inform you if any restricted or controlled airspace is near or in your ﬂight path, according to the following conditions:

1. If your projected course will take you inside an SUA within the next 10 minutes, a ‘SUA ahead < 10

min’ message will be displayed.

2. If you are within 2 nm of an SUA and your current

course will take you inside, a ‘SUA near & ahead’ message will be displayed.

3. If you have entered an SUA, a ‘Inside SUA’ message will be displayed.

4. If you are within 2 nm of an SUA and your current course will not take you inside the airspace, a ‘Near SUA < 2nm’ will be displayed.

•

All SUA alerts are based on your present GPS altitude.

The GPS 90’s SUA alarms for the following airspace

types may be turned on or off from the alarms/CDI page:

• Class B/CTA- ICAO control area

• Class C/TMA- ICAO Terminal Control Area

• MOA- Military Operations Area

• Restricted- Restricted areas

• O t h e r- Other airspaces, including alert, caution, danger and warning areas

A l a r m warnings for prohibited areas may not be

t u rned off. Keep in mind that turning a warning ‘off’

from the alarms/CDI page will only prevent the you from

receiving a message alert for an airspace. SUA informa-

tion will still be displayed on the map page unless that

category is turned off from the map conﬁguration page.

To turn an SUA category on or off:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the desired SUA category.

2. Press the Ekey.

3. Use the arrow keypad to select the ‘on’ or ‘off’ position.

Alarms/CDI

Turning Off

SUA Alarms

Turning an SUA alarms category off.

4. Press the Ekey.

The ‘ALT BUF’ ﬁeld, located directly below the SUA

alarm settings, is an altitude buffer that allows you to set a speciﬁc altitude range for triggering SUA alerts. This helps add an extra margin of safety to your estimated altitude error to ensure you receive SUA messages in

time to avoid unwanted SUA intrusions. The default alti-

tude buffer is 200 feet.

The value of the altitude buffer is added to an estimated altitude error calculated by the GPS 90. This value is then added or subtracted from your present GPS alti-

tude. If the ﬁnal adjusted altitude falls within an SUA,

you’ll receive a message. If the adjusted altitude does not

place you in an SUA, you won’t receive the message.

Setting an altitude buffer.

Alarms/CDI

To enter an altitude buffer:

Arrival &

CDI Alarms

Setting the arrival alarm.

1. Highlight the ‘ALT BUF’ ﬁeld and press E.

Use the arrow keypad to enter a buffer value and pressE.

The next function available from the alarms/CDI page

is the waypoint arrival alarm, which will activate an alarm message once you’ve come within a set distance to a destination waypoint.

To set the arrival alarm:

1. Highlight the arrival ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the ‘ON’ setting.

3. Press Eto begin entry of the alarm distance.

4. Use the arrow keypad to enter a distance (to 99.9 nm).

5. Press the Ekey.

The last section of the alarms/CDI page allows you to

set a CDI/crosstrack alarm and deﬁne the course deviation indicator scale. The CDI alarm will provide amessage when your crosstrack error exceeds a speciﬁed distance.

To set the CDI alarm:

1. Highlight the ‘CDI ALARM’ ﬁeld and press E.

Setting the CDI alarm.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the ‘ON’ setting.

3. Press Eto begin entry of the alarm distance.

4. Use the arrow keypad to enter a distance (to 99.9 nm).

5. Press the Ekey.

The CDI scale ﬁeld lets you select the +/- range of the

CDI bar scale that appears on the Nav Page. Three scales are available: +/- 0.25, 1.25 and 5.0 miles or kilometers, with 1.25 being the default setting.

To select a CDI scale:

1. Highlight the ‘SCALE’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select a scale and press E.

E6-B Menu

The Main Menu page also provides access to the GPS

9 0 ’s E6-B functions, which can be used to calculate density altitude, winds aloft, fuel usage, sunrise & sunset

and vertical navigation proﬁles.

To calculate density altitude and true air speed:

1. Highlight the indicated altitude ﬁeld (IAlt) and press E.

2. Enter the altitude from your altimeter and press E.

3. Press Eto begin entry of your calibrated airspeed (CAS).

4. Enter the calibrated airspeed and press E.

5. Press Eto begin entry of your current altimeter setting.

6. Enter the altimeter pressure and press E.

7. Press Eto begin entry of the total air temperature (TAT).

8. Enter the TAT (standard outside air temperature gauge on most piston aircraft) and press the Ekey.

The calculated density altitude and true airspeed will

be displayed at the bottom of the page.

The GPS 90 winds aloft function will calculate the

wind direction, speed and head/tail wind conditions for

you from by entering your true air speed and curre n t

heading.

To calculate winds aloft:

Density Altitude

& Winds Aloft

Calculating density

altitude and true

air speed.

1. Highlight the true airspeed ﬁeld (TAS) and press E.

2. Enter the TAS (use the density altitude function if you do not know TAS) and press E.

3. Press Eto begin entry of your current heading (Hdg).

4. Enter your heading and press E.

The wind direction, speed and the head/tail wind

conditions will be displayed at the bottom of the winds

aloft page.

Calculating winds aloft.

E6-B Menu

Waypoint &

Route Planning

The GPS 90’s trip and fuel planning function w i l l

calculate the desired track, distance, estimated time e n route and fuel re q u i rements between any two waypoints or for any programmed route. The ﬁrst ﬁeld (at the top left of the planning page) allows you to select between waypoint or route planning.

To perform a waypoint to waypoint trip and fuel plan:

1.Highlight the Waypoint/Rte ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the ‘Waypoint’ option and press E. The ﬁeld highlight will move to the ‘From’ ﬁeld.

3. Press Eto begin selection of the ‘From’ waypoint.

4. Enter the starting waypoint for the trip, or leave the ﬁeld blank to start from your present position and press E. The ﬁeld highlight will advance to the ‘To’ ﬁeld.

5. Press Eto begin selection of the ‘To’ waypoint.

Waypoint to waypoint trip and fuel planning.

Selecting a route for trip and fuel planning.

6. Enter the destination waypoint and press E.

7. Press Eto begin entry of the trip speed.

8. Enter the trip speed and press E. The ﬁeld highlight will advance to the ‘Flow’ ﬁeld.

9. Press Eto begin entry of the fuel ﬂow.

10. Enter the fuel ﬂow for the trip and press E.

The desired track (DTK), distance (DIS), fuel re q u i rement (REQ) and estimated time enroute (ETE) of the trip will be displayed at the bottom of the planning page.

The GPS 9 0 ’s route planning function will calculate the same trip information for any programmed route and provide data on both the entire route and each individual route leg.

To perform a route trip and fuel plan:

1.Highlight the Waypoint/Rte ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to select the ‘Rte’ option and press . The ﬁeld highlight will move to the route number ﬁeld.

Once the route option has been selected, you’ll need to select the route number you want to perform the trip planning for.

3. Press Eto begin selection of the desired route.

4. Enter the route number and press E. The ﬁeld highlight will advance to the ‘Leg’ ﬁeld, where you can select to either ‘All’ or a speciﬁc route leg (Leg 1, etc.) to calculate.

5. Press the Ekey.

6. Press Eto begin entry of the route or leg speed.

7. Enter the trip speed and press E. The ﬁeld highlight will advance to the ‘Flow’ ﬁeld.

8. Press Eto begin entry of the hourly fuel ﬂow.

9. Enter the fuel ﬂow for the route or leg and press E.

E6-B Menu

Route Planning

Sunrise/Sunset

The GPS 90 will display the distance, fuel requirement and the estimated time enroute for the route or route leg, and provide the desired track for each leg.

The next E6-B function available is the sunrise/sun- set calculator, which will allow you to calculate the

sunrise and sunset for any known waypoint or your pre-

sent position for a speciﬁc date.

To calculate sunrise/sunset information:

1. Highlight the waypoint ﬁeld and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the desired waypoint, or leave the waypoint ﬁeld blank to calculate the sunrise/ sunset for your present position and press E. The ﬁeld highlight will automatically advance to the date ﬁeld.

3. Press Eto begin entry of the date. The default date will be the current date as calculated by the GPS satellites.

4. Use the arrow keypad to enter the desired date, month and year (the last two digits).

5. Press E. The sunrise and sunset for the entered date will be displayed at the bottom of the page.

Selecting the leg/all mode for route planning calculations.

Entering a date

for sunrise/sunset

planning.

E6-B Menu

VNAV

The last option featured on the GPS 90’s E6-B menu is

the v e r tical navigation (VNAV) function, which lets you create a rate of descent profile from your pre s e n t position and altitude to a ﬁnal altitude at a speciﬁed location. To use the VNAV feature, your aircraft ground speed must be greater than 35 knots, and you must be navigating an active GOTO or route.

Entering initial altitude for the VNAV function.

Selecting a VNAV waypoint reference.

To perform a VNAV calculation:

1. Highlight the ‘From’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Enter the initial altitude and press E.

3. Press Eto begin entry of the ﬁnal (To) altitude.

4. Enter the desired ﬁnal altitude and pressE.

5. Press Eto begin entry of the offset (the distance from the waypoint you’ll be referencing for your ﬁnal altitude).

6. Press Eand use the arrow keypad to select the ‘Before’ or ‘After’ option for the distance offset.

7. PressEto conﬁrm.

8. Press Eand use the arrow keypad to enter the waypoint you want to use as a reference for your ﬁnal altitude. If you are navigating an active route, the waypoint ﬁeld will offer the route waypoints for the reference waypoint.

9. Press Eto conﬁrm the waypoint. The vertical speed for the descent will appear in the ‘At’ ﬁeld.

To activate the VNAV function:

1. Review the calculated vertical speed. If the calculated speed does not ﬁt within the performance guidelines of your aircraft, manually enter the appropriate speed in the ‘At’ ﬁeld and press E.

2. Highlight the ‘Vnav’ ﬁeld.

3. Press the Ekey.

4. Use the arrow keypad to select the’On’ setting.

5. Press E.

The VNAV status at the bottom of the page will change from ‘Enter Proﬁle’ to ‘Begin In _____’, indicating the time remaining to begin the descent. Once you

a re less than 15 seconds from the starting point of the descent, you’ll be informed with a ‘Start Altitude

Change’ message. If the maneuver has already start e d ,

the status ﬁeld will display a ‘Navigating’ status.

While the VNAV function is active, the vertical navigation page will provide a continuous display of the re commended altitude you should be at (the ‘From’ ﬁe l d )

and vertical speed re q u i red (the ‘At’ field) to complete

the maneuver.

When the recommended altitude is within 1,000 feet of the final altitude, you’ll be informed with a ‘Final

Altitude Alert’ message. The recommended altitude during any active VNAV maneuver is also displayed at the bottom right of the Navigation Page.

The VNAV function will be cancelled automatically if

the active route or GOTO is changed in any way (e.g.,

performing an on-route GOTO or adding a waypoint to a route). Whenever this happens, you’ll be inform e d with a ‘VNAV Cancelled’ message. If your current speed

does not exceed 35 knots, or a route waypoint that has

already been past is selected, the status line will display

‘Invalid Proﬁle’. If there is no active GOTO or route, the

status ﬁeld will display ‘No Active Waypoint’.

E6-B Menu

VNAV

The ‘Begin In’ ﬁeld indicates the time remaining before you should begin your descent.

Whenever the active route is modiﬁed in any way, the VNAV will automatically be cancelled.

Main Menu

Page

Waypoint List

& Messages

The last three options available from the GPS 90’s Main

Menu Page are the user waypoint list, route manage- ment function and messages page. The route management features are described in detail on pages 27-33. The user waypoint list provides you with a complete list of all user waypoints stored in the GPS 90. The total number of used and free waypoints is indicated at the top of the page. From the user waypoint list, you can quickly GOTO a selected waypoint, review a selected waypoint’s waypoint page or delete all user waypoints.

To select a waypoint as a GOTO destination:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint and press G.

2. Press Eto activate the GOTO.

To review the waypoint page of a listed waypoint:

1. Highlight the desired waypoint and press the Ekey.

User waypoint list.

To delete all user waypoints, highlight the ‘Yes’ prompt and press ENTER.

2. To return to the waypoint list, press Eagain.

To delete all user waypoints:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the ‘DELETE ALL WPTS?’ prompt and press E.

2. Use the Lkey to move the ﬁeld highlight to the ‘Yes?’ prompt on the delete waypoints conﬁrmation page.

3. Press the Ekey.

The message page displays all current messages in the

GPS 90. There are two types of messages: temporary a l e rts (eg. approaching a waypoint) and condition alert s (eg. battery power is low). All messages are initially indicated by a ﬂashing on-screen indicator. After a temporary alert has been viewed, it is cleared form the message page. Condition alerts are displayed on the messages page until the condition has been resolved. For a complete list of messages, see Appendix F.

To view the messages page:

1. Move the ﬁeld highlight to the “Messages’ ﬁeld and press

. To return to the Main Menu Page, press E.

The GPS 90’s simulator mode lets you practice all

aspects of its operation without active satellite acquisition. You can also plan and practice trips, enter new

waypoints and routes and save them for use during normal operation. The simulator mode is activated from the Menu page, with aircraft speed and heading contro l l e d from the Position or Navigation pages.

To activate the simulator mode:

1. Press Prepeatedly until the Main Menu page appears.

2. Use Uor Dkey highlight to the ‘Setup Menu’ option.

3. Press the Ekey.

4. The setup menu will appear, with the ‘Operation Mode’ option highlighted. Press the Ekey.

5. Once the Operation Mode page appears, use the Dkey to highlight the ‘Current Mode’ ﬁeld.

Main Menu

Page

Simulator Mode

6. Press Eto begin selection of the operating mode.

7. Use the Uand Dkeys to toggle through and select the ‘Simulator’ option.

8. Press Eto conﬁrm the simulator selection.

The initial position function may be used to deﬁne the

starting position for any simulated trip.

To enter an initial position:

1. Highlight the ‘Ref’ and press E.

2. Use the arrow keypad to enter the desired identiﬁer of the starting position.

3. Press Eto conﬁrm your selection.

4. To deﬁne the starting position as a bearing and distance from the reference waypoint:

• Highlight the ‘Brg’ or ‘Dis’ ﬁeld and press E.

• Enter the desired bearing or distance.

• Press the Ekey to ﬁnish.

Selecting simulator mode.

Entering an initial position.

Main Menu

Page

Simulator Mode

Entering track and speed from the Position page.

Once the simulator mode has been activated, use the Position or Navigation Page to set your speed and track. You may also enter a new position if you desire (only from the Position Page).

To enter track, speed and position:

1. Highlight the ‘track’ ﬁeld and press the Ekey.

2. Enter a track heading and press E.

3. Highlight the ‘speed’ ﬁeld and press E.

4. Enter a speed and press E.

5. Highlight the ‘position’ ﬁeld and press E.

6. Enter a position and press the Ekey.

The GPS 90 does not track satellites in simulator mode. Although you can create and save waypoints and routes

⌃

while using the simulator mode, never attempt to use the simulator mode for ac tual navigation. The GPS 90 will always power up in the last selected satellite mode.

Appendix A

The ﬁrst time you power up your new GPS 90 is an

i m p o rtant step in getting the best possible GPS perf o r-

mance. The receiver must be given an opportunity to

collect satellite almanac data and establish its present

position. This initialization process can take 7 1/2 to 15

minutes and is only necessary for ﬁrst time operation or

after memory loss. Once your GPS 90 has been properly

initialized, you should acquire satellites and obtain a

position within a few minutes each time you power up.

Your GPS 90 is shipped in AutoLocate mode, which is designed to let the receiver ‘ﬁnd itself’ without using its last known position (you don’t need to worry about what lat/lon is currently displayed on the Position Page,

as the unit is not using that information to calculate your present position). AutoLocate works best when:

• The unit’s portable antenna is in the proper orientation (see page 65) and has a clear view of the sky

from horizon to horizon in all directions. Stay away

from all buildings, heavy tree cover and other structures that may block satellite signals.

• The unit is not moving during initialization. Let the receiver ﬁnd an initial position before you take off.

• You wait for an initial position to be computed. If you turn the unit off before acquiring a position, it

may increase the time to ﬁrst ﬁx the next time you

power the unit up.

If you want to speed up the initialization process, you can manually enter your present position through the initial position reference (see page 44) or on the Position Page (see page 36). Keep in mind that manually entering

a latitude and longitude or position re f e rence will take

the unit out of AutoLocate mode, and rely on your entry to look for the proper set of satellites (make sure you enter the coordinates accurately).

If you experience trouble acquiring satellites or obtaining a position ﬁx, refer to the troubleshooting section in Appendix D.

Initialization

Initializing Your GPS 90

To initialize your unit for ﬁrst time use:

• Rotate the portable antenna so it is perpendicular to the ground (see page 64). If you’re using the suction cup mount, position the antenna so has the best possible view of the sky, as perpendicular to the ground as your windscreen will allow (see page 65).

• Press and hold the red power key for two seconds.

• Remain in the same location until the GPS 90 has calculated a position (the Status page will be replaced by the Position page if no other buttons have been pressed during acquisition).

Appendix B

Installation

The GPS 90 includes an adjustable yoke mounting bracket that may be attached to the control yoke for easy access without blocking the view of the instrument panel. The standard yoke clamp is designed to ﬁt 90% of general aviation aircraft. The mount will have to be reconﬁgured to ﬁt Bonanza, Baron and some other Beech models with center column control.

For Bonanza, Baron & other Beech center column controls, reconﬁgure the yoke mount clamp by removing the upper knob and reattaching the clamp from the right side using the hole provided.

To attach the yoke mount to the control yoke on most aircraft:

1. Loosen the lower mounting knob.

2. Slide the clamp over the yoke shaft just behind the control wheel and tighten the lower knob securely.

3. Make sure the clamp is as close as possible to the wheel and check to ensure that yoke travel is not limited or hindered in any way by the yoke mount.

Appendix B

For Bonanza, Baron and other aircraft with Beech

center column control:

1. Unscrew and remove the upper mounting knob.

2. Reposition the C-clamp as shown in the inset on page 64 and reattach the bracket using the upper knob assembly.

3. Open the clamp as wide as possible by unscrewing the lower mounting knob.

4. Slide the clamp over the horizontal member of the control yoke, keeping the clamp as far towards the center column as possible.

5. Tighten the lower mounting knob securely.

6. Check to make sure that yoke travel is not limited or hindered in any way by the yoke mount.

ANTENNA INSTALLATION

The GPS 90’s portable antenna should be used with

the suction cup adapter and extension cable and mount-

ed to the inside of your windscreen. Remember to attach the antenna and cable where it does not block your vision of primary instruments and does not interf e re

with yoke control in any way. Try to orient the antenna

so it has the best possible view of the sky, as perpendicu-

lar to the ground as the windshield slope allows.

Installation

Antenna Removal

The GPS 90’s antenna may b e remo v e d to attach to t h e air c raft windscreen with the suction cup mount adapter. To remove the antenna:

• Rot a te the knur le d knob (located at the bottom left of the antenna)

toward the front of the unit one-quarter turn.

• Pull the antenna gently away from the unit.

• To install the suction cup cable leads, mate the BN C co n n ect or notches with the mounting posts and turn the knurled knob one-quarter turn clockwise.

Appendix C

Batteries

& Electrical

Wiring

The GPS 90 may be powered by four AA b a t t e r i e s , wired directly to 8-40 volt DC power, or by an optional c i g a rette lighter plug adapter. The internal AA batteries provide up to 15 hours of operation in normal mode and up to 20 hours of operation in battery saver mode on 4 AA alkaline batteries. Rechargeable Ni-Cad or lithium batteries may also be used. Note that the battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline batteries, and Ni-Cad and lithium batteries will only show battery life at part i a l scale. No other functions will be affected.

Battery Installation

To install batteries:

1. Remove the battery cover by turning the thumb loop 1/4 turn counter-clockwise.

2. Insert batteries into position. The battery pole you can still see should match the symbol marked on the case

3. Replace the battery cover by turning the thumb loop 1/4 turn clockwise.

Never store your GPS 90 wi thout batter ies. A built-in

⌃

rechargeable lithium battery will save almanac and waypoint data while you are changing the batteries, but will only save data for a few months. If you’re storing the unit for the season, put in a fresh set of alkaline batteries to help prevent loss of stored data.

The GPS 90 Power/Data Cable allows you run the unit off 8-40 volts DC power and connect to external devices. Always use the power cable with a 2 amp fuse (included).

To connect the power/data cable:

1. Connect the red lead to the positive side of a 8-40 VDC source.

2. Connect the black lead to the negative side of the power source.

3. Connect the white lead to the output port of a connected device.

4. Connect the brown lead to the input port of a connected device.

The following interface formats are supported by the

GPS 90 for driving three NMEA devices:

• NMEA 0180 • NMEA 0182

• NMEA 0183 version 1.5

Approved sentences:

GPBWC, GPGLL, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPXTE, GPVTG, GPWPL

Proprietary sentences:

PGRMM (map datum), PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB (beacon rec. control)

• NMEA 0183 version 2.0

Approved sentences:

GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPRTE, GPWPL

Proprietary sentences:

PGRME (estimated error), PGRMM (map datum), PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB (beacon receiver control)

Appendix C

Batteries

& Electrical

Wiring

If you are using the power/data cable, make sure the power/data con-

nector is properly

installed in the mounting bracket before inserting the unit in the bracket.

To connect to external power, open the rubber plug on the back of the unit and snap the GPS 90 ﬁrmly into the mounting bracket. Once

the unit is properly connected, the GPS 90 will run off external power,

and the battery level

indicator will no longer

appear on the Satellite

Status page.

Appendix D

Troubleshooting

The GPS 90 features a dry nitrogen-ﬁlled case and quality construction to provide reliable navigation without user maintenance. These design beneﬁts, coupled with advanced self-test and AutoLocate modes, help the GPS 90 maintain the best possible performance over time. If you’re experiencing difficulty using your unit, read the following Q & A section for solutions to common problems and suggestions for getting the most from your GPS 90.

Why won’t my GPS 90 power up?

Make sure a fresh set of AA batteries are correctly installed (see page 66). If y o u ’ re using external power, check the cable connection at the back of the unit, the DC wiring and the fuse for the circuit you’re using. Last but not least, make sure you’re holding the red power key down for two seconds to turn the

unit on. See pages 5, 66 and 67 for more information.

Why does my GPS 90 come on in Searching the Sky mode with an ‘All Stored Data Lost’ message?

When a GPS 90 loses all waypoint and satellite data, a ‘Searching the Sky’

and ‘Stored Data Lost’ message will appear on the message page shortly after the unit is turned on the ﬁrst time after data loss. There are three ways this can

happen:

• The unit has been stored without batteries

• The POWER and MARK keys have been pressed simultaneously to turn the unit on

• The GPS has failed internally

If all satellite and waypoint data has been lost, a master reset should be per-

formed to ensure that any possible data corruption is cleared (see page 71).

Once the reset is performed, it may take 7 1/2 to 30 minutes to obtain a posi-

tion ﬁx, as satellite data needs to be collected for each satellite being used. See

the Battery & Antenna Installation sections for more information.

Appendix D

Troubleshooting

It’s important to note that unless your GPS fails internally, you should never experience complete loss of data. To avoid losing data by battery failure or an inadvertent keystrokes, take the following precautions:

• Always store your unit with a fresh set of alkaline batteries installed to preserve waypoint & satellite data. A rechargeable lithium battery will retain memory while batteries are being changed for a few months.

• Always store your GPS 90 in a position where it’s not possible for multiple keys to be pressed simultaneously by accident.

My GPS 90 comes on in AutoLocate mode (Searching the Sky without

losing data). What does this mean?

The GPS 90’s AutoLocate mode is an advanced software feature that

allows the GPS to ﬁnd itself anywhere in the world, without knowing its

present position or time. Even though the GPS may not know position or time, the satellite data stored in memory can help the unit obtain a position ﬁx without going through the satellite constellation sequentially.

Your unit is shipped in AutoLocate mode to help provide you with the fastest initialization possible without entering your present position. Once you’ve obtained an initial position, AutoLocate mode will only be

necessary when you’ve moved several hundred miles from the receiver’s

last known position. Because AutoLocate mode is a manual selection in

the GPS 90, you should only encounter it under the following conditions:

• When you’ve selected it from the operation setup page

• First time use initialization

• The POWER and PAGE keys have been pressed simultaneously

• After a master reset has been performed

If your unit has powered up in AutoLocate mode, you can cancel the mode by manually entering your lat/lon (see page 36) or changing the mode from the setup page (see page 43).

Appendix D

Troubleshooting

Why does my GPS 90 take so long to acquire a position?

There are several variables that can effect how long the GPS 90 takes to calcu-

late a position ﬁx. These variables can be placed into 3 categories:

• Current view of the sky

• Incorrect operating mode

• Antenna connections/internal failure The c u rrent view of the sky d e t e rmines what satellites are ‘visible’ to the

GPS antenna. Because GPS signals are relatively low power, they do not travel t h rough buildings or other signiﬁcant stru c t u res (usually not a concern when using your unit for ﬂying). That means you need to give your GPS a clear view of the sky in all directions. This is especially true when the unit is calculating an initial ﬁx. If you’re using the suction cup antenna, make sure the antenna has the best view of the sky as possible. For portable use, make sure the antenna is oriented in the correct position, and there are no buildings or other significant structures to block the satellite signals. Once the GPS has determined your position, it can usually provide accurate updates in less than ideal conditions.

Selecting the wrong operating mode can make it impossible for your GPS

to calculate a position. When the GPS 90 is powered up, it begins searching for a set of satellites based upon the receiver’s last known position, the time of day, and satellite almanac data stored in memory. An incorrect operating mode, inaccurate latitude and longitude or incorrect internal clock can cause your GPS to look for satellites that may be on the other side of the earth. Generally speaking, the GPS 90 should be used in normal or battery saver mode unless:

• The GPS 90 is being initialized for ﬁrst time use

• You’ve moved several hundred miles from the re c e i v e r ’s last known position with the unit off

• All satellite data has been lost due to battery failure

Appendix D

Troubleshooting

Antenna connections and internal failures may also result in long acquisition

times, no position ﬁx or intermittent reception:

• Check the GPS 90’s portable antenna connection by rotating the black knob clockwise until it stops (see page 65 for instructions).

• Position the antenna so it’s perpendicular to the ground

If you’re using the suction cup antenna mount:

• Check the antenna connections at both ends

• Make sure the antenna has a clear view of the sky and as perpendicular to the ground as your windscreen allows.

Is there any way to completely reset my unit?

The GPS 90 is designed to provide years of reliable service without any rou-

tine maintenance or adjustments. If the unit has been stored without batteries, or

you have encountered a problem that was not solved by the troubleshooting tips,

you may ﬁnd it necessary to perform a master reset on your unit. A master reset will clear any corrupt data (e.g., incorrect UTC time, etc.) and place the unit in AutoLocate mode for re-initialization.

NOTE: Performing a master reset will also clear all user data, including user

waypoints, routes and track logs.

To perform a master reset:

1. Press the Band Mkeys simultaneously for 2 seconds.

Once the unit has been reset, allow the unit 15-30 minutes to acquire new

satellite data and calculate a position (see page 63).

Appendix E

Glossary

Almanac Data—Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin.

Bearing—The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG)—The bearing from the ‘active from’ position (your

starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTE)—The distance you are off a desired course in either

direction. Desired Track (DTK)—The compass course between the ‘from’ and ‘to’ way-

points. D i ff e rential GPS (DGPS)—An extension of the GPS system that uses land-

based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)—The time of day of your arrival at a desti-

nation. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE)—The time left to your destination at your pre-

sent speed. Grid—A coordinate system that projects the earth on a ﬂat surface, using square

zones for position measurements.

Ground Speed—The velocity you are travelling relative to a ground position. Latitude—A north/south measurement of position perpendicular to the earth’s

polar axis. L o n g i t u d e —An east/west measurement of position in relation to the Prime

Meridian, an imaginary circle that passes through the north and south poles. Position—An exact, unique location based on a geographic coordinate system.

Track (TRK)—The direction of movement relative to a

ground position. Universal Transverse Merc a t o r- (UTM)— A grid

coordinate system that projects global sections onto a ﬂat surface to measure position in speciﬁc zones.

Velocity Made Good (VMG)—The speed you are clos-

ing in on a destination along a desired course.

Appendix E

Glossary

The diagram below illustrates some of the basic navigation terms used with the GPS 90.

Appendix F

Messages

Accuracy has been Degraded—The accuracy of the GPS 90 has been degraded beyond 500 meters due to poor satellite geometry or data quality. You should check other navigational sources to verify the position indicated.

Already Exists—The waypoint name you are entering already exists in the GPS 90’s memory.

Approaching—You are less than one minute away from reaching a destination waypoint.

Arrival At—You are within the arrival alarm circle of the indicated waypoint. Battery Power is Low—The AA batteries are low and should be replaced. Cannot Navigate Locked Route—You have attempted to navigate a route with

a locked waypoint. A waypoint can be ‘locked’ when the database is updated if the waypoint does not exist in the new database.

C a n ’t change Active WPT—You have attempted to change the ‘active to’ or ‘active from’ waypoint. Clear the active route or GOTO before making your changes.

C D I A l a rm —Your course deviation has exceeded the limit specified on the alarms setup page.

Final Altitude Alert—The current altitude is within 1000 feet of the ﬁnal altitude entered on the VNAV page.

Inside SUA—Your aircraft has entered the boundaries of a special use or controlled airspace.

Leg Not Smoothed—The upcoming route leg is too short for smooth waypoint transitions.

The GPS 90 uses a flashing on-scre e n message to alert you to important inform a t i o n . Whenever the message indicator appears, pre s s the Pkey to view the message page. There are two types of messages: temporary alerts and condition alerts. Te m p o r a ry alerts are cleared fro m the message page after viewing, while condition alerts remain on the message page until the condition has been resolved. Pay careful attention to all messages for your own safety.

Appendix F

Messages

Near SUA < 2nm—Your present position is within 2 nm of an SUA boundary,

but you are not projected to enter it.

No Position—You have tried to save an AutoStore waypoint before a GPS position has been calculated.

No DGPS P o s i t i o n —Not enough data is being received to compute a DGPS position.

No RTCM Input—Beacon receiver is not properly connected or baud rates do

not match. Poor GPS C o v e r a g e — The GPS 90 cannot acquire the necessary number of

satellites to compute a position. Power Down and Re-init—The GPS 90 is not able to calculate a position due

to abnormal satellite conditions. Tu rn the unit off and verify the last position shown by other means.

Read Only Mem has Failed—The permanent memory has failed and the unit

is not operable. Take your unit to an authorized GARMIN dealer for repairs. Received an Invalid WPT—A waypoint was received during upload transfer

that has an invalid identiﬁer.

Receiver has Failed—A failure in receiver hardware has been detected. If this

message persists, do not use the unit and take it to an authorized dealer for

repair.

Route is Full—You have attempted to add more than 30 waypoints to a route. Route is not Empty—You have attempted to copy into a route already in use. Route Waypoint Can’t be Deleted—The waypoint you are trying to delete is

part of a route. You must ﬁrst delete the waypoint from the route before striking

it from memory.

Appendix F

Messages

Route Waypoint was Deleted—A route waypoint entered does not exist in the database and has been deleted from the route.

RTCM Input has Failed—DGPS data being received has been lost. You are

no longer receiving the beacon signal. Searching the Sky—The GPS 90 is in searching the sky for almanac data or

the unit is in AutoLocateTM mode.

S t a rt Altitude Change—The altitude change entered on the VNAV page is about to begin.

Steep Turn Ahead—This message appears approximately one minute prior to

a turn that requires a bank angle in excess of 25 degrees in order to stay on

course. Stored Data was Lost—All waypoints, routes and almanac data has been lost

due to battery failure. SUA Ahead < 10 min—Your projected course and current altitude will place

you within an SUA within 10 minutes, based on your current ground track. SUA Near & Ahead—Your present position is within 2 nm of an SUA and

you are projected to enter the SUA based upon your current course & altitude.

Timer has Expired—The countdown timer has expired. Transfer has been Completed—The receiver is ﬁnished uploading or down-

loading information to the connected device. Ve rtical Nav Cancelled—The VNAV function has been cancelled due to a

change in the active route. WPT Memory is Full—You have used all 250 waypoints in the GPS 90.

Delete unwanted waypoints to make room for new entries.

Appendix G

Time Offsets

The chart below gives the UTC time offset for the various longitudinal zones.

If you are in daylight savings time, add one hour to the offset.

Longitudinal Zone Offset W180.0º to W172.5º -12

W172.5º to W157.5º -11 W157.5º to W142.5º -10 W142.5º to W127.5º -9

W127.5º to W112.5º -8 W112.5º to W097.5º -7 W097.5º to W082.5º -6 W082.5º to W067.5º -5

W067.5º to W052.5º -4 W052.5º to W037.5º -3 W037.5º to W022.5º -2

W022.5º to W007.5º -1

Longitudinal Zone Offset

W007.5º to E007.5º 0

E007.5º to E022.5º 1 E022.5º to E037.5º 2 E037.5º to E052.5º 3

E052.5º to E067.5º 4 E067.5º to E082.5º 5 E082.5º to E097.5º 6 E097.5º to E112.5º 7

E112.5º to E127.5º 8 E127.5º to E142.5º 9 E142.5º to E157.5º 10

E157.5º to E172.5º 11 E172.5º to E180.0º 12

Appendix H

Map Datums

The fo llowing list shows the 104 map datums available for the GPS 90. Menu Page abbreviations are listed first, followed by the corresponding map datum name and area.

Adindan Adind an- Et h i op ia, Mal i,

Senegal, Sudan

Afgooye Afgooye- Somalia AIN EL ABD ‘70 AIN ELANBD 1970- Bahrain

Island, Saudi Arabia

Anna 1 Ast ‘65 Anna 1 Astro ‘65- Cocos Isl. ARC 1950 AR C 1950 - Botswana,

Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

ARC 1960 ARC 1960- Kenya, Tanzania Ascnsn Isld ‘58 As cens io n Isl and ‘58-

Ascension Island

Astro B4 Sorol Astro B4 Sorol Atoll- Tern

Island

Astro Bcn “E” Astro Beacon “E”- Iwo Jima Astro Dos 71/4 Astro Dos 71/4- St. Helena Astr Stn ‘52 Astronomic S tn ‘52- Marcus

Island

Astrln Geod ‘66 Au st ral ian Ge od ‘66-

Australia, Tasmania Island

Astrln Geod ‘84 Aust ral ia n Ge od ‘84-

Australia, Tasmania Island

Bellevue (IGN) Efate and Erromango Islands Bermuda 1957 Ber mud a 1957 - Berm uda

Islands

Bogata Observ Bogata Obsrvatry- Colombia Campo Inchspe Campo Inchauspe- Argentina Canton Ast ‘66 Canton Astro 1966- Phoenix

Islands

Cape Cape- South Africa Cape Canavrl Ca p e Can aver al- Florida,

Bahama Islands

Carthage Carthage- Tunisia CH-1903 CH 1903- Switzerland Chatham 1971 C h ath am 197 1- Ch atham

Island (New Zealand)

Chua Astro Chua Astro- Paraguay Corrego Alegr Corrego Alegre- Brazil Djakarta Djakarta (Batavi a)- Sumatra

Island (Indonesia)

Dos 1968 Do s 19 68 - G i zo Islan d

(New Georgia Islands)

Easter Isld 67 Easter Island 1967 European 1950 European 19 50- Au s t ria ,

Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Gree ce, Italy, Luxembo urg, Ne the r lan ds, Nor way , Po rtugal, Spai n, Swe den , Switzerland

European 1979 Europe an 197 9- Aus t ria,

Fi nla nd, Nether lan ds, No rway , Spa i n , Swede n, Switzerland

Finland Hayfrd Finland Hayford- Finland Gandajika Base Gandajika Base- Republic of

Maldives

Geod Datm ‘49 Ge odetic Datum ‘49-

New Zealand

Guam 1963 Guam 1963- Guam Island Gux 1 Astro Gux 1 A stro- Guadal cana l

Island

Hjorsey 1955 Hjorsey 1955- Iceland Hong Kong ‘63 Hong Kong ‘63- Hong Kong Hu-Tzu-Shan Taiwan Indian Bngldsh India n- Bangladesh , Indi a,

Nepal

Indian Thailand Indian- Thailand, Vietnam Indonesia ‘74 Indonesia Ireland 1965 Ireland 1965- Ireland ISTS 073 Astro ISTS 0 7 3 AST RO ‘69-

Diego Garcia

Johnston Island Johnston Island Kandawala

Kandawala- Sri Lanka

Kerguelen Islnd Kerguelen Island Kertau 1948 Kertau 1948- West Malaysia,

Singapore

L. C. 5 Astro Cayman Brac Island Liberia 1964 Liberia 1964- Liberia Luzon Mindanao Luzon- Mindanao Island

Appendix H

Luzon Philippine Lu zon - Ph ilippine s

(excluding Mindanao Island)

Mahe 1971 Mahe 1971- Mahe Island Marco Astro Marco Astro- Salvage Island Massawa Massawa- Eritrea (Ethiopia) Merchich Merchich- Morocco Midway Ast ‘61 Midway Astro ‘61- Midway

Minna Minna- Nigeria NAD27 Alaska North American 1927- Alaska

NAD27 Bahamas No rth Ame rica n 1 927-

Bahama s ( exclud i ng San Salvador Island)

NAD27 Canada North American 1927- Canada

and Newfoundland

NAD27 Canal Zone North Am. 1927- Canal Zone

NAD27 Caribbn No rth Amer ican 192 7-

Caribbean (Barbados, Caicos Is l and s, Cu ba, D o m. Rep ., Gr a n d Ca yma n , Jam aica , Leeward and Turks Islands)

NAD27 Central North American 1927- Central

Ameri ca (Beli ze, Costa Rica , El Salvad or , Guate m ala , Honduras, Nicaragua)

NAD27 CONUS North Am. 1927- Mean Value

(CONUS)

NAD27 Cuba North American 1927- Cuba

NAD27 Grnland No rth Americ an 19 27-

Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)

NAD27 Mexico N. American 1927- Mexico NAD27 San Sal Nor th Ameri can 192 7- San

Salvador Island

NAD83 North American 1983- Alaska,

Ca n ada , Ce ntra l Amer i ca, CONUS, Mexico

Nhrwn Masirah Nahr wn- Mas ira h Is land

(Oman)

Nhrwn Saudi A Nahrwn- Saudi Arabia Nhrwn United A Nahrwn- United Arab Emirates Naparima BWI Naparima BWI- Trinidad and

Tobago

Obsrvtorio ‘66 Ob servato r io 196 6- Corv o

and Flores Islands (Azores)

Old Egyptian Old Egyptian- Egypt Old Hawaiian Old Hawaiian- Mean Value Oman Oman- Oman Ord Srvy GB Old Survey Grt Britn- England,

Isle of Man, Scotland, Shetland Isl., Wales

Pico De Las Nv Canary Islands

Ptcairn Ast ‘67 Pitcairn Astro ‘67- Pitcairn Isl.

Prov S Am ‘56 Prov So Amr icn ‘56- Bolivia,

Ch ile,Colomb i a, Ecuad or, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela

Map Datums

Prov S Chln ‘63 Prov So Chilean ‘63- S. Chile Puerto Rico Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands Qatar National Qatar National- Qatar Qornoq Qornoq- South Greenland Reunion Reunion- Mascarene Island Rome 1940 Rome 1940- Sardinia Island RT 90 Sweden Santo (Dos) Sant o ( Do s)- Espir it o Santo

Island

Sao Braz S ao Braz- Sao Migu el, Santa

Maria Islands (Azores)

Sapper Hill ‘43 S appe r Hill 19 43- East

Falkland Island

Schwarzeck Schwarzeck- Namibia Sth Amrcn ‘69 Sout h American ‘69-

Argen tina, Boliv ia, Br azi l, Ch ile , Col ombia , Ecu ad or, Gu yana, Pa rag uay , P eru , Ve n ezu ela, Tri nidad a nd Tobago

South Asia South Asia- Singapore SE Base South ea st Base- Porto Santo

and Madiera Islands

SW Base So uthwes t B ase - Faia l,

Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge and Terceira Islands (Azores)

Timbalai 1948 Timbalai 1948- Brunei and E.

Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah)

Tokyo Tokyo- Japan, Korea, Okinawa Tristan Ast ‘68 Tristan Astro 1968- Tristan da

Cunha

Viti Levu 1916 Viti Levu 1916- Viti Levu/ Fiji

Islands

Wake-Eniwetok Wake-Eniwetok- Marshall Isl. WGS 72 World Geodetic System 1972 WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 Zanderij Zanderij- Surinam

Appendix I

Active Waypoints ..............................................27

Active Route ................................................27,29

Active Route Page ..............................................32

Airport Information......................................17-21

Alarms, Arrival & CDI.......................................54

Alarms, SUA.................................................52-54

Altitude Entry....................................................36

Antenna Installation ..........................................65

AutoLocateTMMode.....................................43,69

AutoStoreTM.......................................................26

AutoZoom .........................................................41

Backlighting On/Off......................................35,46

Backlight Timer .................................................46

Battery Installation.............................................66

Battery Saver Mode............................................43

Beacon Receiver Setup..................................49-50

Bearing ...........................................................3,72

Capabilities.........................................................iv

CDI Scale Setup.................................................54

Communication Page.........................................20

Contrast Setting.................................................45

Course Made Good (CMG)................................72

Cross Track Error ...........................................8,72

Database.......................................................17-26

Data Entry ...........................................................4

Deﬁnitions ................................................3,72-73

Density Altitude.................................................55

Desired Track (DTK) .........................................72

DGPS Setup..................................................49-50

E6-B Menu...................................................55-59

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)........................72

Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) ..........................72

Glossary .......................................................72-73

GOTO Function ................................................28

GPS Overview .....................................................2

Ground Speed ...................................................72

Heading Reference.............................................45

Index

Initialization ......................................................63

Initial Position Reference ...................................44

Installation (wiring)...........................................67

Installation (bracket) ....................................64-65

Interface Formats...............................................67

Intersection Information....................................22

I/O Page .......................................................48-49

Interval, track storage...................................47-48

Keypad Usage......................................................4

Keypad Tone .....................................................46

Local Time Offset ..............................................77

Location Page, Airport..................................19-20

Losing Satellite Coverage.........................35,68-71

Magnetic Variation.............................................45

Main Menu Page................................................42

Maintenance ......................................................68

Map Datum List ...........................................78-79

Map Datum Selection ........................................45

Map Orientation................................................51

Map Page...........................................................37

Map Functions.........................................37-41

Map Panning and GOTOs .............................40

Map Zooming and Scales ..............................38

Messages............................................................60

Message Descriptions ...................................74-76

Navigation ...........................................................3

Navigation Page..............................................8,28

Navigation Units................................................44

Appendix I

Index

N (continued)

Nearest Airport Setup........................................50

Nearest Waypoint Page......................................13

NMEA Selection ................................................49

NMEA Output Formats .....................................67

Normal Mode ....................................................43

Satellite Status Page ......................................34-35

Searching the Sky ..............................................35

Simulator Mode............................................61-62

Sky View Display...............................................35

Spell’N’Find.......................................................28

Sunrise/Sunset Calculation ................................57

Time Setup ...................................................46,77

Tone Setup ........................................................46

Track.................................................................73

Track Log Setup ................................................48

Track Recording...........................................47-48

Trip & Fuel Planning ...................................56-57

Units of Measure................................................44

User Waypoints............................................23-26

UTC time .....................................................47-48

UTM Coordinates ..............................................44

Offset, local time ..........................................46,77

Operating Mode Setup.......................................43

Output Setup ...............................................48-49

Packing List .........................................................v

Page Sequence .....................................................6

Panning ........................................................38,40

Position Entry...............................................36,44

Position Page .....................................................36

Power Off ..........................................................15

Power On ............................................................5

Range Rings ..................................................37,51

Reference Waypoints....................................24-25

Relative Bearing Pointer.......................................7

Resolution, track storing....................................51

Routes ..........................................................27-33

Active Route Page..........................................32

Creating and Copying ...................................30

Clearing and Activating............................31-32

Inverting Routes............................................32

Editing Routes...............................................32

On-Route GOTOs.........................................33

Runway Page, Airport........................................21

VNAV...........................................................58-59

VOR Information...............................................23

Waypoints....................................................17-26

User Waypoint List .......................................60

Nearest Waypoints........................................13

Marking Waypoints ......................................26

Creating Waypoints .................................24-25

Naming Waypoints .......................................24

Deleting Waypoints..................................25,60

Renaming Waypoints ....................................26

User Waypoint Comments ............................25

Welcome Page .....................................................5

Winds Aloft.......................................................55

Wiring Installation .......................................66-67

Yoke Mount Installation ...............................64-65

Zooming ............................................37-38,40-41

9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215, USA

GARMIN/Europe LTD

Robert House, Station Approach Romsey, Hampshire SO51 8DU UK

Part Number 190-00084-00 Rev. A

Garmin GPS 90 owner’s manual & reference guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual