Garmin 95AVD Pilot's Guide

GPS 95 AVD

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PERSONAL NAVIGATOR

OWNER'S MANUAL

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GPS 95 AVD

Personal Navigator

OWNER'S MANUAL

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of GARMIN.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

June, 1993 190-00050-00 Rev. A

PREFACE

GARMIN thanks you for selecting our high performance, full featured Personal NavigatorTM. The GPS 95 represents our continued commitment to provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit for many years to come.

The GPS 95's rugged construction and quality components offer the reliability demanded by the harshest operating environments. It may be used in aircraft, marine vessels and land vehicles, as well as by hunters, hikers, and military forces. The unit may be operated portably using its own battery pack, or it may use a 5-40 volt DC external power source for fixed mounted applications. You can even use a 115- or 230-volt AC adaptor for planning trips at home.

This manual and accompanying quick reference card provide complete information on safely operating the GPS 95 to its full potential. A sample trip has been planned for you to practice your navigation skills using the built-in simulator. Afterwards, try a trip of your own to realize the value of the GPS 95 as your Personal NavigatorTM. If you have any questions or comments, our Product Support Department is eager to serve you. GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer.

GARMIN International, Inc. 9875 Widmer Road Lenexa, KS 66215 1-800-800-1020 (913) 599-1515

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. The system is under development and is subject to changes which could affect the accuracy and performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 95 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use the GPS 95 at your own risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner's Manual and thoroughly practice operation using the simulator mode prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS 95 to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

NOTE: This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95 1-1

1.1 Capabilities 1-1

1.2 Aviation Database 1-2

1.3 Basic Package 1-3

1.4 Optional Accessories 1-4

1.5 Operational Mode 1-5

2 GETTING STARTED 2-1

2.1 Front Panel 2-1

2.2 Softkey Operation 2-1

2.3 Cursor and Fields 2-2

2.4 Keypad Operation 2-2

2.5 Entering Data 2-4

2.6 Viewing Messages 2-5

2.7 Turning the GPS 95 On 2-5

2.8 Turning the GPS 95 Off 2-7

3 WAYPOINTS 3-1

3.1 Waypoint Categories 3-2

3.2 Airport Information 3-2

3.3 VOR Information 3-6

3.4 NDB Information 3-7

3.5 Intersection Information 3-8

3.6 User Waypoint Information 3-9

3.7 Creating User Waypoints 3-10

3.8 Waypoint List 3-12

3.9 Using Waypoints 3-13

3.10 Using Waypoints by Scanning 3-14

3.11 Reviewing Waypoints 3-16

3.12 Proximity Alarm Waypoints 3-17

3.13 Nearest Waypoints 3-18

4 GETTING THERE FAST - GOTO 4-1

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5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1

5.1 Navigation Summary Page 5-1

5.2 Map Display 5-3

5.3 Map Configuration 5-5

5.4 Present Position 5-6

5.5 Sample Trip 5-7

6 ROUTES 6-1

6.1 Route Definition 6-2

6.2 Creating and Copying Routes 6-3

6.3 Activating and Inverting Routes 6-4

6.4 Editing Routes 6-4

6.5 Deleting Routes 6-5

6.6 Active Route 6-5

6.7 Route List 6-6

7 AUTOSTORE

7.1 Creating Waypoints with Autostore

7.2 Building Routes with Autostore

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8 GPS STATUS AND AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS 8-1

8.1 Bar Graph Display 8-2

8.2 Satellite Status Page 8-3

8.3 Satellite Skyview Page 8-4

8.4 Auxiliary Menu 8-4

8.5 Operating Mode/Nearest Airport Search 8-4

8.6 Track Log Setup 8-6

8.7 Units/Heading Setup 8-7

8.8 Alarms/CDI Setup 8-8

8.9 Date/Time 8-10

8.10 Audio and Display Setup 8-11

8.11 Interface Setup 8-12

8.12 Map Datum Selection 8-14

8.13 Messages 8-15

8.14 Density Altitude, True Airspeed and Winds Loft 8-15

8.15 Sunrise/Sunset Planning 8-16

8.16 Trip and Fuel Planning 8-17

8.17 Vertical Navigation 8-18

9 SAMPLE TRIP USING ROUTES 9-1

APPENDICES

A MESSAGES A-1 B GLOSSARY AND NAVIGATION TERMS B-1

B.1 Definitions B-1 B.2 Course To Steer (CTS) B-3

C INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE C-1

C.1 Specifications C-1 C.2 Electrical Wiring C-3 C.3 Yoke Mount Installation C-4 C.4 Yoke Mount Operation C-6 C.5 Portable Antenna Installation C-8 C.6 Battery Pack Operation C-8 C.7 Maintenance C-10 C.8 Product Support C-10

D MAP DATUMS D-1 E UTC TIME TO LOCAL TIME OFFSET E-1 F INDEX F-1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 95

1.1 CAPABILITIES

The GPS 95 provides a host of powerful capabilities which were previously found only in much larger systems:

· Performance: MultiTracTM receiver tracks and uses up to eight satellites with high sensitivity, fast first fix, and continuous navigation updates.

· Portability: Goes anywhere - air, sea or land. Built-in simulator for trip planning or practicing navigation skills anywhere.

· Ease of Use: Graphic screens and intuitive guidance from the display offer ease of operation.

· Convenience: Extensive database (Americas or International), covers airports, VORs, NDBs and Intersections. Update the database at home or in your office using your PC.

· Navigation: Stores 500 alphanumeric user waypoints; 20 reversible routes of 30 waypoints each. GOTO function sets instantaneous course to waypoint of your choice. AutoStoreTM function builds routes as you go. A flashing message annunciator keeps you fully informed of your navigation status.

· Personalized: Customize your unit by selecting distance and speed units, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) sensitivity, keypad and display features, map datums, and interface options.

· Low Power Consumption: Battery Saver operation draws less than

1.5 watts; provides up to four hours of continuous operation with the AA battery pack.

· Trip Planning: Analyze distance, time, and fuel requirements for your trip. Compute time of sunrise/sunset at your destination. Calculate density altitude before you take off and true airspeed as you fly. Vertical navigation guides you to your cruising altitude and puts you in the traffic pattern before landing.

· Alarms: An alarm clock and timer allow the GPS 95 to watch the clock for you. Arrival and CDI alerts help you safely navigate your aircraft.

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· Interfaces: Interface with PC-based moving map programs using NMEA 0183 output, with Differential GPS (DGPS) receivers using RTCM (SC-104 version 2.0) input, or with marine autopilots and graphic plotters using NMEA 0180/0182/0183 outputs. An optional PC kit is also available to download user waypoints and routes to your PC for permanent record.

We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in simulator. This will help you quickly master the many features of the GPS 95.

1.2 AVIATION DATABASE

The GPS 95 features a Jeppesen database providing direct access to either Americas or International navigation information. When the GPS 95 is turned on the display will show which database the unit contains. Information contained in the database is as follows:

· Airports: Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, latitude, longitude, elevation, and fuel services.

· VORs: Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, latitude, longitude, frequency and co-located DME (or TACAN).

· NDBs: Identifier, city/state, country, facility name, latitude, longitude and frequency.

· Intersections: Identifier, country, latitude and longitude.

· Communication Frequencies: ATIS, ground, tower multicom and unicom. (Multicom and unicom frequencies are grouped together under a “unicom” designation.)

· Runways: Runway designations, length, surface, lighting (including frequency for pilot-controlled lighting), and graphic runway configuration.

The Americas Database covers North, Central and South America. The International Database covers Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and Greenland. (Hawaii is contained within both database versions.) Updates for the GPS 95 database, available every 28 days, may be purchased from GARMIN on a one-time basis or by subscription service. When ordering your first update, a cable is also required for connection to a PC-compatible computer. (Order cable separately at time of purchase.) Database update software will automatically transfer the latest information into your GPS 95 making the update process quick and simple. Your local GARMIN dealer may also be equipped to update the database for you.

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1.2 BASIC PACKAGE

Your GARMIN GPS 95 basic package includes:

· GPS 95 Unit

· AA Battery Pack

· Detachable Antenna

· Remote Antenna Cable w/Suction Cup Mount

· Yoke Mount

· Surface Mount

· Carrying Case

· Self-coiling Power/Data Cable

· Cigarette Lighter Adaptor

· Permanent Installation Wire Harness

· Lanyard

· Battery Terminal Cover

· Owner's Manual

· Quick Reference Card

· Warranty Card

The basic package allows you to use your GPS 95 for both portable and fixed operations. The unit may be operated from the AA battery pack, or from an external power source (5-40VDC) using the cigarette lighter adapter or permanent installation wire harness.

Handheld Operation:

For handheld operation, the GPS 95 is powered by a AA battery pack which should be filled with four high quality alkaline batteries commonly found in retail stores. The detachable antenna is placed directly on the right side of the unit. The carrying case will protect your GPS 95 when the unit is not is use.

In order to track GPS satellites, the unit must be situated with the antenna pointed straight up and should not be blocked by objects or people. (Signal reception through thin fabric, such as canvas, may be adequate but degraded). When using the GPS 95 inside the cockpit it may be desirable to use the remote antenna cable for better satellite visibility. The detachable antenna is removed from the GPS 95 and replaced by one end of the remote antenna cable. The antenna is then placed on the other end of the cable and, using the suction cup mount, is situated where the best satellite visibility is possible. You may need to experiment to determine the best location for the antenna. (See Appendix C for removal of the detachable antenna.)

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A lanyard is provided to prevent accidental dropping of your GPS 95. Connect the lanyard to the eyelet on the back (at the top) of the unit

Fixed Mount Operation:

A surface mount is supplied for panel mount installation. The lower half of the surface mount is also used with the yoke mount. (See Appendix C for instructions on yoke mount installation.) The unit may be operated using aircraft power through the cigarette lighter adaptor or the permanent installation wire harness. Note that there are three cable assemblies (not counting the remote antenna cable). The self-coiling power/data cable plugs directly into the back of the GPS 95. The other end of the self-coiling power/ data cable plugs into either the cigarette lighter adapter or the permanent installation wire harness, according to your needs or preferences.

While using aircraft power, you may wish to leave the battery pack in the unit. In the event of aircraft power failure, the GPS 95 will automatically switch to battery power. If you do not desire to leave the battery pack on the unit, a battery terminal cover is supplied to protect the battery contacts. Remove the battery pack from the GPS 95 and slide the battery terminal cover on in its place. (See Appendix C for removal of the battery pack.)

In addition to supplying power to the unit, the permanent installation wire harness allows you to interface your GPS 95 with a PC-compatible computer or an ARGUSTM unit. When connected to a PC-compatible computer, the GPS 95 will provide navigation information for many of the of the popular moving map programs. (See Appendix C for connection of the GPS 95 to other devices.)

1.4 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs:

· Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit

· PC Database Update Kit

· PC Software Kit

Rechargeable NiCad Battery Kit:

A rechargeable NiCad battery kit is available for use with the GPS 95. This kit includes a rechargeable NiCad battery, an AC adaptor and a drop-in charger base. Using the drop-in charger base, the NiCad battery is charged in 12-14 hours (not to exceed 24 hours). The rechargeable NiCad battery kit allows you to use the GPS 95 portably for extended periods.

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PC Database Update Kit:

The PC Database Update Kit allows you to update the GPS 95's aviation database (Americas or International) at home, or in your office, using a PCcompatible computer. The PC Database Update Kit includes the database diskette(s) and instructions. When ordering your first update, be sure to also order a PC interface cable. This cable, which connects to a COM port on your PC, is not part of the update kit.

PC Software Kit:

The PC Software Kit allows you to download route, waypoint and track data from the GPS 95 to your PC-compatible computer. You may also edit this data and upload it back into the GPS 95. With the software kit you can plot data files and/or display current position in real-time on a grid map. Data files can be printed for future reference. For planning purposes, the software kit provides animated satellite orbit displays and allows you to print a satellite visibility chart. The software kit includes both 3.5" and 5.25" diskettes, an instruction manual and a PC interface cable. This cable can be used with both the PC Software Kit and the PC Update Kit.

1.5 OPERATIONAL MODES

While using your GPS 95, you may select from one of three operational modes: Normal or Battery Saver modes for actual navigation, or Simulator mode for practicing/trip planning. In Normal and Battery Saver modes, typical time to first fix is less than 2.5 minutes. (If you have used your unit within the hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.) In Simulator mode the GPS 95 will not acquire satellites, but will display a position based on the last known location or any other position that you designate.

Normal mode offers continuous navigation updates and should be selected when the GPS 95 will be used in a high dynamics environment (i.e., frequent speed and heading changes). The GPS 95 will typically operate up to two hours using the AA battery pack, or up to five hours using the optional NiCad battery pack.

Battery Saver mode, suitable for most applications, offers position updates that adapt to your needs while extending battery life. The GPS 95 will typically operate up to four hours using the AA battery pack, or up to eight hours using the optional NiCad battery pack.

Simulator mode allows you to simulate the operation of the GPS 95 while at home or in your office. The simulator mode can be selected while learning to use your GPS 95 and is ideal for planning routes and entering waypoints. Keep in mind that the GPS 95 is not tracking satellites in the simulator mode. YOU SHOULD NEVER ATTEMPT TO USE THE SIMULATOR MODE FOR ACTUAL NAVIGATION.

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2.1 FRONT PANEL

Page Options

CHAPTER 2

GETTING STARTED

Page Annunciator

Softkeys

Message Annunciator

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TINA STINKS

The front panel consists of a 20-key keypad with a 85 x 64-pixel LCD display. Both the display and keypad may be illuminated for nighttime operation.

2.2 SOFTKEY OPERATION

Information displayed on the LCD is commonly referred to as a “page.” The GPS 95 works with softkey operation. At the bottom of the screen is a list of page options. To select a different page, press the appropriate softkey below the desired option. Please note that the page options must be highlighted in order to use the softkeys. On the bottom line, extreme right, is the page annunciator which indicates the current page you are viewing.

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2.3 CURSOR AND FIELDS

Cyclic Field

The area of the page which is highlighted in reverse video is called the cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields which allow you to enter data or change options. You will encounter five types of fields.

· Numeric fields accept numbers only.

· Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters.

· Cyclic fields allow selection from several available options. A cyclic field is preceded by a prompt ( ). You may cycle through the choices by pushing CLR.

· Confirmation fields allow you to indicate your approval. For example, you will be asked to confirm that you want to delete a waypoint. Confirmation fields always end with a “?” character. Press ENT to approve the confirmation field.

Confirmation Field

Bar Field

· Bar fields allow an adjustable scale entry with the length of the bar representing the minimum to maximum setting. Use the arrow keys to make adjustments in bar fields.

2.4 KEYPAD OPERATION

The PWR/STAT key is a dual function key that controls unit power and system status. Pressing this when the unit is off will turn the unit on. To turn the unit off, press and hold PWR/STAT until the display is blank.

Pressing PWR/STAT momentarily while the unit is on will take you to the status pages. (See Chapter 8.) If the message annunciator is flashing and the tone sounds, you may push PWR/STAT to view the message.

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Pressing GOTO allows you to instantly define a destination waypoint and plot a course from present position to that

destination. (See Chapter 4.)

Pressing AUTOSTOre allows you to capture your present position instantaneously. (See Chapter 7.)

Pressing NAV allows you to view position and navigation information as well as the Map Page. (See Chapter 5.)

The WPT key allows you to view information about airports, NAVAIDs, intersections and user waypoints. The WPT key also allows you to create, edit, delete, and rename user waypoints. Further, you may view nearest waypoints or proximity waypoints. (See Chapter 3.)

The RTE key allows you to create, edit, review, activate, and delete routes. (See Chapter 6.)

Pressing either of the arrow keys allows you to move the cursor, scroll through information lists, and enter letters of the alphabet.

The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter letters and numbers. Use the arrow keys to select the desired letter or number from a given alphanumeric key.

Pressing this key while the cursor is not on a numeric or alphanumeric field allows you to change the backlight level. There are two backlighting levels.

Pressing CLR erases information in the cursor field. If the cursor is over a cyclic field, pressing CLR will toggle through several available options.

Pressing ENT confirms an entry or selection.

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2.5 ENTERING DATA

You may enter data such as waypoint identifiers and user waypoint coordinates on certain pages. To enter data you must first move the cursor to the desired field by pressing the right or left arrow key. A data entry operation is completed by pressing the ENT key. If an error is made during the data entry process, press the CLR key to remove the erroneous character.

To enter a number...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired number. The numbers will fill in from the right side of the field and move to the left as each new number is entered. For example, if you wish to enter “51” in a three space field, you must press the 5 and 1 keys in that order. You do not have to enter a leading zero. (Note: When entering numbers in an alphanumeric field press the key that is labeled with the desired number, then press the right or left arrow key twice.)

· Press CLR if you enter an incorrect number.

· Press ENT when you have filled all significant digits of the field with numbers.

To enter a letter...

· Press the key that is labeled with the desired letter.

· Press the right or left arrow key until the desired letter is displayed.

· Press CLR if you enter an incorrect letter.

· Press ENT when all the characters are entered.

The GPS 95 features a keypad feedback tone which will sound each time you press a key. If you enter data which is not appropriate for the field, the feedback tone will quickly sound three times indicating an error. The keypad feedback tone can be turned off if you wish. (See Section 8.10.)

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2.6 VIEWING MESSAGES

From time to time, the GPS 95 will use a message to tell you of conditions needing attention. When the GPS 95 has a new message, the MSG annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press PWR/STAT to view the new message(s). Press PWR/STAT again to see the page you were viewing prior to reading the message. (See Appendix A for a complete list of GPS 95 messages.)

While the MSG annunciator is flashing, the GPS 95 will also generate a tone to alert you of the message. (If your unit is connected to an external alarm, it will also be activated.) Messages that demand immediate attention such as an arrival alarm generate a quick tone that will not stop until you view the message. All other messages generate a slow tone that will cease after 15 seconds. The message tone may be turned off if you wish. (See Section

8.10.) Important messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed.

If this occurs, the MSG annunciator will be in view but will not flash. (If no messages exist, the MSG annunciator will not be visible.) To review these messages, press PWR/STAT to reveal the status menu options. Then press the key underneath the “AUX” page option. With the arrow keys, highlight “Messages” and press ENT.

2.7 TURNING THE GPS 95 ON

When the GPS 95 is turned on it will automatically perform internal checks to ensure proper operation, begin acquiring satellites, and once a sufficient number are received, display your present position. To see this power on sequence, take the GPS 95 outside to a location that is well away from buildings and other structures that might limit its view of the sky.

After you turn your GPS 95 on, it will conduct a series of self tests and display the following notice:

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Following completion of the tests, the Database Page will display the effective date, cycle and expiration date of the database. The GPS 95 will still function with an expired database; however, you must exercise extreme caution and always verify that the database information is correct before use. (WARNING: The accuracy of the data is assured only if current. Pilots using an out-of-date database do so entirely at their own risk.)

Press ENT to approve the Database Page.

The Satellite Bar Graph Page will be displayed, and the GPS 95 will begin acquiring satellites.

After a position is found (and if no keys have been pressed), the Position Page will be displayed and the unit is ready for normal operation. The process of satellite acquisition is fully automatic and, under normal circumstances, will take approximately 2-3 minutes to obtain

navigation information. (If the unit has been used in the past hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.) If the GPS 95 has been moved a considerable distance since it was last used, additional time may be required as the unit performs an AutoLocateTM . AutoLocate

will automatically locate satellites and compute your position regardless of your location or where the unit was last used.

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When four or more satellites with good geometry are available, the GPS 95 will automatically operate in the 3D mode in which latitude, longitude and altitude are computed. If only three satellites are available, the unit will operate in 2D mode in which only latitude and longitude are computed. When operating in the 2D mode, the unit will use the last computed altitude or your last entered altitude. (Section 5.4 describes how you may enter the altitude.)

Your GPS 95 will automatically update satellite orbital data as it operates. If you have not operated your unit for a period of six months or longer, it will take approximately 15 minutes to search the sky and collect new orbital data. You will be informed when your unit is searching the sky with the message “Searching the Sky.” Once satellite orbital data is collected, it will be stored in memory. The memory is maintained by an internal battery, therefore the data will not be lost when you turn your GPS 95 off or remove the battery pack.

If the GPS 95 cannot acquire enough satellites for 2D or 3D navigation, you will be informed with the message “Poor GPS coverage”. If this situation occurs, make sure the antenna is properly connected and not obstructed by nearby buildings or other structures.

2.8 TURNING THE GPS 95 OFF

To turn the GPS 95 off, press and hold the PWR/STAT key.

The Off Page will be displayed, the GPS

95 will perform a countdown and, after a

brief delay, will shut off. All user

waypoints, routes, and setup information

that you have entered will be maintained

while the unit is off - even if the battery

pack is removed.

2.9 LEARNING TO USE THE GPS

If you are using the GPS 95 for the first time, you are encouraged to read Chapter 3 which introduces the GPS 95's waypoint and database features, Chapter 4 on the use of the GOTO key, and Chapter 5 for navigating to a waypoint. A sample trip is included in Chapter 5 to get you started on the use of the GOTO key and the various navigation pages available on your GPS

95. You may also want to read Chapter 8 on custom setups to configure the GPS 95 to your preferences. Afterward, you may want to read through the rest of this manual and make further use of the built-in simulator to practice with the advanced features.

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CHAPTER 3

WAYPOINTS

The GPS 95 features a Jeppesen database providing Americas or International navigation information. (Refer to Section 1.2 for a specific description of information provided in the database.) The database contains information about waypoints. A basic waypoint consists of an identifier (up to six letters and/or numbers) and its location. You will have the opportunity to use waypoints extensively while operating the GPS 95. For example, you can build a route using waypoints, you can perform trip/fuel planning using waypoints, and you can even calculate the time of sunrise and sunset for a waypoint of interest.

The GPS 95 features four primary waypoint pages. You may select the desired page by pressing WPT and, if needed, the appropriate softkey.

Nearest Waypoint Page

Proximity Waypoint Page Waypoint List Page

Waypoint Definition Page

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3.1 WAYPOINT CATEGORIES

Airport Airport Ident

AIRPORT T IIDENT

The GPS 95 organizes waypoints into one of five different categories: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints. This organization is much like that of a file cabinet in which each drawer represents a different type of information. For example, the airport drawer contains information on airport locations, communication frequencies, runways, etc. In order to view the information stored in a given drawer, the drawer must be opened or selected. When using waypoints on the GPS 95 the “drawer”, or category, is selected on a cyclic field. The following sections describe procedures used to view information for each category of waypoint.

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3.2 AIRPORT INFORMATION

The GPS 95 features extensive information on airports:

· Identifier, facility name, city and state

· Position and elevation

· Fuel Services

· Communication frequencies

· Runway information with graphic configuration

The airport information pages may be displayed from the Waypoint Definition Page.

To view airport information...

· Press WPT and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the Waypoint Definition Page.

· Notice the cyclic field in the upper left corner of the page. This field will indicate the category of waypoint that will be displayed. If “APT”, for airport, is not currently displayed: press the right arrow key, then press CLR (repeatedly) until “APT” is shown. (HINT: You may also select the waypoint category by pressing the corresponding alphanumeric key. In this case the “A” key, for airport.)

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· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “APT”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired airport using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT. (Note: The airport identifiers in the GPS 95 database follow the standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization [ICAO].)

· With “APT” selected, a second cyclic field will appear that allows you to view location (Locn), communication (Comm), or runway (Rnwy) information. Highlight this second field by pressing the right arrow key and press CLR to select the desired information page.

Airport Location Information

The airport location information includes the following

1) Airport identifier (selectable)

2) Airport facility name

3) City/state

4) Elevation (feet or meters)

5) Location

latitude/longitude -decimal degrees, degrees/decimal

minutes, degrees/minutes/decimal seconds

grid systems -UTM/UPS, British grid, Irish grid

6) Fuel services available

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· mo - Mogas

· av - 80/87 octane, 100LL, 100/130 octane

· jet - Jet A, Jet A-1 or Jet A+

Airport Communication Information

The airport communication information includes identifier (selectable), ATIS, ground, tower and unicom (or multicom) frequencies for the selected airport. Up to five communication frequencies may be displayed at a time. Additional frequencies may be viewed by scrolling.

To scroll through available frequencies...

· With the frequency information displayed, press the right arrow key repeatedly to view additional frequencies.

· To return to the beginning of the list, press the left arrow key repeatedly until the first frequency is displayed.

Airport Runway Information

The airport runway information includes the following:

1) Airport Identifier (selectable)

2) Runway designation (cyclic field)

3) Runway length (feet or meters)

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4) Runway surface

· hard - Hard (asphalt, concrete, etc.)

· turf - Turf (grass)

· sealed - Sealed surface

· gravel - Gravel surface

· dirt - Dirt surface

· soft - Unknown soft surface

· unkwn - Unknown surface

· water - Water landing site

5) Lighting

· no lights - No runway lighting is available

· pc lights - Pilot controlled lighting with frequency

· pt lights - Part time lighting

· ft lights - full time lighting

· unknown - Availability/type of lighting unknown

6) Graphic runway configuration, if available The graphic runway configuration will display the layout of available

runways. For the selected airport, information for each runway is available from the cyclic field for runway designation.

To view additional runway information...

· Using the arrow keys, place the cursor over the runway designation

field.

· Press CLR to cycle through the available runways.

3.3 VOR INFORMATION

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The GPS 95 also features considerable information on VORs:

1) Identifier (selectable)

2) Facility name

3) City/state

4) Frequency

5) DME indication, if applicable, for co-located DME or TACAN

6) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

You may select the desired VOR by two-to-three-character identifier, facility name or city/state. (See Section 3.10 for information on selecting VORs by facility name, or city/state.)

To select a VOR by identifier...

· Press WPT and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the Waypoint Definition Page.

· If “VOR” is not currently displayed in the upper left corner: press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, then press CLR (repeatedly) until “VOR” is shown.

· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “VOR”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired VOR using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT. The information for the selected VOR is displayed.

3.4 NDB INFORMATION

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The GPS 95 displays the following information on NDBs:

1) Identifier (selectable)

2) Facility name

3) City/state

4) Frequency

5) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

You may select an NDB by its one-to-three-character identifier, facility name or city/state. (See Section 3.10 for information on selecting NDBs by facility name or city/state.)

To select an NDB by identifier...

· Press WPT and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the Waypoint Definition Page.

· If “NDB” is not currently displayed in the upper left corner: press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, then press CLR (repeatedly) until “NDB” is shown.

· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “NDB”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired NDB using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT. The information for the selected NDB is displayed.

3.5 INTERSECTION INFORMATION

The GPS 95 features the following information on intersections:

1) Identifier (selectable)

2) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

3) Reference waypoint identifier

4) Bearing from reference waypoint to selected intersection

5) Distance from reference waypoint to selected intersection

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Intersections are only selected by identifier. Once an intersection is selected, the identifier of, bearing from, and distance from the nearest VOR will be displayed. (NOTE: The VOR is simply the nearest facility and is not necessarily the VOR used to define the intersection.)

To select an Intersection...

· Press WPT and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the Waypoint Definition Page.

· If “INT” for intersection, is not currently displayed in the upper corner: press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, then press CLR (repeatedly) until “INT”is shown.

· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “INT”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired intersection using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT. The information for the selected intersection is displayed.

3.6 USER WAYPOINT INFORMATION

In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection information that is already stored in your GPS 95, you may enter an additional 500 locations as user waypoints.

The GPS 95 will display the following user waypoint information:

1) Waypoint identifier

2) Location (latitude/longitude or grid system)

3) Reference waypoint identifier

4) Bearing from reference waypoint to selected user waypoint

5) Distance from reference waypoint to selected user waypoint

6) User comments

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User waypoints are only selected by the identifier that you assign.

To select a user waypoint...

· Press WPT and, if needed, the WPT softkey to display the Waypoint Definition Page.

· If “USR”, for user waypoint, is not currently displayed in the upper corner: press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the cyclic field, then press CLR (repeatedly) until “USR”is shown.

· Press the right arrow key to move the cursor to the right of “USR”.

· Enter the identifier of the desired user waypoint using the alphanumeric and arrow keys. Press ENT. The information for the selected user waypoint is displayed.

You may select a reference waypoint by moving the cursor to the reference waypoint identifier field and entering the desired waypoint identifier (airport, VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint).

3.7 CREATING USER WAYPOINTS

When a waypoint identifier has been entered that does not exist in memory the GPS 95 will assume you wish to create a new waypoint. You may create a new waypoint using one of two methods: direct position entry (latitude/ longitude or grid system) or relative to an existing waypoint.

In order to create a waypoint by direct position entry the coordinates for the new waypoint must be known and entered directly into the unit.

To enter the waypoint position directly...

· With the Waypoint Definition Page displayed (and user waypoint information shown), press the right arrow until the cursor is over the waypoint identifier field.

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