Garmin 18x-5Hz, 18 USB, 18 5Hz, 18 Technical Specification

GPS 18 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS



Garmin International, Inc.

1200 E. 151st Street

Olathe, KS 66062 USA

190-00307-00, Revision D

June 2005

GPS 18 Technical Specifications (190-00307-00 ) Rev. D

disseminated, downloaded or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express prior written consent of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual or revision must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.

Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Fax 913/397.8282

Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9DL, U.K. Tel. 44/0870.8501241 Fax 44/0870.8501251

Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Tel. 886/2.2642.9199 Fax 886/2.2642.9099

Web site address: www.garmin.com

RECORD OF REVISIONS

Revision Revision

Date

A 4/5/04 Initial Release -B 6/7/04 Revise to include PGRMO 26125 C 5/24/05 Add GPS 18 LVC-5m and GPS 18-5Hz 31279 D 6/6/05 Add 38400 baud to field 10 of PGRMC sentence 31511

Description ECO #

GPS 18 Technical Specifications (190-00307-00 ) Rev. D

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction..................................................................................................................1

1.1 Cautions ............................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Limited Warranty..............................................................................................................................2

1.3 Features.............................................................................................................................................3

1.4 GPS 18 Series....................................................................................................................................4

1.4.1 GPS 18 USB...................................................................................................................................... 4

1.4.2 GPS 18 PC ........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.4.3 GPS 18 LVC, GPS 18 LVC-5m, and GPS 18-5Hz........................................................................... 4

1.5 Technical Specifications ...................................................................................................................5

1.5.1 Physical Characteristics..................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.1.1 Size.................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.1.2 Weight............................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.1.3 Color.................................................................................................................................. 5

1.5.1.4 Case Material..................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.1.5 Cable Length..................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.2.1 Input Voltage ........................................................................................................... .......... 5

1.5.2.2 Input Current ..................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.2.3 CMOS Serial Output Levels.............................................................................................. 5

1.5.2.4 GPS Receiver Sensitivity .................................................................................................. 6

1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics........................................................................................................... 6

1.5.4 GPS Performance.............................................................................................................................. 6

1.5.4.1 Receiver............................................................................................................................. 6

1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times ............................................................................................................. 6

1.5.4.3 Update Rate....................................................................................................................... 6

1.5.4.4 Accuracy ........................................................................................................................... 6

1.5.5 Interfaces........................................................................................................................................... 7

1.5.5.1 GPS 18 Electrical Characteristics...................................................................................... 7

1.5.5.2 Garmin Interface and Garmin USB Protocol..................................................................... 7

1.5.5.3 GPS 18 PC, GPS 18 LVC, & GPS 18-5Hz Protocols........................................................ 7

1.5.5.4 Measurement Pulse Output (GPS 18 LVC & GPS 18-5Hz only)...................................... 7

2 GPS 18 LVC & GPS 18-5Hz Wiring and Pinouts ....................................................8

2.1 GPS 18 LVC & GPS 18-5Hz Pinout.................................................................................................8

2.2 GPS 18 LVC & GPS 18-5Hz Wiring Diagrams...............................................................................8

3 Mechanical Characteristics & Mounting.................................................................10

4 GPS 18 PC, GPS 18 LVC, & GPS 18-5Hz Software Interface..............................12

4.1 Received NMEA 0183 Sentences...................................................................................................12

4.1.1 Almanac Information (ALM) ...........................................................................................................12

4.1.2 Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI)......................................................................................13

4.1.3 Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC)..................................................................................13

4.1.4 Additional Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC1) ..............................................................14

4.1.5 Output Sentence Enable/Disable (PGRMO).....................................................................................14

4.2 Transmitted NMEA 0183 Sentences...............................................................................................15

4.2.1 Sentence Transmission Rate.............................................................................................................15

4.2.2 Transmitted Time.............................................................................................................................16

4.2.3 Global Positioning System Almanac Data (ALM) ...........................................................................16

4.2.4 Global Positioning System Fix Data (GGA)....................................................................................17

4.2.5 GPS DOP and Active Satellites (GSA)............................................................................................17

4.2.6 GPS Satellites in View (GSV)..........................................................................................................17

4.2.7 Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data (RMC)....................................................18

4.2.8 Track Made Good and Ground Speed (VTG) ..................................................................................18

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4.2.9 Geographic Position (GLL)..............................................................................................................18

4.2.10 Estimated Error Information (PGRME)...........................................................................................19

4.2.11 GPS Fix Data Sentence (PGRMF) ...................................................................................................19

4.2.12 Sensor Status Information (PGRMT)...............................................................................................19

4.2.13 3D Velocity Information (PGRMV).................................................................................................19

4.2.14 DGPS Beacon Information (PGRMB).............................................................................................20

4.3 Baud Rate Selection........................................................................................................................20

4.4 Measurement Pulse Output (GPS 18 LVC & 18-5Hz only) ...........................................................20

4.4.1 One-Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) Output (GPS 18 LVC Only)..............................................................20

4.4.2 Five-Pulse-Per-Second Output (GPS 18-5Hz Only).........................................................................20

Appendix A: Earth Datum List......................................................................................21

Appendix B: Binary Phase Output Format...................................................................24

Appendix C: Changing the Baud Rate in Garmin Mode.............................................29

Appendix D: GPS 18 PC/ LVC/18-5Hz & Windows Serial Mouse Issue...................30

Appendix E: Sensor Configuration Software................................................................32

Downloading the Sensor Configuration Software............................................................................................32

Selecting a Model.............................................................................................................................................32

Connecting to the Sensor .................................................................................................................................32

File Menu.........................................................................................................................................................33

Comm Menu....................................................................................................................................................33

Config Menu....................................................................................................................................................33

View Menu ......................................................................................................................................................34

Help Menu .......................................................................................................................................................34

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1: GPS 18 LVC & GPS 18-5Hz Wire Pinout....................................................................................... 8

Figure 1: Computer Serial Port Interconnection............................................................................................. 8

Figure 2. PDA Serial Port Interconnection..................................................................................................... 9

Figure 3. Basic NMEA Device Interconnection............................................................................................. 9

Figure 4a. GPS 18 Bottom Case Dimensions, Under Mold ......................................................................... 10

Figure 4b. GPS 18 Bottom Case, Outside of Casing.................................................................................... 10

Figure 5. GPS 18 Suction Cup Mount Center Hole Dimensions.................................................................. 11

Figure 6. GPS 18 Flush Mount Dimensions................................................................................................. 11

Figure 7. GPS 18 Flush Mount Center Hole Dimensions.............................................................................11

Table 2: NMEA 0183 Output Sentence Order and Size...............................................................................15

Table 3: Characters per Second for Available Baud Rates........................................................................... 15

GPS 18 Technical Specifications (190-00307-00 ) Rev. D

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 CAUTIONS

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. Although the GPS 18 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use these products at your own risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of these Technical Specifications before using the GPS 18. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing na vi gat i on.

FCC

Compliance

The GPS 18 complies with Part 15 of the FCC interference limits for Class B digital devices FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation, and are more stringent than “ou tdoor” r e quirements.

Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

The GPS 18 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could result in permanent damage to the equipment, and void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulations.

GPS 18 Technical Specifications (190-00307-00 ) Rev. D

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1.2 LIMITED WARRANTY

This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or unauthorized alteration or repairs.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCL UDI N G AN Y LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANT ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin authorized dealer, or call Garmin Product Support at one of the numbers shown below for shipping instructions and an RMA tracking number. The unit should be securely packed with the tracking number clearly written on the outside of the pack age. The unit should then be sent, freight charges prepaid, to any Garmin warranty service station. A copy of the original sales receipt is required as the proof of purchase for warranty repairs.

Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151

Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Fax 913/397.8282

Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9DL, U.K. Tel. 44/0870.8501241 Fax 44/0870.8501251

GPS 18 Technical Specifications (190-00307-00 ) Rev. D

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Overview The GPS 18 series products include an embedded receiver and an antenna. Based on the proven technology

found in other Garmin 12-channel GPS receivers, the GPS 18 tracks up to 12 satellites at a time while providing fast time-to-first-fix, precise navigation updates (five times per second for the GPS 18-5Hz, and once per second for the GPS 18 USB, 18 PC, and 18 LVC), and low power consumption. This generation of GPS sensors adds the capability of FAA Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential GPS. The GPS 18’s far-reaching capability meets the sensitivity requirements of land navigation as well as the dynamics requirements of high-performance aircraft.

The GPS 18 design uses the latest technology and high-level circuit integration to achieve superior performance while minimizing space and power requirements. All critical components of the system including the RF/IF receiver hardware and the digital baseband are designed and manufactured by Garmin to ensure the quality and capability of the GPS. The hardware capability combined with software intelligence makes the GPS 18 easy to integrate and use.

The GPS 18 series products are designed to withstand rugged operating conditions and are waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7, immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes. These complete GPS receivers require minimal additional components to be supplied by an OEM or system integrator. A minimum system must provide the GPS with a source of power and a clear view of the GPS satellites. Internal FLASH memory allows the GPS to retain critical data such as satellite orbital parameters, last-known position, date and time. End user interfaces such as keyboards and displays are the responsibility of the application designer.

1.3 FEATURES

• 12-channel GPS receiver tracks and uses up to 12 satellites for fast, accurate positioning and low

power consumption.

• Differential DGPS capability using real-time WAAS corrections yielding position errors of less than 3

meters.

• Compact, rugged design ideal for applications with minimal space. Receiver position information can

be displayed directly on a chartplotter or PC.

• User initialization is not required. Once installed, unit automatically produces navigation data after

position fix is acquired.

• User-configurable navigation mode (2-dimensional or 3-dimensional fix).

• (GPS 18 LVC and GPS 18-5Hz only) Highly accurate measurement pulse output for precise timing

measurements: one-pulse-per-second (1 Hz) for the GPS 18 LVC or 5 Hz for GPS 18-5Hz. Pulse wi dth is configurable in 20 millisecond increments from 20 ms to 980 ms with 1 µs accuracy.

• Configurable for binary format carrier phase data output.

• FLASH-based program and non-volatile memory. New software revisions available through Web site

download. Non-volatile memory does not require battery backup.

• Onboard rechargeable backup battery to maintain the real-time clock for up to 3 weeks.

• Configurable parameters include expected position, current time and date, preferred position fix type

(2D, 3D, or automatic), and velocity filter time constant (none, automatic, or your choice between 2 and 255 seconds).

• Waterproof design allows continuous exposure to the prevailing weather conditions at most locations.

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1.4 GPS 18 SERIES

There are several different versions of GPS 18 available. Refer below for a list of the three major divisions of the GPS 18 Series.

1.4.1 GPS 18 USB

The GPS 18 USB interfaces to a computer with an available USB port. Drivers are available for use on Windows computers. Macintosh and Linux drivers are not available. After the drivers are loaded, the device appears to the Windows operating system as a USB-connected device and appears in Device Manager as a Garmin USB Device.

1.4.2 GPS 18 PC

The GPS 18 PC interfaces to a serial port of a computer via a DB-9 connector and receives power through a 12-volt cigarette lighter adapter. The unit accepts TIA-232-F (RS-232) level inputs and transmits voltage levels that swing from zero V (ground) to 5 V TIA-232-F (RS-232) polarity.

The GPS 18 PC can cause an issue with Windows operating systems if the DB9 connector is plugged into the computer before the navigation software is up and running. The Windows operating system may interpret the serial connector on the GPS 18 as a serial mouse. Please refer to Appendix D: GPS 18 PC/ LVC/18-5Hz &

Windows Serial Mouse Issue for complete details.

1.4.3 GPS 18 LVC, GPS 18 LVC-5m, and GPS 18-5Hz

These products interface to a serial port. The units accept TIA-232-F (RS-232) level inputs and transmit voltage levels that swing from ground to the positive supply voltage, TIA-232-F (RS-232) polarity. They also have reverse polarity protection. The cable contains wires for power, ground, receive, transmit, and measurement pulse output.

At the end of the cable, the wires are terminated in a connector that is used by Garmin for testing purposes. Most customers will remove this connector and replace it with another connector of their own choosing. Removing the factory installed connector and/or replacing with another customer-supplied connector will have no affect on the warranty (see Section 1.2 Limited Warranty). The factory-installed connector will mate with JST right-angle PCB-mount connector (m odel BM0 6B -SRSS -TB T ) or side-entry PCB-mount connector (model SM06B-SRSS-TB). You may obtain technical information on these PCB-mount mating connectors from the JST Web site: http://www.jst.com/.

Note: Unless otherwise specified, all references to the GPS 18 LVC also include the GPS 18 LVC-5m.

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1.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

1.5.1 Physical Characteristics

1.5.1.1 Size

61 mm in diameter and 19.5 mm in height

1.5.1.2 Weight

• GPS 18 unit only (no cable): 1.9 oz (53.9 g)

• GPS 18 USB: 3.5 oz (100.4 g)

• GPS 18 PC: 6.5 oz (184.6 g)

• GPS 18 LVC (3 meter cable): 3.9 oz (110.6 g)

• GPS 18 LVC-5m (5 meter cable): 5.7 oz (161.6 g)

• GPS 18-5Hz (5 meter cable): 5.7 oz (161.6 g)

1.5.1.3 Color

Black

1.5.1.4 Case Material

Polycarbonate thermoplastic that is waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7 level (immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes)

1.5.1.5 Cable Length

• GPS 18 USB: 2 meter

• GPS 18 PC: 2 meter

• GPS 18 LVC: 3 meter (Garmin Part Number 010-00321-05)

• GPS 18 LVC-5m: 5 meter (Garmin Part Number 010-00321-06)

• GPS 18-5Hz: 5 meter

1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics

1.5.2.1 Input Voltage

• GPS 18 USB: 4.4–5.5 V

• GPS 18 PC: 8–30 V (Automotive supply from cigarette lighter jack)

• GPS 18 LVC: 4.0–5.5 V

• GPS 18-5Hz: 4.0–5.5 V

1.5.2.2 Input Current

• GPS 18 USB: 55 mA @ 5.0 V

• GPS 18 PC: 50 mA @ 13.8 V

• GPS 18 LVC: 60 mA @ 5.0 V

• GPS 18-5Hz: 65 mA @ 5.0 V

1.5.2.3 CMOS Serial Output Levels

• GPS 18 PC: 0 V to 5 V (Asynchronous Serial, TIA-232-F (RS-232) Compatible Polarity)

• GPS 18 LVC and GPS 18-5Hz: 0 V to Vin, between 4 and 5.5 V (Asynchronous Serial, TIA-232-F

(RS-232) Compatible Polarity)

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1.5.2.4

-165 dBW minimum

GPS Receiver Sensitivity

1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics

• Operating Temperature: -30°C to +80°C

• Storage Temperature: -40°C to +90°C

1.5.4 GPS Performance

1.5.4.1 Receiver

WAAS enabled; 12 parallel channel GPS receiver continuously tracks and uses up to 12 satellites (up to 11 with Measurement Pulse Output active) to compute and update your position.

1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times

• Reacquisition: Less than 2 seconds

• Warm: Approx. 15 seconds (all data known)

• Cold: Approx. 45 seconds (initial position, time, and almanac known; ephemeris unknown)

• AutoLocateTM: 5 minutes (almanac known; initial position and time unknown)

• SkySearch: 5 minutes (no data known)

1.5.4.3 Update Rate

• GPS 18 USB, PC, and LVC: 1 record per second

• GPS 18-5Hz: 5 records per second

1.5.4.4 Accuracy

• GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS )

Position: < 15 meters, 95% typical Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

• WAAS

Position: < 3 meters, 95% typical Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

• Measurement Pulse Output Time: ±1 microsecond at rising edge of the pulse

• Dynamics: 999 knots velocity (only limited at altitude greater than 60,000 feet), 6g dynamics

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