Garmin 16 x User Manual

GPS 16x

TECHNICAL

SPECIFICATIONS

Garmin International, Inc.

1200 E. 151

Olathe, KS 66062 USA

190-00228-08, Revision A

December 2007

Street

1200 East 151

Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Fax 913/397.8282

Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Liberty House, Hounsdown Business Park, Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 9RB, U. K. Tel. +44 (0) 870.8501241 (outside the UK) 0808 2380000 (within the UK) Fax +44 (0) 870.8501251

Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2

Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Tel. 886/2.2642.9199 Fax 886/2.2642.9099

All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded, or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without the express prior written consent of Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed and to print one copy of this manual or of any revision hereto, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this manual must contain the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized commercial distribution of this manual or any revision hereto is strictly prohibited.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Garmin reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements. Visit the Garmin Web site (

www.garmin.com) for current updates and supplemental information

concerning the use and operation of this and other Garmin products. Garmin

, MapSource®, and WAAS Enabled® are registered trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries and may

not be used without the express permission of Garmin. Web site address: www.garmin.com

RECORD OF REVISIONS

Revision

Date

A 12/7/07 Initial Release --

Description ECO #

190-00228-08 GPS 16x Technical Specifications Rev. A

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................1

1.1 Caution............................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Limited Warranty............................................................................................................................................2

1.3 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................3

1.4 Features...........................................................................................................................................................3

1.5 Technical Specifications..................................................................................................................................4

1.5.1 Physical Characteristics........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.1.1 Size............................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.1.2 Weight....................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.1.3 Cable......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.1.4 Color ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.1.5 Case Material ............................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.2.1 Input Voltage............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.5.2.2 Input Current............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.5.2.3 Standby Current ........................................................................................................................................ 4

1.5.2.4 GPS Receiver Sensitivity.......................................................................................................................... 4

1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics.............................................................................................................................. 4

1.5.4 GPS Performance.................................................................................................................................................. 5

1.5.4.1 Receiver .................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times..................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.4.3 Sentence Rate............................................................................................................................................ 5

1.5.4.4 Accuracy ................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5 Interfaces............................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5.1 Port 1......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5.2 Port 2......................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5.5.3 PPS............................................................................................................................................................ 6

1.5.5.4 Power Control ........................................................................................................................................... 6

2 GPS 16x Wiring and Pinouts..................................................................................................7

2.1 GPS 16x Pinout...............................................................................................................................................7

2.2 GPS 16x Wiring Diagrams..............................................................................................................................8

3 Mechanical Characteristics & Mounting...............................................................................9

3.1 GPS 16x Flush Mount.....................................................................................................................................9

3.2 GPS 16x Optional Magnetic Mount..............................................................................................................10

4 Software Interface..................................................................................................................11

4.1 Received NMEA 0183 Sentences .................................................................................................................11

4.1.1 Almanac Information (ALM).............................................................................................................................. 11

4.1.2 Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI)........................................................................................................ 12

4.1.3 Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC)..................................................................................................... 12

4.1.4 Additional Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC1) ................................................................................. 13

4.1.5 Output Sentence Enable/Disable (PGR MO) ....................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Transmitted NMEA 0183 Sentences.............................................................................................................14

4.2.1 Sentence Transmission Rate................................................................................................................................ 14

4.2.2 Transmitted Time................................................................................................................................................ 15

4.2.3 Global Positioning System Almanac Data (ALM).............................................................................................. 15

4.2.4 Global Positioning System Fix Data (GGA)....................................................................................................... 15

4.2.5 GPS DOP and Active Satellites (GSA)............................................................................................................... 16

4.2.6 GPS Satellites in View (GSV) ............................................................................................................................ 16

4.2.7 Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data (RMC)....................................................................... 16

4.2.8 Track Made Good and Ground Speed (VTG)..................................................................................................... 16

4.2.9 Geographic Position (GLL)................................................................................................................................. 17

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4.2.10 Estimated Error Information (PGRME).............................................................................................................. 17

4.2.11 GPS Fix Data Sentence (PGRMF)...................................................................................................................... 17

4.2.12 Map Datum (PGRMM)....................................................................................................................................... 17

4.2.13 Sensor Status Information (PGRMT).................................................................................................................. 17

4.2.14 3D Velocity Information (PGRMV)................................................................................................................... 18

4.2.15 DGPS Beacon Information (PGRMB)................................................................................................................ 18

4.3 Baud Rate Selection......................................................................................................................................18

4.4 One-Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) Output............................................................................................................18

4.5 Received RTCM Data...................................................................................................................................18

Appendix A: Earth Datums........................................................................................................19

Appendix B: Garmin Binary Output Format...........................................................................22

Position Record............................................................................................................................................................... 22

Satellite Data Record...................................................................................................................................................... 23

Sample C Code ............................................................................................................................................................... 24

Appendix C: Ephemeris Data download (Programming Example)........................................25

Synopsis.......................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Garmin Binary Format Review....................................................................................................................................... 25

Ephemeris Download Procedure..................................................................................................................................... 26

TX Packet: Ephemeris Data Request ...................................................................................................................... 26

RX Packet: Acknowledgement............................................................................................................................... 26

RX Packet: Number of Data Packets to Expect...................................................................................................... 26

TX Packet: Acknowledgement................................................................................................................................ 26

RX Packet: Ephemeris Data.................................................................................................................................... 27

TX Packet: Download Complete............................................................................................................................. 29

Appendix D: Sensor Configuration Software ...........................................................................30

Downloading the Sensor Configuration Software........................................................................................................... 30

Selecting a Model ........................................................................................................................................................... 30

Connecting to the Sensor................................................................................................................................................ 30

File Menu........................................................................................................................................................................ 31

Comm Menu................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Config Menu................................................................................................................................................................... 31

View Menu ..................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Help Menu...................................................................................................................................................................... 32

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1: GPS 16x Wire Pinout ......................................................................................................................................7

Figure 1: Computer Serial Port Interconnection............................................................................................................8

Figure 2: PDA Serial Port Interconnection....................................................................................................................8

Figure 3: Basic NMEA Device Interconnection............................................................................................................8

Figure 4: GPS 16x Flush Mount Dimensions...............................................................................................................9

Figure 5: Optional GPS 16x Magnetic Mount .............................................................................................................10

Table 2: NMEA 0183 Output Sentence Order and Size..............................................................................................14

Table 3: Characters per Second for Available Baud Rates..........................................................................................14

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 CAUTION

CAUTION

The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its accuracy and maintenance. Although the GPS 16x is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use these products at your own risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of these Technical Specifications before using the GPS 16x. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS to all available navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety, always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.

FCC

Compliance

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and may cause harmful interference to radio communications if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the GPS unit.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

This product does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized repairs or modiﬁcations could result in permanent damage to the equipment, and void your warranty and your authority to operate this device under Part 15 regulatio ns.

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1.2 LIMITED WARRANTY

This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alteration or repairs.

This product is intended to be used only as a travel aid and must not be used for any purpose requiring precise measurement of direction, distance, location, or topography. Garmin makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of map data in this product.

THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE E XCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PART I CULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YO U SPECIF IC LE GAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin authorized dealer or call Garmin Product Support for shipping instructions and an RMA tracking number. Securely pack the unit and a copy of the original sales receipt, which is required as the proof of purchase for warranty repairs. Write the tracking number clearly on the outside of the package. Send the unit, freight charges prepaid, to any Garmin warranty service station.

Online Auction Purchases: Products sold through online auctions are not eligible for rebates or other special offers from Garmin. Online auction conﬁrmations are not accepted for warranty veriﬁcation. To obtain warranty service, an original or copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is required. Garmin will not replace missing components from any package purchased through an online auction.

International Purchases: A separate warranty is provided by international distributors for units purchased outside the United States. This warranty is provided by the local in-country distributor and this distributor provides local service for your unit. Distributor warranties are only valid in the area of intended distribution. Units purchased in the United States or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service center in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, or Taiwan for service.

Garmin International, Inc. 1200 E 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 U.S.A. Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020 Fax. 913/397.8282

Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Liberty House Hounsdown Business Park, Southampton, Hampshire, SO40 9RB UK Tel. +44 (0) 870.8501241 (outside the UK) 0808 2380000 (within the UK) Fax +44 (0) 870.8501251

Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan Tel. 886/2.2642.9199 Fax 886/2.2642.9099

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1.3 OVERVIEW

The GPS 16x series products are complete GPS sensors including embedded receiver and antenna, designed for a broad spectrum of Original Equipment Manufacture (OEM) system applications. Based on the proven technology found in other Garmin GPS receivers, the GPS 16x tracks multiple satellites at a time while providing fast time-tofirst-fix, one-second navigation updates, and low power consumption. This generation of GPS sensors includes the capability of FAA Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential GPS.

The GPS 16x design uses the latest technology and high-level circuit integration to ach ieve superior performance while minimizing space and power requirements. All critical components of the system including the RF/IF receiver hardware and the digital baseband are manufactured by Garmin to ensure the quality and capability of the GPS. The hardware capability combined with software intelligence makes the GPS 16x easy to integrate and use.

The GPS 16x series products are designed to withstand rugged operating conditions and are waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7, immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes. These complete GPS receivers require minimal additional components to be supplied by an OEM or system integrator. A minimum system must provide the GPS with a source of power and a clear view of the GPS satellites. The system may communicate with the GPS via an asynchronous serial communications port. Internal FLASH memory allows the GPS to retain critical data such as satellite orbital parameters, last-known position, date, and time. End user interfaces such as keyboards and displays are the responsibility of the application designer.

1.4 FEATURES

• GPS receiver tracks and uses multiple satellites for fast, accurate positioning and velocity estimates.

• Differential DGPS capability using real-time WAAS or RTCM corrections yielding 3 to 5 meter position

accuracy (see section

• Compact, rugged design ideal for applications with minimal space.

1.5 Technical Specifications).

• May be remotely mounted in an out-of-the-way location.

• Factory configuration meets the needs of most systems that expect NMEA 0183 data from a GPS receiver.

Configuration commands are available to customize the NMEA 0183 output (see

NMEA 0183 Sentences

• Highly accurate one-pulse-per-second (PPS) output for precise timing measurements. Pulse width is

configurable in 20 millisecond increments from 20 ms to 980 ms with 1 μs accuracy.

• Configurable for binary format data output on COM 1 port.

• Flexible input voltage levels of 3.3 Vdc to 6.0 Vdc with over-voltage protection in the GPS 16xLVS, and

8.0 Vdc to 40 Vdc in the GPS 16xHVS.

• FLASH-based program with new software revisions available through Web site download.

• Non-volatile memory does not require battery backup.

• Waterproof design allows continuous exposure to the prevailing weather conditions at most locations.

section 4.1 Received

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1.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

1.5.1 Physical Characteristics

1.5.1.1 Size

3.58” (91.0 mm) diameter, 1.65” (42 mm) high

1.5.1.2 Weight

• GPS 16xLVS only: 6.0 oz (169 g)

• GPS 16xHVS only: 6.1 oz (174 g)

• GPS 16xLVS with 5-meter cable: 11.3 oz (320 g)

• GPS 16xHVS with 5-meter cable: 11.5 oz (325 g)

• GPS 16xLVS & 16xHVS cable alone: 5.3 oz (151 g)

1.5.1.3 Cable

GPS 16xLVS & 16xHVS: Black PVC-jacketed, 5-meter, foil-shielded, 8-conductor 28 AWG with RJ-45 termination

1.5.1.4 Color

GPS 16xLVS & 16xHVS: Black with white logos

1.5.1.5 Case Material

Polycarbonate thermoplastic that is waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7 level (immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes).

1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics

1.5.2.1 Input Voltage

• GPS 16xLVS: 3.3 Vdc to 6.0 Vdc regulat ed, <10 0 mV ripple

• GPS 16xHVS & 17HVS: 8.0 Vdc to 40 Vdc unregulated

1.5.2.2 Input Current

• GPS 16xHVS: 100 mA @ 8 Vdc

65 mA @ 12 Vdc 28 mA @ 40 Vdc

• GPS 16xLVS: 90 mA typical

1.5.2.3 Standby Current

<10 µA for all GPS 16x models

1.5.2.4 GPS Receiver Sensitivity

-185 dBW minimum

1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics

• Operating Temperature: -30°C to +80°C (-22°F to +176°F)

• Storage Temperature: -40°C to +80°C (-40°F to +176°F)

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1.5.4 GPS Performance

1.5.4.1 Receiver

WAAS Enabled® GPS receiver continuously tracks and uses multiple satellites to compute and update your position.

1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times

• Reacquisition: Less than 2 seconds

• Hot: Approx. 1 second (all data known)

• Warm: Approx. 38 seconds (initial position, time, and almanac known; ephemeris unknown)

• Cold: Approx. 45 seconds

1.5.4.3 Sentence Rate

1 second default; NMEA 0183 output interval configurable from 1 to 900 seconds in 1-second increments

1.5.4.4 Accuracy

• GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

Position: <15 meters, 95% typical (100 meters with Selective Availability on) Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

• DGPS (USCG/RTCM)

Position: 3–5 meters, 95% typical Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

• DGPS (WAAS)

Position: <3 meters, 95% typical Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

• PPS Time: ±1 microsecond at rising edge of PPS pulse (subject to Selective Availability)

• Dynamics: 999 knots velocity (only limited at altitude greater than 60,000 feet), 3g dynamics

1.5.5 Interfaces

• True RS-232 output, asynchronous serial input compatible with RS-232 or TTL voltage levels, RS-232

polarity.

• User selectable baud rate: 4800, 9600, 19200, or 38400.

1.5.5.1 Port 1

• Configurable between NMEA 0183 Versions 2.00 (factory default) and 3.00

• ASCII output sentences GPALM, GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMC, GPVTG (NMEA-

approved sentences); PGRMB, PGRME, PGRMF, PGRMM, PGRMT, and PGRMV (Garmin proprie t a ry sentences)

NMEA 0183 Outputs (see section 4.2 Transmitted NMEA 0183 Sentences for full protocol specifications)

•

o Position, velocity, and time o Receiver and satellite status o Differential Reference Station ID and RTCM Data age o Geometry and error estimates

•

NMEA 0183 Inputs (see section 4.1 Received NMEA 0183 Sentences for full protocol specificati ons)

o Initial position, date, and time (not required) o Earth datum and differential mode configuration command, PPS Enable, GPS satellite almanac

• Configurable for binary data output

1.5.5.2 Port 2

Real-time Differential Correction input (RTCM SC-104 message types 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9)

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1.5.5.3 PPS

1 Hz pulse, programmable width, 1 μs accuracy

1.5.5.4 Power Control

• Off: Open circuit

• On: Ground, or pull to low logic level <0.3 volts

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2 GPS 16x WIRING AND PINOUTS

2.1 GPS 16x PINOUT

The GPS 16xLVS and GPS 16xHVS sensors utilize an 8-pin RJ-45 plug. The following is a functional description of each wire in the cable assembly.

RJ-45

Wire

Color

Signal

Name

Description

1 Red POWER GPS 16xLVS: Regulated +3.3 to +6 Vdc. Typical operating current is 80 mA.

An internal 6.67 Vdc transient zener diode and a positive temperature coefficient resistor protect from transients and over-voltages. With voltages greater than 6.8 Vdc the zener will draw several amps of current through the resistor, causing it to heat rapidly and eventually power the unit off, unless an external fuse blows first. When proper supply voltages are returned, the resistor will cool and allow the GPS 16xLVS to operate. GPS 16xHVS: Vin can be an unregulated 8.0 Vdc to 40 Vdc, optimized for 12 Vdc. Typical operating power is 780 mW. This voltage drives a switching regulator with a nominal 5.0 Vdc output, which powers an internal linear

regulator, producing the system Vcc. 2 Black GROUND Power and Signal Ground 3 Yellow REMOTE

POWER ON/OFF

External Power Control Input. Active (ON) if less than 0.3 Vdc. Inactive (OFF) if

open-circuit. Pulling this pin to ground enables the unit; leaving the pin open-

circuited powers the internal regulators off and drops the supply current to less

than 1 mA. This input is intended to be driven by an open-collector output. 4 Blue PORT 1

DATA IN

First Serial Asynchronous Input. RS-232 compatible with maximum input

voltage range -25 < Vdc < 25. This input may also be directly connected to

standard 3 to 5 Vdc CMOS logic. The low signal voltage requirement is <0.6 V,

and the high signal voltage requirement is >2.4 Vdc. Input impedance is between

3.0 and 7.0 kΩ. This input may be used to receive serial initialization/ section 4.1 Received NMES 0183 Sentences.

5 White PORT 1

DATA OUT

configuration data as specified in First Serial Asynchronous Output. This RS-232 compatible output normally provides serial data which is formatted per NMEA 0183, Version 3.0. The NMEA 0183 baud rate is switchable in the range of 4800 to 38400 baud. Th e default baud rate is 4800.

6 Gray PPS One-Pulse-Per-Second Output. Typical voltage rise and fall times are 300 ns.

Impedance is 150 Ω. Open circuit output voltage is low = 0 Vdc and high = Vin in the GPS 16xLVS, and low = 0 Vdc and high = 5.0 Vdc in the GPS 16xHVS and GPS 17HVS. The default format is a 100 ms wide active-high pulse at a 1 Hz rate; the pulse width is configurable in 20 ms increments. Rising edge is synchronized to the start of each GPS second. This output provides bet we e n 800 mVp-p to 1.7 Vp-p for GPS 16xLVS and 1.4 Vp -p for the GPS 16xHVS and 17HVS into a 50 Ω load. The pulse time measured at the 50% voltage point will be about 50 ns earlier with a 50 Ω load than with no load.

7 Green PORT 2

DATA IN

Second Serial Asynchronous Input, electrically identical to PORT 1 DATA IN. This input may be used to receive serial differential GPS data formatted per

RTCM SC-104 Recommended Standards For Differential Navstar GPS Service,

section 4.5 Received RTCM Data for details).

8 Violet PORT 2

DATA

Version 2.2 (see Second Serial Asynchronous Output, electrically identical to PORT 1 DATA OUT. Reserved for future use.

OUT

Table 1: GPS 16x Wire Pinout

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