Furuno FCR-2117, FCR-2127, FCR-2817, FCR-2827, FCR-2117-BB Operator's Manual

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Page 1

MARINE RADAR/ARPA

FCR-2107(-BB)/

2807 Series

OPERATOR'S MANUAL

www.furuno.co.jp

MODEL

Complies with MSC.192(79)

Page 2

Thepaperusedinthismanual

iselementalchlorinefree.

・FURUNOAuthorizedDistributor/Dealer

9‑52Ashihara‑cho, Nishinomiya,662‑8580,JAPAN

Telephone: +81‑(0)798‑65‑2111

Fax:

+81‑(0)798‑65‑4200

A:JUL

2006

PrintedinJapan

Allrightsreserved.

C:OCT.13,2009

Pub.No.

OME‑35590‑C

*00015804112**00015804112*

(

DAMI

)

FCR‑2107/BB/2807SER

00015804112

**00015804112

*00015804112*

Page 3

Important Notices

General

• The operator of this equipment must read and follow the descriptions in this manual. Wrong operation or

maintenance can cancel the warranty or cause injury.

• Do not copy any part of this manual without written permission from FURUNO.

• If this manual is lost or worn, contact your dealer about replacement.

• The contents of this manual and equipment specifications can change without notice.

• The example screens (or illustrations) shown in this manual can be different from the screens you see on your

display. The screens you see depend on your system configuration and equipment settings.

• Save this manual for future reference.

• Any modification of the equipment (including software) by persons not authorized by FURUNO will cancel the

warranty.

• All brand and product names are trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of their respective holders.

How to discard this product

Discard this product according to local regulations for the disposal of industrial waste. For disposal in the USA, see the homepage of the Electronics Industries Alliance (http://www.eiae.org/) for the correct method of disposal.

How to discard a used battery

Some FURUNO products have a battery(ies). To see if your product has a battery(ies), see the chapter on Maintenance. Follow the instructions below if a battery(ies) is used.

In the European Union

The crossed-out trash can symbol indicates that all types of batteries must not be discarded in standard trash, or at a trash site. Take the used batteries to a battery collection site according to your national legislation and the Batteries Directive 2006/66/EU.

In the USA

The Mobius loop symbol (three chasing arrows) indicates that Ni-Cd and leadacid rechargeable batteries must be recycled. Take the used batteries to a battery collection site according to local laws.

In the other countries

There are no international standards for the battery recycle symbol. The number of symbols can increase when the other countries make their own recycling symbols in the future.

Ni-Cd Pb

Page 4

Safety Instructions

Mandatory Action

Prohibitive Action

WARNING

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in minor or moderate injury.

Warning, Caution

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a close distance while the radar ius in operation or eexpose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance. Distances at which RF radiation level of 100, 50 and 10 W/m are given in the table below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house, your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna revolution. This is possible. Ask your FURUNO representive or dealer to provide this feature.

XN12AF: 120cm, XN20AF: 198cm, XN24AF: 243cm, SN30AF: 309cm, SN36AF: 377cm

OR MAF1425B

100W/m

Radar model

FCR-2127/2827

FCR-2117/2817

XN20AF XN24AF

SN30AF

0.1m

0.5m

0.2m

FCR-2137S/2837S

XN20AF

FCR-2837SW

FCR-2827W

Transceiver

Magnetron

RTR-079 MG5436

RTR-078

RTR-080

RTR-081 RTR-082

MG4010

MG5223F

MG5436 MG5223F

SN36AF

Antenna

0.1m

0.4m

10W/m

2.2m

1.5m

4.6m

3.3m

2.4m

5.6m

1.9m

50W/m

0.7m

0.4m

1.7m

1.0m

0.2m

SN36AF

0.1m

2.0m

0.7m

XN24AF 0.2m 3.4m

0.5m

The operator must read the applicable safety instructions before attempting to operate the equipment.

Page 5

Safety Instructions

iii

WARNING

Do not subject the units other than the antenna unit to rain or water splash.

Fire or electrical shock can result if water gets inside the equipment.

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if the equipment is modified.

Do not place liquid-filled containers on the top of either processor unit.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into a processor unit.

Do not operate the equipment with wet hands.

Electrical shock can result.

Do not leave ropes or other objects in the vicinity of the antenna unit.

Fire, electrical shock or injury can result if an object becomes entangled in the antenna unit.

Use the correct fuse. Use of an incorrect fuse can causes fire

or serious damage to the equipment.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.

WARNING

Radiation hazard. Only qualified personnel should work inside scanner. Confirm that TX has stopped before opening scanner.

Warning Labels

Warning labels are attached to the equipment. Do not remove any label. If a label is missing or damaged, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.

Name: Warning Label 1 Type: 86-003-1011-1 Code No.: 100-236-231

Name: Warning Sticker Type: 3-142-3201-0 Code No.: 100-266-890

Do not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Make sure no is near the antenna unit before turning on the radar.

Serious injury or death can result if someone is struck by a rotating radar antenna.

Turn off the power immediately at the switchboad if water leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock.

Page 6

Safety Instructions

WARNING

No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

• This TT automatically tracks automatically or manually acquired radar targets and calculates their courses and speeds, indicating them by vectors. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of this TT meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15—30 seconds for high relative speed; 30—60 seconds for low relative speed.

• Display accuracy is affected by the following:

- Echo intensity

- Radar transmission pulsewidth

- Radar bearing error

- Gyrocompass error

- Course change (own ship and target)

The data generated by TT and AIS are intended for reference only.

Use all available navigation aids to determine the position of other vessels.

No one navigation device should ever be solely relied upon for the navigation of the vessel.

Always confirm position against all available aids to navigation, for safety of vessel and crew.

A radar is useful as an anti-collision aid. However, it does not remove the requirement for maintaining a vigilant watch.

Always maintain a vigilant watch while underway.

Page 7

Table of Contents

Foreword..................................................................................................................................................xv

System Configuration .......................................................................................................................... xvii

Operational Overview ................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Units of the System ............................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.1 Control units .............................................................................................................. 1-1

1.1.2 Chart processor unit.................................................................................................. 1-3

1.2 Turning the Power On/Off .................................................................................................... 1-3

1.3 Monitor Brilliance ................................................................................................................. 1-4

1.4 Menu Operation..................................................................................................................... 1-5

1.5 Using the Trackball Module ................................................................................................. 1-8

1.5.1 The scrollwheel .......................................................................................................... 1-8

1.5.2 Calling menus and functions by the mouse buttons................................................ 1-9

1.6 Operation Modes .................................................................................................................1-10

1.6.1 When chart radar mode can be used ...................................................................... 1-10

1.6.2 Switching modes ...................................................................................................... 1-10

1.7 Configuring Hot Keys F1-F4............................................................................................... 1-11

1.8 Geodetic Datum ................................................................................................................... 1-12

1.9 Turning EBL, VRM On/Off ................................................................................................. 1-12

1.9.1 EBL........................................................................................................................... 1-13

1.9.2 VRM.......................................................................................................................... 1-13

1.9.3 Shifting the reference point of EBL and VRM ....................................................... 1-14

1.10 Ship’s Position .................................................................................................................... 1-15

1.11 Customizing Operation ...................................................................................................... 1-16

1.12 Alerts Description............................................................................................................... 1-17

1.13 Charts ................................................................................................................................. 1-18

1.14 Route Monitor..................................................................................................................... 1-18

1.15 Switching Hub HUB-100 ................................................................................................... 1-19

Radar Operation............................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1 Radar Display ........................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1.1 Radar mode ................................................................................................................ 2-1

2.1.2 Chart radar mode ...................................................................................................... 2-2

2.2 Tuning the Receiver .............................................................................................................. 2-3

2.2.1 Choosing the tuning method ..................................................................................... 2-3

2.2.2 Initializing tuning...................................................................................................... 2-3

2.2.3 Automatic tuning....................................................................................................... 2-3

2.2.4 Manual tuning ........................................................................................................... 2-3

2.3 Heading with Gyrocompass .................................................................................................. 2-4

2.4 Presentation Modes............................................................................................................... 2-5

2.4.1 Presentation modes ................................................................................................... 2-5

2.4.2 Description of presentation modes............................................................................ 2-6

2.5 Entering Own Ship's Speed .................................................................................................. 2-9

2.5.1 Speed selection for SPD and SB (TT, AIS and trails) .............................................. 2-9

2.5.2 Speed selection for COG and SOG (navigation)....................................................... 2-9

2.5.3 Manual speed input................................................................................................. 2-11

2.6 Choosing the Range Scale ................................................................................................... 2-12

2.7 Adjusting the Sensitivity .................................................................................................... 2-12

2.8 Suppressing Sea Clutter ..................................................................................................... 2-12

2.8.1 Automatic adjustment by the A/C SEA control...................................................... 2-13

2.8.2 Manual adjustment of A/C SEA.............................................................................. 2-13

2.9 Suppressing Rain Clutter ................................................................................................... 2-14

2.9.1 Turning AUTO RAIN on or off................................................................................ 2-14

2.9.2 Adjusting A/C RAIN ................................................................................................ 2-14

2.10 Interference Rejector.......................................................................................................... 2-16

2.11 Measuring the Range ......................................................................................................... 2-16

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Table of Contents

2.11.1 Turning range rings on/off ..................................................................................... 2-16

2.11.2 Measuring range by the variable range marker (VRM)....................................... 2-17

2.12 Measuring the Bearing ...................................................................................................... 2-18

2.12.1 Measuring the bearing........................................................................................... 2-18

2.12.2 Choosing true or relative bearing.......................................................................... 2-18

2.13 Pulse Length....................................................................................................................... 2-19

2.13.1 Choosing pulse length ............................................................................................ 2-19

2.13.2 Changing pulse length ........................................................................................... 2-19

2.14 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL ................................................................................. 2-20

2.14.1 Assessing risk of collision by the offset EBL......................................................... 2-20

2.14.2 Choosing point of reference for origin point of offset EBL ................................... 2-21

2.15 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ..................................................... 2-22

2.16 Off-Centering the Display.................................................................................................. 2-23

2.17 Echo Stretch........................................................................................................................ 2-24

2.18 Echo Averaging................................................................................................................... 2-24

2.19 Target Trails....................................................................................................................... 2-25

2.19.1 True or relative trails............................................................................................. 2-25

2.19.2 Trail time ................................................................................................................ 2-25

2.19.3 Resetting target trails............................................................................................ 2-25

2.19.4 Temporarily removing trails.................................................................................. 2-25

2.20 Parallel Index (PI) Lines.................................................................................................... 2-26

2.21 Markers............................................................................................................................... 2-28

2.22 Automatic Picture Setup According to Navigation Purpose ............................................ 2-29

2.22.1 Choosing a picture setup option ............................................................................ 2-32

2.22.2 User-programmable picture setups....................................................................... 2-32

2.22.3 Restoring user settings .......................................................................................... 2-33

2.22.4 Restoring default picture setup options ................................................................ 2-33

2.23 Noise Rejector ..................................................................................................................... 2-34

2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes...................................................................................... 2-35

2.25 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data .................................................................................. 2-36

2.26 Watch Alarm....................................................................................................................... 2-37

2.27 Interswitch.......................................................................................................................... 2-38

2.27.1 Displaying antenna information ........................................................................... 2-38

2.27.2 Presetting antenna and display combinations ..................................................... 2-39

2.27.3 Selection considerations......................................................................................... 2-39

2.27.4 Selecting the antenna ............................................................................................ 2-40

2.28 Performance Monitor.......................................................................................................... 2-41

2.29 Color and Brilliance Sets ................................................................................................... 2-42

2.30 Reference Position ..............................................................................................................2-43

2.31 Cursor Position Data.......................................................................................................... 2-44

2.32 Drop Mark........................................................................................................................... 2-45

2.33 Anchor Watch ..................................................................................................................... 2-46

2.34 Chart Display Dialog.......................................................................................................... 2-47

2.35 Chart Database Information.............................................................................................. 2-47

2.35.1 Selecting pre defined chart database display settings ......................................... 2-48

2.35.2 Creating user-defined chart database display settings........................................ 2-48

2.36 Temporary Chart Priority Display Control....................................................................... 2-49

2.36.1 Chart priority ......................................................................................................... 2-49

2.36.2 Coast line only ........................................................................................................ 2-49

2.37 Chart Status Box................................................................................................................2-49

2.38 Chart Alert Function.......................................................................................................... 2-50

3. Radar Observation ........................................................................................................................ 3-1

3.1 General................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges............................................................................... 3-1

3.2 False Echoes .......................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) ............................................................................. 3-4

3.3.1 SART description....................................................................................................... 3-4

3.3.2 Showing SART marks on the radar display ............................................................. 3-5

3.3.3 General remarks on receiving SART ........................................................................ 3-5

3.4 RACON .................................................................................................................................. 3-6

Page 9

Table of Contents

vii

3.5 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE) ............................................................................................. 3-6

4. Target Tracking (TT) Operation................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Usage Precautions................................................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Controls for TT ...................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3 Showing, Hiding TT ..............................................................................................................4-2

4.4 Entering Own Ship's Speed .................................................................................................. 4-3

4.4.1 Echo-referenced speed input ..................................................................................... 4-3

4.5 Automatic Acquisition...........................................................................................................4-4

4.5.1 Enabling auto acquisition ......................................................................................... 4-4

4.5.2 Terminating tracking of targets (including reference targets)................................ 4-5

4.6 Manual Acquisition ............................................................................................................... 4-5

4.6.1 Setting manual acquisition conditions ..................................................................... 4-5

4.6.2 Manually acquiring a target ..................................................................................... 4-6

4.7 TT Symbols and TT Symbol Attributes................................................................................ 4-7

4.7.1 TT symbols................................................................................................................. 4-7

4.7.2 TT symbol brilliance.................................................................................................. 4-8

4.7.3 Color and size for tracked target symbol.................................................................. 4-9

4.8 Displaying Tracked Target Data ........................................................................................ 4-10

4.8.1 Displaying target data for individual tracked target............................................. 4-10

4.8.2 Displaying individual tracked target data ............................................................. 4-11

4.9 Vector Modes ....................................................................................................................... 4-12

4.9.1 Description of vectors .............................................................................................. 4-12

4.9.2 Vector motion and length ........................................................................................ 4-13

4.10 Past Position Display ......................................................................................................... 4-14

4.10.1 Displaying and erasing past position points, choosing past position

plot interval........................................................................................................... 4-14

4.10.2 Past position display attributes............................................................................. 4-15

4.11 Predictor ............................................................................................................................. 4-16

4.11.1 Predictor settings ................................................................................................... 4-16

4.12 Set and Drift ....................................................................................................................... 4-17

4.13 TT Collision Alarm ............................................................................................................. 4-18

4.13.1 Setting CPA and TCPA ranges.............................................................................. 4-18

4.14 Setting an Acquisition Zone............................................................................................... 4-19

4.14.1 Activating an acquisition zone .............................................................................. 4-19

4.14.2 Sleeping, deactivating an acquisition zone ........................................................... 4-20

4.14.3 Acknowledging the acquisition zone alarm .......................................................... 4-20

4.14.4 Acquisition zone stabilization................................................................................ 4-20

4.15 TT Alerts............................................................................................................................. 4-21

4.16 Trial Maneuver................................................................................................................... 4-22

4.16.1 Types of trial maneuvers ....................................................................................... 4-22

4.16.2 Performing a trial maneuver ................................................................................. 4-23

4.17 TT Performance Test.......................................................................................................... 4-26

4.18 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking....................................................................... 4-27

4.19 Factors Affecting TT Functions ......................................................................................... 4-28

5. AIS Operation ............................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.1 Controls for AIS..................................................................................................................... 5-2

5.2 Turning AIS Function Off..................................................................................................... 5-3

5.3 Turning AIS Display On/Off ................................................................................................. 5-3

5.4 AIS Symbols........................................................................................................................... 5-4

5.5 Filtering AIS Targets ............................................................................................................ 5-5

5.6 Activating Targets................................................................................................................. 5-7

5.6.1 Activating specific target........................................................................................... 5-7

5.6.2 Activating all targets................................................................................................. 5-7

5.7 Sleeping Targets.................................................................................................................... 5-8

5.7.1 Sleeping an activated AIS target.............................................................................. 5-8

5.7.2 Sleeping all activated AIS targets ............................................................................ 5-8

5.8 Displaying Target Data......................................................................................................... 5-9

5.8.1 Basic data................................................................................................................... 5-9

5.8.2 Detailed target data ................................................................................................ 5-10

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Table of Contents

viii

5.9 Setting CPA and TCPA Limits ........................................................................................... 5-11

5.9.1 Setting CPA and TCPA limits................................................................................. 5-11

5.9.2 Activating, deactivating danger alarm for dangerous AIS targets ....................... 5-11

5.9.3 CPA auto activation setting .................................................................................... 5-12

5.10 AIS Symbol Attributes ....................................................................................................... 5-13

5.10.1 AIS symbol brilliance ............................................................................................. 5-13

5.10.2 AIS symbol color, outlines, ROT............................................................................ 5-14

5.11 Lost AIS Targets................................................................................................................. 5-15

5.11.1 Enabling, disabling audio alarm for lost target.................................................... 5-15

5.12 Displaying AIS Target Past Positions ............................................................................... 5-16

5.12.1 Displaying and erasing past position points, choosing past position interval .... 5-16

5.12.2 Past position display attributes............................................................................. 5-17

5.13 Displaying True or Relative Speed Vectors....................................................................... 5-18

5.14 Association of TT and AIS Targets.................................................................................... 5-18

5.14.1 Activating association ............................................................................................ 5-18

5.15 AIS Own Ship Info.............................................................................................................. 5-22

5.16 AIS Safety Messages .......................................................................................................... 5-23

5.16.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5-23

5.16.2 Creating a new safety message ............................................................................. 5-24

5.16.3 Reading a received safety message ....................................................................... 5-25

5.16.4 Replying to a safety message................................................................................. 5-26

5.17 AIS Alerts ........................................................................................................................... 5-27

6. ECDIS Overview ........................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1 ECDIS Overview ................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 User interface............................................................................................................. 6-2

6.1.2 Information area........................................................................................................ 6-3

6.1.3 Sidebar on user interface .......................................................................................... 6-4

6.1.4 Controlling planning and monitoring modes on the ECDIS display..................... 6-10

6.2 Setting up Before Departure............................................................................................... 6-11

6.2.1 Setting chart alert calculation ................................................................................ 6-11

6.2.2 Creating or updating a route................................................................................... 6-12

6.2.3 Checking and preparing route to monitor .............................................................. 6-13

6.2.4 Verifying configuration of navigation sensors........................................................ 6-16

6.2.5 Resetting distance and trip counters...................................................................... 6-18

6.2.6 Verifying datum....................................................................................................... 6-18

7. Vector Chart Material................................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 S57 Charts ............................................................................................................................. 7-1

7.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.2 Chart legend for S57 chart........................................................................................ 7-2

7.1.3 Permanent messages for S57 charts......................................................................... 7-2

7.2 Loading S57 Charts............................................................................................................... 7-3

7.2.1 Flow chart for loading S57 charts into chart radar ................................................. 7-3

7.2.2 Loading S57 charts from a CD ROM, floppy disk or LAN....................................... 7-5

7.2.3 Loading S57 charts which are not fully compliant with the IMO standards ...... 7-13

7.3 S57 SENC Conversion Details............................................................................................ 7-14

7.3.1 Speeding up SENC conversion................................................................................ 7-14

7.3.2 Choosing automatic SENC conversion and display until date.............................. 7-15

7.3.3 Viewing progress of SENC conversion.................................................................... 7-16

7.3.4 Using the Failed SENC conversion window........................................................... 7-17

7.3.5 Using SENC conversion history log........................................................................ 7-18

7.3.6 Using SENC convert window to initiate SENC conversion................................... 7-20

7.4 Features of the Chart Menu ............................................................................................... 7-21

7.4.1 Overview of the chart menu .................................................................................... 7-21

7.4.2 Catalogue of S57 cells.............................................................................................. 7-23

7.4.3 Grouping S57 chart cells ......................................................................................... 7-25

7.4.4 Viewing status and setting viewing dates of S57 chart cells and their updates .. 7-33

7.4.5 Removing an S57 chart cell from the system ......................................................... 7-34

7.5 S57 Chart Service from an RENC ...................................................................................... 7-35

7.5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7-35

Page 11

Table of Contents

7.5.2 Permits..................................................................................................................... 7-35

7.5.3 Product list............................................................................................................... 7-35

7.5.4 Authentication ......................................................................................................... 7-35

7.5.5 Available service types ............................................................................................ 7-36

7.6 Services Provided by an RENC........................................................................................... 7-37

7.6.1 Viewing the coverage of an RENC service ............................................................. 7-37

7.6.2 Knowing up-to-date status of a chart from an RENC............................................ 7-38

7.6.3 Knowing up-to-date status of an RENC product list ............................................. 7-39

7.6.4 Managing permits from an RENC.......................................................................... 7-40

7.6.5 Managing public key from an RENC...................................................................... 7-41

7.7 CD ROM Service From an RENC....................................................................................... 7-43

7.7.1 Getting started with S57 charts using an RENC .................................................. 7-43

7.7.2 Keeping S57 charts up to date using an RENC ..................................................... 7-44

7.7.3 Enlarging chart coverage using an RENC ............................................................. 7-45

7.7.4 Base CD ROM from an RENC ................................................................................ 7-45

7.7.5 Viewing coverage of a base or update CD ROM from an RENC ........................... 7-49

7.7.6 Loading an RENC-generated permit CD ROM or floppy disk .............................. 7-50

7.8 RENC Security System ....................................................................................................... 7-52

7.8.1 Standard messages in S57 chart load..................................................................... 7-52

7.8.2 Additional messages in S57 chart load................................................................... 7-52

7.8.3 Additional messages in S57 SENC conversion ...................................................... 7-54

7.9 Vector Chart Display........................................................................................................... 7-55

7.9.1 Choosing charts for viewing.................................................................................... 7-55

7.9.2 Choosing a chart by its name.................................................................................. 7-56

7.9.3 Controlling visible chart features (chart display) .................................................. 7-56

7.9.4 Display base ............................................................................................................. 7-60

7.9.5 Controlling visible navigation features (Symbol display)...................................... 7-60

7.9.6 Storing and recalling chart display setting for visible chart and navigational

features.................................................................................................................. 7-65

7.9.7 Control of predefined IMO Chart Display Settings ............................................... 7-66

7.10 Sailing Directions, Tidal Tables, etc., Features of Vector Charts.................................... 7-67

7.11 Chart Viewing Dates and Seasonal Features of the Vector Chart .................................. 7-68

7.11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 7-68

7.11.2 Approving and highlighting vector chart updates................................................ 7-68

7.11.3 Setting "display until" date.................................................................................... 7-69

7.11.4 Setting "approve until" date .................................................................................. 7-69

7.11.5 About chart viewing date dependency of S57 standard ....................................... 7-70

7.12 Symbology Used in Vector Charts..................................................................................... 7-75

7.12.1 How to change presentation library used for vector chart features .................... 7-75

7.13 Requesting Information About Vector Chart Objects ...................................................... 7-76

7.13.1 Setting visible vector chart features ..................................................................... 7-76

7.13.2 Choosing desired object from the list of found objects.......................................... 7-76

7.13.3 Viewing properties of a vector chart object........................................................... 7-78

7.13.4 About vector chart coding ...................................................................................... 7-79

7.14 Other Features of Vector Charts ....................................................................................... 7-85

7.14.1 Cell status............................................................................................................... 7-85

7.14.2 S57 cell details........................................................................................................ 7-86

7.14.3 Using cell status window to initiate SENC conversion........................................ 7-87

8. Manual Updates............................................................................................................................ 8-1

8.1 Symbols to Use with Manual Updates ................................................................................. 8-2

8.2 Displaying Manual Updates ................................................................................................. 8-2

8.2.1 Controlling visibility of orange symbols from manual updates............................... 8-2

8.2.2 Controlling visibility of true symbols from manual updates................................... 8-3

8.3 Controlling Chart Viewing Dates of Manual Updates ........................................................ 8-3

8.3.1 Setting current date for viewing ............................................................................... 8-3

8.4 Using Manual Update Editor w/Orange Symbols ............................................................... 8-4

8.4.1 Manual update planning........................................................................................... 8-4

8.4.2 Inserting new orange symbols .................................................................................. 8-5

8.4.3 Deleting orange symbols ........................................................................................... 8-8

8.4.4 Editing position of orange symbols........................................................................... 8-9

Page 12

Table of Contents

8.5 Using Manual Update Editor with True Symbols ............................................................. 8-12

8.5.1 Manual update planning ......................................................................................... 8-12

8.5.2 Inserting new chart objects ..................................................................................... 8-13

8.5.3 Modifying chart objects ........................................................................................... 8-18

8.5.4 Deleting chart objects .............................................................................................. 8-20

8.5.5 Editing properties of manually updated chart objects........................................... 8-21

8.6 Checking Creation and Usage History of Manual Updates .............................................. 8-24

9. Chart Alerts................................................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Chart Alerts ........................................................................................................................... 9-2

9.1.1 Choosing safety contour ............................................................................................ 9-2

9.1.2 Choosing objects used in chart alerts ....................................................................... 9-3

9.1.3 Highlighting chart alert areas .................................................................................. 9-5

9.2 Inserting User Chart Symbols, Lines and Areas in Chart Alert ........................................ 9-6

9.3 Activating Own Ship Check .................................................................................................. 9-8

9.4 Route Planning .................................................................................................................... 9-10

9.5 Route Monitoring................................................................................................................. 9-13

10. Route Planning............................................................................................................................ 10-1

10.1 Main Menu for Route Planning ......................................................................................... 10-2

10.2 Choosing Datum ................................................................................................................. 10-4

10.3 Creating a New Route ........................................................................................................ 10-5

10.3.1 Processing waypoints ............................................................................................. 10-6

10.3.2 Using the Alerts page............................................................................................. 10-7

10.3.3 Using the Check page ............................................................................................ 10-8

10.3.4 Using the Parameters page ................................................................................... 10-9

10.3.5 Using the Prepare page........................................................................................ 10-10

10.4 Modifying an Existing Route ........................................................................................... 10-11

10.4.1 Parameters ........................................................................................................... 10-11

10.4.2 Changing waypoint position ................................................................................ 10-11

10.4.3 Changing other waypoint data ............................................................................ 10-13

10.4.4 Adding a new waypoint at the end of a route ..................................................... 10-13

10.4.5 Inserting a waypoint ............................................................................................ 10-14

10.4.6 Deleting a waypoint ............................................................................................. 10-15

10.4.7 Importing waypoint from other routes................................................................ 10-15

10.4.8 Importing waypoint from external device........................................................... 10-16

10.4.9 Reversing sailing order of a route ....................................................................... 10-17

10.4.10 Geometry check of route ...................................................................................... 10-17

10.5 Route Optimization .......................................................................................................... 10-17

10.5.1 Available route optimization strategies .............................................................. 10-17

10.5.2 Optimizing a route ............................................................................................... 10-18

10.5.3 Planning a speed profile....................................................................................... 10-18

10.6 Backup .............................................................................................................................. 10-19

10.7 WPT Table Report ............................................................................................................ 10-19

10.8 Full WPT Report............................................................................................................... 10-21

10.9 Passage Plan Report......................................................................................................... 10-22

11. Route Monitoring ........................................................................................................................ 11-1

11.1 Choosing Route to Monitor ................................................................................................ 11-1

11.2 Choosing TO Waypoint ...................................................................................................... 11-2

11.3 Choosing Final Waypoint................................................................................................... 11-3

11.4 Viewing Waypoint Information ......................................................................................... 11-3

11.5 Displaying a Route on the Electronic Chart Screen ........................................................ 11-4

11.6 Route Assistant .................................................................................................................. 11-5

11.7 Monitoring a Route............................................................................................................. 11-7

11.8 ETA (Estimated Time Of Arrival) ..................................................................................... 11-8

11.9 Route Monitoring Alerts .................................................................................................. 11-10

12. User Chart Control ..................................................................................................................... 12-1

12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 12-1

12.1.1 Objects of user charts............................................................................................. 12-1

12.1.2 Modes of user charts .............................................................................................. 12-2

Page 13

Table of Contents

12.2 What is a User Chart Point and How is it Used? ............................................................. 12-4

12.3 Choosing Datum ................................................................................................................. 12-6

12.4 Choosing User Chart to use in Monitoring Mode ............................................................. 12-6

12.5 Choosing User Chart to use in Planning Mode................................................................. 12-7

12.6 Creating a User Chart........................................................................................................ 12-8

12.6.1 Point page ............................................................................................................... 12-9

12.6.2 Symbol page.......................................................................................................... 12-10

12.6.3 Line page .............................................................................................................. 12-11

12.6.4 Tidal page ............................................................................................................. 12-12

12.6.5 Area page.............................................................................................................. 12-13

12.7 Importing an Area to a User Chart ................................................................................. 12-15

12.7.1 Adding a new point, symbol, line or tidal to a user chart .................................. 12-15

12.7.2 Changing other data of point, symbol, line or tidal............................................ 12-16

12.7.3 Deleting a point, symbol, line or tidal ................................................................. 12-16

12.7.4 Importing points, symbols, lines or tidals from other user chart ...................... 12-17

12.8 Joining Two or More User Charts ................................................................................... 12-17

12.9 Displaying User Charts.................................................................................................... 12-18

12.10 Reports .............................................................................................................................. 12-20

13. Notes............................................................................................................................................ 13-1

13.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 13-1

13.1.1 Notes modes............................................................................................................ 13-2

13.2 Using Notes ........................................................................................................................ 13-3

13.3 Selecting Notes to use in Monitoring Mode ...................................................................... 13-4

13.3.1 Monitor Notes dialog box description.................................................................... 13-5

13.4 Selecting Notes to use in Planning Mode.......................................................................... 13-6

13.4.1 Plan Notes dialog box description ......................................................................... 13-7

13.5 Creating New Notes ........................................................................................................... 13-8

13.5.1 Adding new Notes record....................................................................................... 13-8

13.5.2 Choosing Notes record to modify........................................................................... 13-9

13.5.3 Changing Notes record position ............................................................................ 13-9

13.5.4 Changing other data of Notes record .................................................................... 13-9

13.5.5 Deleting a Notes record.......................................................................................... 13-9

13.5.6 Importing Notes from other routes ..................................................................... 13-10

14. Backup Operations...................................................................................................................... 14-1

14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 14-1

14.2 File Operations................................................................................................................... 14-2

14.3 Floppy Disk Operations ..................................................................................................... 14-2

14.4 Vector Format Data............................................................................................................ 14-3

14.5 ASCII Text File................................................................................................................... 14-3

14.6 Chart ................................................................................................................................... 14-4

15. Navigation Sensors ..................................................................................................................... 15-1

15.1 Choosing Navigation Sensors ............................................................................................ 15-1

15.1.1 Sensors dialog box description............................................................................... 15-1

15.2 Source of Position ............................................................................................................... 15-5

15.3 Primary and Secondary Positions of Own Ship ................................................................ 15-6

15.4 Position Discrepancy Alert................................................................................................. 15-6

15.5 Source of Navigation Data ................................................................................................. 15-7

15.6 Kalman Filter ................................................................................................................... 15-10

15.6.1 Position alignment ............................................................................................... 15-11

15.6.2 Position alignment by means of the chart radar ................................................ 15-11

15.6.3 Resetting position alignment............................................................................... 15-13

15.7 Gyro Error Correction ...................................................................................................... 15-14

15.7.1 Enabling gyro error correction ............................................................................ 15-15

15.8 Wind Sensor...................................................................................................................... 15-16

15.8.1 Installation parameter for wind sensor .............................................................. 15-17

15.9 Depth Sensor .................................................................................................................... 15-19

15.10 Sensor-related Alerts ....................................................................................................... 15-20

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xii

16. Recording Functions ................................................................................................................... 16-1

16.1 Events and Man Overboard Functions ............................................................................. 16-1

16.2 Voyage Records................................................................................................................... 16-2

16.2.1 Details log ............................................................................................................... 16-2

16.2.2 Voyage log............................................................................................................... 16-3

16.2.3 Danger target log ................................................................................................... 16-7

16.2.4 Chart usage log....................................................................................................... 16-9

16.2.5 Printing details, voyage or danger targets log...................................................... 16-9

16.2.6 Making backup copy from details, voyage or danger target log......................... 16-11

16.2.7 Resetting (emptying) voyage and danger targets logs ....................................... 16-12

16.2.8 Making a user chart from a log (past track) ....................................................... 16-12

16.2.9 Alert log ................................................................................................................ 16-14

16.3 Distance and Trip Counters............................................................................................. 16-15

17. NAVTEX Messages ..................................................................................................................... 17-1

17.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 17-1

17.2 Receiving NAVTEX message ............................................................................................. 17-1

18. Anchor Watch.............................................................................................................................. 18-1

18.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 18-1

18.2 Activating Anchor Watch ................................................................................................... 18-1

18.3 Deactivating Anchor Watch ............................................................................................... 18-2

19. Parameters Setup........................................................................................................................ 19-1

19.1 Parameters.......................................................................................................................... 19-1

19.1.1 Parameter-related menus ...................................................................................... 19-2

19.1.2 Choosing datum...................................................................................................... 19-3

19.1.3 Navigation parameters setting.............................................................................. 19-3

19.1.4 Optimization parameters setting .......................................................................... 19-4

19.2 Color Calibration Settings ................................................................................................. 19-5

19.2.1 Color differentiation test for S57 charts ............................................................... 19-5

19.2.2 Gray scale test ........................................................................................................ 19-6

20. Alerts ........................................................................................................................................... 20-1

20.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 20-1

20.2 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 20-1

20.3 Alerts Generated by Navigation Calculation.................................................................... 20-2

20.4 Alerts Generated by Chart Calculation............................................................................. 20-2

20.5 Alerts Generated by Radar ................................................................................................ 20-2

20.6 Description of the Alert Priority System........................................................................... 20-3

20.7 Warnings for Doubtful Integrity........................................................................................ 20-5

20.8 Alert Reporting to Central Alert Management................................................................. 20-5

20.9 Alert Reception from Connected Sensors.......................................................................... 20-5

20.10 List of Alerts ....................................................................................................................... 20-6

20.10.1 List of navigation alerts ......................................................................................... 20-6

20.10.2 List of chart alerts ................................................................................................ 20-15

20.10.3 List of radar related alerts................................................................................... 20-16

20.10.4 List of external sensor related alerts .................................................................. 20-22

21. Common Reference System ........................................................................................................ 21-1

21.1 Installation of System ........................................................................................................ 21-1

21.2 Reference Management...................................................................................................... 21-1

22. Maintenance and Troubleshooting............................................................................................. 22-1

22.1 Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 22-2

22.2 Replacing Parts .................................................................................................................. 22-3

22.3 Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................. 22-5

22.4 Advanced-Level Troubleshooting....................................................................................... 22-7

22.5 Keyboard Test................................................................................................................... 22-11

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xiii

Appendix 1: Menu Overview.............................................................................................................. AP-1

Radar/chart radar menu .................................................................................................... AP-1

ECDIS menu....................................................................................................................... AP-2

Appendix 2: IHO ECDIS Chart 1 ..................................................................................................... AP-3

Appendix 3: Interpreting S57 Charts.............................................................................................. AP-11

Appendix 4: C-MAP CM-93/3 Charts .............................................................................................. AP-25

A4.1 C-MAP Cartographic Service.......................................................................................... AP-25

A4.1.1 Registration of the system at C-MAP Norway................................................... AP-25

A4.1.2 Ordering charts ................................................................................................... AP-25

A4.1.3 Applying licenses................................................................................................. AP-25

A4.1.4 Troubleshooting................................................................................................... AP-25

A4.2 Chart Subscription Service ............................................................................................. AP-26

A4.2.1 C-MAP service ..................................................................................................... AP-26

A4.2.1 What is SENC delivery? ..................................................................................... AP-26

A4.2.2 CM-ENC service (SENC delivery) ...................................................................... AP-27

A4.2.3 RENC service ...................................................................................................... AP-28

A4.2.4 CM-93/3 Prof, CM-93/3 Prof+ and CM-93/2 services......................................... AP-29

A4.3 CM93/3 Chart Display .................................................................................................... AP-30

A4.3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... AP-30

A4.3.2 Choosing CM93/3 chart material to use............................................................. AP-31

A4.3.3 Choosing charts for viewing ............................................................................... AP-31

A4.3.4 Chart catalogue of C-MAP charts....................................................................... AP-33

A4.4 S57 Managing C-MAP charts ......................................................................................... AP-34

A4.4.1 Licensing system used by the C-MAP ................................................................ AP-34

A4.4.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................... AP-34

A4.4.3 System ID for C-MAP ......................................................................................... AP-34

A4.5 CM93/3 Database ............................................................................................................ AP-35

A4.5.1 Load of CM93/3 database to ECDIS................................................................... AP-35

A4.5.2 Use of multiple databases................................................................................... AP-36

A4.6 License of CM93/3 ........................................................................................................... AP-37

A4.6.1 Add license from file............................................................................................ AP-37

A4.6.2 Add license manually .......................................................................................... AP-39

A4.6.3 Renewal of license ............................................................................................... AP-40

A4.7 How to Keep Charts up to Date...................................................................................... AP-41

A4.7.1 Creating update order file .................................................................................. AP-41

A4.7.2 Loading chart updates from the file ................................................................... AP-43

A4.7.3 Review of chart updates...................................................................................... AP-45

A4.7.4 How to view update status of CM93/3 charts .................................................... AP-47

A4.7.5 How to view update history of CM93/3 charts................................................... AP-48

A4.8 Removing CM93/3 Charts ............................................................................................... AP-49

Appendix 5: Digital Interface........................................................................................................... AP-51

Digital Interface ........................................................................................................................ AP-51

Input sentence ..................................................................................................................AP-51

Output sentences.............................................................................................................. AP-51

Data reception ..................................................................................................................AP-51

Validity and integrity of input data (mode indicator) .................................................... AP-51

Data sentences..................................................................................................................AP-52

Serial interface, radar processor unit – input ports ....................................................... AP-72

Serial interface, radar processor unit– output ports ...................................................... AP-73

Serial interface, LAN adapter - input ports.................................................................... AP-73

Serial interface, LAN adapter - output port ................................................................... AP-74

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xiv

Appendix 6: Parts Lists and Parts Location ................................................................................... AP-75

Radar.......................................................................................................................................... AP-75

Chart Processor Unit EC-1000C............................................................................................... AP-91

Specifications........................................................................................................................................................SP-1

Index .................................................................................................................................................... IN-1

Declaration of Conformity

Page 17

Foreword

Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO FCR-2xx7 Series Marine Radar/ARPA(TT). We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

For over 60 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.

This equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless installed, operated and maintained properly. Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.

Features

This radar series meets the requirements in IEC62388 (Marine navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Shipborne radar – Performance requirements, method of testing and required test results) and IMO MSC.192(79), IMO Resolution A.817(19), and IEC 61174. This radar displays radar targets, electronic charts, nav lines, Tracked Target (TT) data, AIS targets and other navigation data on a high-resolution 20.1-inch display (FCR21x7) or 23.1-inch display (FCR-28x7). Blackbox configuration also is available in the FCR-21x7 series.

The main features of this series are

• Radar, ECDIS and chart radar modes. (The chart radar mode is optional, and it does not meet the criteria for navigation aid for Japanese flag vessels as defined by Japanese law.)

• The FCR-2xx7 series consists of the following models and configurations:

Model Frequency

Band

Display Output Power Transceiver

location

FCR-2117 10 kW FCR-2127

20.1" 25 kW

FCR-2817 10 kW FCR-2827

23.1" 25 kW

FCR-2117-BB 10 kW FCR-2127-BB

Local supply

25 kW

In antenna unit

FCR-2827W

X-band

23.1" 25 kW TR unit

FCR-2137S 20.1" FCR-2837S

In antenna unit

FCR-2837SW

23.1"

TR unit

FCR-2137S-BB

S-band

Local supply

30 kW

In antenna unit

• Continuous monitoring of ship’s position through multi-sensor Kalman filter processing using GPS, DPGS, SDME

• Route planning and route monitoring facilities

• Wide variety of warning facilities contribute to safer and more efficient navigation

• Grounding warnings, safe depth contours

• Chart database loaded and updated using CD-ROMs

• Tracked Target data and AIS transponder to aid collision avoidance

• Sharing of route with ECDIS

Page 18

Foreword

xvi

Program Number

The program number appears at the right-hand side of the display.

SINGLE xx.xx xx.xx

Program no.*

*The program no. is shown as

"xx.xx xx.xx" in this manual because of regular program modification.

Device Program no. Date of Modification

Chart Processor 06.xx 09/2009

Radar Processor 0359204-03.xx 09/2009

xx=Minor modification

Signal Processing Functions

This radar has the signal processing functions described in the table below. All signal processing functions are set with the Picture feature. See section 2.22 Automatic Picture Setup According to Navigation Purpose for additional information.

Signal processing function Description Section

Interference rejector Suppress interference transmitted by other radars. Interference

received simultaneously from many radars can be difficult to reduce.

2.10

Echo stretch Enlarge target echoes, especially small echoes. Suppress

interference, sea clutter and rain clutter before using echo stretch, to prevent the enlargement of unwanted echoes.

2.17

Echo averaging The radar samples echoes with each scan. Targets that show a

large change with each scan are judged as clutter and are reduced to display only echoes from legitimate targets.

2.18

Noise rejector Suppress white noise and increase the S/N ratio to improve

picture clarity.

2.23

Longitude Error Table (on 96 nm range scale)

The longitude lines concentrate on the north pole and south pole, namely, 1 nm is equivalent to 1 minute at 0 degree latitude, 2 minutes at 60 degrees latitude, 3 minutes at 70 degrees latitude and so on. For this reason, a longitude error occurs on the radar display. For example, when own ship is at 60°N and 135°E, even if the cursor indication is 62°N and 139°E, the real cursor position is deviated to the left (west) side. The table below shows the longitude error, represented from 0° to 90° at 96 nm from the radar center (own ship).

62°N °N

60°N

135°E

°E

96 nm

Real cursor position

Cursor position indicated

139°E

LAT

Real cursor position

R: Error

Cursor position indicated

OS position

Distance error in direction of longitude due to latitude

Page 19

xvii

System Configuration

FCR-2117/2127/2817/2827/2117-BB/2127-BB

RADAR

PROCESSOR UNIT

RPU-016

: Option : Dockyard supply

: Standard

100-115 VAC/

220-230 VAC

, 50-60 Hz

Sub Display

Alarm

Transformer Unit

RU-1803

440 VAC

, 50-60 Hz

ANTENNA UNIT

Gyro Converter

GC-10

Performance Monitor PM-31

Junction Box

Category of Units Antenna Unit: Exposed to weather All other units: Protected from weather

Switching HUB

HUB-100

Radiator XN-20AF (6 ft) XN-24AF (8 ft)

Transceiver RSB-096-078 RSB-097-078 RSB-096-079 RSB-097-079

CHART

PROCESSOR UNIT

EC-1000C

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-201CE or

MU-231CE*

HUB-100

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

24 VDC

100-230 VAC

VDR or

Ext. Display

EPFS

LOG

AIS ALARM

EPFS

ALARM

B ADAPTER

ALARM

24 VDC

PC keyboard

Junction Box

100-230 VAC

24 VDC

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-020 or

RCU-015FEA

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-016

100-230 VAC

AD-100

Heading Sensor (IEC-61162-2)

Gyrocompass

* These monitors have been approved by the IMO, MU-201CE for CAT 2C and CAT 2HC, MU-231CE for CAT 1C and CAT 1HC. If a different monitor is to be used, its effective diameter must meet the applicable Category requirements: CAT 1C and CAT 1HC: effective diameter 320 mm or higher CAT 2C and CAT 2HC: effective diameter 250 mm or higher For installation, operation and viewing distance of other monitor, see its manuals.

Page 20

System Configuration

xviii

FCR-2137S/2837S/2137S-BB

RADAR

PROCESSOR UNIT

RPU-016

Gyrocompass

: Option : Dockyard supply

: Standard

AD-100

Sub Display

Alarm

Transformer Unit

RU-1803

440 VAC 1φ, 50-60 Hz

Gyro Converter

GC-10

Junction Box

Category of Units Antenna Unit: Exposed to weather All other units: Protected from weather

Switching HUB

HUB-100

CHART

PROCESSOR UNIT

EC-1000C

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-201CE or

MU-231CE*

HUB-100

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

24VDC

100-230VAC

VDR or

Ext. Display

EPFS

LOG

AIS ALARM

EPFS

ALARM

B ADAPTER

ALARM

24 VDC

PC keyboard

100-230VAC

24VDC

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-020 or

RCU-015FEA

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-016

100-230 VAC

ANTENNA UNIT

Performance Monitor PM-51

POWER SUPPLY UNIT PSU-007

220 VAC, 3φ, 60 Hz 200 VAC, 3φ, 50 Hz

110 VAC, 3φ, 60 Hz 220 VAC, 3φ, 50 Hz 440 VAC, 3φ, 50 Hz

For HSC spec 220 VAC, 3φ, 50 Hz 220 VAC, 3φ, 60 Hz 440 VAC, 3φ, 60 Hz

440 VAC, 3φ, 60 Hz 380 VAC, 3φ, 50 Hz

RU-6522

RU-5693

RU-5466-1

Heading Sensor (IEC-61162-2)

100-115 VAC/

220-230 VAC

, 50-60 Hz

RSB-098/099 RSB-100/101/102 (for HSC)

Chassis

SN30AF/ SN36AF

Radiator

Junction Box

Page 21

System Configuration

xix

FCR-2827W

RADAR

PROCESSOR UNIT

RPU-016

: Option : Dockyard supply

: Standard

100-115 VAC/

220-230 VAC

, 50-60 Hz

Sub Display

Alarm

Transformer Unit

RU-1803

440 VAC

, 50-60 Hz

Gyro Converter

GC-10

Category of Units Antenna Unit: Exposed to weather All other units: Protected from weather

Switching HUB

HUB-100

CHART

PROCESSOR UNIT

EC-1000C

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-231CE*

HUB-100

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

24 VDC

100-230 VAC

VDR or

Ext. Display

EPFS

LOG

AIS ALARM

EPFS

ALARM

B ADAPTER

ALARM

24 VDC

PC keyboard

100-230 VAC

24 VDC

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-020 or

RCU-015FEA

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-016

ANTENNA UNIT

Performance Monitor PM-31

Radiator XN-20AF (6 ft) XN-24AF (8 ft)

100-230 VAC

AD-100

Heading Sensor (IEC-61162-2)

Gyrocompass

Junction Box

Waveguide WRJ-9 or FR-9

RU-3305

Power for De-icer AC100V, 1φ, 50/60 Hz

AC100/115/220/230V 1φ, 50/60 Hz

TRANSCEIVER UNIT

RTR-081

Junction Box

Scanner RSB-103

* This monitor has been approved by the IMO, CAT 1C and CAT 1HC. If a different monitor is to be used, its effective diameter must meet the applicable Category requirements: CAT 1C and CAT 1HC: effective diameter 320 mm or higher CAT 2C and CAT 2HC: effective diameter 250 mm or higher For installation, operation and viewing distance of other monitor, see its manuals.

Page 22

System Configuration

FCR-2837SW

RADAR

PROCESSOR UNIT

RPU-016

Gyrocompass

: Option : Dockyard supply

: Standard

AD-100

Sub Display

Alarm

Transformer Unit

RU-1803

440 VAC 1φ, 50-60 Hz

Gyro Converter

GC-10

Category of Units Antenna Unit: Exposed to weather All other units: Protected from weather

Switching HUB

HUB-100

CHART

PROCESSOR UNIT

EC-1000C

DISPLAY UNIT

MU-231CE*

HUB-100

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

LAN ADAPTER

EC-1010

24VDC

100-230VAC

VDR or

Ext. Display

EPFS

LOG AIS

ALARM

EPFS

ALARM

B ADAPTER

ALARM

24 VDC

PC keyboard

100-230VAC

24VDC

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-020 or

RCU-015FEA

CONTROL UNIT

RCU-016

100-230 VAC

Heading Sensor (IEC-61162-2)

100-115 VAC/

220-230 VAC

, 50-60 Hz

SN30AF/SN36AF

TRANSCEIVER UNIT

RTR-082

AC220V, 3φ, 60Hz AC200V, 3φ, 50Hz

AC110V, 3φ, 60 Hz AC220V, 3φ,

AC440V, 3φ, 60Hz AC380V, 3φ, 50Hz

RU-6522

RU-5693

RSB104 RSB105

RU-3305

Performance Monitor PM-51

Power for De-icer AC100V, 1φ, 50/60 Hz

AC100/115/220/230V 1φ, 50/60 Hz

Coaxial Cable CX-20DF

Waveguide WRJ-3

Junction Box

50 Hz

RU-5466-1

AC 440V, 3φ, 50 Hz

Page 23

1-1

1. Operational Overview

1.1 Units of the System

1.1.1 Control units

Two types of control units are available: Control Unit RCU-020 (full keyboard) and Control Unit RCU-015 (palm control).

Control unit RCU-020

The Control Unit RCU-020 consists of a keyboard and a trackball module (trackball, scrollwheel and left and right buttons). The trackball module functions like a mouse; the user rolls the trackball and operates the left and right buttons and the scrollwheel to access functions.

ACQ

OFF

VRM

A/C SEAA/C RAIN

MODE

LINE

INDEX

OFF

CENTER

OFF

RESET

CU/TM

OFFSET

EBL

GAIN

TARGET CANCEL

TARGET

DATA

RANGE

LIST

TARGET

ENTER

MARK

TIME

VECTOR

CANCEL

TRAILS

MODE

VECTOR

BRILL

EBL

OFFF2ON

ACK

ALARM

F3 F4

STBY

Trackball

Left button Right button

Scrollwheel

Trackball module

EBL rotary control VRM rotary control

Control unit RCU-020 (full keyboard)

Key Description POWER Turns the system on/off. (This control does not switch the display on/off.) BRILL Adjusts display brilliance. (FURUNO monitor only) VRM rotary

encoder

Adjust active VRM.

VRM ON

Activates and displays VRM 1 if none is displayed or VRM2 is active. Activates and displays VRM 2 if VRM1 is active.

VRM OFF

Inactivates and erases VRM 1 if both VRMs are displayed.

Inactivates and erases VRM 2 if VRM1 is active. EBL rotary encoder Adjusts active EBL. EBL ON

Activates and displays EBL1 if none is displayed or EBL 2 is active.

Activates and displays EBL 2 if EBL1 is active. F1 – F4 User programmable macro keys. ALARM ACK Alarm acknowledgement for alerts generated by chart, navigation or steering calculation. STBY TX Toggles radar between standby and TX. GAIN Adjusts radar gain. A/C RAIN Reduces rain clutter. A/C SEA Reduces sea clutter. HL OFF Temporarily erases heading line.

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EBL OFFSET Shifts EBL point of origin/returns point of origin to screen center. MODE Selects presentation mode. OFF CENTER Locates own ship on-screen position where desired; returns own ship position to screen

center.

CU/TM RESET In the true motion mode, own ship is shifted 75% of the display radius in the stern

direction. In the course-up mode, the heading line is returned to 0°. INDEX LINE Enables/disables parallel index lines. VECTOR TIME Sets vector time (length) for Tracked Target (TT). VECTOR MODE Selects vector mode, true or relative. TARGET LIST Display TT AIS target list. CANCEL TRAILS Sets echo trail time. Also functions to cancel data input. ENTER MARK Terminate input in menu; display MARK dialog box. MENU Opens/closes main menu. RANGE Selects radar range. ACQ Acquires trackball-selected TT. TARGET DATA Displays data for trackball-selected TT and AIS. TARGET

CANCEL

Cancels tracking on trackball-selected TT and AIS.

Control unit RCU-015

The Control Unit RCU-015 has a power switch, trackball module (trackball, scrollwheel and left and right mouse buttons) and four user-programmable function keys. The trackball module functions like a mouse; the user rolls the trackball and operates the left and right buttons and the scrollwheel to access functions.

Trackball

Left button Right button

Scrollwheel

Trackball Module

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1.1.2 Chart processor unit

The chart processor unit is responsible for the loading, storing, updating and processing of electronic sea charts, with the DVD-ROM drive or floppy disk drive. The DVD-ROM and floppy disk drives are behind the lid on the front panel.

Floppy dIsk drive

DVD-ROM drive

1.2 Turning the Power On/Off

Normally, leave the power switch at the rear of the chart processor on and control power on/off with the POWER switch on a control unit. Note that the display unit is powered independently.

After power is applied, the Windows program starts up and about one minute later the bearing scale appears. The radar then goes into three minutes of warm-up time to warm the magnetron, which transmits radar pulses. The timer counts the time remaining for warm-up. When the timer has reached 0:00, the indication "ST-BY" appears at the screen center, meaning the radar is now ready to transmit pulses.

In the stand-by condition, markers, rings, map, charts, etc. are not shown. Further, neither TT nor AIS is active. If the power is reapplied after the equipment was in the ECDIS mode, Windows starts up and about two minutes

later the ECDIS display appears. Parameters set on the menus are stored in a non-volatile memory (hard disk) and are preserved when the power is

turned off.

Transmitter ON

After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up, ST-BY appears at the screen center, meaning the radar is ready to transmit radar pulses. You can transmit by pushing the STBY/TX key on the full keyboard, or use the trackball to select the TX STBY box at the bottom left corner of the display then push the left button. The label at the left-hand side of the guidance area at the bottom right corner of the screen changes from TX to STBY.

Guidance box

STBY

TX STBY

TX STBY box

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Radar display

The radar is initially set to previously used range and pulse length. Other settings such as brilliance levels, VRMs, EBLs and menu option selections are also set to previous settings.

The STBY/TX key (or TX STBY box) toggles the radar between STBY and TRANSMIT state. The antenna stops in stand-by and rotates in transmit. The magnetron ages with time resulting in a reduction of output power. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the radar be set to stand-by when not used for an extended period of time.

Picture freeze

If the picture freezes the picture is not updated. 30 seconds after the picture freezes, the buzzer sounds, the [ALARM ACK] key blinks and alarm contact signal is output. Reset the power to restore normal operation.

How to stop antenna rotation

Antenna rotation can be stopped. One method is to turn off the antenna switch on the radar. The other method is to stop rotation from the menu. For how to stop rotation from the menu, see the installation manual.

About on-screen boxes and indications

The on-screen boxes, like the TX STBY box, provide for adjustment of the item which appears on their labels. Some indications also function to provide adjustment of a specific function. When you put the cursor inside a box or on an indication, the color of the label in the box or the indication changes (example: yellow to green). This indicates that the box or indication is correctly selected. Then, you can change setting by pushing the left button.

1.3 Monitor Brilliance

The brilliance of the entire screen should be adjusted according to lighting conditions. Monitor brilliance should be adjusted before adjusting relative brilliance levels on the BRILL menu.

Note: The brilliance of a commercial monitor cannot be adjusted from the radar. See the owner’s manual of the commercial monitor for how to adjust its brilliance.

Adjusting brilliance with the keyboard-equipped control unit

Operate the BRILL control to adjust brilliance. Turn it clockwise to increase brilliance; counterclockwise to decrease brilliance. Watch the BRILL box (see illustration below) to know current brilliance level.

Adjusting brilliance with the trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the brilliance level indicator in the BRILL box at the bottom left corner of the screen.

Brilliance level

Put arrow inside box to adjust screen brilliance.

Brilliance color set no.

BRILL 1



16/16

BRILL box

2. Spin the scrollwheel downward to increase brilliance or spin it upward to decrease brilliance. The length of the brilliance bar increases or decreases with operation of the scrollwheel.

Note: If nothing appears on the screen at power-up when using Control Unit RCU-015 (palm control) or when the radar is in stand-by, push and hold down any key except the power switch for four seconds to automatically set up for medium display brilliance.

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1.4 Menu Operation

There are two main menus, radar/chart radar and ECDIS, and the one currently available depends on operating mode. You can access the main menu from the full keyboard or by using the trackball. In later sections only the procedure for operation by trackball is given. In the example below the menu operating procedure for operation on the radar/chart radar main menu is presented.

1. Do one of the following depending on the control unit you are using.

a) Control unit RCU-020: Push the MENU key to show the Main menu. b) Control unit RCU-015 (or RCU-020): Use the trackball to select the MENU box

at the right side

of the screen then push the left button to show the Main menu.

Main menu (radar/chart radar)

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2. Use the trackball to select desired menu then push the scrollwheel to open the menu selected. For example, select Picture to show the PICTURE menu.

PICTURE menu

3. Use the trackball to place the cursor on the setting of the item you wish to change. The setting changes color to indicate it is selected. (The color depends on the color arrangement in use.)

4. Spin the scrollwheel to select setting desired then push it or the left button to confirm setting.

5. Push the right button to close the menu. (Several pushes may be necessary depending on the menu used. In some cases you will click the Close window button (X) at the top right corner on the menu.)

Note: Hereafter, for sake of brevity, we state "push the scrollwheel" in cases where you can push either it or the left button.

Entering data

Alphanumeric data can be changed by selecting it with the cursor then pushing the left button. (This action also displays minimum and maximum values beside the input field.) Spin the scrollwheel to select value then push it to confirm setting. (Alphanumeric data may also be entered directly from the keyboard-equipped control unit.)

To change a specific alphanumeric character, use the trackball to place the cursor to the left of the digit or character that you want to change and spin the scrollwheel to select appropriate character.

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Changing co-ordinate polarity (available in the ECDIS mode)

By clicking co-ordinate polarity

1. Place the cursor before the co-ordinate (N, S, E, W) then push the left button.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select desired polarity then push the scrollwheel.

By choosing polarity from drop-down menu

1. Place the cursor inside the input window.

2. Push the right button to show the following menu.

3. Select Characters then push the left button. Your screen should now look something like the one below. (In case

of longitude, E and W replace N and S.)

4. Spin the scrollwheel to select appropriate polarity then push the scrollwheel. The polarity is changed and the

window is closed.

Deleting a character

A character can be deleted from a text/numeric input field as follows:

1. Place the cursor to the right of the digit you want to delete then push the right button.

2. Delete is selected; push the scrollwheel to delete the alphanumeric selected. The character is deleted and the

window is closed.

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1.5 Using the Trackball Module

The trackball module, as shown page 1-1 and 1-2, consists of the trackball, right and left mouse buttons and the scrollwheel.

1.5.1 The scrollwheel

Controlling items with the scrollwheel

Selections can be made on the screen by pointing on the screen with the cursor then scrolling various options with the scrollwheel. When you place the cursor over text or numeric, it turns green, purple or blue (depending on Palette in use) to indicate that the scrollwheel can be used to scroll options or change value. Confirm your selection by pushing the scrollwheel.

The following items can be adjusted directly on the screen.

•

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

(1) Presentation mode (2) ECDIS mode (3) Display scale

(4) Chart only switch (5) Name of display settings (Base, PartStd, Std, All, All Other)* (6) Radar selection (TT/radar video source)

Information area

Electronic chart area

Mouse function area. (Current function of left button, scrollwheel, right button)

* Base: When no options are checked on Standard page. PartStd: When some of options (not all) are checked on Standard page. Std: When all options are checked on Standard page and no options are

checked on Other1/Other 2 pages.

Other: When all options are checked on Standard page and some options

(not all) are checked on Other1/Other2 pages.

AllOther: When all options are checked on Standard page and all options are checked

on Other1/Other2 pages.

The procedure below shows you how to change the presentation mode from North Up TM to Course Up RM.

1. Place the cursor on the text at the location shown by "1." in the figure above, and the color of the text changes

from current color to green.

2. Use the scrollwheel to scroll options until Course Up RM appears. As you scroll, the color of the text changes

to magenta, blue or green depending on the Palette in use.

3. Push the scrollwheel to confirm your selection, and the color of the text becomes green. When you move the

cursor away from the text, the color of the text returns to its original color.

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1.5.2 Calling menus and functions by the mouse buttons

The buttons can be used to call menus or functions on the display. At the lower right corner of the display the guidance area displays available function or menu name, as shown in the figure below. Spin the scrollwheel to choose menu or function desired, then push the left button, scrollwheel or right button as appropriate to access the menu or function desired. Available menus and functions depend on cursor location

Guidance area

Using the functions shown in the figure above as an example, the available functions with the mouse are:

- "Menu" by pushing left button

- "Info" by pushing scrollwheel

- "Chart Menu" by pushing right button

Info Chart

Left button Right button

Scrollwheel

xx.xx xx.xx

Radar and Chart Radar modes ECDIS mode

Left button Scrollwheel Right button Left button Scrollwheel Right button Menu Info Chart Menu Menu Info Chart Menu Range- Info Range+ Range- Info Range+ TM/CU Reset Info Ship Offcenter - Info Ship Offcenter Event Info MOB Event Info MOB

- Info Cursor Menu - Info Cursor Menu Ref Mark Info - Set Chart Center Info Activate Scroll Tgt Acquire Info

Tgt Cancel /L=All

Show Value Info Nav Marks

- Info Nav Marks Chart Display Info Standard Display Chart Display Info Primary Display Symbol Display Info Symbol Display Info -

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1.6 Operation Modes

This chart radar has three modes:

1. The radar mode display looks like the traditional radar display.

2. The chart radar display combines radar with chart. (The chart radar mode is optional, and it does not meet the

criteria for navigation aid for Japanese flag vessels as defined by Japanese law.)

3. The ECIDS display shows ECDIS chart.

1.6.1 When chart radar mode can be used

There are some limitations when using the system in the "Chart radar" mode. Below are the conditions in which the "chart radar" mode may be used:

1. Used range in "chart radar" mode is between 0.125 nm and 24 nm.

• If you change from "radar" mode to "chart radar" mode when the range is 24 nm or less, the range is not

changed. And if range is more than 24 nm the system automatically selects the 24 nm range.

2. Presentation mode "course-up RM", "north-up RM" and "north-up TM" are used in "chart radar" mode.

• If you change from "radar" mode to "chart radar" mode when the presentation mode is "head-up RM", the

system automatically changes the presentation mode to "north-up TM".

1.6.2 Switching modes

At the top of the screen are the operating mode boxes, RADAR, CHART RADAR, and in the ECIDS mode, ECDIS. To switch modes place the cursor in the operating mode box then push the left button until desired mode name is displayed in the box.

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1.7 Configuring Hot Keys F1-F4

Hot keys F1-F4 are provided to call a desired function/menu when pushed. You can select desired function/menu from a predefined list. To select desired function/menu for each key, do the

following:

1. Spin the scrollwheel until Menu/Info/Chart Menu appears in the guidance area.

2. Push the left button.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Initial Settings then push the scrollwheel.

4. Place the cursor on the triangle in the menu to show the Initial Settings menu.

5. Spin the scrollwheel to select Function keys, then push the scrollwheel. The menu shown right appears.

6. Check Enable changes.

7. Place the cursor on the box for F1, F2, F3 or F4 as appropriate and spin the scrollwheel to select desired function or menu.

Enable changes

Item Content

Radar, Chart Radar mode

ALARM ACK Acknowledge alarm generated by this chart radar. CHART MENU Open chart menu. CHART DISPLAY Open chart setting dialog box. SENSORS Open sensor setting dialog box. MENU Open main menu. STD/PRIMARY DISPLAY Restore standard/primary display. SYMBOL DISPLAY Show symbol display dialog box. TM/CU RESET Return own ship to screen center in true motion and

course-up modes.

TOGGLE SHIP CENTER Toggle own ship position between screen center and

cursor location. RANGE+ Shrink chart. RANGE- Enlarge chart. INITIAL SETTINGS Show initial settings dialog box.

ECDIS mode

ALARM ACK Same as in radar, chart radar mode. CHART MENU Same as in radar, chart radar mode. CHART DISPLAY Same as in radar, chart radar mode. SENSORS Same as in radar, chart radar mode. MENU Same as in radar, chart radar mode. STD/PRIMARY DISPLAY Same as in radar, chart radar mode. SYMBOL DISPLAY Show symbol display dialog box. RADAR Same as in radar, chart radar mode. TM RESET Same as in radar, chart radar mode. SET SHIP OFFCENTER Move own ship position to cursor location. SET SHIP CENTERED Return own ship position to screen center. SCROLL Enable scrolling. SET CHART CENTER Manually set chart center. RANGE+ Same as in radar, chart radar mode. RANGE- Same as in radar, chart radar mode. INITIAL SETTINGS Same as in radar, chart radar mode.

How to activate a menu or function with a hot key

Push the function key corresponding to the menu or function you wish to activate.

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1.8 Geodetic Datum

This chart radar uses ENC material, produced to standards using WGS-84 datum. Positioning devices connected to this equipment must work in the WGS-84 datum. IMO require that a chart radar must give an alert if the datum of a positioning device is not the WGS-84. In practice this is impossible, because the standard used by positioning devices (IEC 61162, previously NMEA 0183) does not include a datum message. Consequently, the classification societies only approve a positioning device interfaced with the chart radar in which datum cannot be changed (i.e., is always WGS-84).

Note: The ability to check datum of position is a relatively new feature for position receivers. It was introduced in standard IEC 61162-1 Ed2, published July 2000. Only an EPFS (for example GPS or DGPS) which has "IEC 61162-1 Ed 2 (2000-7)" indicated in its type approval certificate can support the chart radar to detect datum mismatch.

This system allows the user to change viewed datum. This selection of the datum does not change anything inside the system for navigation calculation processes or for electronic sea chart display processes. But it changes the numerical values of positions displayed on the chart radar display into the user-chosen datum. This is very useful, especially if you like to plot positions from the chart radar on a traditional paper chart.

1.9 Turning EBL, VRM On/Off

If the EBL and VRM cannot be controlled from a control unit, use the Nav Marks dialog box. To show this box, spin the scrollwheel to show ---/Info/Nav Marks in the guidance box then push the right button.

Set 1 page

REF point: Turn on/off the reference point on the electronic chart. VRM: Turn on/off the VRM (Variable Range Marker), which is displayed around

the reference point. EBL: Turn on/off EBL (Electronic Bearing Line), which extends from the reference

point. Rings: Turn on/off the range rings, which circumscribes the reference point. The ring

interval depends on scale of displayed chart. Info: Turn on/off numerical information about VRM, EBL and reference point. This

item is not displayed in the radar or radar chart mode. REF point - Centered: Check to set center for your ship.

Set 2 page

Provides a second set of the items contained in set 1.

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1.9.1 EBL

With control unit RCU-020

There are two EBLs, No. 1 and No. 2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the edge of the screen. The long dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the short dashed one is the No. 2 EBL. Push the EBL ON key to display either of the EBLs. Successive pushes of the EBL ON key toggle the active EBL between No. 1 and No. 2. To adjust an EBL, use the EBL rotary encoder, which is above the EBL OFF and EBL ON keys. The EBLs can be turned on or off from the Nav Marks dialog box by checking or unchecking EBL on the Set 1 or Set 2 page.

Each EBL carries a range marker, or a short line crossing the EBL at right angles and its distance from the EBL origin is indicated at the VRM readout whether or not the corresponding VRM is displayed. The range marker changes its position along the EBL with the rotation of the VRM rotary encoder. The corresponding VRM must be turned off to use a range marker.

With control unit RCU-015

You have two methods available to adjust the EBL. You can directly enter a numeric value for the EBL on the Nav Marks dialog box, or you can place the cursor on an EBL, then push and hold down the left button while rotating the trackball. If you locate the cursor over the intersection of a VRM and an EBL, you can adjust them together, using the left button and trackball. (Note that this can also be done from the keyboard-equipped control unit.) The EBLs can be turned on or off from the Nav Marks dialog box by checking or unchecking "EBL" on the Set 1 or Set 2 page.

1.9.2 VRM

With control unit RCU-020

There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you can discriminate them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished from each other by different lengths of their dashes. Push the VRM ON key to display either of the VRMs. Successive pushes of the VRM ON key toggle the active VRM between No. 1 and No. 2. To adjust a VRM, use the VRM rotary encoder, which is above the VRM OFF and VRM ON keys.

With control unit RCU-015

You have two methods available to adjust the VRM. You can directly enter a numeric value for the VRM on the Nav Marks dialog box, or you can locate cursor over the VRM, then push and hold down the left button while rotating the trackball. If you locate the cursor over the intersection of a VRM and an EBL, you can adjust them together, using the left button and trackball. (Note that this can also be done from the keyboard-equipped control unit.) The VRMs can be turned on or off from the Nav Marks dialog box by checking or unchecking "VRM" on the Set 1 or Set 2 page.

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1.9.3 Shifting the reference point of EBL and VRM

The reference point, shown on the display with a cross mark (if turned on in the Nav Marks dialog box), is a userspecified location to which measurements of range and bearing are referred. To choose the location for the reference point, open the Nav Marks dialog box, check REF point, place the cursor at the location desired then push the right button.

Centered reference point with Variable Range Marker (VRM) and Electronic Bearing Line (EBL)

Reference point off centered with Variable Range Marker (VRM) and Electronic Bearing Line (EBL)

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1.10 Ship’s Position

The operator can select navigation sensors to use for navigation and view their current values on the SENSORS dialog box. For more information about navigation sensors, see Chapter 15 Navigation Sensors.

Note: Availability of sensors to select from the SENSORS dialog box is limited to the position sensors connected to the system.

1. Place the cursor on the Position field in the information area.

2. Push the right button, and the POSN page automatically appears.

SPD/CRS POSN

LORAN

Off

DGPS-1st

3. Select desired navigation sensors. Spin the scrollwheel to select Position sensors (GPS(s)) either Primary or

Secondary then push the scrollwheel.

4. If no Position sensor is selected or no valid position is available, then you can enter position manually, in the

"Deadrec" field.

5. Click the Close window button (X) to close the SENSORS dialog box.

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1.11 Customizing Operation

Several operation items may be customized to suit your needs.

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen then push the left button.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Initial Setting.

3. Push the scrollwheel.

4. Move the cursor over the small triangle in the upper left corner of the Initial Settings dialog box to show the Initial Settings menu. Spin the scrollwheel to select Operation then push the scrollwheel to open the Operation menu.

Operation menu

5. Set each item as appropriate, referring to the table below for details.

6. Push the right button to close the menu.

Operation menu items

Item No. Description Options

Key Beep Key beeps when key sequence has

been correctly executed.

Off, Low, Mid, High

Wheel Drive Select how to cycle data when

using the scrollwheel.

Normal: Cycles numeric data in ascending order and indication data in clockwise order. Reverse: Reverse of "Normal".

Alarm Level Beep when alarm is generated by

the system.

Off*, Low, Mid, High (*: radar, chart radar only)

TTG Display Select speed to use in TTG

calculation, water speed or ground speed.

Off (disable TTG feature), Ground speed, Water speed

TTG with VRM Show TTG below VRM box, in

radar and chart radar modes.

Off, VRM1, VRM2, VRM1+VRM2

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1.12 Alerts Description

When error is detected, the appropriate alert indication appears (in red or yellow) and the audio alert sounds. Silence the audio alert with the ALARM ACK key or select the ALARM ACK box then push the left button. The error indication remains on the display until the reason for the alert is removed.

Alerts description

Message no. Message Alert category Description

100 RadOv No Headline Warning No heading signal 101 RadOv No Azimuth Warning No antenna rotation signal 102 RadOv No Trigger Warning No trigger signal 103 RadOv No Video Warning No video signal

108 Watch Alarm

Warning

Watch 0:00 (Watch appears and time count freezes at 0:00).

705 Gyro Error

Warning

Gyro data is not received correctly.

708 Log Error

Warning

Log data is not received correctly.

709 Dual-Axis Log (BT) Error

Warning

Dual axis log data is not received correctly.

710 Echo Sounder Error

Warning

Echo sounder data is not received correctly.

711 Wind Sensor Error

Warning

Wind sensor data is not received correctly.

712 Position Eq Error

Warning

Position equipment data is not received correctly.

738 Datum mismatch

Warning

Position sensor outputs position another datum as set in Installation parameters.

764 LAN fail for LAN-adapter

Warning

Unexpected LAN error. Maybe LAN cable or HUB broken/disconnected.

771 LAN fail for Radar

Warning

Unexpected LAN error. Maybe LAN cable

broken/disconnected. 860 Safety Contour Alarm Depth is less than the safety contour. 874 Anchor Watch Warning Ship has drifted more than a threshold value.

Refer to section 4.15 TT Alerts for TT alerts, section 5.17 AIS Alerts for AIS alerts.

Outputting alarm signal

Four ports are provided from which to output alarm signals to external equipment. Select the port and alarm signals to contact output. For more information, see the installation manual.

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1.13 Charts

S57 ENC ed. 3 vector charts or CM-93 vector charts may be used.

Chart loading and updating

Charts can be loaded and updated when the chart radar mode is in use. For more information about how to load and update charts, see Chapter 7 Vector Chart Material.

1.14 Route Monitor

A route created by ECDIS can be overlaid on the radar and chart radar pictures. There are two ways to display the route in this modes:

- Stand-alone mode: Use ECDIS mode-created route

- Route share mode: Use ECDIS route received via an ECDIS unit connected to the network

Stand-alone mode

1. Use the trackball to select the Route selection box at the upper part of the display. Route: Not selected (Route selection box)

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select desired route for monitoring. Route planning must be done in the ECDIS mode.

For more information about route planning and monitoring, see Chapter 10 Route Planning and Chapter 11 Route

Monitoring.

Route share mode

Route cannot be created in this mode. Further, route to monitor cannot be selected. ECDIS mode created route is displayed however it cannot be selected for monitoring. On an ECDIS unit connected to the network, open the route from Plan Route. Select Exchange with monitored from the menu, or open the route directly with Monitor route. Then, the route is displayed on the ECDIS screen as well as radar and chart radar.

Note: To receive route information from an ECDIS unit in the network, that ECDIS must be set up to transfer route

information. For further details, contact your dealer.

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1.15 Switching Hub HUB-100

The HUB-100 provides switching for a radar processor and chart processor unit, using an Ethernet interface (100BASE-TX/10BASE-T). LEDs display link/activity, mode (full-duplex or half-duplex) and collision statuses. No operation is required of the user. Simply turn on the HUB-100’s AC power source to power it.

LED display

The LEDs on the top of the unit light, flash or go off according to equipment state. When the equipment is powered all LEDs light and go off.

Switching Hub HUB-100 LED status and meaning

LED Status Meaning

Power Lit

Off

Equipment powered Equipment off

Link/Act Lit

Off Flashing

Connection with terminal normal Connection with terminal disconnected Data TX or RX

FDx/Col Lit

Off Flashing

Full-duplex Half-duplex Collision

100M Lit

Off

100 Mbps connection 10 Mbps connection

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Page 43

2. Radar Operation

2-1

2. Radar Operation

2.1 Radar Display

2.1.1 Radar mode

Picture Box PULSELENGTH Box ANTENNA Box PRESENTATION Mode RANGE Box

TX/STBY Box

No. 1 EBL

HL OFF Box PI (Index Line) Box

-PI orientation

-PI interval

No. 2 VRM

Guidance area (Current button, scrollwheel function)

Cursor Position, TTG and R/B to Cursor

GAIN setting A/C SEA setting A/C RAIN setting TUNING setting

Position Datum Source of Position*

Heading Speed Transversal speed Course over ground Speed over ground

Cursor Data Box

000

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

North Mark

Stern Mark

10 APR 2009 10:28 LOCAL (UTC + 03:00)

Gain

Sea MAN Rain MAN

Tune AUTO

0 0 0

TGT LIST



AZ1 AZ2

True Trail

01:00



TM Res

ALM ACK

Radar

NM / 0.5



Head Up RM

CHART RA X-BAND PULSE M1

PICTURE 1



IR 2 ES 2 EAV OFF AUTO RAIN 3

BRILL 1



HL OFF

TX STB

EBL1

241.0° T

EBL2

> 280.5° T<



PI 1

0.00

000.0

Heading Line

No. 2 EBL

No. 1 EBL

No.1 VRM

No. 2 VRM

59°54.097'N

024

59.582'E

WGS84 DGPS

Range - Info Range +

HDG 046.0° SPD (CALC) 17.3 kn SB (POSN) 0.8 kn COG (POSN) 048.7° SOG (POSN) 17.4 kn

Route: HELSINKI Plan Speed 30.0 kn Plan 202.9° Route 217.9° CH LIM 195 m Off track < 0.9 NM Outside channel

To WPT Dist WOP NM Time Next WP Next Tur n rad NM Turn rate °/min

BRILL, COLOR Box

TRIAL MANEUVER Box

No. 1 VRM w/TTG data

No. 2 EBL

MODE Box

Acquistion Zone

*1 To adjust, put arrow on setting and left-click. IR: Interference Rejector ES: Echo Stretch EAV: Echo Averaging AUTO RAIN: Auto rain clutter reduction

Target List Box

Acquisition zone setting T arget Trail setting True motion reset

Alarm acknowledge

Drop Mark

DROP1

90.7°T 0.742NM

DROP2

Drop Mark data

0. 0knDRIFT

000. 0°TSET

34°40. 649 N

135°18. 303 E

TTG 312.3°R 00:11 1.864

TRIAL OFF

VRM1

>3.682NM<

VRM2

5.221NM

00:00

UserChart Notes

59°52.031'N

135

45.365'E

5.476 NM 91.5

TT > AIS

AUTO MAN

DISP ALL

T VECT(G) 5 min Predictor 30 se PASTPOSN T 12min CPA 10.0NM 30min CPA AUTO act FILT Lost TGT alarm FILT SINGLE xx.xx xx.xx

Cursor

WATCH Box

Set Box, DRIFT Box

12/16

WPT Data Box

User Chart, Notes Box

Date, Time Box

Route Data Box

Heading Marker

System Status (Sector rotates if system is normal.)

Watch 11:28

T NM

REF point CCRP

REF point

Alert Box

MENU Box

Symb DISP

Symb DISP Box

Viewing distance

The optimal viewing distances for the radar display units are as follows:

- MU-201CE: 1080 mm

- MU-231CE: 1200 mm

Page 44

2. Radar Operation

2-2

2.1.2 Chart radar mode

000

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

10 APR 2009 10:28 LOCAL (UTC + 03:00)

Gain Sea MAN Rain MAN

Tune AUTO

0 0 0

Chart

DISP

TGT

LIST



AZ1 AZ2

True Trail

01:00



TM Res

ALM ACK

Chart Radar

NM / 0.5



Course Up RM

CHART RA X-BAND PULSE M1 PICTURE 1



IR 2 ES 2 EAV OFF AUTO RAIN 3

BRILL 1



HL OFF

TX STB

EBL1

241.0° T

EBL2

> 280.5° T<



PI 1

0.00

000.0

59°54.097'N

024

59.582'E

WGS84 DGPS

Range - Info Range +

HDG 046.0° SPD (CALC) 17.3 kn SB (POSN) 0.8 kn COG (POSN) 048.7° SOG (POSN) 17.4 kn

Route: HELSINKI Plan Speed 30.0 kn Plan 202.9° Route 217.9° CH LIM 195 m Off track < 0.9 NM Outside channel

To WPT Dist WOP NM Time Next WP Next Tur n rad NM Turn rate °/min

MODE Box (see section 1.6)

Chart Priority box (see section 2.36.1)

DROP1

91.7 °T 0.765NM

DROP2

Chart

Status

Coast Line Only

0. 0knDRIFT

000. 0°TSET

34°40. 649 N

135°18. 303 E

TTG 312.3°R 00:11 1.864

TRIAL OFF

Coast Line Only box (see section 2.36.2)

VRM1

>3.682NM<

VRM2

5.221NM

00:00

UserChart Notes

59°52.031'N

135

45.365'E

5.476 NM 91.5

TT > AIS

AUTO MAN

DISP ALL

T VECT(G) 5 min Predictor 30 se PASTPOSN T 12min CPA 10.0NM 30min CPA AUTO act FILT Lost TGT alarm FILT SINGLE xx.xx xx.xx

Chart DISP Box (see section 2.34)

12/16

Chart Status Box (see section 2.37)

Watch 11:28

°T NM

REF point CCRP

Symb DISP

Symb DISP Box (see section 7.9.5)

DspBase

Chart database information (see section 2.35)

Chart Priority

Page 45

2. Radar Operation

2-3

[Echo]

Go Back

2nd Echo Rej PM SART Tune Initialize

2.2 Tuning the Receiver

2.2.1 Choosing the tuning method

The tuning method can be selected with the TUNE box at the top of the screen.

1. Use the trackball to select the TUNE box (Tune MAN or Tune AUTO) at the top of the screen.

For manual tuning, put arrow inside box to adjust tuning.

Tune AUTO

Tuning method (AUTO or MAN)

TUNE box

2. Push the left button or spin the scrollwheel to display TUNE AUTO or TUNE MAN as appropriate.

3. Push the scrollwheel.

2.2.2 Initializing tuning

Automatic tuning is initialized during the installation. However, if you feel that automatic tuning is not working properly try re-initializing it as follows:

1. Right-click the MENU box.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Echo then push the scrollwheel.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Tune Initialize.

4. Push the scrollwheel, or push the ENTER MARK key on the control unit

w/keyboard. Initialization begins.

2.2.3 Automatic tuning

Select automatic tuning following section 2.2.1 Choosing the tuning method. The TUNE box shows TUNE AUTO.

2.2.4 Manual tuning

1. Use the trackball to select the RANGE box at top left corner then push the left or right button as appropriate to select the 48-mile range. Push the left button to lower the range; the right button to raise the range.

2. Select manual tuning following the procedure in section 2.2.1 Choosing the tuning method.

3. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the tuning bar area in the TUNE box.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to adjust tuning. The best tuning point is where the bar swings maximum. The triangle below the bar graph shows tuning control position; not the tuning condition.

Page 46

2. Radar Operation

2-4

2.3 Heading with Gyrocompass

With connection of a gyrocompass, ship's heading is displayed at the right side of the screen. If the GYRO readout looks wrong or the gyro alarm sounds, follow the procedure below to set heading. For more information, see Chapter 15 Navigation Sensors. Note that the FURUNO SC-60/120 does not require adjustment on the radar.

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the HDG value at the top right corner of the screen.

2. Push the right button to open the SENSORS dialog box. Use the arrow buttons to select the SPD/CRS dialog box.

SENSORS dialog box, Spd/Crs tab selected

3. Roll the trackball downward to select Gyro 1or Rate gyro as applicable then push the scrollwheel to place check mark in box. Initial setting of gyro1 is not necessary if it outputs serial data. However, if it is of synchro or stepper type, you will need to set initial gyro value. For how to adjust the gyro value, see the installation manual.

4. Click the Close window button (X) to close the SENSORS dialog box.

Page 47

2. Radar Operation

2-5

2.4 Presentation Modes

2.4.1 Presentation modes

This radar has the following presentation modes in the radar mode:

Relative Motion (RM)

Head-up: Unstabilized Head-up TB: Head-up with compass-stabilized bearing scale (True Bearing) where the bearing scale rotates with the

compass reading. Course-up: Compass-stabilized relative to ship’s orientation at the time of selecting course-up. North-up: Compass-stabilized with reference to North.

True Motion (TM)

North-up: Ground or sea stabilized with compass and speed inputs.

Choosing presentation mode by keyboard

Push the MODE key consecutively to select radar presentation mode desired. The PRESENTATION MODE box shows the current presentation mode.

Choosing presentation mode by trackball

1. Use the trackball to select the PRESENTATION MODE box at the top left corner of the screen.

2. Push the left button to select mode desired.

Loss of gyrocompass signal

When the compass signal is lost, alert "705: Gyro error" or "706: Gyro error" appears. After timeout, the alert "402: No heading available" appears, the presentation mode automatically becomes head-up, and all TT and AIS targets are erased. Check the gyro and select the presentation mode with the MODE key or the PRESENTATION MODE box.

Page 48

2. Radar Operation

2-6

2.4.2 Description of presentation modes

Head-up mode

The head-up mode is a display in which the line connecting own ship and the top of the display indicates own ship’s heading.

The target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship’s heading. The short line on the bearing scale is the north marker, which indicates heading sensor north. A failure of the

heading sensor input will cause the heading readout to disappear, and the message "No heading available" or "Gyro error" (message in red) appears at the lower right corner of the screen.

Heading Line

North Marker

When the display is off centered the heading line appears at 0 degree.

Head-up mode

Course-up mode

The course-up mode is an azimuth stabilized display in which a line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship’s intended course (namely, own ship’s previous heading just before this mode has been selected).

Target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to the intended course, which is maintained at the 0-degree position. The heading line moves in accordance with ship’s yawing and course change. This mode is useful for avoiding smearing of picture during course change.

Course-up mode

Head-up TB (True Bearing) mode

Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the head-up mode. The difference from normal head-up presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing scale is heading sensor stabilized. That is, it rotates in accordance with the heading sensor signal, enabling you to know own ship’s heading at a glance.

This mode is available when the radar is interfaced with a gyro heading sensor. If the gyro heading sensor fails, the bearing scale returns to the state of head-up mode.

Page 49

2. Radar Operation

2-7

North-up mode

The north-up mode paints target pips at their measured distances and in their true (heading sensor) directions from own ship, north bearing maintained at the top of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to the ship’s heading. Requires heading signal.

If the compass fails, the presentation mode changes to head-up and the north marker disappears. A failure of the heading sensor input will cause the heading readout to disappear, and the message "No heading available" or "Gyro error" (message in red) appears at the lower right corner of the screen.

Heading Line

North Marker

North-up mode

True motion mode

Own ship and other moving objects move in accordance with their true courses and speed. In ground stabilized TM, all fixed targets, such as landmasses, appear as stationary echoes. In the sea stabilized TM without set and drift inputs, the landmass can move on the screen. Note that true motion is not available on the 96 nm range scale. If COG and SOG (both over the ground) are not available on TM mode, enter the set (tide direction) and drift (tide speed) manually referring to the Tide Table.

If the position of the CCRP results in a part of the bearing scale not being distinguishable, that part of the bearing scale is indicated with appropriate reduced detail.

Heading Line

North Marker

A failure of the heading sensor input will cause the heading readout to disappear, and the message "No heading available" or "Gyro error" (message in red) appears at the lower right corner of the screen.

Page 50

2. Radar Operation

2-8

When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 75% of the radius of the display, own ship position is automatically reset to a point of 75% radius opposite to the extension of the heading line passing through the display center. You can also reset the own ship symbol manually by pushing the CU/TM RESET key, or use the trackball to select the TM Res box at the bottom right corner of the display then push the left button.

Heading line

North marker

(a) True motion is selected

(b) Own ship has reached a point 75% of display radius

Page 51

2. Radar Operation

2-9

2.5 Entering Own Ship's Speed

The Target Tracking (TT) and azimuth stabilized presentation modes require own ship speed input and compass signal. The speed can be entered from a log (STW) or GPS (SOG), or manually from the menu. Note that FURUNO GPS Navigator GP-90 provides COG and SOG.

For more information about positioning and Kalman filter operation, see Chapter 15 Navigation Sensors.

2.5.1 Speed selection for SPD and SB (TT, AIS and trails)

System speed which is in use for TT, AIS and trails appears at the upper right corner in fields "SPD" and "SB." These values are used for:

- Calculation of target CPA/TCPA

- Target past position

- Target trail

Note 1: SPD: Longitudinal speed, SB: Transversal speed, positive value to starboard Note 2: When the AIS feature is active, MANUAL and REF are not available for selection.

To select system speed "SPD" and "SB", do following:

1. Place the cursor on the SPD or SB field in the information area then push the left button to show the following dialog box..

2. Put cursor on Speed source (LOG(BT) in this case) and use scrollwheel to select appropriate source.

2.5.2 Speed selection for COG and SOG (navigation)

System speed which is in use for navigation appears at "COG" and "SOG." These values are used for:

- TTG calculation

- Route Monitoring for ETA calculation

- Kalman filter for position calculation

- Dead reckoning for position calculation

Note 1: Availability of sensors for selection from the SENSORS dialog box depends on the devices interfaced with this system.

Note 2: When the AIS feature is active, MANUAL and REF are not available for selection. The operator can select the navigation sensors to use for navigation and view their current values on the SENSORS

dialog box. For more information about source of speed used by system, see Chapter 15 Navigation Sensors..

1. Place the cursor on the COG or SOG field in the information area.

Page 52

2. Radar Operation

2-10

2. Push the right button.

SPD/CRS POSN

LORAN

Off

DGPS-1st

Ref tgt

kn kn

(CALC)

SPD/CRS

POSN

3. Select desired navigation sensors. Use the trackball to select Position sensors (GPS(s) either Primary or Secondary then push the scrollwheel.

4. Open the SPD/CRS page, spin the scrollwheel to select the appropriate log then push the left button. Select among LOG or Dual log (water): Log, speed thru water (STW) Dual log (bottom), speed over ground (SOG). Note that a log cannot produce BT (Bottom Tracking) speed in deep waters without set and drift entry.

5. Click the Close window button (X) to close the SENSORS dialog box.

Notes on speed input

• IMO Resolution A.823(19) for TT recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with a TT should be capable of providing through-the-water speed (forward speed).

• If a log is used as the water speed source, "(no pulse)" is used to indicate that a log device with closed contact relay interface using 200 pulses/nm is not outputting pulses and thus the speed might be wrong. If Log is selected and "no pulse" condition is detected, then the system generates the alert "405 Log data unreliable".

• A single-axis water log cannot measure speed when the wind is coming from the leeway direction.

Page 53

2. Radar Operation

2-11

2.5.3 Manual speed input

If no automatic speed input is selected or working, enter speed manually as below. In this case the speed data type is shown as (man).

Manual speed can be set on the SPD/CRS page of SENSORS dialog box.

1. Place the cursor on the Position field in the information area.

2. Push the right button to open the SPD/CRS page.

Ref tgt

kn kn

(CALC)

SPD/CRS

POSN

3. Use the trackball to select Manual speed, and spin the scrollwheel to enter desired speed.

4. Click the Close window button (X) to close the SENSORS dialog box. Note: The maximum manual speed value that can be entered is set with MAX Speed in the Ship parameters window

in the Ship and Route Parameters dialog box. For details, see section 19.1.3 Navigation parameters setting.

Page 54

2. Radar Operation

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2.6 Choosing the Range Scale

The selected range scale, range ring interval and pulse length are shown at the upper left corner on the screen. When a target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears in 50-90% of the display radius.

From the control unit w/keyboard

Use the RANGE key to select range desired. Hit the "+" part of the key to raise the range; the "-" part to lower the range.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to select the RANGE box at the top left corner of the screen. The guidance area shows

"RANGE - / OK / RANGE +".

2. Push the left button to lower the range; the right button to raise the range. You can also select the range by spinning the scrollwheel then pushing it.

2.7 Adjusting the Sensitivity

The gain control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver. The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.

Adjust the gain so background noise is just visible on the screen.

From the control unit w/keyboard

While monitoring the radar image, operate the GAIN control to adjust the sensitivity.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the gain level indicator at the top of the screen.

Gain level

Put arrow inside box to adjust gain.

Gain

2. Spin the scrollwheel downward to increase the gain or upward to decrease it. 100 levels (0-100) are available.

2.8 Suppressing Sea Clutter

Echoes from waves cover the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter. The higher the waves, and the higher the antenna above the water, the further the clutter will extend. When sea clutter masks the picture, suppress it with the A/C SEA control, either manually or automatically.

When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced, the sensitivity is decreased more than when only one is adjusted. For that reason adjust them carefully.

The echo average is useful for reducing reflections from the sea surface. However, high-speed targets are harder to detect than stationary ones when the echo average is active.

Page 55

2. Radar Operation

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2.8.1 Automatic adjustment by the A/C SEA control

Auto A/C SEA allows for fine tuning of the A/C SEA circuit, within ±20 dB. Accordingly, with the bar reading set to 100, gain is not lowered to minimum as with manual A/C SEA on close-in ranges. Further, the auto A/C SEA level is low because the average value of the original input echo is low in areas where there are no sea surface reflections. For example, when the ship is alongside a quay and the radar picture shows echoes from both land and sea, you can observe the size of echoes because the STC curve is different depending size of echoes.

Note: The auto A/C function can erase weak target echoes. Adjust the control carefully, watching the display.

1. Use the trackball to select SEA MAN (whichever is shown) at the top of the display.

2. Push the left button to display Sea AUTO.

A/C SEA level

Put arrow inside box to adjust A/C SEA.

Sea AUTO

From the control unit w/keyboard

While observing the radar image, adjust the sea clutter with the A/C SEA control. 100 levels are available.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the A/C SEA level indicator at the top of the display.

2. While observing the radar image, spin the scrollwheel downward to increase the A/C SEA or upward to

decrease it. 100 levels (0-100) are available.

2.8.2 Manual adjustment of A/C SEA

The A/C SEA control reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.

The proper setting of the A/C SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. If the setting is set too low, targets will be hidden in the clutter, while if the setting is too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward.

Be careful not to remove all sea clutter, because you may erase weak echoes. Further, the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both A/C SEA and A/C RAIN to reduce clutter.

From the control unit w/keyboard

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the Sea AUTO box.

2. Push the left button to show Sea MAN.

3. Watching the radar image, adjust the A/C SEA with the A/C SEA control. 100 levels (0-100) are available.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the Sea AUTO box.

2. Push the left button to show Sea MAN.

3. Put the cursor on the A/C SEA level indicator.

4. While observing the radar image, spin the scrollwheel downward to increase the A/C SEA or upward to

decrease it. 100 levels (0-100) are available.

Page 56

2. Radar Operation

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2.9 Suppressing Rain Clutter

Use the AUTO RAIN and A/C RAIN to suppress rain clutter. AUTO RAIN suppresses rain clutter in the picture and A/C RAIN suppresses clutter picked up by the antenna.

When both sea clutter and rain clutter are reduced the sensitivity is decreased more than when only one is adjusted. For that reason adjust them carefully.

The echo average is useful for reducing reflections from the sea surface. However, high-speed targets are harder to detect than stationary ones when the echo average is active.

Be careful not to remove all rain clutter, because you can erase weak echoes. Further, the possibility of losing weak echoes is greater when you use both A/C RAIN and A/C SEA to reduce clutter.

2.9.1 Turning AUTO RAIN on or off

1. Use the trackball to select the AUTO RAIN indication at the left side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to select the auto rain level desired. The indication changes in the sequence of OFF, 1, 2, 3

and 4. The higher the value the greater the suppression.



AUTO RAIN

2.9.2 Adjusting A/C RAIN

The vertical beam width of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow, or hail) in the same manner as normal targets.

The A/C RAIN control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the A/C SEA control does but rather in a longer time period (longer range). The higher the setting the greater the anti-clutter effect. When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN control to split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier.

From the control unit w/keyboard

Adjust the A/C RAIN with the A/C RAIN control.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the cursor on the A/C RAIN level indicator at the top right side of the display.

A/C RAIN level

Put arrow inside box to adjust A/C RAIN.

Rain MAN

A/C RAIN level indicator

2. While observing the radar image, spin the scrollwheel downward to increase the A/C RAIN or upward to decrease it. 100 levels (0-100) are available.

Page 57

2. Radar Operation

2-15

Note: The detection range is reduced when the A/C RAIN is used to show targets in rain. Generally, the amount of

rain, TX pulse length and TX frequency are factors in determining how the detection range is affected. The figures shown below illustrate this occurrence.

16 mm/h rain - short pulse 4 mm/h rain - short pulse 16 mm/h rain - long pulse 4 mm/h rain - long pulse

Reduction of rain to first detection due to rain at S-band

Reduction of rain to first detection due to rain at X-band

The author thanks the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) for permission to reproduce Information from its International Standard IEC 62388 ed.1.0 (2007). All such extracts are copyright of IEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved. Further information on the IEC is available from www.iec.ch. IEC has no responsibility for the placement and context in which the extracts and contents are reproduced by the author, nor is IEC in any way responsible for the other content or accuracy therein.

Reduction of Range of First Detection (NM)

Original Range of First Detection (NM)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Original Range of First Detection (NM)

Reduction of Range of First Detection (NM)

16 mm/h rain - short pulse 4 mm/h rain - short pulse 16 mm/h rain - long pulse 4 mm/h rain - long pulse

4 mm/h rain (short pulse) 16 mm/h rain (short pulse)

16 mm/h rain (long pulse)

4 mm/h rain (short pulse)

4 mm/h rain (short pulse) 4 mm/h rain (long pulse)

16 mm/h rain (short pulse)

16 mm/h rain (long pulse)

Page 58

2. Radar Operation

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2.10 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band as own radar. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the picture. Activating the interference rejector circuit can reduce this type of interference.

The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received signals over successive transmissions and suppresses randomly occurring signals. There are three levels of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that are correlated.

1. Use the trackball to select the IR indication at the left side of the

screen.

2. Push the left button to select the interference rejection level desired.

The indication changes in the sequence of OFF, 1, 2, and 3. The higher the value the greater the rejection.

2.11 Measuring the Range

The range to a target may be measured three ways: with the fixed range rings, with the cursor, or with the VRM. Use the fixed range rings to obtain a rough estimate of the range to a target. They are the concentric solid circles

about own ship, or the sweep origin. The number of rings is automatically determined by the selected range scale and their interval is displayed at the upper-left position of the screen. Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring.

2.11.1 Turning range rings on/off

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to display the Main menu.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Mark then push the scrollwheel.

4. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the setting of Range Rings.

5. Spin the scrollwheel to select OFF or ON as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

6. Click the Close window button (X) to close the Mark menu.

Interference

ejector

Page 59

2. Radar Operation

2-17

2.11.2 Measuring range by the variable range marker (VRM)

Measuring range with VRMs

From the control unit w/keyboard

1. Push the VRM ON key to display either of the VRMs. Successively pushing the VRM ON key toggles the

active VRM between No. 1 and No. 2. The currently active marker is enclosed with >.....<.

2. Operate the VRM rotary control to align the active variable range marker with the inner edge of the target of

interest and read its distance at the lower-right corner of the screen. Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE key or the RANGE box. This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the selected range scale.

3. Push the VRM OFF key to erase each VRM.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the VRM1 or VRM2 box, whichever VRM you want to use.

VRM boxes

2. The guidance area reads "VRM on/." Push the left button to turn on the VRM. The guidance area now reads "/L

= DELETE /."

3. Put the cursor on the VRM1 or VRM2 box, and spin the scrollwheel to align the marker with the inner edge of

the target. Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE key. This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the selected range scale.

4. To erase a VRM, select the appropriate VRM box then push the left button until the VRM disappears from the

screen.

Showing the TTG-to-VRM indication

You can show the TTG to VRM location(s) as follows:

1. Open the main menu followed by the Initial Settings menu.

2. Put the cursor on the triangle in the menu to show the Operation menu.

3. Select TTG with VRM.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to select one of the following:

OFF: NO VRM TTG display VRM1: Show TTG data on VRM1 indication VRM2: Show TTG data on VRM2 indication VRM1+VRM2: Show TTG data on both VRM1 and VRM2 indications.

5. Press the MENU key several times to close the menu.

VRM1

>3.682NM

00:00

TTG-to-VRM indication

Page 60

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2.12 Measuring the Bearing

Use the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) to take bearings of targets. There are two EBLs, No. 1 and No. 2. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the circumference of the radar picture. The fine dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the coarse dashed one is the No. 2 EBL.

2.12.1 Measuring the bearing

From the control unit w/keyboard

1. Push the EBL ON key to display either of the EBLs. Successive presses of the EBL ON key toggle the active

EBL between No. 1 and No. 2. The currently active marker is enclosed with >.....<.

2. Operate the EBL rotary control clockwise or counterclockwise until the active EBL bisects the target of interest,

and read its bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.

Note: Each EBL carries a range marker, or a short line crossing the EBL at right angles and its distance from the EBL origin is indicated at the VRM readout whether or not the corresponding VRM is displayed. The range marker changes its position along the EBL with the rotation of the VRM control.

3. Push the EBL OFF key to erase each EBL.

By trackball

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow in the EBL1 or EBL2 box,

whichever EBL you want to use.

EBL boxes

2. Spin the scrollwheel to bisect the target with the EBL.

3. To erase an EBL, select the appropriate EBL box then push the left

button until the EBL disappears from the screen.

2.12.2 Choosing true or relative bearing

The EBL readout is affixed by "R" (relative) if it is relative to own ship's heading, "T" (true) if it is referenced to the north.

To select bearing reference in the head-up mode, do the following:

1. Use the trackball to select the Menu box at the right side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to display the Main menu.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Mark then push the scrollwheel.

4. Use the trackball to put the arrow on the setting of the EBL cursor bearing.

5. Spin the scrollwheel to select True or REL then push the scrollwheel.

6. Click the Close window button (X) to close the Mark menu.

Note: When the gyrocompass heading changes, the EBL and its indication change as follows: Head-up, relative: EBL indication and EBL remain unchanged. Head-up, true: EBL indication remains the same; EBL moves. Course-up, true: EBL indication and EBL remain unchanged. Course-up, relative: EBL indication remains the same, EBL moves. North-up, relative: EBL indication remains the same, EBL moves. North-up, true: EBL indication and EBL remain unchanged.

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2.13 Pulse Length

The pulse length in use is displayed at the upper-left position of the screen using the indications shown in the table below.

Label and pulse length

Indication Pulse length (µs)

S1 (Short pulse 1) 0.07 S2 (Short pulse 2) 0.15 M1 (Medium pulse 1) 0.3 M2 (Medium pulse 2) 0.5 M3 (Medium pulse 3) 0.7 L (Long pulse) 1.2

Appropriate pulse lengths are preset to individual range scales and function keys. If you are not satisfied with the current pulse length settings, you can change them as shown below.

2.13.1 Choosing pulse length

You can select the pulse length for the 0.5 to 24 nm range scales as below.

1. Use the trackball to select the PICTURE box at the left side of the screen.

2. Push the right button to show the PICTURE menu.

3. From the Pulse window, select the option of the range for which you want to adjust pulse length, spin the

scrollwheel to choose setting then push the scrollwheel.

4. Click the Close window button (X) to finish.

2.13.2 Changing pulse length

1. Use the trackball to select the PULSE box at the left side of the screen.

XX=Pulse length setting

PULSE XX

2. Push the left button to shorten the pulse length or the right button to widen the pulse length. You can also select

the pulse length by spinning it pushing it to confirm selection.

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2.14 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL

The origin of the EBL can be placed anywhere with the trackball to enable measurement of range and bearing between any targets. This function is also useful for assessment of the potential risk of collision. It is possible to read CPA (Closest Point of Approach) by using a VRM as shown below in Figure (a). If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as illustrated in Figure (b), the target ship is on a collision course.

2.14.1 Assessing risk of collision by the offset EBL

From the control unit w/keyboard

1. Press the EBL ON key to display or activate an EBL (No. 1 or No. 2).

2. Place the cursor (+) on a target appearing as threatening (A in the figure below) by operating the trackball.

3. Push the EBL OFFSET key, and the origin of the active EBL shifts to the cursor position. Push the EBL

OFFSET key again to anchor the EBL origin.

4. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL rotary control until the EBL bisects the

target at the new position (A'). The EBL readout shows the target ship's course, which may be true or relative depending on the EBL bearing reference setting. Note: If relative motion is selected, it is also possible to read CPA by using a VRM as shown in left-hand figure below. If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as illustrated in the right-hand figure below, the target ship is on a collision course.

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship's position, push the EBL OFFSET key twice.

By trackball

1. Display an EBL, following steps 1-3 in "By trackball"in section 2.12.1.

2. With the cursor inside the effective display area, spin the scrollwheel to show "Nav Marks" in the guidance area

then push the right button.

3. Use the trackball to place the offset EBL on a target appearing as threatening (A in the figure below), spin the

scrollwheel to show Offcenter REF pt then push the right button to anchor the EBL origin.

4. After waiting a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL used in step 1 until it bisects the target at the

new position (A'). The EBL readout shows the target ship's course, which may be true or relative depending on the EBL bearing reference setting.

To deactivate the offset EBL and restore normal EBL operation, spin the scrollwheel to show the Nav Marks menu and check "Centered REF Pt".

Collision assessment by offset EBL

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2.14.2 Choosing point of reference for origin point of offset EBL

The origin point of the offset EBL can be ground stabilized (geographically fixed), north stabilized (true) or referenced to own ship’s heading (relative).

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to display the Main menu.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Mark then push the scrollwheel.

4. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the setting of EBL Offset: STAB.

5. Spin the scrollwheel to select GND, N or HDG as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

6. Click the Close window button (X) to close the Mark menu.

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2.15 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets

From the control unit w/keyboard

1. Operate the trackball to place the origin of the No. 1 EBL, for example, on a target of interest (target 1 in the

illustrated example).

2. Press the EBL OFFSET key.

3. Operate the EBL rotary control until the EBL passes through another target of interest (target 2).

4. Operate the VRM rotary control until the range marker on the EBL is on the inside edge of target 2. The active

VRM readout at the lower-right corner of the screen indicates the distance between the two targets. You can repeat the same procedure on third and fourth targets by using the No. 2 EBL and the No. 2 VRM. Bearing is shown relative to own ship with suffix "R" or as a true bearing with suffix "T". To return the EBL origin

to the screen center, push the EBL OFFSET key again.

By trackball

1. Display an EBL, following steps 1-3 in "By trackball"in section 2.12.1.

2. Use the trackball to place the cursor on target 1, use the scrollwheel to show Offcenter REF pt in the guidance

box then push the scrollwheel.

3. Put the cursor in the EBL box, spin the scrollwheel, and put the cursor on target 2.

4. Operate the No. 1 VRM until the range marker on the EBL aligns with target 2. The active VRM readout at the

lower-right corner of the screen indicates the distance between the two targets. You can repeat the same procedure on third and fourth targets by using the No. 2 EBL and the No. 2 VRM.

Measuring range and bearing between two targets

To return the EBL origin to the screen center, use the scrollwheel to show Centered Ref. Pt in the guidance area then push the right button.

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2.16 Off-Centering the Display

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit. This feature is not available on ranges higher than 72 nm or in the true motion mode.

Note 1: If the position of the CCRP results in a part of the bearing scale not being distinguishable, that part of the bearing scale is indicated with appropriate reduced detail.

Note 2: When the reference point is set for "conning position (CCRP) and the position of the antenna is more than 75% of the effective radius, offcenter is not cancelled on short ranges.

To off-center the radar picture, do the following:

From the control unit w/keyboard

1. Use the trackball to place the cursor at a position where you wish to move the sweep origin.

2. Push the OFF CENTER key. The sweep origin is off- centered to the cursor position.

3. To cancel off-centering, push the OFF CENTER key again.

By trackball

1. With the cursor inside the effective display area, spin the scrollwheel to display "TM Reset/Info/Ship Offcenter" in the guidance area then push the scrollwheel or the right button.

2. Use the trackball to place the cursor where you want to locate the screen center.

3. Push the right button to off center the sweep origin.

4. To cancel the off-center function, show "TM Reset/Info/Ship Offcenter" in the guidance area then push the right button.

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2.17 Echo Stretch

The echo stretch feature enlarges targets in the range and bearing directions to make them easier to see, and it is available on any range. There are three types of echo stretch, 1, 2 and 3, and the higher the number the greater the amount of stretching.

The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason, make sure these types of interference have been sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch.

1. Use the trackball to select the ES indication at the left side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to select the echo stretch level desired. The indication changes in the sequence of OFF, 1, 2, and 3.

2.18 Echo Averaging

The echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echoes are averaged over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans resulting in reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter.

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while suppressing random echoes such as sea clutter. True echo average is not however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.

Note 1: With echo average active it is harder to detect high-speed targets than stationary ones. Note 2: Do not use the echo averaging function under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of targets can result. Note 3: Echo averaging can be used without a heading sensor. For further details, contact your dealer. Note 4: Echo averaging requires heading, position and speed data.

Before using the echo averaging function, reduce sea clutter with the A/C SEA control. Leave a little sea clutter on the screen so as not to erase weak targets. Then, do as follows:

Select EAV at the left side of the screen, then push the left button to choose setting. OFF: Echo averaging OFF 1, 2: Detects targets hidden in sea clutter. "2" is more effective than "1" in detecting targets hidden in strong sea

clutter. However, "1" is more effective than "2" in displaying high speed targets. Select the setting best suited to current conditions. For effective monitoring of high-speed craft, you should use "2" together with Wiper.

3: Stably displays unstable targets; distinguish high-speed craft from sea clutter.



Echo average



Echo stretch

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(a) True target trails (no

smearing of stationary targets)

(b) Relative target trails

Target moving relative to own ship

2.19 Target Trails

The trails of the radar echoes of targets may be displayed in the form of synthetic afterglow. Target trails are selected either relative or true and may be sea or ground stabilized. True motion trails require a compass signal and speed input.

2.19.1 True or relative trails

You can display echo trails in true or relative motion. Relative trails show relative movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails require a gyrocompass signal, speed data and position data.

The reference for the past position displays for AIS and TT is also switched whenever trail reference is switched.

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the TRAIL

MODE box at the bottom right corner of the screen.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select TRUE or REL as

appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

2.19.2 Trail time

Trail time, the trail plotting interval, may be selected as follows:

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the TRAIL MODE box at bottom-right corner on the screen.

2. Push the left button or the scrollwheel to choose trail time as below. The longer the trail interval the longer the

length of the target trail.

Control Available setting

Left button, TRAILS key Off, 15 sec, 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 6 min, 15 min, 30 min, CONT(inuous) Wheel OFF, 15 sec, 30 sec, 1-30 min (30 sec intervals), CONT(inuous)

The timer above the TRAIL MODE box counts up the trail time and is erased once the terminal count is reached. For example, if the trail time is six minutes, the timer is erased when trails have been plotted six minutes. The maximum time for continuous plotting is 99:59. When the timer counts to 99:59, the timer is reset to zero, all target trails are erased then trails are restarted.

2.19.3 Resetting target trails

You can clear all target trails to restart the trail process. Target trails are cleared and the trailing process restarts from time count zero at the current target trail plot interval.

1. Use the trackball to place the arrow on the TRAIL MODE box at the bottom right corner of the screen. The

guidance area reads "Trail SEL/L=Delete / OK /.

2. Long-push the left button or the TRAILS key to reset target trails.

2.19.4 Temporarily removing trails

Trails can be temporarily removed as follows:

1. Use the trackball to select the TRAIL MODE box at the bottom right corner of the screen.

2. Push the left button to display OFF.

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2.20 Parallel Index (PI) Lines

PI lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline or a partner ship when navigating. Up to six sets of PI lines are available depending on the maximum number of PI lines selected on the menu.

Max. 1 PI line: Six sets of PI lines (PI1 - PI6) Max. 2, 3 or 6 PI lines: Four sets of PI lines (PI1 – PI4)

You can control the orientation and interval of the PI lines from the PI line box, which is at the lower left corner..

lines

PI lines

Displaying PI lines

1. Put the cursor on OFF next to PI1 or PI2 at the left side of the display.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to display ON then push the scrollwheel.

PI line number

Status (ON or OFF)

PI 1

032.0°T

5.60NM

PI line orientation

PI line interval

(Boxes not shown when PI line is OFF.)

IL (Index Line) box

3. Use the scrollwheel to set index line orientation and line interval.

4. To switch between PI1 and PI2, put cursor on the PI line number box and spin the scrollwheel to show desired

PI line number.

5. To erase a PI line, select ON to the right of a PI line number, spin the scrollwheel to select OFF then push the

left button.

6. For operation with keyboard the INDEX LINE key switches active PI line.

PI line bearing reference

PI line bearing reference may be relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or referenced to North (True) as follows: Open the menu and select the Mark menu. Set Bearing Mode to Relative or True with Bearing Mode.

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Choosing maximum number of PI lines to display

The maximum number of PI lines to display may be selected from 2, 3 or 6 lines as below. The actual number of lines visible may be less depending on line interval.

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen. The guidance area at the bottom right

corner (see the illustration at the bottom of the next page for location) now reads "MENU."

2. Push the left button to display the Main menu.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Mark then push the scrollwheel.

4. Use the trackball to select Number of Lines.

5. Spin the scrollwheel to select 1, 2, 3 or 6 as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

6. Click the Close window button (X) on the menu to close the menu.

PI line mode

PI lines orientation may be selected from parallel or perpendicular. This function is available when Number of Lines in the Parallel Index Line window is set for other than "1".

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to display the Main menu.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select Mark then push the scrollwheel.

4. Use the trackball to select the setting of Orientation.

5. Spin the scrollwheel to select Perpendicular or Parallel as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

7. Click the Close window button (X) on the menu to close the menu.

Resetting PI lines

You can automatically return PI lines to default orientation, 0-degrees for parallel orientation, 90-degrees for perpendicular orientation. This is faster than doing it manually. Open the Mark menu and click the Reset PI Lines button.

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2.21 Markers

Heading marker and heading line

The heading marker and the heading line indicate the ship's heading in all presentation modes. The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode. It changes its orientation depending on the ship orientation in north-up and true motion modes. The heading marker is a small circle on the bearing scale to indicate the heading.

Temporarily erasing the heading line

To temporarily extinguish the heading line to look at targets existing dead ahead of own ship, push the HL OFF key on the control unit w/keyboard, or use the trackball to select the HL OFF box at the bottom left corner of the display then push the left button. In addition to the heading line, the stern marker and all graphics within the effective display are also erased. To redisplay the heading line, etc., release the key or the left button.

Stern marker

The stern marker, which is a dot-and-dash line, appears opposite to the heading line. To display or erase this marker, do the following:

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the display then push the left button to display the Main menu.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Mark then push the scrollwheel.

3. Use the trackball to select the setting of Stern Mark.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to select Off or On as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

5. Click the Close window button (X) on the menu to close the menu.

North marker

The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up mode, the north marker moves around the bearing scale in accordance with the compass signal.

Own ship symbol

The own ship symbol marks own position on the display. It can be turned on or off and its configuration selected from the General page of the Symbol Display. Two configurations are available: minimized symbol and scaled symbol. The scaled symbol is scaled to indicate the length and beam of the vessel. If the beam width or length of the symbol, which you selected, gets smaller than 6 mm, the symbol will disappear and own ship will be with a minimized symbol. Ship’s dimensions should be entered at installation to use the scaled ship symbol.

Scaled symbol

Minimized symbol

Heading line

Beam line

Antenna position

Heading line

Beam line

1. Use the trackball to select the Symbol DISP box at the right side of the display then push the left button.

2. Select the General page.

3. Use the trackball to select the setting of Ship outlines.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to select Off or On as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

5. Use the trackball to select the setting of Own ship limit.

6. Spin the scrollwheel to select Beam width or Length as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

7. Click the Close window button (X) to close the menu.

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2.22 Automatic Picture Setup According to Navigation

Purpose

Every time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for often encountered situations.

The radar's internal computer offers several picture setup options to be assigned to each function key for your specific navigating requirements. For instance, one of the functions is assigned to detect ships and labeled SHIP on the PICTURE box. By choosing SHIP, the radar will be instantly set for optimum detection of ships.

Four user-programmable setups are also provided (labeled PICTURE1-PICTURE4), so that you can have the radar automatically adjusted to those conditions which are not covered by the provided setup options.

Below are the preset picture setup options provided with this radar.

Picture setup options description

Label Description Label Description

NEAR Optimum setting for short range

detection using a range scale of 3 nm or less on calm seas

FAR Optimum setting for long range

detection using a range scale of 6 nm or larger

NEAR BUOY Optimum setting for detecting

navigation buoys, small vessels and other small surface objects at close range

FAR BUOY Optimum setting for detecting

navigation buoys, small vessels and other small surface objects at long range

ROUGH SEA Optimum setting for rough weather

or heavy rain

SHIP Optimum setting for detecting

vessels

HARBOR Optimum setting for short range

navigation in a harbor area using a range scale of 1.5 nm or less

COAST For coastal navigation using a range

of 12 nm or less

Each picture setup option defines a combination of several radar settings for achieving optimum setup for a particular navigating situation. These include interference rejector, echo stretch, echo average, noise rejector, automatic anti-sea and anti-rain clutters, video contrast, pulse length and sea and radar conditions.

Adjusting these features from the PICTURE menu changes the original function key settings. To restore the original settings for a particular picture setup option, it is necessary to select the default setting. For this reason, we recommended that you use the user-programmable function sets when frequent adjustment of the radar image is necessary.

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PICTURE1

PICTURE2

PICTURE3 PICTURE4

NEAR FAR

NEAR BUOY FAR BUOY

Picture setup options and default settings

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ROUGH SEA

SHIP

HARBOR COAST

Picture setup options and default settings (con’t)

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2.22.1 Choosing a picture setup option

You can select a picture setup option as follows:

1. Use the trackball to select the PICTURE box at the left side of the screen.

PICTURE box example

2. Push the left button to select picture setup option desired.

2.22.2 User-programmable picture setups

Four user-programmable picture setups are provided and they are labeled PICTURE 1 – PICTURE 4 in the PICTURE box. You can program them as below.

1. Use the trackball to select the PICTURE box at the left side of the screen.

2. Push the left button to select PICTURE 1, PICTURE 2, PICTURE 3 or PICTURE 4, whichever you wish to set.

3. Push the right button to show the PICTURE menu.

PICTURE menu

4. Set the items below referring to the sections shown.

Int Reject: 2.10 Auto STC: 2.8 Echo Stretch: 2.17 Auto Rain: 2.9 Echo Average: 2.18 Pulse length: 2.13 Noise Rej 2.23

5. Use the trackball to select Video Contrast then push the scrollwheel.

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5. Spin the scrollwheel to select 1, 2, 3 or 4 (Dynamic Range) or A, B, C (Curve) as appropriate then push the

scrollwheel. Refer to the description and illustration below. 1-4: Control dynamic range. 1 provides the widest dynamic range; 4 is the narrowest dynamic range. A: Mid-level in the curve is low, so this setting is suitable for suppressing rain clutter. B: Curve between A and C. C: Mid-level in the curve is high, so this setting is suitable for detecting distant targets.

CONTRAST CONTRAST

Video contrast settings

6. Use the trackball to select Sea Condition then push the scrollwheel.

7. Spin the scrollwheel to select appropriate sea condition then push the scrollwheel. The larger the number the

rougher the sea state.

8. Use the trackball to select Ant Height then push the scrollwheel.

9. Spin the scrollwheel to select appropriate radar antenna height (above the waterline) then push the scrollwheel.

10. If necessary, spin the scrollwheel to select Stc Range to adjust effective STC range, then push the scrollwheel.

The setting range is –10 to +10. The larger the number the longer the effective STC range becomes. (Note that the keyboard cannot be used to enter the setting.)

11. If necessary, select Low Level Echo to reject low level echoes. The setting range is 0-8. The higher the figure,

the stronger the low level echo that is erased.

12.To save a program, click the Save button.

13. Click the Close window button (X) to close the PICTURE menu.

2.22.3 Restoring user settings

If you get lost in operation while adjusting the settings for a picture setup, you can easily restore user settings for that picture setup. Note that user settings are deleted when default settings are restored.

1. Left-click the PICTURE box at the left side of the screen to select the picture setup option for which you want to

restore its user settings.

2. Push the right button to show the PICTURE menu.

3. Click the User button.

4. Click the Close window button (X) to close the PICTURE menu.

2.22.4 Restoring default picture setup options

Any of the radar functions programmed with the picture setup options may be adjusted as desired. If you get lost in operation and want to restore the default settings for a particular picture setup operation, do the following:

1. Left-click the PICTURE box at the left side of the screen to select the picture setup option for which you want to

restore its user settings.

2. Push the right button to show the PICTURE menu.

3. Click the Factory button.

4. Click the Close window button (X) to close the PICTURE menu..

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2.23 Noise Rejector

White noise may show itself on the screen as random "speckles" spread over the entire radar image. You can remove this noise as follows:

1. Use the trackball to select the PICTURE box at the left side of the screen.

2. Push the right button to show the PICTURE menu.

PICTURE menu

3. Use the trackball to select the setting of Noise Rej.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to select On or Off as appropriate then push the scrollwheel.

5. Click the Close window button (X) to close the PICTURE menu.

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2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.

Second-trace echo

To reject second-trace echoes:

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen then push the left button.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Echo then push the scrollwheel to open the Echo menu.

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select 2nd

Echo Rej then push the scrollwheel.

[Echo]

Go Back

2nd Echo Rej PM SART Tune Initialize



Active functions are checked.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to check (activate) or uncheck (deactivate) 2nd Echo Rej as appropriate then push the

scrollwheel.

5. Echo menu will close automatically.

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2.25 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data

You can adjust relative brilliance levels of various markers and alphanumeric readouts displayed on the screen. Adjustment can be done Brilliance 1 - Brilliance 4 independently.

1. Use the trackball to select the BRILL box at the bottom left corner of the screen.

2. Push the right button to show the BRILL dialog box.

3. Use the trackball to select the level indicator of the item you wish to adjust then push the scrollwheel.

4. Spin the scrollwheel to set brilliance level.

5. Click the Close window button (X) to close the PICTURE menu.

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2.26 Watch Alarm

The watch alarm function sounds the buzzer at set intervals to alert the operator to view the radar picture. When the watch alarm is active, the WATCH box appears at the bottom left of the screen. The timer in the box is displayed until the buzzer sounds.

The WATCH box appears" at the right side of the screen with a watch alarm timer that counts down from value set (for example, "12:00").

Watch 12:00

Watch box

When a preset time interval has elapsed, the audio watch alarm sounds, the screen label WATCH turns red and the watch alarm timer freezes at "0:00." To silence the alarm, push the ALARM ACK key on the full keyboard or use the trackball to select the ALARM ACK box then push the left button. The normal color for the WATCH label is restored and the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

If you push the ALARM ACK key or click the box with the left button before the selected time interval is reached, the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and the count-down sequence is restarted.

To set watch time interval:

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box at the right side of the screen then push the left button.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Alarms then push the scrollwheel.

6min

3. Use the trackball to select the value of Watch Alarm. Spin the scrollwheel to select appropriate time interval

then push the scrollwheel.

4. Close the Alarms menu by clicking the Close window button (X) at the upper right corner of the menu.

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2.27 Interswitch

The interswitch of this radar uses an Ethernet to transfer video and control signals. A digital signal transfers the video and control signals. You can connect four antennas and eight display units. Set radar display and antenna groups from the ANTENNA SELECT display.

When you switch to a different antenna, the heading skew and timing adjustment (set at installation) for that antenna is automatically applied.

The ANTENNA box at the upper left position shows current antenna selection.

Note: When network error is found, the message "Connection lost to Radar CPU" or "LAN Radar conn error" appears. To restore normal operation, reset the power of all equipment connected to the network. Recheck the network (LAN cable, HUB, etc.), reset the power of the radar, and reenter Interswitch settings.

2.27.1 Displaying antenna information

The ANTENNA SELECT display shows:

• Radar band, output power and antenna position of each antenna currently powered. (If an antenna is not

powered, its data area is blank.)

• Current antenna and display combinations.

• Your radar number

To show the ANTENNA SELECT display, right-click the ANTENNA.

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2.27.2 Presetting antenna and display combinations

You can preset the antenna and display combinations for each antenna and display in the radar system. As an example, the procedure below shows how to select the no. 1 antenna unit for the no. 2 display unit.

1. Right-click the ANTENNA box to show the ANT SELECT display.

2. Select the display unit for which to select an antenna (at the next step). For example, select Disp2 to select the

no. 2 display unit.

3. The cursor is now selecting the current display and antenna combination for the no. 2 display unit. Roll the

scrollwheel to display Ant1(M) then push the left button.

4. Repeat step 3 and 4 to set other display and antenna combinations.

5. Click Store Inter-SW.

6. Push the right button to close the menu.

2.27.3 Selection considerations

• An antenna unit cannot be controlled from multiple display units. Select one MASTER display unit for one

antenna unit. If two antenna units are set as masters, the display last-set as master becomes the master and all other displays are automatically changed to slave.

• Radar functions are controlled independently, dependently or commonly depending on selection as Master or

Slave.

• An antenna unit without a MASTER display cannot be selected on the sub display units. If there is no antenna

unit set as master, the lowest number display is automatically set as master.

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RADAR

FUNCTIONS

CONTROL

MASTER DISPLAY

OPTION

SLAVE DISPLAY

OPTION

AIS function Brilliance Echo stretch Echo averaging Echo trails EBL Lat/long data Presentation mode Speed data Target alarm TT, AIS on/off TT, AIS track interval Vector mode Vector time VRM Wiper Zoom Range (Sampling at Master) A/C SEA A/C RAIN Auto Rain Gain IR Picture setting STBY/TX Tuning Reference point

TT LOST alarm TT COLLISION alarm TT alarm ACK TT acquire TT/AIS AZ

Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent Independent

Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control Dependent Control

Common Control Common Control Common Control Common Control Common Control

Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set Desired Value Can be set (Echo Sampling at Master Range)

Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled

Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control Cannot control

Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled Item Commonly Controlled

• If the message "CHECK INTERSWITCH" appears, do one of the following as applicable:

- If only your antenna is not displayed on the ANTENNA SELECT display, LAN line in your processor may be faulty. In this case, use the standalone mode.

- If the antenna that was in use does not appear on the ANTENNA SELECT display, LAN line in other processor unit may be faulty. In this case, see the procedure below for how to select a different antenna unit.

• When the Network fails, the Interswitch does not work, but standalone operation is possible.

• Neither antenna nor display may be selected when the dual-radar display (non- IMO only) is active.

2.27.4 Selecting the antenna

For the ship that carries multiple antennas, you can choose the antenna to use as follows:

1. Roll the trackball to place the arrow in the ANTENNA box at the left side of the screen.

Ant1(M) X-BAND 

2. Roll the scrollwheel to choose an antenna then push the left button.

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Tx: Normal Rx: Normal

Tx, Rx: No arc appears when attenuation is 10dB. Replace magnetron.

13.5 to

18.5 nm

13.5 to

18.5 nm

Display State

2.28 Performance Monitor

A performance monitor, incorporated in the antenna unit, is required for a radar installed on vessels of 300 GT and upward engaged in international voyages. Two units are available:

• X-band radar PM-31 (9410 ± 45 MHz)

• S-band radar PM-51 (3050 ± 30 MHz)

Activating, deactivating the performance monitor

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box then push the left button.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Echo then push the scrollwheel.

[Echo]

Go Back

2nd Echo Rej PM SART Tune Initialize

Echo menu

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select PM then push the scrollwheel. Check to activate, uncheck to deactivate.

4. Push the right button twice to close the menu. "PM" appears on the display when the performance monitor is active.

Checking radar performance

1. The radar is automatically set up as follows:

Range: 24 nm Pulse Length: Long Blind Sector: Off A/C Sea: Off A/C Rain: Off Echo Stretch: Off Echo Average: Off Video Contrast: B1 Tune: Auto Gain: Initial setting (as set with PM GAIN ADJ at installation)

2. Turn on the performance monitor referring to procedure shown above.

3. After observing the results turn off the performance monitor. The range scale is automatically set to 24 nm. The radar

screen will show one or two arcs. If the radar transmitter and receiver are in good working order in as much as the original state when the monitor was turned on, the innermost arc should appear at 16 nm. The performance monitor can observe a total of 10 dB loss in transmitter and receiver.

Note: The lengths and location of the arcs may vary according to the direction in which the antenna unit is installed. Judge the strength of the echo which appears within 60° from arc location to confirm if the radar is working properly or not.

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2.29 Color and Brilliance Sets

This radar provides three sets of color and brilliance sets (palette) to match any ambient lighting condition. The default specifications of each brilliance set is as shown in the table below.

Display Brilliance

Palette

FCR-2107 FCR-2807

Panel

Dimmer

Others Text

Color

Background/

Circle

Day 45 65 4 12 White Gray/Black Day-Blue 45 65 4 12 White Blue/Black Dusk 25 55 2 12 White Gray/Black Dusk-Blue 25 55 2 12 White Blue/Black Night 8 24 1 12 White Gray/Black

Note: The above default settings are restored whenever the setting for Calibrated is ON.

Choosing color and brilliance set

1. Use the trackball to select the BRILL box at the left side of the screen.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select color and brilliance set from among BRILL1 – BRILL4.

3. Push the scrollwheel to finish.

Presetting brilliance set

1. Use the trackball to select the BRILL box at the left side of the screen.

2. Push the right button to open the BRILLIANCE menu.

BRILLIANCE menu

3. Set the cursor on the level indicator of the item you wish to adjust and spin the scrollwheel to adjust.

4. Click the Close window button (X) to close the BRILLIANCE menu.

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2.30 Reference Position

The reference position for measurements (range, bearing, etc.) and markers (heading line, stern mark, etc.) can be antenna position or consistent common reference point (CCRP), which is a location on own ship to which all horizontal measurements, for example range, bearing, relative course, relative speed, closest point of approach (CPA) or time to closest point of approach (TCPA), are normally referenced.

To select reference position, left-click the REF POINT indication at the top of the screen to select ANT or CCRP as applicable.

The position of the own ship marker changes according to reference position as shown below. If the CCRP is positioned outside of the effective display area, the bearing scale is indicated with the appropriate reduced detail.

CCRP

ANT

Range and bearing are measured and graphics are drawn according to reference position as in the table below.

Markers, measurements and reference point

Reference point

Category Item

CCRP Antenna position EBL VRM Cursor PI line Range ring Drop mark

Range and bearing measurement

Origin mark

Range and bearing measured from CCRP

Range and bearing measured from antenna position

Heading line Stern mark Beam line Own ship vector

Graphics

Own ship track

Drawn from CCRP Drawn from antenna

position

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Markers, measurements and reference point (con't)

Reference point

Category Item

CCRP Antenna position

Bearing cursor Drawn with CCRP at

center

Drawn with antenna position at center

Course, speed Calculated with

CCRP at center

Calculated with antenna position at center

CPA, TCPA Calculated with

CCRP at center

Calculated with antenna position at center

BCR, BCT Calculated from bow position

Heading Speed Course over ground Speed over ground

Own ship data

Own L/L

Data from sensor, regardless of reference point selected

2.31 Cursor Position Data

Cursor position data is shown at the top right side of the radar display.

34°40.849'N 135°18.303'E

TTG

48.6°T

01:14 25.62 NM

Time-to-go to cursor position

Bearing and range to cursor position

Cursor position in latitude and longitude

To show Time-to-go data:

1. Open the main menu followed by the Initial Settings menu.

2. Put the cursor on the triangle in the menu to show the Operation menu.

3. Put the cursor on TTG Display.

4. Select Off, Ground Speed, or Water Speed.

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2.32 Drop Mark

The operator inscribes a drop mark ( ) at a selected location to find the range and bearing from own ship to the mark. This can be useful for marking a point to avoid while navigating to a destination.

Activating the drop mark feature

1. Open the main menu followed by the Mark menu.

2. Set the cursor Drop Mark then spin the scrollwheel to select On or Off as appropriate.

3. Click the X at the top right corner to close the window.

Inscribing a drop mark

1. Left-click one of the DROP MARK boxes at the bottom of the screen.

2. Put the cursor on the point you want to measure the range and bearing then push the left button. A drop mark is inscribed on the screen and range and bearing between own ship and the drop mark are shown below corresponding DROP MARK box.

000

010

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

DROP1

229.8°T 4.532NM

DROP2

90.38°T 2.873NM

Drop Mark

Range and bearing to drop mark

No. 1 DROP MARK box

No. 2 DROP MARK box

Erasing a drop mark

Left-click the appropriate DROP MARK box until the drop mark and its data are erased. (The DROP MARK box remains on the screen until the drop mark feature is turned off from the menu.)

Drop mark bearing reference

The bearing of a drop mark can be reference to True or Relative. Open the main menu followed by the Mark menu. Set the cursor on the setting of Drop Mark Bearing then spin the scrollwheel to select True or Relative.

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2.33 Anchor Watch

Anchor watch is used to monitor how vessel is staying at anchor. You are able to set limit for movement of vessel at anchor (Drag circle). If your vessel travels more than the distance set here, the alert "874: Anchor watch" appears.

Your ship's position, where you start the anchor watch.

Alarm setting

: Alarm triggered

Activating anchor watch

1. Open the main menu followed by the Mark menu.

2. Enter desired range value (0-9.99(nm)) for the anchor watch in the Range field.

3. Drop the anchor then click the Drop Anchor button. The Start Anchor Watch button appears below the Drop Anchor button.

4. Click the Start Anchor Watch button to start the anchor watch.

Deactivating anchor watch

1. Open the main menu followed by the Mark menu.

2. Click the Stop Anchor Watch button.

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2.34 Chart Display Dialog

The Chart DISP box, which appears at the lower right-hand corner on the screen, functions to set chart display related settings. The box is always shown in the chart radar mode. You can show it in the ECDIS mode by selecting Chart Display from the menu. For details, see section 7.9.3 Controlling visible chart features (chart display).

2.35 Chart Database Information

You can select what objects to display on the chart radar screen. There are four different pre-defined settings available. Indication of selected setting appears on the chart radar screen.

There are following predefined settings available:

• IMO Base, text indication DspBase. In Chart Display dialog nothing checked in Standard, Other 1 and Other 2

pages.

• IMO Primary, text indication Primary. In Chart Display dialog nothing else checked but "Buoys and Beacons"

in Standard page. This is the "Primary Chart Information Set (PCIS)", based on IEC 62388 section11.1.4.1, IEC61174 and IMO Resolution A.817(19).

• IMO Standard, text indication Std. In Chart Display dialog all objects checked in standard page and nothing

else Other 1 and Other 2 pages.

• IMO All Other, text indication AllOther. In Chart Display dialog everything checked in Standard, Other 1 and

Other 2 pages.

• Text indication Other, if objects are checked any other way in Standard, Other 1 and Other 2 pages.

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2.35.1 Selecting pre defined chart database display settings

To select desired IMO Chart Display Settings, proceed as follows:

1. Open the Chart Display dialog and move cursor over black triangle on Chart Display dialog then push the left mouse button.

2. Choose Set IMO Base, Set IMO Primary, Set IMO Standard or Set IMO All Other from the menu.

2.35.2 Creating user-defined chart database display settings

See section 7.9.6 Storing and recalling chart display setting for visible chart and navigation features. Note 1: We recommend that you create separate chart databases for "easy viewing of radar in chart radar mode" and

"view chart details in ECDIS mode". Note 2: Save chart radar mode settings and ECDIS mode settings together when creating a user-defined chart

database. Note 3: The chart database display settings that can be saved or selected are in the Standard, Other and Other 2

pages of the Chart Display dialog. Note 4: The items on the Chart page of the Chart Display dialog are common to both the chart radar and ECDIS

modes. However, the items cannot be saved or selected (on the Chart Display menu).

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2.36 Temporary Chart Priority Display Control

The chart radar mode displays both the radar echo and chart symbols, with the radar echo having priority. If the chart symbols become hidden in the radar picture, do one of the following to give temporary priority to the chart symbols.

2.36.1 Chart priority

In the chart radar mode, select the Chart Priority box (bottom left-hand corner) and push and hold down the left mouse button to give priority to the chart symbols (coastline, depth contours, navigation buoys, etc.). Release the button to restore priority to the radar echo.

2.36.2 Coast line only

In the chart radar mode, select the Coast Line Only box (bottom left-hand corner) and hold down the left mouse button to temporarily erase chart symbols and show the coastline together with radar echo, which has priority. Release the button to show the chart symbols.

2.37 Chart Status Box

If, in the ECDIS mode, there is something wrong with a chart, a "permanent message for S57 charts" appears. For details see section 7.1.3 Permanent messages for S57 charts.

For the chart radar mode, a "permanent message" cannot be displayed automatically. In this mode, when something is wrong with a chart, the Chart Status box appears. Click the box to show the permanent message in the data display area.

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2.38 Chart Alert Function

The chart alert function operates in both the chart radar mode and the ECDIS mode. There are two types of chart alerts: your ship's predicted course, and route alert. For details see Chapter 9 Chart Alerts.

For the ship's predicted course alert, the operator sets a safety contour (see section 9.1.1 Choosing safety contour) to select safety depth suitable for the ship. The operator also sets the parameters for own ship predicted movement (see section 9.3 Activating Own Ship Check).

For the route alert, route planning (see section 9.4 Route Planning) and route monitoring (see section 9.5 Route Monitoring) functions are available.

Note that if you change from "chart radar" mode or "ECDIS" to "radar" mode, the chart alert feature is automatically switched off by the system.

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3-1

3. Radar Observation

3.1 General

3.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m

is still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position.

It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang reduction and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution MSC.192(79) requires the minimum range to be less than 40 m, respectively. This series of radars satisfy this requirement.

Maximum range

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.

where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)

h1: antenna height (m) h2 : target height (m)

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).

X-band and S-band

In fair weather, the equation on the previous page does not give a significant difference between X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an S-band radar would have better detection than an X-band radar.

Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution.

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Bearing resolution

Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are at the same range and close together. It is proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be selected for a bearing resolution better than 2.5° (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the X-band. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.

Range resolution

Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulse length only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 40 m as do so with all FURUNO radars.

Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an echoing area of 10 m2.

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. Generally, there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

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3-3

3.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the A/C SEA control.

Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam, called sidelobes. If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Side lobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA control.

Spurious

target

True echo

Main-lobe

Side-lobe

Antenna

Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example.

Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced. Within this sector targets can not be detected.

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3.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

3.3.1 SART description

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the radar to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display my show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nautical miles, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

9500 MHz 9200 MHz

Radar antenna beamwidth

Screen A: When SART is distant

Screen B: When SART is close

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

Echo from SART

Position of SART

Own ship position

SART mark length

Radar receiver bandwidth

Sweep time

7.5 μs 95 μs

Sweep start

High speed sweep signal

Low speed sweep signal

24 NM

1.5 NM

Position of SART

Echo from SART

SART

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3.3.2 Showing SART marks on the radar display

This radar is equipped with a feature which optimally sets up the radar for SART detection. This feature automatically detunes the radar receiver out of its best tuning condition. This erases or weakens all normal radar echoes, but the SART marks are not erased because the SART response signal scans over all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the radar approaches the SART in operation, the SART marks will enlarge to large arcs, blurring a large part of the screen.

To set up for SART detection do the following:

1. Use the trackball to select the MENU box then push the scrollwheel.

2. Spin the scrollwheel to select Echo then push the scrollwheel.

[Echo]

Go Back

2nd Echo Rej PM SART Tune Initialize

Echo menu

3. Spin the scrollwheel to select SART then push the scrollwheel. Check to set up for SART, uncheck for normal operation.

4. With SART turned on radar functions are automatically set as follows:

Range: 12 nm Pulse Length: Long Echo Stretch: Off Noise Rejector: Off Echo Averaging: Off Interference Rejector: Off Performance Monitor: Off A/C Rain: Off

"SART" appears when this feature is active. Be sure to turn off the SART feature when SART detection is no longer your objective.

3.3.3 General remarks on receiving SART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulse length and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulse length. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range scales and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

A radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar side lobes

As the SART is approached, side lobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the side lobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to own ship.

Note: SART information excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 OPERATION OF MARINE RADAR FOR SART DETECTION.

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3.4 RACON

A RACON is a radar beacon which emits radar-receivable signals in the radar frequency spectrum (X- or S-band). There are several signal formats; in general, the RACON signal appears on the radar screen as a rectangular echo originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon. It has a Morse coded pattern. Note that the position on the radar display is not accurate.

RACON signal

RACON marks on the radar display

3.5 Radar Target Enhancer (RTE)

An RTE is a radar transponder is mounted on navigation buoys and masts of small crafts to significantly improve their detection by radar. Unlike a SART or RACON, which are passive, the RTE receives a radar signal, amplifies it and re-transmits it, with the intention of making the target's signal look larger on a radar display. The RTE is available in X-band and S-band types.

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4. Target Tracking (TT)

Operation

4.1 Usage Precautions

• This Target Tracking (TT) function meets the IMO requirements for the TT.

• For sake of brevity, this manual uses "TT" when referring to Target Tracking.

• Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is needed to restore vectors to full

accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the

order of 15-30 seconds for high relative speed; 30-60 seconds for low relative speed.

• The data generated by this TT are intended for reference only.

A target measuring 800 m or more in the radial or circumferential direction is regarded as a landmass and not acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller than 800 m are regarded as targets to be tracked.

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4. Tracked Target (TT) Operation

4-2

4.2 Controls for TT

Keyboard

The TT uses the keys shown below.

ACQ

OFF

VRM

A/C SEAA/C RAIN

MODE

LINE

INDEX

OFF

CENTER

OFF

RESET

CU/TM

OFFSET

EBL

GAIN

TARGET CANCEL

TARGET

DATA

RANGE

LIST

TARGET

MARK

ENTER

TIME

VECTOR

CANCEL

TRAILS

MODE

VECTOR

BRILL

EBL

OFF

ACK

ALARM

F3 F4

STBY

ACQ: Manually acquires a target. TARGET DATA: Displays data on tracked target

chosen with the trackball.

TARGET CANCEL: Terminates tracking of tracked

target chosen with the trackball.

Control unit RCU-020

Trackball

With the cursor inside the effective display area, you can access TT functions by spinning the scrollwheel or choosing appropriate TT function from the CURSOR menu.

Spin the scrollwheel to show the following indications in the guidance area to access respective TT function: Tgt Acquire: Manually acquires a target, or displays data of the cursor-selected Tracked Target. Tgt Cancel /L = All: Cancels tracking on cursor-selected Tracked Target.

4.3 Showing, Hiding TT

To show or hide the TT display, do the following:

1. Use the trackball to select the TT setting at the right side of the display. Push the left mouse button to show AUTO MAN (activate) or OFF (deactivate as desired.

AUTO MAN

Furuno FCR-2117, FCR-2127, FCR-2817, FCR-2827, FCR-2117-BB Operator's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual