Furuno 841 MARK-2 User Manual

MARINE RADAR
MODEL
MODEL 841 MARK-2
(
C
9-52, Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan
Telephone: 0798-65-2111 Telefax: 0798-65-4200
All rights reserved.
Printed in Japan
Your Local Agent/Dealer
FIRST EDITION : JAN. 1997 G : JUL. 10, 2001
PUB. No. OME-34440
HIMA)
MODEL841 MARK-2

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

"WARNING" and "CAUTION" notices appear throughout this manual. It is the responsibil- ity of the operator and the installer of the equipment to read, understand and follow these notices. If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions, please contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.
The level of risk appearing in the notices is defined as follows:
This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not
WARNING
CAUTION
avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
This notice indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury, or property damage.
iiiiiiiiiiiii
i
Safety Instructions for the Operator
WARNING
Do not open the equipment.
Hazardous voltage which can cause electrical shock, burn or serious injury exists inside the equipment. Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.
Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit.
Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast.
Stay away from transmitting antenna.
The radar antenna emits mi­crowave radiation which can be harmful to the human body, particularly the eyes. Never look directly into the antenna radiator from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar is in operation.
Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.
Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equip­ment is emitting smoke or fire.
WARNING
Do not operate the equipment with wet hands.
Electrical shock can result.
Keep heater away from equipment.
Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord, which can cause fire or electrical shock.
CAUTION
Use the proper fuse.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in fire or permanent equipment damage.
Do not use the equipment for other than its intended purpose.
Personal injury can result if the equipment is used as a chair or stepping stool, for example.
Do not place objects on the top of the equipment.
The equipment can overheat or personal injury can result if the object falls.
Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock.
ii
Safety Instructions for the Installer
Ground the equipment to prevent electrical shock and mutual interference.
Confirm that the power supply voltage is compatible with the voltage rating of the equipment.
Connection to the wrong power supply can cause fire or equipment damage. The voltage rating appears on the label at the rear of the display unit.
Use the correct fuse.
Use of a wrong fuse can cause fire or equipment damage.
CAUTION
WARNING
Do not work inside the equipment unless totally familiar with electrical circuits.
Hazardous voltage which can cause electrical shock, burn or serious injury exists inside the equipment.
Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit.
Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast.
If applicable, turn off the power at the mains switch­board before beginning the installation. Post a sign near the switch to indicate it should not be turned on while the equipment is being installed.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result if the power is left on or is applied while the equipment is being installed.
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iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD................................ v
SPECIFICATIONS ..................... vii
EQUIPMENT LIST ...................... ix
CONFIGRATION......................... xi
1. PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION............................. 1
1.1 What is Radar? ................................. 1
1.2 How Ships Determined Position
Before Radar..................................... 1
1.3 How Radar Determines Range ......... 1
1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing....... 1
1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna
Rotation Speed.................................. 1
1.6 The Radar Display ............................ 1
2. OPERATION
2.1 Control Description .......................... 3
2.2 Display Indications and Markers...... 4
2.3 Turning the Radar On and Off .......... 4
2.4 Transmitting...................................... 5
2.5 Selecting the Range .......................... 5
2.6 Adjusting LCD Backlighting and
Display Tone..................................... 5
2.7 Adjusting Control Panel Brilliance... 5
2.8 Adjusting GAIN, STC, A/C RAIN
and FTC ............................................ 6
2.9 Tuning the Receiver.......................... 7
2.10 Measuring the Range ........................ 8
2.11 Measuring the Bearing...................... 8
2.12 Menu Operation................................ 9
2.13 Selecting the Display Mode.............11
2.14 The Window Display ...................... 12
2.15 Selecting the Presentation Mode .... 12
2.16 Guard Alarm ................................... 13
2.17 Suppressing Radar Interference...... 14
2.18 Suppressing Noise Interference ...... 15
2.19 Selecting Pulselength...................... 15
2.20 Off Centering the Display............... 15
2.21 Echo Trails...................................... 16
2.22 The Navigation Data Display ......... 16
2.23 Echo Stretch.................................... 17
2.24 Selecting Unit of Measurement
for Range ........................................ 18
2.25 Selecting Bearing Reference .......... 18
2.26 Watchman ....................................... 18
2.27 Erasing the Heading Marker........... 19
2.28 Deselecting Ranges......................... 19
2.29 Displaying Navigation During
Stand-by.......................................... 19
2.30 Outputting Cursor Position to
Navigator ........................................ 20
2.31 Displaying Cursor Position, Range
and Bearing to Cursor..................... 20
2.32 V isual Alarm Indications ................ 20
3. INTERPRETING THE
DISPLAY
3.1 The Radar Wave and Radar Horizon21
3.2 Target Properties and Radar Wave
Reflection ....................................... 21
3.3 Range Resolution............................ 22
3.4 Bearing Resolution ......................... 22
3.5 False Echoes ................................... 22
3.6 Nautical Chart and Radar Picture ... 24
4. MAINTENANCE &
TROUBLESHOOTING
4.1 Safety Information.......................... 25
4.2 Preventative Maintenance............... 26
4.3 Replacing the Fuse.......................... 26
4.4 Troubleshooting.............................. 27
4.5 Self Test .......................................... 28
5. INSTALLATION
5.1 Antenna Unit Installation................ 29
5.2 Display Unit Installation................. 31
5.3 Installation Check List.................... 35
5.4 Initial Adjustment of Picture........... 36
5.5 Displaying the Installation Menus.. 36
5.6 Entering Initial Settings .................. 37
5.7 Relative Bearing Alignment ........... 37
5.8 Sweep Timing................................. 37
5.9 Closing the Installation Menus ....... 38
Declaration of Conformity
v

FOREWORD

Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO MODEL 841 MARK-2 Marine Radar. We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synony­mous with quality and reliability.
For over 40 years FURUNO Electric Com­pany has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electron­ics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.
Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine en­vironment. However, no machine can per­form its intended function unless properly installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the recommended proce­dures for installation, operation and main­tenance.
While this unit can be installed by the pur­chaser , any purchaser who has doubts about his or her technical abilities may wish to have the unit installed by a FURUNO rep­resentative or other qualified technician. The importance of a thorough installation can­not be overemphasized.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.
Features
Your radar has a large variety of functions, all contained in a remarkably small cabinet.
The main features of the MODEL 841 MARK-2 are:
• Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality in a compact, lightweight and low-cost radar.
• Smartly styled, light-weight and compact radome antenna fits even on small yachts.
• Durable brushless antenna motor.
• High definition 8" LCD raster-scan dis­play.
• On-screen alphanumeric readout of all operational information.
• Standard features include EBL (Elec­tronic Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Off Center and Echo Trail.
• W atchman feature periodically transmits the radar to check for radar targets which may be entering (or exiting) the alarm zone.
• Operates on 10.2 to 31.2 V DC power supply and consumes about 40 W.
• Ship’s position in latitude and longitude (or Loran C T ime Differences), range and bearing to a waypoint, ship’ s speed, head­ing and course can be shown in the bot­tom text area. (Requires a navigation aid which can output such data in NMEA 0183 format.)
vi
• Zoom feature provided.

SPECIFICATIONS

Antenna Unit
1. Radiator
Printed array
2. Radiator length
54 cm
3. Horizontal beamwidth
3.9°
4. Vertical beamwidth
20°
5. Sidelobe
-20 dB within main lobe
-23 dB outside main lobe
6. Polarization
Horizontal
7. Antenna rotation speed
24 rpm
8. Wind resistance
Relative wind speed 100 kts (51.5 m/s)
Transceiver Module (contained in radome)
1. Transmitting tube
Magnetron MG5248, E3571 or MAF1421B
2. Frequency
9410 MHz ±30MHz, P0N (X band)
3. Peak output power
4 kW
4. Pulselength & pulse repetition rate
0.08µs, 2100 Hz (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1,
1.5 nm)
0.3µs, 1200 Hz (1.5, 2, 3 nm)
0.8µs, 600 Hz (3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 nm)
5. Warm-up time
2:30
6. Modulator
FET switching method
7. I. F.
60 MHz
8. Tuning
Automatic or manual
9. Receiver front end
MIC (Microwave IC)
10. Bandwidth
7 MHz
11. Duplexer
Circulator with diode limiter
Display Unit
1. Indication system
PPI raster scan
2. Display
8-inch diagonal LCD, STN semi­transparent, yellow mode
3. Range scales (nm)
Range, Ring Interval: 0.125(0.0625),
0.25(0.125), 0.5(0.125), 0.75(0.25), 1(0.25), 1.5(0.5), 2(0.5), 3(1), 4(1), 6(2), 8(2), 12(3), 16(4), 24(6),
4. Bearing resolution
4°
5. Bearing accuracy
Better than 1°
6. Range discrimination
Better than 25 m
7. Range ring accuracy
0.9% of range in use or 8 m, whichever is larger
8. Minimum range
Better than 37 m
9. Markers
Heading marker, Bearing scale, Range ring, VRM, EBL, Waypoint (option), Tuning indicator, Alarm zone, Cursor
10. Alphanumeric indication
Standard: Electronic Bearing Line (EBL), Echo Stretch (ES), Rain Clutter Rejection (FTC), Alarm (G), Interference Rejection (IR),
36 (6)
vii
Stand-by (ST-BY), Echo Trail Time (TRAIL), Variable Range Marker (VRM), Range, Range Ring Interval, Range and Bearing to Cursor (+), Off Center (OFF CENTER), Watchman (WATCHMAN) With navigation input (option): Course (CRS), Latitude and longitude, Speed (SPD), Range and bearing to waypoint (WP), Cross Track Error (XTE), Date and time, Water depth, Water temperature. (This radar has only two
data input ports. To receive data from more than two equipment install an mixing device.)
11. Vibration
Vibration freq. Total amplitude 5 to 12.5 Hz ±1.6 mm 12 to 25 Hz ±0.35 mm 25 to 50 Hz ±0.10 mm
12. Ambient temperature
Antenna unit: –20˚C to +70˚C Display unit: 0˚C to +60˚C
Due to the inherent nature of the LCD its contrast may be affected under ambient temperature below 0˚C (32˚F) or above 50˚C (122˚F).
13. Humidity
Relative humidity 95% or less at +40˚C
14. Waterproofing
Display unit: IEC Pub no. 529 IPX5 Antenna unit: IEC Pub no. 945 class X
15. Power supply & power consumption
12 V or 24V(10.2 V to 31.2 V DC), 40 W approx.
16. Protection features
Protection against reverse polarity, overvoltage, overcurrent, and internal fault
17. Compass safe distance
Interface NMEA
Input
Own ship’s position : RMA>RMC>GLL
(GLL is available Ver.5 and after.) Speed : RMA>RMC>VTG>VHW Heading(True):
HDT>VHW>HDG>VHW>HDM Heading (Magnetic):
HDM>VHW>HDG>VHW>HDM Course (True):
RMA>RMC>VTG Course (Magnetic)
VTG>RMA>RMC Waypoint (L/L, Range, Bearing):
RMB>BWC>BWR Loran time difference :
RMA>GLC>GTD Water depth : DPT>DBK, DBS, DBT Water temperature : MDA>MTW Time : ZDA XTE : RMB>XTE>APB
Output
TLL : On using “HM OFF” key. RSD : A cycle of four seconds
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EQUIPMENT LIST

Complete Set
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1tinuannetnA850-1700-BSR1 2tinuyalpsiD2M4-311-PDR1 3straperapS00890-30PS144-580-000tes1 4seirosseccA00950-30PF050-264-800tes1
00181-30PC279-680-000
noitallatsnI
5
slairetam
)enotceles(
01181-30PC379-680-000m51:elbaclangis 02181-30PC479-680-000m02:elbaclangis 03181-30PC579-680-000m03:elbaclangis 04181-30PC645-680-000elbaclangiso/w
tes1
Installation Materials (CP03-15xx)
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1tloBxeH403SUS52x01M803-268-0004 2rehsaWtalF403SUS01M131-468-0004 3rehsaWgnirpS403SUS01M162-468-0004 4rotcennoCHX)P5(6971-30038-264-8001 5*elbaclangiS
)enotceleS(
01-27-30S043-574-800 51-27-30S053-574-800 02-27-30S063-574-800 03-27-30S073-574-800
m01 m51
1
m02 m03
m01:elbaclangis
6elbacrewoP0-8419S30316-921-0001m5.3
Spare Parts (SP03-9800)
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1esuFV521CAA5A-OBGF460-945-0002
Accessories (FP03-05900)
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1wercSgnippaT403SUS02x5180-208-0004
.eriwkcihtenohtiwdecalperseriwknipnihtowt;deilppusebyamelbitapmoc16-30S*
ix
Optional Equipment
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1reifitceR26-RP484-310-000
2rezzuBlanretxE631-30PO344-680-0001
3)1(tekcarBgnitnuoM29-30PO070-544-0001taobliasroF
1
584-310-000CAV011 684-310-000CAV022 784-310-000
CAV001
CAV032
x

CONFIGURATION

MODEL 841 MARK-2
Antenna Unit
NAV
IEC 1162*
Video Sounder
IEC 1162*
Fluxgate Heading
Sensor C-2000
Gyro
Gyro Converter
AD-100
*Equivalent to NMEA0183
Option
(In/Out)
(In)
5A
10.2~31.2VDC
Remote Display
FMD-811
External Alarm
Buzzer OP03-136
Rectifier
PR-62
115/230VAC
xi

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.1 What is Radar?

The term "RADAR" is an acronym mean­ing RAdio Detection And Ranging. Al­though the basic principles of radar were developed during World War II, primarily by scientists in Great Britain and the United States, the use of echoes as an aid to navi­gation is not a new development.

1.2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar

Before the invention of radar , when running in fog near a rugged shoreline, ships would sound a short blast on their whistles, fire a shot, or strike a bell. The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the echo indicated how far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore. The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the relative bearing of the shore.
1.3 How Radar Determines

1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing

The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the radar scanner antenna is pointing when it emits an electronic pulse and then receives a returning echo. Each time the scanner ro­tates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle, each pulse at a slightly differ­ent bearing from the previous one. There­fore, if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out, one knows the direction from which the echo must return.

1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Antenna Rotation Speed

Note that the speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is ex­tremely fast compared to the speed of rota­tion of the antenna. By the time radar echoes have returned to the scanner, the amount of scanner rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small.
Range
Radar determines the distance to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission of a radar signal and the reception of the reflected echo. It is a known fact that radar waves travel at a nearly con­stant speed of 162,000 nautical miles per second. Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the distance to the target. Note that the echo makes a complete round trip, but only half the time of travel is needed to deter­mine the one-way distance to the target. This radar automatically takes this into account in making the range calculation.

1.6 The Radar Display

The range and bearing of a target is displayed on what is called a Plan Position Indicator (PPI). This display is essentially a polar dia­gram, with the transmitting ship’s position at the center. Images of target echoes are received and displayed at their relative bear­ings, and at their distance from the PPI cen­ter.
With a continuous display of the images of targets, the motion of the transmitting ship is also displayed.
1
Targets
Heading line
Range and bearing
A
D
A
of a target, relative to own ship, are
D
readable on the PPI.
B
C
Own ship (radar)
(A) Bird's eye view of situation
Figure 1-1 How radar works
B
C
Own ship in center
(B) Radar picture of (A)
2

2. OPERATION

2.1 Control Description

Cursor pad Shift cursor, VRM and EBL; select items and options on menu.
Registers selection
on menus.
Press to adjust gain,
A/C RAIN, STC
and FTC.
Adjusts display
tone.
Turns the EBL
on/off.
Plots targets' trails.
Sets guard
zone area.
Selects display mode;
erases heading error
indication.
ENT MENU
ECHO
RANGE
TONE BRILL
EBL
TRAIL
GUARD
DISP
MODE
HM
OFF
VRM
RINGS
OFF
CENTER
ST-BY
TX
Opens/closes menus.
Erases heading marker; selects cursor data (Lat/Long, R/B); outputs cursor position.
Selects radar range.
Adjusts display brilliance.
Turns the VRM on/off.
Turns the range rings on/off.
Off centers the display.
Sets radar in stand-by; transmits radar pulse.
POWER
Figure 2-1 Control panel
Turns power on/off.
3

2.2 Display Indications and Markers

Range
Range ring interval
Presentation mode
Off center
Pulsewidth
Heading marker
Guard zone
area
Cursor
0.5
CU
OFF
CENTER
SP
1.5
HDG 326.8°
NM
Heading (requires heading data)
TRAIL AUTO
0:00
15S
G (IN)
FTC1
ES
Echo trail, AUTO tuning Echo trail elapsed time, echo trail time, tuning indicator Guard zone
IR
Fast Time Constant (rain clutter suppressor) Echo stretch Interference rejector
Range ring
EBL
VRM EBL + CURSOR
0.675
NM
VRM range
220.9°
R
0.646NM 308.7°
EBL bearing
Figure 2-2 Display indications

2.3 Turning the Radar On and Off

Turning the radar on
Press the [POWER] key to turn the radar on or off. The control panel lights and a timer displays the time remaining for warm up of the magnetron (the device which produces radar pulses), counting down from 2:30 to 0:01.
VRM
Range and bearing to cursor or cursor position in latitude and longitude may be displayed
}
by pressing the [HM OFF] key.
Cursor range
R
Cursor bearing
CAUTION
The radar antenna emits high frequency radio radiation which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly at the antenna from a distance of less than two feet when the radar is in operation. Always make sure no one is near the antenna before turning on the radar.
Note: When the power is reapplied within a certain amount of time and circuits remain charged, the warmup process is skipped—you can transmit immediately.
4
Note: When the heading signal is lost, the HDG
readout at the top of the screen shows ***.*. This warning stays on when the heading sig­nal is restored to warn the operator that the readout may be unrealiable. The warning may be erased by pressing the [DISP MODE] key,

2.4 Transmitting

After the power is turned on and the mag­netron has warmed up, ST-BY (Stand-By) appears at the screen center . This means the radar is now fully operational. In stand-by the radar is available for use at anytime— but no radar waves are being transmitted.

2.6 Adjusting LCD Backlighting and Display Tone

The [BRILL] key adjusts the LCD back­lighting in eight levels, including off. The [TONE] key adjusts the tone (contrast) of the display in 32 levels, including off.
Press the [ST -BY TX] key to transmit. When transmitting, any echoes from targets appear on the display . This radar displays echoes in four tones of gray according to echo strength.
When you won’t be using the radar for an extended period but want to keep it in a state of readiness, press the [ST-BY TX] key to set the radar in stand-by.

2.5 Selecting the Range

The range selected automatically determines the range ring interval, the number of range rings, pulselength and pulse repetition rate, for optimal detection capability in short to long ranges.
Procedure
Procedure
1) Press the [BRILL] key (or [TONE] key). The display shown in Figure 2-3 appears.
BRILL UP
Tone
setting
TONE
DOWN
BRILL
19 7
DOWN
<MENU TO EXIT>
TONE UP
Item selected for adjustment
LCD brilliance setting
Figure 2-3 Display for adjustment of
brilliance and tone
2) Press the [BRILL] key (or [TONE] key) to set level. For fine adjustment, press cursor pad at 12o'clock/6 o'clock for bril­liance and 3o'clock/9o'clock for tone.
Press the [– RANGE +] key . The range and range ring interval appear at the top left cor­ner on the display.
Tips for selecting the range
• When navigating in or around crowded harbors, select a short range to watch for possible collision situations.
• If you select a lower range while on open water , increase the range occasionally to watch for vessels that may be heading your way.

2.7 Adjusting Control Panel Brilliance

Procedure
1) Press the [MENU] key.
2) Press the cursor pad to select Backlight/ Brilliance and press the [ENT] key.
3) Press the cursor pad to select Panel.
4) Press the cursor pad to select brilliance level; 4 is the highest.
5) Press the [ENT] key followed by the [MENU] key.
5

2.8 Adjusting GAIN, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC

General procedure
The [ECHO] key enables adjustment of the gain, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC.
1) Press the [ECHO] key . The following dis­play appears.
AUTO 1 2 3
[
GAIN
STC
A/C RAIN 00 FTC 0 1 2
[
MAN
AUTO 1 2 3 MAN
12
ECHO KEY TO EXIT
Figure 2-4 Display for adjustment of
GAIN, STC, A/C RAIN and FTC
2) Press the cursor pad to select item to ad­just. Current selection is circumscribed by dashed rectangle.
3) Press [ENT].
3) Press the cursor pad to set level.
Item selected for adjustment
Current level
How to adjust STC (suppressing sea clutter)
Echoes from waves can be troublesome, covering the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter. The higher the waves, and the higher the scan­ner above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter appears on the dis­play as many small echoes which might af­fect radar performance. (See the left-hand figure in Figure 2-5).
The STC reduces the amplification of ech­oes at short ranges (where clutter is the great­est) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases, so am­plification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter. The control is effective up to about 4 miles.
STC can be adjusted automatically or manu­ally . For manual adjustment, first adjust the gain and then transmit on short range. Ad­just the STC level such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable. If the setting is set too low, tar gets will be hidden in the clutter , while if it is set too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust so clutter has disap­peared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward.
4) Press the [ECHO] key to finish.
How to adjust the gain (sensitivity)
The gain works in precisely the same man­ner as the volume control of a broadcast re­ceiver, amplifying the signals received.
You can adjust the gain automatically or manually . For manual adjustment, adjust the sensitivity on the highest range—the back­ground noise is clearer on that range. The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little gain, weak echoes may be missed. On the contrary excessive gain yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.
6
If there is no clutter visible on the display, turn off the circuit.
Sea clutter at
display center
STC adjusted;
sea clutter suppressed.
Figure 2-5 Effect of STC
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