Furuno 1942 MARK-2 User Manual 2

Download

MARINE RADAR

MODEL

1932 MARK-2/1942 MARK-2

(

9-52, Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan

Telephone: 0798-65-2111 Telefax: 0798-65-4200

ll rights reserved.

Printed in Japan

Your Local Agent/Dealer

FIRST EDITION : AUG. 1998 C : APR. 3, 2001

PUB. No. OME-34620

YOSH)

MODEL1932/1942 MARK-2

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

DANGER

Stay away from transmitting scanner.

The radar scanner emits microwave radiation which can be harmful to the human body, particularly the eyes. Never look directly into the scanner radiator from a distance of less than 1 m when the radar is in operation.

Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar scanner emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the scanner aperture from a close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting scanner at a close distance.

point

exist are given in the table

Distance to

10 W/m2 point

Worst case 3.0 m Worst case 2.5 m

Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m below.

Note: If the scanner unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house, your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of scanner revolution. This is possible—Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide this feature.

MODEL

1932 MK-2 1942 MK-2

Radiator

type

XN10A

XN12A

Distance to

100 W/m

Worst case 0.2 m

Nil

Two warning labels are attached to the display unit and scanner unit. Do not remove these labels. If labels are peeling off or are illegible, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.

Name: Warning Label (1) Type: 86-003-1011-0 Code no.: 100-236-230

WARNINGARNING

Radiation hazard. Only qualified personnel should work inside scanner. Confirm that TX has stopped before opening scanner.

Name: Radiation Warning Label Type: 03-142-3201-0 Code no.: 100-266-890

WARNING

CAUTIONCAUTION

Do not use the equipment for other than its intended purpose.

Use of the equipment as a stepping stool, for example, can result in personal injury or equipment damage.

No one navigation device should ever be solely replied upon for the navigation of a vessel.

Always confirm position against all available aids to navigation, for safety of vessel and crew.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

Do not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the scanner unit. Post a warning sign near the switch

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

indicating it should not be turned on while the scanner unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating scanner and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.

Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock.

Use the proper fuse.

Fuse rating is shown on the equipment. Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment damage.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord, which can cause fire or electrical shock.

FOREWORD

Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO MODEL 1932/1942 MARK-2 Marine Radar . We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for innovative and dependable marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.

Your radar is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for, operation and maintenance.

We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.

Features

Your radar has a large variety of functions, all contained in a remarkably small cabinet.

The main features of the MODEL 1932/1942 MARK-2 are:

¡ Traditional FURUNO reliability and qual-

ity in a compact, lightweight and low-cost radar.

¡ Durable brushless scanner motor. ¡ On-screen alphanumeric readout of all op-

erational information.

¡ Standard features include EBL (Electronic

Bearing Line), VRM (Variable Range Marker), Guard Alarm, Display Off Center, and Echo Trail.

¡ Watchman feature periodically transmits

the radar to check for radar targets which may be entering the alarm zone.

¡ Ship’s position in latitude and longitude

and Loran C Time Dif ferences, range and bearing to a waypoint, and ship’s speed/ heading/course can be shown in the bottom text area. (Requires a navigation aid which can output such data in IEC 61162 format.)

¡ Zoom feature provided. ¡ Optional Auto Plotter ARP-10 acquires

and automatically tracks 5 targets plus 5 targets manually , or 10 targets manually.

iii

FOREWORD.............................. iii

MENU TREE ............................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS BY

INDICATION, MARKER............. vi

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .... vii

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.1 What is Radar?............................... 1-1

1.2 How Ships Determined Position

Before Radar ................................. 1-1

1.3 How Radar Determines Range ...... 1-1

1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing..... 1-1

1.5 Radar W ave Speed and Scannner

Rotation Speed .............................. 1-1

1.6 The Radar Display ......................... 1-1

2. BASIC OPERATION

2.1 Control Description......................... 2-1

2.2 Turning the Radar On/Off............... 2-2

2.3 Transmitting.................................... 2-2

2.4 Stand-by......................................... 2-2

2.5 Selecting the Range....................... 2-3

2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance............. 2-3

2.7 Adjusting Receiver Sensitivity ........ 2-3

2.8 Adjusting the A/C SEA Control

(reducing sea clutter) ..................... 2-3

2.9 Adjusting the A/C RAIN Control

(reducing rain clutter)..................... 2-4

2.10 Erasing the Heading Marker,

North Marker................................ 2-5

2.11 Measuring the Range ................... 2-5

2.12 Measuring the Bearing................. 2-6

2.13 Using the Offset EBL.................... 2-6

2.14 Offcentering the Picture................ 2-7

2.15 Zoom ............................................ 2-8

3. MENU OPERATION

3.1 Basic Menu Operation.................... 3-1

3.2 Selecting the Presentation Mode ... 3-1

3.3 Magnifying Long Range Echoes

(echo stretch)................................. 3-2

3.4 Echo Trail ....................................... 3-2

3.5 Suppressing Radar Interference .... 3-3

3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth ...................... 3-4

3.7 Guard Alarm ................................... 3-4

3.8 Watchman ...................................... 3-5

3.9 Displaying Navigation Data............ 3-6

3.10 OTHER MENU Description.......... 3-7

3.11 Function Controls ......................... 3-8

3.12 Suppressing Noise ....................... 3-8

3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers..... 3-8

3.14 Outputting Target Position............ 3-8

3.15 Dead Sector ................................. 3-8

4. FALSE ECHOES

4.1 Multiple Echoes.............................. 4-1

4.2 Side-lobe Echoes ........................... 4-1

4.3 Indirect Echoes .............................. 4-2

4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors............. 4-2

4.5 SART (Search and Rescue

Transponder) ................................. 4-5

5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

5.1 Preventive Maintenance................. 5-1

5.2 Replacing the Fuse ........................ 5-1

5.3 T roubleshooting.............................. 5-2

5.4 Self Test.......................................... 5-3

5.5 Life Expectancy of Magnetron........ 5-3

6. OPERATION OF ARP-10 (OPTION)

6.1 General .......................................... 6-2

6.2 ARP-10 MENU Operation .............. 6-2

6.3 Acquiring T argets............................ 6-4

6.4 Displaying Target Data ................... 6-5

6.5 Mode and Length of Vectors .......... 6-6

6.6 Past Position Display...................... 6-6

6.7 Operational Warnings..................... 6-6

SPECIFICATIONS ................ SP-1

INDEX .....................................IN-1

Declaration of Conformity

(MODEL 1932 MARK-2)

Declaration of Conformity

(MODEL 1942 MARK-2)

MENU TREE

MENU KEY

RINGS (Off, 1, 2, 3, max) EBL OFFSET (Off, On) SHIFT (Off, On) ZOOM (Off, On) MODE (HU, CU, NU, TM) DISP DATA ECHO TRAIL (Off, On) ECHO STRTCH (Off, ES1, ES2) ARP-10 MENU OTHER MENU

Panel Dimmer (1, 2, 3, 4)

1. Mark Brill (1, 2, 3, 4)

2. HD Mark (1, 2, 3, 4)

3. Characters (1, 2, 3, 4)

4. Trail Tone (Single, Multi)

5. Int Reject (Off, 1, 2, 3)

6. Pulselength (Short, Long)

7. Noise Reject (Off, On)

8. Trail Time

9. (15S, 30S, 1M, 3M, 6M, 15M, 30M, Cont) Tune (Auto, Manu)

10. Disp Data (Off, Nav, ARP, All)

11. WPT Mark (Off, On)

12. EBL Ref (Rel, True)

13. VRM Unit (nm, km, sm)

14. Watchman (Off, 5M, 10M, 20M)

15. STBY DISP (Norm, Econo, Nav)

16. Guard Mode (In, Out)

17. Own Position (L/L, TD)

18. Cursor Posi (B/R, L/L)

19. Alm Sense LV (Low, Mid, High)

20. Dead Sector (Off, On)

21. Range

22. (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, Self Test

23. Installation Setup

24.

: Defaut settings

(Options)

1. Display

2. All Cancel

3. Vector ref

4. Vector Length

5. History

6. CPA SET

7. TCPA SET

8. AUTO ACQ

36, 48) :1932 M2 36, 48, 64) :1942 M2

Nav Talker (All, GPS, LC)

Depth Unit (m, fa, ft)

Temp Unit (¡C, ¡F)

Hdg Sensor (Magnet, Gyro)

Key Beep (Off, On)

Scan Stop (Rotate, Stop)

Dead Sector

Tune/Video Adjustment

Heading Alignment

10.

Sweep Timing Adjustment

11.

MBS Adjustment

12.

Ant Height (Low, Mid, High)

13.

STC Curve (Sharp, Std, Gntl)

14.

Ope Mode (Master, Slave)

15.

Hours in Use

16.

TX Hours

TABLE OF CONTENTS BY

INDICATION, MARKER

Echo trail elapsed time (P.3-3)

Heading (requires heading data)

Range (P.2-3) Range ring interval (P.2-3)

Pulselength (P.2-3) Display mode (P.3-1)

Cursor (P.2-5, 2-6)

Guard zone area (P.3-5)

EBL1 (P.2-6)

VRM1 (P.2-5)

Heading marker (P.2-5)

. 125

0625

SP HU

HDG 234.5¡

TRAIL

25 : 38

AUTO

30M

G (OUT)

ZOOM

ES1

OFFCENTER

Tuning indicator (P.3-7)

Echo trail time (P.3-3)

Guard Zone (P.3-4) Zoom (P.2-8) Echo Stretch (P.3-2)

Off center (P.2-7)

EBL2 (P.2-6)

Range ring (P.2-3, 2-5)

VRM2 (P.2-5)

A/C AUTO (P.2-4)

EBL1 bearing (P.2-6) EBL2 bearing (P.2-6)

A/C AUTO EBL

345.6 R

23.0 R

Cursor bearing (P.2-6)

Cursor range (P.2-5)

13.5 R¡

0.142NM

North marker (P.2-5)

IR2

VRM

0.048NM

0.100NM

Interference rejector (P.3-3)

VRM1 range (P.2-5)

VRM2 range (P.2-5)

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Scanner Unit

MODEL 1932 MARK-2 XN10A-RSB-0070-064 (24 rpm) XN10A-RSB-0073-064 (48 rpm)

MODEL 1942 MARK-2 XN12A-RSB-0070-059 (24 rpm) XN12A-RSB-0073-059 (48 rpm)

Navigation

IEC 61162* (In/Out)

device

Video Sounder

Gyrocompass

*Equivalent to NMEA 0183

IEC 61162* (In/Out)

Gyro Converter

AD-100

Integrated Heading

Sensor PG-1000

: Option : Local Supply

Display Unit

RDP-118

Auto Plotter

ARP-10

(24 rpm only)

12 VDC: 10A 24/32 VDC: 5A

12/24/32 VDC

Radar Plotter

RP-110

Remote Display FMD-811/1800

External Alarm Buzzer OP03-21

Rectifier RU-3423

115/230 VAC

Note: Even though the display unit meets waterproof standard IPX-5, the connection of external buzzer, radar plotter and/or remote display can af fect waterproofness. W atertight integrity cannot be guaranteed. When these modification has been done, the display unit should not be mounted where exposed.

vii

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.1 What is Radar?

The term “RADAR” is an acronym meaning Radio Detection And Ranging. Although the basic principles of radar were developed during World War II, echoes as an aid to navigation is not a new development.

1.2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar

Before the invention of radar, when running in fog near a rugged shoreline, ships would sound a short blast on their whistles, fire a shot, or strike a bell. The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the echo indicated how far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore. The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the relative bearing of the shore.

1.3 How Radar Determines Range

1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing

The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the radar scanner is pointing when it emits an electronic pulse and then receives a returning echo. Each time the scanner rotates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle, each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one. Therefore, if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out, one knows the direction from which the echo must return.

1.5 Radar Wave Speed and Scanner Rotation Speed

Note that the speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is extremely fast compared to the speed of rotation of the scanner. By the time radar echoes have returned to the scanner, the amount of scanner rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small.

Radar determines the distance to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission of a radar signal and the reception of the reflected echo. It is a known fact that radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of 162,000 nautical miles per second. Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the distance to the target. Note that the echo makes a complete round trip, but only half the time of travel is needed to determine the one-way distance to the target. This radar automatically takes this into account in making the range calculation.

1.6 The Radar Display

The range and bearing of a target is displayed on what is called a Plan Position Indicator (PPI). This display is essentially a polar diagram, with the transmitting ship’s position at the center. Images of target echoes are received and displayed at their relative bearings, and at their distance from the PPI center.

With a continuous display of the images of targets, the motion of the transmitting ship is also displayed.

1-1

Targets

Heading marker

Range and bearing of a target, relative to own ship, are

readable on the PPI.

Own ship (radar)

(A) Bird's eye view of situation

Figure 1-1 How radar works

Own ship in center

(B) Radar picture of (A)

1-2

2.1 Control Description

2. BASIC OPERATION

Requires Auto Plotter ARP-10 Brief press: Displays the data of target selected with the cursor.

Long press: Terminates plotting of the target selected with the cursor.

Opens/closes menus. Selects

EBL1/EBL2/VRM1/VRM2. Control:

Adjusts sensitivity. Switch:

Temporarily erases heading marker (and north marker if displayed).

Control: Reduces sea clutter.

Switch*: (Long press) Shifts your vessel s position to cursor location. (Brief press) Doubles size of area between your vessel and location selected by cursor.

Control: Reduces rain clutter.

Switch*: Displaces the EBL origin.

SELECT

CANCEL

RANGE

EBL/VRM SELECT

GAIN

HM-OFF

A/C SEA

A/C RAIN

ACQ

ENTER

GUARD

EBL/VRM

CONTROL

TLL

A/C AUTO

BRILL

ST BY

POWER

Omnipad Shifts cursor, VRM and EBL; selects items and options on menu.

(1) Acquires the target selected

with the ominipad. (Requires Auto Plotter ARP-10.)

(2) Registers selection on

menus.

Sets guard zone area.

Selects radar range.

Enables/erases EBL1/EBL2/EBL3/EBL4.

Outputs target position data.

Automatically reduces sea and rain clutters.

Adjusts display brilliance.

Sets radar in stand-by; transmits radar pulse.

Turns power on/off.

Lights when the economy mode is on.

*Default switch function.

Figure 2-1 Control panel

2-1

2.2 Turning the Radar On/Off

2.4 Stand-by

Press the [POWER] key to turn the radar on or off.

The control panel lights and a timer displays the time remaining for warm up of the magnetron (the device which produces radar pulses), counting down from 1:30 to 0:01.

2.3 Transmitting

After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up, STBY (Stand-By) appears at the screen center. This means the radar is now fully operational.

Press the [STBY TX] key to transmit. When transmitting, any echoes from targets

appear on the display. This radar displays echoes in eight tones of green according to echo strength.

When you won’t be using the radar for an extended period, but you want to keep it in a state of readiness, place it in stand-by by pressing the [STBY TX] key. The display shows “STBY,” navigation data, or goes into the economy mode depending on menu setting. (More on menu operation later.)

Economy mode

The CRT can be set to automatically turn itself off when in stand-by, to reduce power consumption. This feature is called the “economy mode.” Power consumption in the economy mode is 28 W. When the economy mode is on, the lamp next to the [POWER] key lights.

Navigation data display during stand-by

If a navigation aid inputs navigation data to this radar in IEC 61162 format, navigation data can be displayed during stand-by. You can turn the navigation data display on/off through the menu. Figure 2-2 shows a typical navigation data display during stand-by.

Speed

Depth

TO Waypoint bearing

Time-to-go to TO Waypoint

Bearing to TO Waypoint

Range to TO Waypoint

SPEED

10.5

DEPTH TEMPERATURE

Heading

XTE

125

WPT TTG 01:08

BRG RNG

LAT 30°00.00N LON 135°00.00E

HDG

092.5°

CRS 180.0°M

45.0° M

12.0NM

OWN SHIP

TD 36378.1

59096.4

XTE

R 0.3NM

TRIP

000.3 nm

+17.3

ST-BY

°C

XTE

Figure 2-2 Typical navigation data display

during stand-by

Time-to-go to Stand-by Trip distance since power on

Temperature

Course

Ship's position in latitude and longitude and Loran TDs

Cross Track Error Mark " " shows

direction and amount of error.

2-2

Note1: Availability of a particular display item

depends on incoming data.

2.7 Adjusting Receiver Sensitivity

Note2: When Range to Waypoint reaches 0.1

nm, the WPT marker jumps to dead ahead even though a difference may exist between heading and BRG to WPT.

Note3: When cross track error exceeds 1 nm on either side, the XTE mark starts blinking.

2.5 Selecting the Range

The range selected automatically determines the range ring interval, the number of range rings, pulselength and pulse repetition rate, for optimal detection capability in short to long ranges.

Y ou can select which ranges and pulselength (for 1.5 and 3 mile ranges) to use through the menu. The range, range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left-hand corner of the display.

The [GAIN] control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver. It works in precisely the same manner as the volume control of a broadcast receiver, amplifying the signals received.

The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If you set up for too little sensitivity, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.

T o adjust receiver sensitivity , transmit on long range, and adjust the [GAIN] control so background noise is just visible on the screen.

2.8 Adjusting the A/C SEA Control

To select a range;

Press the [- RANGE +] key. The range and range ring interval appear at the top left corner of the display.

Tips for selecting the range

¡ When navigating in or around crowded

harbors, select a short range to watch for possible collision situations.

¡ If you select a lower range while on open

water, increase the range occasionally to watch for vessels that may be heading your way.

2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance

The [BRILL] key adjusts the brilliance of the radar picture in sixteen levels. The current level momentarily appears on the screen whenever the [BRILL] key is pressed.

(reducing sea clutter)

Echoes from waves can be troublesome, covering the central part of the display with random signals known as “sea clutter.” The higher the waves, and the higher the scanner above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter appears on the display as many small echoes which might affect radar performance. (See the left-hand figure in Figure 2-3.) When sea clutter masks the picture, adjust the [A/C SEA] control to reduce the clutter.

How the A/C SEA control works

The [A/C SEA] control reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter is the greatest) and progressively increases amplification as the range increases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.

2-3

Adjusting the A/C SEA control

2.9 Adjusting the A/C RAIN

The proper setting of the A/C SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable.

If the control is set too low, targets will be hidden in the clutter , while if it is set too high, both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display. In most cases adjust the control until clutter has disappeared to leeward, but a little is still visible windward.

1. Confirm that the sensitivity is properly adjusted, and then transmit on short range.

2. Adjust the [A/C SEA] control so small targets are distinguishable but some clutter remains on the display.

Control (reducing rain clutter)

The vertical beamwidth of the scanner is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the scanner will also detect rain clutter (rain, snow , hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal targets. Figure 2-4 shows the appearance of rain clutter on the display.

Adjusting A/C RAIN

When rain clutter masks echoes, adjust the [A/C RAIN] control. This control splits up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier.

Sea clutter at

display center

A/C SEA control adjusted;

sea clutter suppressed.

Figure 2-3 How to adjust the A/C SEA

control

Tip for adjusting the A/C SEA

A common mistake is to over-adjust the circuit so all the clutter is removed. As an example set up for maximum A/C SEA. Y ou will see how the center of the display becomes dark. This dark zone can be dangerous (targets may be missed), especially if the sensitivity is not properly adjusted. Always leave a little clutter visible on the display to be sure weak echoes will not be suppressed. If there is no clutter visible on the display , turn off the circuit.

CAUTION

Appearance of

rain clutter

A/C RAIN control adjusted;

rain clutter suppressed.

Figure 2-4 Effect of A/C RAIN

Note: In addition to reducing clutter , the [A/C RAIN] control can be used in fine weather to clarify the picture when navigating in confined waters. However , with the circuit activated the receiver is less sensitive. Therefore, turn off the circuit when its function is not required.

Automatic adjustments of A/C SEA and A/C RAIN

Push the [A/C AUTO] key. “A/C AUTO” appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display when the A/C AUTO circuit is on. Y ou can fine tune by adjusting the [A/C SEA], [A/ C RAIN] and [GAIN] controls.

2-4

Turn off the A/C SEA control when its use is not required; the control can erase weak targets.

2.10 Erasing the Heading

Measuring range by VRM

Marker, North Marker

The heading marker or north marker (available with gyrocompass connection) may occasionally mask a target. To view the target, you can temporarily erase the heading marker and north marker by pressing and holding down the [GAIN (HM OFF)] control. Release the control to re-display the markers.

Heading marker

North marker

Figure 2-5 Heading marker and north marker

2.11 Measuring the Range

Y ou can measure the range to a target three ways: by the range rings, by the cursor, and by the VRM (Variable Range Marker).

1. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to circumscribe a VRM readout (at the bottom right-hand corner). Each press of the key selects the readout of EBL1, EBL2, VRM1 or VRM2 in that order.

EBL

345.6°R

23.0°R

VRM

5.3°NM

12.5°NM

Figure 2-6 Display bottom, showing

location of EBL and VRM readouts

2. Press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key to enable control of the VRM by the omnipad.

3. Operate the omnipad to place the outside edge of the VRM on the inside edge of the target. The omnipad must be operated within five seconds after pressing the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key , otherwise the VRM cannot be operated.

4. Check the VRM readout at the bottom right-hand corner of the display to find the range to the target.

5. T o anchor the VRM, press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.

To erase the VRM, press and hold down the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key about two seconds.

Measuring range by range rings

Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring.

Measuring range by cursor

Operate the omnipad to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the target echo. The range to the target, as well as the bearing, appears at the bottom of the display .

Range

Range ring

interval

Target Cursor

Cursor range

6.0 NM

2.0

4.0 NM

VRM

4.0 NM

3.0 NM

VRM1

VRM2

VRM1 range

VRM2 range

Figure 2-7 Measuring range by the cursor,

range rings and VRM

Note: You can display the range readout of the VRM and cursor in nautical miles, statute miles or kilometers. For details see the next chapter.

2-5

2.12 Measuring the Bearing

There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target: by the cursor, and by the EBL (Electronic Bearing Line).

Measuring bearing by cursor

Operate the omnipad to bisect the target with the cursor intersection. The bearing to the target appears at the bottom of the display.

Note: The bearing readout for the EBL andthe cursor can be displayed in relatiive or true bearing (true bearing requires heading sensor input). For north up and course up display modes the bearing reference is always true. For details see the next chapter.

Tips for measuring bearing

¡ Bearing measurements of smaller targets

are more accurate; the center of larger target pips is not as easily identified.

Measuring bearing by EBL

1. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to circumscribe an EBL readout (at the bottom left-hand corner). Each press of the key selects the readout of EBL1, EBL2, VRM1 or VRM2 in that order.

2. Press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key to enable control of the EBL by the omnipad.

3. Operate the omnipad to bisect the target with the EBL. The omnipad must be operated within five seconds after pressing the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key , otherwise the EBL cannot be operated.

4. Check the EBL readout at the bottom lefthand corner of the display to find the bearing to the target.

5. To anchor the EBL, press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.

To erase the EBL and its readout, press and hold down the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key about two seconds.

6.0 NM

2.0

Target

Cursor

EBL1

¡ Bearings of stationary or slower moving

targets are more accurate than bearings of faster moving targets.

¡ To minimize bearing errors keep echoes

in the outer half of the picture by changing the range scale; angular difference becomes difficult to resolve as a target approaches the center of the display.

2.13 Using the Offset EBL

The offset EBL provides two functions: predict collision course of a radar target and measure the range and the bearing between two targets.

Predicting collision course

1. Operate the omnipad to place the cursor on the center of the target.

2. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to choose the EBL1 readout, and then press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.

3. Press the [MENU] key, select EBL OFFSET from the menu, and then press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

EBL2

Cursor bearing

EBL1 bearing EBL1 bearing

EBL

40.0° R

135.0° R

40.0°R 4.0 NM

Figure 2-8 How to measure bearing by EBL

and cursor

2-6

4. Press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.

5. Oparate the omnipad so EBL1 passes through the center of the target.

If the target tracks along the EBL towards the center of the display (your vessel’s position), the target may be on a collision course.

To cancel the offset EBL, select EBL OFFSET from the menu and press the [ACQ/ ENTER] key.

EBL1 origin

Cursor Cursor

2 Press [F1] to offcenter display.

1 Pleace cursor where desired.

(initial position

of target)

Target moved

here.

6.0 NM

2.0

VRM1

Offset EBL (EBL1)

EBL1

VRM1

EBL1

bearing

EBL

70.0° R

VRM

6.0 NM

VRM1 range

Figure 2-9 Predicting collision course by

using the offset EBL

Measuring range and bearing between two targets

The procedure which follows shows how to measure the range and bearing between target “A” and target “B” in Figure 2-10.

1. Operate the omnipad to place EBL1’s origin (cursor) on the center of target “A.”

2. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to choose the EBL1 readout and then press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.

3. Press the [MENU] key, select EBL OFFSET from the menu, and then press the [ACQ/ENTER] key . EBL1’s origin shifts to cursor location.

4. Press the [EBL/VRM CONTROL] key.

5. Operate the omnipad to bisect target “B” with EBL1. Check the EBL1 readout to find the bearing between target “A” and target “B.”

EBL1

bearing

70.0° R

VRM

4.5 NM

VRM1 range

Figure 2-10 Measuring the range and

bearing between two targets by using the

offset EBL

2.14 Offcentering the Picture

Your vessel’s position can be offcentered to 75% of the range in use to view the situation around your vessel without changing the range or size of targets.

1. Press the omnipad to set the cursor where desired.

2. Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control if its function is set for SHIFT (default setting), or select SHIFT from the menu. OFFCENTER appears at the top right corner of the display when the picture is offcentered.

6. Press the [EBL/VRM SELECT] key to choose the VRM1 readout. Operate the omnipad to place the outside edge of VRM1 on the inside edge of target “B.” Check the VRM1 readout to find the range between target “A” and target “B.”

7. T o cancel the offset EBL, select EBL OFFSET from the menu, and then press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

Figure 2-11 Offcentering the picture

Cancelling offcentered picture

Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control (if function is SHIFT).

2-7

2.15 Zoom

The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area between your vessel and any location within the current range to take a closer look at an area of interest.

1. Select location with the cursor.

2. Press and hold down the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control about two seconds if its function is set for ZOOM (default setting), or select ZOOM from the menu. Zoom appears at the top right corner when the ZOOM function is on.

Cursor

Place cursor where desired.

Press [F1] to zoom.

Figure 2-12 Zoom function

Note: Zoom is cancelled when range or presentation mode is changed.

Cancelling zoom

Press the [F1 (A/C SEA)] control again.

2-8

3. MENU OPERATION

3.1 Basic Menu Operation

The menu mostly contains less-often used functions which once preset do not require regular adjustment. To open or close the menu, press the [MENU] key . You can select items and options from the menu with the omnipad. The complete menu appears on page v.

1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu.

SSel by omnipad & press ENT.S

RINGS

MODE

Change brill from 3 to max.

2. Press the omnipad to select item. For example, select RINGS. A message appears at the bottom of the menu window.

EBL

OFFSET

DISP DATA

SHIFT

ECHO TRAIL

ARP-10

Figure 3-1 Main menu

ZOOM

ECHO

STRTCH

OTHER MENU

3.2 Selecting the Presentation Mode

With heading sensor connection, this radar provides four presentation modes: head-up, course-up, north-up and true motion.

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Operate the omnipad to select “MODE.”

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key. The display and the display mode indication

at the top left-hand corner of the display change in the sequence of HU (heading up), CU (course up), NU (north up) and TM (true motion) when the [ACQ/ENTER] key is pressed. If there is no heading sensor connection, the display mode is always HU.

4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. Note: The radar begins operation with last

selected display mode (except course up) whenever the unit is turned on. Note however that head up is selected when course up was the last used mode.

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to select setting. Each time this key is pressed, the message changes. For the RINGS menu, the message sequence is as shown below.

Change brill from Off to 1.

Change brill from 1 to 2.

Change brill from 2 to 3.

Change brill from 3 to max.

Change brill from max to Off.

Figure 3-2 Messages for RINGS menu

Head up

The picture is oriented so the heading marker is at the top of the display . This mode is useful for navigation in congested waters.

Course up

The course up mode shows ship’s heading by the heading marker, at the top of the display . To get heading desired, steer vessel in direction desired, and then show “CU” at the top left-hand corner of the display.

4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

3-1

North up

North is at the top of the display and the heading marker moves with ship’s heading. This mode is useful for determining ship’s position and as a navigation monitor on a nautical chart. The picture is stabilized against yaw of vessel, thereby reducing smear of target echoes.

Note1: This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar interference. For this reason be sure the sea clutter and radar interference are sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch.

Note2: ES2 is not available on short range.

True motion

True motion displays own ship and moving objects in their true motion.

3.3 Magnifying Long Range Echoes (echo stretch)

Normally, the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar’s internal circuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies these small blips in all ranges. T wo types of echo stretch are available: ES1 which stretches echoes in bearing direction and ES2 which stretches them in both range and bearing directions.

3.4 Echo Trail

You can show the movement of all radar targets relative to your vessel in afterglow . This function is useful for alerting you to possible collision situations.

Starting echo trail

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.

2. Select “ECHO TRAIL” by the omnipad.

3. Select “ACTIVATE” by pressing the [ACQ/ ENTER] key.

To turn the echo stretch on or off;

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.

2. Select “ES.”

3. Each press of the [ACQ/ENTER] key changes the echo stretch function status in the sequence of ES1, ES2 and OFF. ES1 or ES2 appears at the top right-hand corner of the display when echo stretch is on.

Bearing direction

Echo stretch 1

Bearing direction

Range direction

Echo stretch 2

Figure 3-4 How the echo trail feature works

TRAIL, the echo trail time selected (on “OTHERS MENU”) and elapsed time appear at the top right-hand corner of the display. Then, afterglow starts extending from all targets.

Note: Trails are restarted when range or mode is changed or zoom or offcenter is turned on.

3-2

Figure 3-3 Echo stretch

[ OTHERS ]

Select item by omnipad

and press ENTER key.

1 . Panel Dimmer 2 . Mark Brill 3 . HD Mark 4 . Characters 5 . Trail Tone 6 . Int Reject 7 . Pulselength 8 . Noise Reject 9 . Trail Time

10. Tune

11. Disp Data

12. WPT Mark

13. EBL Ref

14. VRM Unit

15. Watchman

16. STBY Disp

17. Guard Mode

18. Own Position

19. Cursor Posi

20. Alm Sense LV

21. Dead Sector

22. Range

23. Self Test

24. Installation Setup

3 3 3 3

ARP

sm 10M Nav

Hig

4 4 4 4

All

20M

1 1 1 1

Single

Off Short

Off 15S

Auto Off Off Rel nm Off Norm In L/L R/B Low Off

1/8

1/4

4 6

2 2 2 2 Multi

1 Long

On 30S

Manu Nav On True km 5M Econo Out TD L/L Mid On

1.5

16 14

1/2

3/4

8 12

3M 6M 15M 30M Cont

2 3

*Max range 1932M2: 48 1942M2: 64

Fixed time trail

3.5 Suppressing Radar

1. When the elapsed time clock counts up to the trail time selected, the elapsed time display freezes.

2. The oldest portions of trails are erased so only the latest trail, equal in length to the trail time selected, is shown.

3. Trail continues.

For example, the one minute trail time is selected. When the elapsed time clock counts up to 60 seconds, the elapsed time display freezes at “60,” but the latest one minute of trail are erased and then trail continuous.

Continuous trail

The maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59 seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time the elapsed time display is reset to zero and trail begins again.

Interference

Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band as your radar. Its on-screen appearance is many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the display. Figure 3-5 illustrates interference in the form of curved spokes. Interference effects are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same place on successive rotations of the scanner .

Cancelling echo trail

Select “OFF (deactivate)” at “ECHO TRAIL” on the menu.

Changing trail attributes

Trail gradation and trail time can be selected on the OTHERS menu.

Table 3-1 Trail attributes

nimetI

liarT

enoT

emiTliarT

unemSREHTO

noitpircseD

ehtekiltsujemithtiw

.radar

Single

Multiple

.suounitnoc

Figure 3-5 Radar interference

Four levels of interference are available, including off; IR1, IR2, IR3 and OFF. IR3 provides the highest level of rejection.

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Select “OTHERS MENU” and press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

elgnisninwohsebnacsliarT

elpitluM.snoitadargelpitlumro

rennihtgnittegsliartstniap

IPPgolanananowolgretfa

51roftesebnacemitliarT

6,.nim3,.nim1,.ces03,.ces

ro,.nim03,.nim51,.nim

Figure 3-6 OTHERS menu

3-3

3. Select “6. Int Reject.”

Selection of guard zone type

4. Select level desired by operating the omnipad.

5. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

IR1, IR2 or IR3 appears at the bottom right corner on the display when the interference rejection circuit is turned on.

3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth

Pulsewidth is the time in microseconds necessary to transmit a single radar pulse. The longer the pulsewidth the greater the direction range capability, however range accuracy and range resolution are reduced.

Pulsewidth can be selected to short or long on the 1.5 and 3 nautical mile ranges.

The guard alarm can be set to sound when a target either enters or exits the guard zone. Y ou can select which type of guard alarm you want through the menu.

In alarm

The alarm sounds on targets entering the guard zone. “G (IN)” appears at the top righthand corner when the In alarm is selected.

Out alarm

The alarm sounds on targets exiting the guard zone. “G (OUT)” appears at the top right-hand corner when the Out alarm is selected.

Dashed line:

no alarm

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Select “OTHER MENU” and press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

3. Select “7. Pulselength.”

4. Select Short or Long by pressing the omnipad.

5. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to select.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

3.7 Guard Alarm

The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a guard zone. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc. violate the guard zone an audible alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator’s attention.

Guard

zone

IN ALARM

OUT ALARM

Figure 3-7 In and Out alarms

Selecting guard zone type

1. Press the [MENU] key, select “OTHERS MENU,” and then press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

2. Select “17. Guard Mode” and “In” (alarm on target entering zone) or “Out” (alarm on target exiting zone) by operating the omnipad.

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

4. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Setting a guard zone

CAUTION

The guard alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual lookout for possible collision situations. The alarm should never be used as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.

3-4

1. Mentally create the guard zone you want to set. Figure 3-8 shows an example.

2. Operate the omnipad to set the cursor on point A (or B). Press the [GUARD] key. “*G (IN)” or “*G (OUT),” with asterisk blinking, appears at the top right-hand corner of the display. See Figure 3-8 (2). (The asterisk indicates the guard zone is partially set.)

3. Operate the omnipad to set the cursor on point C (or D). See Figure 3-8 (3).

4. Press the [GUARD] key . The asterisk disappears. See Figure 3-8 (4).

Notes on the guard alarm

¡ The alarm is a useful anti-collision aid, but

does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual lookout for possible collision situations.

Asterisk blinking

A B

(1) Mentally create

the guard zone to set.

(4) Guard zone

completed.

Guard zone to set

G (IN)

D C

Guard zone

Drag cursor here.

(2) Drag cursor to

(3) Drag cursor to

* G (IN)

top left corner of zone and press [GUARD].

Drag cursor here.

bottom right corner of zone and press [GUARD].

Figure 3-8 How to set the guard zone

Silencing the audible alarm

G (IN)

¡ When the radar range is less than one

half of the guard zone range, the guard zone disappears and “G (IN)” or “G (OUT)” appears in inverse video. If this happens, raise range to re-display the guard zone.

¡ A target echo does not always mean a

landmass, reef, ships or surface objects but can imply returns from sea surface or precipitation. As the level of these returns varies with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes.

3.8 Watchman

The watchman function periodically transmits the radar for one minute to check for targets in a guard zone. If it finds change in the zone from the previous transmission it transmits the radar continuously . This feature is useful when you do not need the radar’s function continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a specific area.

Any radar targets violating the guard zone will trigger the audible alarm. Y ou can silence the audible alarm by pressing the [GUARD] key . When this is done, “G(ACKN)” replaces “G(IN).” This means the alarm is acknowledged. Press the key again to reactivate the alarm. Y ou may select minimum echo stregth which triggers the guard alarm. This can be done at “20, Alm Sence Lv” on the “OTHER MENU.”

Cancelling the guard zone and guard alarm

Press and hold down the [GUARD] key until the guard zone disappears.

1 min

Watchman starts.

St-by

5, 10 or 20 min

1 min

St-by

5, 10 or 20 min

Figure 3-9 How watchman works

How watchman works

When the time selected for the watchman rest period has elapsed, the radar automatically transmits for one minute to check the condition inside the guard zone. If there is no change, the radar goes into stand-by. (“WATCHMAN” appears during stand-by.) If there is change, the radar sounds the audible alarm, cancels the watchman function and transmits continuously.

3-5

HDG 234.5¡

SP HU

. 125

0625

TRAIL

30M

ZOOM

ES1

AUTO

25:38

G (OUT)

VRM

0.048NM

0.100NM

13.5 R¡

0.142NM

A/C AUTO EBL

345.6 R

23.0 R

¡ ¡

Waypoint Marker

Navigation Data

OWN SHIP 34¡ 56. 12N 135¡ 34. 56E SPD 35.0KT

WAYPOINT

0.09 NM

50.0¡M TTG 00:20

+ CURSOR 34¡ 29. 98N 136¡ 35. 77E TTG 01:00

Turning on watchman

1. Create a guard zone (usually 360 degrees) with the guard alarm function.

2. Press the [MENU] key.

3. Select “OTHERS MENU.”

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

5. Select “15. W atchman.”

6. Operate the omnipad to select watchman rest period; 5 minutes, 10 minutes or 20 minutes.

7. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

(If the navigation input includes destination data, the waypoint marker, shown by a dashed ring with a line extending from it to the screen center appears. This marker can be turned on/off the “OTHER MENU”)

To turn navigation data on or off;

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Select “DISP DATA.”

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to select the navigation display.

8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu. “WATCHMAN” appears at the top of the

screen, the radar transmits for one minute to check for targets inside the guard zone, and then the CRT shuts off and the radar goes into stand-by.

Cancelling watchman

Go into the “OTHERS” menu, and set “15. Watchman” for OFF.

Note 1: Watchman can be used without a guard zone.

Note 2: The alarm sounds just before the radar starts or stops transmitting.

3.9 Displaying Navigation Data

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Figure 3-10 Typical navigation data display

Navigation data can be displayed at the screen bottom if this radar receives navigation input in IEC 61162 format. Navigation data includes

¡ Position in latitude and longitude or Lo-

ran-C time differences

¡ Range, bearing and time-to-go to both

waypoint selected on the navigator and the cursor

¡ Speed.

3-6

3.10 OTHER MENU Description

The table below summarizes the OTHER menu.

Table 3-2 OTHER MENU Description

metInoitpircseD

.1remmiDlenaP.thgilkcablenapfolevelstceleS .2llirBkraM .rekramPWdnaenozdraug,rosruc,LBE,MRVfoecnaillirbstceleS .3kraMDH.rekramgnidaehfoecnaillirbstceleS .4*sretcarahC.sretcarahcfoecnaillirbstceleS .5enoTliarT.sliartohcefoecnaillirbstceleS .6tcejeRtnI.noitcejerecnerefretnifolevelstceleS .7htgnelesluP.segnarelim3dna5.1rofhtgneleslupstceleS .8tcejeResioN.esiontcejerot”nO“stceleS .9emiTliarT.emitliartohceehtstceleS

.01enuT.gninutlaunamrocitamotuastceleS

;yllaunamenutoT

.11ataDpsiD.yalpsidotesruosnwodehttceleS

.21kraMTPW.rekramtniopyawehtyalpsidot”nO“stceleS .31feRLBE.eurtroevitalerrofecnereferLBEstceleS .41tinUMRV .msromk,mnrofrosrucdnaMRVfotinuecnatsidstceleS .51namhctaW.fforo)doireptsertes(nonamhctawsnruT

.61psiDYBTS ro,atadnoitagivanro”YBTS“yalpsid;yb-dnatstaesuotyalpsidehttceleS

.71edoMdrauG enozdrauggniretnestegrat;mraladraugsreggirthcihwnoitidnoctceleS

.81noitisoPnwO.DTnraoLnoL/L;tamrofyalpsidnoitisoptceleS .91isoProsruC.gnol/talrogniraeb/egnarniatadrosrucehtyalpsiD

.1 .2 .3

.)V9.11~0.1(rab

.tceffe

.yek]RETNE[ehtsserP

.edomymonoceehtotniog

.dapinmoehtyb”unaM“tceleS

.gninutlaunamelbaneotyek]RETNE[ehtsserP

ehtetarepo,lortnoc]NIAG[ehtnwodgnidlohdnagnisserpelihW

rotacidnigninutehtgnivresbo,noitidnocgninuttsebniatbootdapinmo

nisigninutlaunamnehwrenrocdnah-thgirpotehttasraeppa”LAUNAM“

.)PRAdnavaNhtob(llAro,PRA,vaN;yalpsidotatadstceleS

.)tuo(enozdrauggnitixetegrat,)nI(

.02VLesneSmlA .mraladraugsreggirthcihwhtgnertsohcemaminimtceleS .12rotceSdaeD.rotcesdaedehtyalpsidot”nO“tceleS .22egnaR.esuotsegnartceleS

.32tseTfleS syalpsiddna,deepsnoitatorannetnaskcehc;MARdnaMOR,syektseT

.onmargorp

.42puteSnoitallatsnI.unemputesnoitallatsniehtotsyalpsiD

*Note: Level 1 and 2 are same brilliance while the menu is displayed. The brilliance changes after the menu is erased.

3-7

3.11 Function Controls

3.12 Suppressing Noise

The function controls (F1 and F2) work like the auto-dialing feature of a telephone, automatically executing the function assigned to them. The function can be turned off by pressing appropriate function control again.

Default settings

F1: Shift (brief press) or Zoom (long press) F2: Ring brilliance

How to register menu items

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press [A/C SEA] (F1) or [A/C RAIN] (F2) to open the function menu.

[ SETTING FOR F1 KNOB ]

SSel by omnipad & press ENT.S

SHIFT/

ZOOM

RINGS

EBL

OFFSET

MODE

SHIFT ZOOM

DISP

DATA

ECHO TRAIL

Electrical noise can be suppressed by turning on “8. NOISE REJ” on the OTHERS menu.

3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers

“2. Mark Brill” on the OTHER menu adjusts the brilliance of markers other than the heading marker.

3.14 Outputting Target Position

Radar target position data can be output to a navaid in IEC 61 162 format. Select the radar target with the cursor, and then press and hold down the [TLL] key to output the data. This function requires position data and heading signal.

INT REJECT

TRAIL

ON/OFF

GUARD

IN/OUT

PANEL

DIMMER

EBL REF

OWN

POSITN

HIS

TORY

NOISE

REJ

TRAIL

TIME

ALARM

LEVEL

MARK

BRILL

VRM

UNIT

CUSOR POSITN

COLLI

SION

PULSE

LENGTH

TRAIL

TONE

DEAD

SECTOR

CHARA

CTERS

NAV

TALKER

VECTOR

LENGTH

AUTO

ACQ

Figure 3-11 Function menu

3. Select function desired.

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

ECHO

STRTCH

TUNE

A/M

WATCH

MAN

OTHER

WPT

MARK

VECTOR

REF

FNCTN

3.15 Dead Sector

When the scanner is installed at a close distance in front of the wheelhouse the radar should be set not to transmit within that area, to prevent microwave hazard. Ask your FURUNO representative ordealer to provide this feature.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

3-8

4. FALSE ECHOES

Occasionally false echoes appear on the screen at positions where there is no target. In some cases the effects can be reduced or eliminated. The operator should familiarize himself or herself with the appearance and effects of these false echoes, so as not to confuse them with echoes from legitimate contacts.

4.1 Multiple Echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a short range, strong echo is received from a ship, bridge, or breakwater . A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown in Figure 4-1. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the sensitivity or properly adjusting the A/C SEA.

True echo

4.2 Side-lobe Echoes

Every time the scanner rotates, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam— called “side-lobes.” If a target exists where it can be detected by the side-lobes as well as the main-lobe, the side-lobe echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range, as shown in Figure 4-2. Side-lobes show usually only at short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the sensitivity or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA.

Main-lobe

Side-lobe

Sprious target

Antenna

Figure 4-2 Side-lobe echoes

True echo

Own ship

Multiple echo

Figure 4-1 Multiple echoes

4-1

4.3 Indirect Echoes

4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors

Indirect echoes may be returned from either a passing ship or returned from a reflecting surface on your own ship, for example, a stack. In both cases, the echo will return from a legitimate contact to the scanner by the same indirect path. The echo will appear on the same bearing of the reflected surface, but at the same range as the direct echo. Figure 4-3 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo. Indirect echoes may be recognized as follows:

• they usually occur in a shadow sector

• they appear on the bearing of the obstruc-

tion but at the range of the legitimate contact

• when plotted, their movements are usu-

ally abnormal, and

• their shapes may indicate they are not di-

rect echoes.

Direct path

Target

Heading marker

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of antenna may reduce the intensity of the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees a blind sector may be produced. Within the blind sector small targets at close range may not be detected while larger targets at much greater ranges may be detected. See Figure 4-4.

Indirect path

Obstruction

Scanner

Target

Bridge

Indirect echo

(mast, funnel. etc.)

Direct path

Own ship

True echo

Figure 4-3 Indirect echoes

Indirect echo

Heading marker

Figure 4-4 Blind and shadow sectors

True echo

Indirect echo

4-2

4.5 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

Showing SART marks on the radar display

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 n.miles. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaler than the original dots.

Screen A: When SART is distant

Echo of SART

24 NM

Radar antenna beamwidth

Screen B: When SART is close

1.5 NM

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

Echo of SART

To show the SART marks only on the radar display, detune the radar receiver manualy. This erases or weakens all normal radar echoes, but, the SART marks are not erased because the SART response signal scans over all frequencies in the 9 GHz band. When the radar approaches the SART in operation, the SART marks will enlarge to large arcs, blurring a large part of the screen. Reduce the sensitivity and adjust the sea clutter control of the radar.

Summary to detect SART response

1. Use range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART.

2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression.

3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.

General remarks on receiving SART

Radar range scale

When looking for a SART it is preferable to use either the 6 or 12 nautical mile range scale. This is because the total displayed length of the SART response of 12 (or 24) dots may extend approximately 9.5 nautical miles beyond the position of the SART and it is necessary to see a number of response dots to distinguish the SART from other responses.

Position of SART

Own ship's position

SART mark

9500 MHz 9200 MHz

Sweep start

length

Sweep time

7.5 95

Low speed sweep signal

High speed sweep signal

Figure 4-5 SART display

Own ship's position

Radar receiver bandwidth

Position of SART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as mush as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

4-3

5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

This chapter tells you how to keep your radar in good working order. Before reviewing this chapter please read the safety information which follows.

DANGER

Turn off the power before performing any maintenance or troubleshooting procedure.

Hazardous voltages can shock, burn or cause death. Only qualified personnel totally famillier with electrical circuits should work inside the units.

RF RADIATION HAZARD

The radar scanner emits high frequency radio radiation which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes.

Never look directly into the scanner from a distance of less than two feet when the radar is in operation as you could injure the cornea of your eyes. Always make sure the radar is set to stand-by or is turned off before starting work on the scanner unit.

5.1 Preventive Maintenance

Regular maintenance is important for good performance. Always keep the equipment as free as possible from dirt, dust, and water splashes. Make sure all screws securing the components are properly tightened.

A maintenance program should be established and should at least include the items listed in Table 5-1.

5.2 Replacing the Fuse

The fuse in the power cable protects the equipment against reverse polarity of ship's mains, overcurrent, and equipment fault. If the fuse blows, find the cause before replacing it. Never use an incorrect fuse - serious damage to the equipment may result and void the warranty.

12V: 10A fuse 24/32V: 5A fuse

Use the proper fuse.

Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment damage.

Table 5-1 Recommended maintenance program

doirePmetItniopkcehCskrameR

6ot3

shtnom

desopxE

dnastun

nostlob

tinurennacs

.dedorroc

rennacS

rotaidar

ylivaehfimehtecalpeR

denesoolrodedorrocrofkcehC

,yrassecenfI.stlobdnastun

.ylkcihtmehttniaperdnanaelc

noskcarcdnatridrofkcehC

dluohstridkcihT.ecafrusrotaidar

htolctfoshtiwffodepiweb

afI.retawhserfhtiwdenepmad

thgilsaylppa,dnuofsikcarc

rodnuopmocgnilaesfotnuoma

yraropmetasaevisehda

.riaperrofllacneht,ydemer

CAUTION

desuebyamdnuopmocgnilaeS

llamsaylppA.tniapfodaetsni

stunneewtebesaergfotnuoma

nilavomerysaerofstlobdna

.erutuf

tnevloscitsalpesutonoD

uoyfI.gninaelcrof)enoteca(

morfecievomerotdeenrennacs

roremmahnedoowaesu,tinu

nokcarC.remmahdaehcitsalp

retawesuacyamtinueht

suoiresgnisuac,ssergni

.stiucriclanretniotsegamad

shtnom6

raey1ot

tinuyalpsiD

srotcennoc

.noisorroc

dnanoitcennocthgitrofkcehC

.tnemecalperrof

relaedruoytcatnoc,dedorrocfI

5-1

5.3 Troubleshooting

Table 5-2 contains simple troubleshooting procedures which you can follow to try to restore normal operation. If you cannot restore normal operation, do not attempt to check inside any unit of the radar system. Any repair work is best left to a qualified technician.

Table 5-2 Troubleshooting table

...fI...tuB...nehT

ehtdesserpuoy

nrutotyek]REWOP[

radarehtno

sahradareht

uoydnapudemraw

ehtdesserp

otyek]XTYBTS[

timsnart

detsujdaevahuoy

C/Ahtiwniageht

AESC/AdnaNIAR

ffo

thgilton

roopsitsartnoc

erasretcarahc

detrotsid

etator

dnasretcarahc

erasnoitacidni

lamronba

raeppastegrat

dnasnoitacidni(

)odsrekram

)odstegratdna

seodlenaplortnoceht

.elbacrewopniesufkcehc•

nosraeppagnihton

yalpsidroyalpsideht

.ecivrestseuqer•

tonseodrennacseht

.ecivrestseuqeR

.tes

ronesionrehtien

ronsnoitacidnirehtien esion(raeppasrekram

.ecnaillirbehtgnitsujdayrt•

niebyammelborpeht•rennacs.tinu

-kcablenaplortnocehtgnitsujdayrt•

.unemSREHTOehtnognithgil

.degrahcsidevahyamyrettab•

ehtkcehcnaicinhcetdeifilauqaevah•

.egamadrofelbaclangiskcehc•

5-2

enillaidar(peewseht

ehtdnuoragnipeews

tonsi)yalpsid

htiwdezinorhcnys

rennacsnoitator

niegnahconsiereht

ytivitisnes

desserpsiyekasneppahgnihton.ecivrestseuqeR.ytluafebyamyek•

ehtniebyammelborpeht•rennacs

.ecivrestseuqeR.tinu

.ecivrestseuqer•

5.4 Self Test

The self test facility checks the keyboard, ROM and RAM for proper operation.

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Select “OTHER MENU”.

3. Select “23. Self T est” and press the [ACQ/ ENTER] key. The following display appears.

[ Self Test ]

Key test: Press each key and check on-screen indication lights.

ARP-10 TEST ROM OK 18590271xx RAM OK SPEED OK NAV 0.0KT COURSE OK 167.6° TRIGGER NG VIDEO NG BP OK HP OK MIN-HIT 0003 SCAN-TIME 0854 MAN-ACQ 00 AUTO-ACQ 00 FE-DATA1 0000 FE-DATA2 0000

6. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to check the display circuit. The following pattern should appear.

Figure 5-2 Test pattern

7. To return to the Self T est menu, press the [MENU] key.

8. To escape from the self test, press the [MENU] key.

Program No.: 0359146-1XX ROM : OK RAM : OK Hours in use: 000006.9H Tx hours : 000001.1H

Version no. 11 and after is available with MARK-2 series.

Figure 5-1 Self test screen

4. The ROM and RAM are automatically checked. If NG (No Good) appears to the right of ROM or RAM indication, contact your dealer for advice. ARP-10 TEST results appear only when optional ARP-10 board is mounted.

5. T o check the keyboard, press any key except [ACQ/ENTER] and [POWER] keys. The pressed key's on-screen location lights in black while the key is pressed, if the key is operating properly.

5.5 Life Expectancy of Magnetron

The following table shows the life expectancy of the magnetrons.

Table 5-3 Life expectancy of magnetrons

ledoMepyT.onedoCycnatcepxeefiL

2M23911753E725-731-000sruoh000,3-000,2 2M24919835GM641-531-000

)yb-dnatsgnidulcnI(

5-3

6. OPERATION OF ARP-10 (OPTION)

WARNING

No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

• This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquired radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of this auto plotter meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15–30 seconds for high relative speed; 30–60 seconds for low relative speed.

Display accuracy is affected by the following:

• Echo intensity

• Radar transmission pulsewidth

• Radar bearing error

• Gyrocompass error

• Course change (own ship or target)

This ARPA board is not available with 42 rpm radar.

NOTICE

Heading data required for plotting function.

6-1

6.1 General

MENU: opens/closes the main menu.

The Auto Plotter ARP-10 is an optional circuit board which is accommodated in the display unit of this radar (24 rpm only) radars. It requires heading data to function.

The Auto Plotter permits manual or automatic acquisition and automatic tracking of up to 10 radar targets. An internal microprocessor calculates target data such as speed and course and displays the results in alphanumeric data and by vector. To ensure the reliability of the displayed target data, the radar must be properly adjusted for minimum sea returns and noise.

Principal specifications

Acquisition and tracking

• Acquisition of up to 10 targets between

0.2 and 16 nm.

• Automatic tracking of up to 10 acquired targets between 0.1 and 16 nm.

SELECT/CANCEL:

A long press terminates plotting of the target selected with the cursor, and a brief press displays the data of the target selected with the cursor .

ACQ/ENTER: Acquires the target selected

with the cursor.

6.2 ARP-10 MENU Operation

The ARP-10 MENU contains the following items.

Display: Turns on/off the plot symbols, past

positions and target data.

All Cancel: Cancels the tracking of all

targets.

Vector Ref: Selects relative or true vectors.

To select your choice, open the ARP-10 menu. Select “3 Vector Ref” to Relative or Ture, and then, press the [ACQ/ENTER] key .

Vectors

Vector length: 30 s, 1, 3, 6, 15, 30 min. Orientation: True velocity or relative ve-

locity

Past positions: 5 past positions at intervals

of 15, 30 s, 1, 2, 3, 6 min.

Alarm: Visual and audible alarms

against targets violating CP A/ TCPA limits, Visual alarm against lost targets

Target discrimination: A target measuring about 800 m or more in the radial or circumferential direction is regarded as a landmass and not acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller than about 800 m are regarded as true targets.

Keys used for auto plotter

The ARP-10 uses the following touchpad keys. Given below is a brief description of these keys.

Vector Length: Selects vector time. History: Selects past position plot interval. CPA Set: Selects CPA alarm limit. When a

target is predicted to come within this limit, an audible alarm sounds and at the same time the corresponding target symbol changes to a blinking triangle.

Note: If the preset CPA limit is set at OFF, a target which is on collision course will not produce an alarm.

TCPA Set: Selects TCPA alarm limit. Auto ACQ: Turns on/off Auto Acquisition Area.

Activating the auto plotter

To activate the Auto Plotter, follow the steps shown below .

1. Adjust the GAIN, A/C SEA and A/C RAIN controls for proper radar picture.

2. Press the [MENU] key to open the main menu.

6-2

3. Select “ARP-10 MENU.”

5. Select the menu item “1. Display.”

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to display the ARP menu.

[ ARP MENU ]

Select item by omnipad

and press ENTER key.

1. Display 2 . All Cancel 3 . Vector Ref 4 . Vector Length

5 . History 6 . CPA Set 7 . TCPA Set 8 . Auto ACQ

Off On Rel True

30S IM 3M 6M 15M 30M

Off 15S 30S 1M

2M 3M 6M

Off 0.5 1nm 2nm

3nm 5 nm 6nm

30S 1M 2M 3M

4M 5M 6M 12M

Off On

Figure 6-1 ARP Menu

Target under auto tracking but not selected for cursor data reading

6. Select “On.”

7. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

8. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Deactivating the auto plotter

To deactivate the Auto Plotter;

1. Open the “ARP-10 MENU.”

2. Select the “1. Display.”

5. Select “Off.”

6. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

7. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Target Full Mark

Lost Target

AUTO TARGET

FULL

A/C AUTO EBL

345.6 R

23.0 R

TRUE VECTOR 15 MIN

HDG 234.5

13.5 R

BEARING 42.5°T RANGE 5.36 NM CPA 2 NM

0.142NM

AUTO

TRAIL

25:38

30M

G (OUT)

ZOOM

ES1

VRM

0.048NM

0.100NM

COURSE 287.8°T SPEED 12.5 KT TCPA 12:35

Target selected for data reading

Auto Acquisition Area

Threatening target

Auto Plotter Data Area

Figure 6-2 ARPA display

6-3

6.3 Acquiring Targets

Manual acquisition

Follow the steps below to manually acquire a target. Up to 10 targets can be manually acquired.

1. Place the cursor (+) on a target of interest by operating the omnipad.

2. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

The plot symbol changes its shape according to the status as below. A vector appears in about one minute after acquisition indicating the target's motion trend. If the target is consistently detected for three minutes, the plot symbol changes to a solid mark. If acquisition fails, the target symbol blinks and disappears shortly thereafter .

SQUARE (dotted)

Immediately after acquisition - Plot symbol shown in broken lines.

SQUARE (dotted with a vector)

One minute after acquisition - Vector still unreliable.

CIRCLE (Solid with a vector)

Note 3: When the auto acquisition mode

(Auto ACQ) is on, up to five targets can be acquired. For details, see next section titled Automatic Acquisition.

CAUTION

When a tracked target nears another tracked target, the targets may be "swapped." When two targets come close to each other, one of the two can become a "lost target." Should this happen, reacquisition of the "lost target" is required after the two targets have separated.

Automatic acquisition

The Auto Plotter ARP-10 can acquire up to five targets automatically by setting the Auto Acquisition area predefined in the system. If Auto ACQ is selected after more than five targets have been manually acquired, only the remaining capacity of targets can be automatically acquired. (For example; when seven targets are acquired manually, and then the Auto ACQ is switched on only three targets can be acquired automatically .) When five targets have been automatically acquired, "AUTO TARGET FULL" message appears at top left corner on the display.

3 minutes after acquisition - Plot symbol changes to a solid circle indicating the stable tracking condition.

LARGE CIRCLE

The plot symbol of a target under tracking becomes twice as large as the normal symbol when the target is selected for data reading.

Note 1: The target to be acquired should be within 0.2 to 16 nm from own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter for successful acquisition.

Note 2: When you want to acquire 11th target, cancel tracking of the one of less important targets.

Setting auto acquisition area

Auto acquisition area is predefined between

2.0 and 2.5 nm in range and 45° on either side of the heading marker in bearing. If a target come into this area, it is acquired automatically.

Figure 6-3 Auto acquisition area

6-4

Follow the steps shown below to activate the

CAUTION

auto acquisition area.

1. Open the “ARP-10 MENU.”

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. Select “8. Auto ACQ.”

3. Select “On.”

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Terminating Tracking of Targets

When the Auto Plotter has acquired 10 targets, no more acquisition occurs unless targets are lost. Should this happen, cancel tracking of individual targets or all targets by the procedure described below.

Individual targets

Place the cursor (+) on a target which you do not want to be tracked any longer by operating the omnipad and press and hold down the [SELECT/CANCEL] key.

All targets

All targets can be canceled from "ARP-10 MENU" at a time.

CAUTION

At the speed under 5 kts the target data is displayed with a delay because of filtration.

Place the cursor on a wanted target and press the [SELECT/CANCEL] key . Data on the selected target is displayed at the bottom of the screen. The symbol of the selected target gets twice as large as the normal circle. The data includes the following:

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to the last-plotted or selected target position with suffix “T” (True) or “M” (Magnetic). For true bearings suffix “T” is used in case of gyrocompass input and suffix “M” is used in case of magnetic compass input.

COURSE/SPEED (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the last-plotted or selected target with suffix “T” (True) or “M” (Magnetic). For true bearings suffix “T” is used in case of gyrocompass input and suffix “M” is used in case of magnetic compass input.

1. Open the “ARP-10 MENU.”

2. Select “2. All Cancel.”

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

6.4 Displaying Target Data

The Auto Plotter calculates motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCP A) of all targets under tracking at the ARP Data area.

To turn ARP data on;

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Select “DISP DATA.”

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key to select the message for “ARP” or “NAV” or “ARP.”

CPA (Closest Point of Approach): is the closest range a target will approach to own ship. Do not mix it with the operator preset CPA alarm limit.

TCPA: The time to CPA measured with present speeds of own ship and the targets. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically calculated. When a target ship has passed clear of own ship, the CPA is displayed and the TCP A appears as “**.*”. TCPA is counted up to 99.9 min. and beyond this it is indicated as TCP A>99.9 min.

6-5

6.5 Mode and Length of

6.7 Operational Warnings

Vectors

True or relative vector (vector mode)

Target vectors are displayed relative to own ships reading (Relative) or with reference to North (True). Own ship does not have a vector in relative mode.

V ector length

From the ARP-10 MENU, Vector Length can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes and the selected vector time is indicated on the screen.

The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vector length to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

6.6 Past Position Display

There are two main situations which cause the ARP-10 to trigger visual and audible alarms:

• CPA/TCPA alarm

• Lost target alarm

CPA/TCPA alarm

CAUTION

The CPA/TCPA alarm feature should never be relied upon as a sole means for detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is not relieved of the responsibility to keep visual lookout for avoiding collisions, whether or not the radar or other plotting aid is in use.

Visual and audible alarm are generated when the predicted CPA and TCPA of any target become less than their preset limits. The audible alarm continues for 10 seconds.

The Auto Plotter displays equally time-spaced dots (maximum five dots) marking the past positions of any targets being tracked.

If a target changes its speed, the spacing will be uneven. If it changes course, its plotted course will not be a straight line in TM mode.

To turn past position display an or off do the following:

1. Open the ARP-10 menu.

2. Select History.

3. Select plot enterval among 15, 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3 or 6 minutes. Select OFF to erose the past position display.

4. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

5. Press the [MENU] key.

The ARP-10 continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each tracked target to own ship.

When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CP A alarm range and its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, the ARP-10 releases an audible alarm. In addition, the target plot symbol changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector . The flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector remain on the screen until the dangerous situation is no longer present or you intentionally terminate tracking of the target by using the [SELECT/CANCEL] key.

Provided that this feature is used correctly , it will help prevent the risk of collision by alerting you to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the Auto Plotter is set up so that it can track targets effectively.

6-6

CP A/TCP A alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

Follow the steps shown below to set the CP A/ TCP A alarm ranges:

1. Open the “ARP-10 MENU.”

2. On the “CPA Set” line, select a CPA limit desired. (Off, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 nm)

3. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

4. On the “TCPA Set” line, select a TCPA limit desired. (30s, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12M)

5. Press the [ACQ/ENTER] key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Lost target alarm

When the system detects a loss of a tracked target, the target symbol becomes a flashing diamond.

6-7

SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR

MODEL 1932/1942 MARK-2

1. GENERAL

(1) Indication System PPI Da ylight display, ra ster scan, 8 tones in monochrome (2) Range, Puls elength (PL ) & Pu lse Repeti tion Rate (PRR)

Range (nautical miles) PL PRR 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 SP 2100 Hz 0.08 µs MP 1200 Hz 0.3 µs LP 600 Hz* 0.8 µs

*550 Hz on 48 nm range or more

Maximum Range; MODEL 1932 M2: 48 nm, MODEL 1942 M2: 64 nm (3) Range Res olu tion 20 m (4) Bearing Discrimination 1.9º (5) Minimu m R ange 25 m (0.25 NM ra nge) (6) Bear ing Accuracy Within 1º (7) Bearing Resolution 4º (8) R ange Ring Accur acy 0.9 % of range or 8 m, whic hever is t he great er

2. SCANNER UNIT

(1) R adia tor Slot ted waveguide arra y (2) Polarization Horizontal (3) Ant enna Rot ati on Speed 24 rpm or 48 r pm nominal (4) Radiator Length M1932M2: 100 cm (XN10A), M1942M2: 120 cm (XN12A) (5) Horizontal Beamwidth M1932M2: 2.4°, M1942M2: 1.9° (6) Vertical Beamwidth M1932M2: 27°, M1942M2: 22° (7) Sidelobe Attenuation Within ±20° of main- l obe: less t han -24 dB Outside ±20° of main-lobe: less t han -30 dB

3. TRANSCEIVER MODULE

(1) Frequency 9410 MHz ±30MHz (X band) (2) Modulation P0N (3) Peak Output Power M1932M2: 4 kW nominal, M1942M2: 6 kW nominal (4) Modulat or FET Switching Method (5) Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz (6) Tuning Automa tic or manual (7) Receiver Front End MIC (Micr owave IC)

SP - 1

(8) Bandwidth Tx pulselength 0.08 µs and 0.3 µs: 25 MHz Tx pulselength 0.8 µs: 3 MHz (9) Duplexer Circulator with diode limiter

4. DISPLAY UNIT

(1) Indication System PPI Daylight display, raster scan, 8 tones in monochrome (2) Picture Tube 10 inch rectangular monochrome CRT effective display area more than 150 mm (3) Range, Range Interval, Number of Rings

Range (NM) 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 Ring Interval (NM) 0.0625 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16

Number of Rings 2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 Maximum Range; MODEL 1932 M2: 48 nm, MODEL 1942 M2: 64 nm (4) Markers Heading Line, Bearing Scale, Range Rings,

Variable Range Marker (VRM1, VRM2), Electronic Bearing Line (EBL1, EBL2), Tuning Bar, Cursor, Parallel Cursor, Alarm Zone, Waypoint Mark (navigation input required),

North Mark (heading sensor input required) (5) Alphanumeric Indications Range, Range Ring Interval, Pulselength (SP, MP, LP), Display Mode (HU,CU,NU,TM), Interference Rejection (IR1,IR2,IR3), VRM (1, 2), EBL (1, 2), Automatic A/C SEA (A/C AUTO), Stand-by (ST-BY), Radar Alarm (G(IN), G(OUT), G(ACKN)), Echo Stretch (ES1, ES2), Cursor Range, Bearing or L/L Position, Echo Tailing (TRAIL), Trailing Time, Trailing Elapsed Time, Navigation Data (navigation input required), Heading (HDC, heading sensor input required) (6) Input Data NMEA0183 (Ver.1.5/2.0), current loop

Own ship ’s position: GGA>RMC>RMA>GLL (accept GLL in NMEA Version 1.5 only)

Speed: RMC>RMA>VTG>VHW

Heading (True): HDT>HDG*1>HDM*1>VHW>VHW*1

Heading (Magnetic): HDM>HDG*1>HDT*1>VHW>VHW*1

Course (True): RMC>RMA>VTG

Course (Magnetic): VTG>RMC>RMA

Waypoint (Range, Bearing): RMB>BWC>BWR

Loran time difference: RMA>GLC>GTD

Water depth: DPT>DBT>DBK>DBS

SP - 2

Water temperature: MTW>MDA

Time: ZDA

Cross track error: RMB>XTE>APB

*1: calculate by magnetic drift. (7) Output Data NMEA0183 (Version1.5/2.0), RS-422

TLL (target data) and RSD

5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITI ON

(1) Ambient Temperature Scanner Unit: -25°C to +70°C Display Unit: -15°C to +55°C (2) Relative Humidity 95 % or less at +40°C (3) Waterproofing Scanner Unit: IPX6

Display Unit: IPX4

6. POWER SUPPLY & POW ER CONSUMPTION

(1) Power Supply 12/24/32 VDC (10.8 to 41.6 VDC) (2) Voltage and Current 24rpm: 12 VDC/7.5A, 24VDC/3.8A, 32VDC/2.8A

48rpm: 12 VDC/8.8A, 24VDC/4.4A, 32VDC/3.3A (3) Power Consumption 24rpm: 70 W to 90 W (100 kt)

48rpm: 85 W to 105 W (70 kt)

7. DIMENSIONS AND MASS

See the Outline Drawings

8. COATING COLOR

(1) Display Unit Panel: N3.0 Chassis: 2.5GY5/1.5 (2) Scanner Unit N9.5

9. COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE

(1) M1932M2

Display Unit Standard: 1.1 m Steering: 0.8 m

Scanner Unit Standard: 1.0 m Steering: 0.8 m (2) M1942M2

Display Unit Standard: 0.75 m Steering: 0.6 m

Scanner Unit Standard: 1.1 m Steering: 0.8 m

SP - 3

Index

Acquisition............................................... 6-4

A/C AUTO key ......................................... 2-4

ACQ/ENTER key..................................... 6-2

A/C RAIN control.................................... 2-4

A/C SEA control .................................... 2-3

Auto plotter.............................................. 6-2

Bearing measurement............................. 2-6

Blind sectors............................................ 4-4

Brilliance........................................... 2-3, 3-8

BRILL key................................................ 2-3

Course Up ............................................... 3-1

CPA/TCPA alarm ..................................... 6-6

Dead sector............................................. 3-8

EBL ........................................................ 2-6

Echo stretch ............................................ 3-2

Echo trail ............................................... 3-2

Economy mode ....................................... 2-2

Function controls (F1, F2) ...................... 3-8

Fuse ........................................................ 5-1

Gain control............................................. 2-3

Guard alarm .......................................... 3-4

Guard alarm sensitivity............................ 3-5

Guard key......................................... 3-4, 3-5

Guard zone ............................................. 3-4

Head up................................................... 3-1

Heading marker....................................... 2-5

Indirect echoes........................................ 4-1

Interference ........................................... 3-3

Lost target alarm ..................................... 6-7

Navigation data .............................. 2-2, 3-6

Noise ....................................................... 3-8

North marker ........................................... 2-5

North up .................................................. 3-2

OTHERS menu ..................................... 3-7

Offcenter ................................................. 2-7

Offset EBL............................................... 2-6

POWER key ............................................ 2-2

Presentation mode .................................. 3-1

Power on/off ............................................ 2-2

Program No............................................. 5-3

Pulsewidth........................................ 2-3, 3-4

Pulselength ............................................. 2-3

Range key ............................................... 2-3

Range measurement............................... 2-5

Range rings............................................. 2-5

SART....................................................... 4-2

SELECT/CHANCEL key ......................... 6-2

Self Test (keyboard, RAM, ROM) ............ 5-3

Sensitivity ................................................ 2-3

Shadow Sectors ...................................... 4-2

Side-lobe Echoes .................................. 4-1

Stand-by.................................................. 2-2

ST BY/TX key.......................................... 2-2

System configuration................................. vii

TLL key ................................................... 3-8

Trail tone ................................................. 3-3

Trail time ................................................. 3-3

Transmitting ............................................ 2-2

Troubleshooting .................................... 5-3

Vector length ........................................... 6-6

Vector mode............................................ 6-6

VRM ........................................................ 2-5

Watchman ............................................... 3-5

Magnetron ............................................. 5-3

Maintenance............................................ 5-1

Multiple Echoes....................................... 4-1

Menu tree .................................................. v

Zoom ....................................................... 2-8

IN-1

Furuno 1942 MARK-2 User Manual 2

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

FOREWORD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MENU TREE

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.1 What is Radar?

1.2 How Ships Determined Position Before Radar

1.3 How Radar Determines Range

1.4 How Radar Determines Bearing

1.6 The Radar Display

2.1 Control Description

2. BASIC OPERATION

2.2 Turning the Radar On/Off

2.4 Stand-by

2.3 Transmitting

2.7 Adjusting Receiver Sensitivity

2.5 Selecting the Range

2.6 Adjusting Picture Brilliance

2.11 Measuring the Range

2.12 Measuring the Bearing

2.13 Using the Offset EBL

2.14 Offcentering the Picture

2.15 Zoom

3. MENU OPERATION

3.1 Basic Menu Operation

3.2 Selecting the Presentation Mode

3.3 Magnifying Long Range Echoes (echo stretch)

3.4 Echo Trail

3.6 Selecting Pulsewidth

3.7 Guard Alarm

3.8 Watchman

3.9 Displaying Navigation Data

3.10 OTHER MENU Description

3.11 Function Controls

3.12 Suppressing Noise

3.13 Adjusting Brilliance of Markers

3.14 Outputting Target Position

3.15 Dead Sector

4. FALSE ECHOES

4.1 Multiple Echoes

4.2 Side-lobe Echoes

4.3 Indirect Echoes

4.4 Blind and Shadow Sectors

4.5 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

5. MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING

5.1 Preventive Maintenance

5.2 Replacing the Fuse

5.3 Troubleshooting

5.4 Self Test

5.5 Life Expectancy of Magnetron

6. OPERATION OF ARP-10 (OPTION)

6.1 General

6.2 ARP-10 MENU Operation

6.3 Acquiring Targets

6.4 Displaying Target Data

6.7 Operational Warnings

6.6 Past Position Display

Index