Furuno 1943, 1833, 1933 User Manual

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MARINE RADAR

MODEL1833/1933/1943

9-52 Ashihara-cho,9-52 Ashihara-cho,

*00080918601**00080918601*

*OME35020E00**OME35020E00*

Nishinomiya, JapanNishinomiya, Japan

Telephone :Telephone : 0798-65-21110798-65-2111 Telefax :Telefax : 0798-65-42000798-65-4200

Your Local Agent/DealerYour Local Agent/Dealer

ll rights reserved.

PUB.No.PUB.No. OME-35020OME-35020

(( HIMAHIMA ))

MODEL1833/1933/1943MODEL1833/1933/1943

Printed in JapanPrinted in Japan

FIRST EDITION :FIRST EDITION : APR.APR. 20012001

E :E : APR.APR. 30,200230,2002

* 0 0 0 8 0 9 1 8 6 0 1 ** 0 0 0 8 0 9 1 8 6 0 1 *

*OME35020E00**OME35020E00*

* O M E 3 5 0 2 0 E 0 0 ** O M E 3 5 0 2 0 E 0 0 *

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

Do not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

CAUTION

No one navigation device should ever be solely replied upon for the navigation of a vessel.

Always confirm position against all available aids to navigation, for safety of vessel and crew.

A warning label is attached to the equipment. Do not remove the label. If the label is missing or damaged, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.

Name: Warning Label (1) Type: 86-003-1011-0 Code No.: 100-236-230

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.

Immediately turn off the power at the switchboard if the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO agent for service.

Keep heater away from equipment.

A heater can melt the equipment's power cord, which can cause fire or electrical shock.

Use the proper fuse.

Fuse rating is shown on the power cable. Use of a wrong fuse can result in damage to the equipment.

FOREWORD................................................................................................................ viii

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS........................................................................................ x

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW..................................................................................1-1

1.1 Operating Controls............................................................................................................... 1-2

1.1.1 Display unit controls................................................................................................1-2

1.1.2 Remote controller ................................................................................................... 1-5

1.2 Inserting a Chart Card..........................................................................................................1-6

1.3 Turning the Unit On/Off........................................................................................................ 1-7

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Brilliance Boost, Economy Mode ................................ 1-8

1.4.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance........................................................................... 1-8

1.4.2 Brilliance boost........................................................................................................ 1-9

1.4.3 Economy mode ....................................................................................................... 1-9

1.5 Selecting a Display ............................................................................................................1-10

1.5.1 Display modes ......................................................................................................1-10

1.5.2 Selecting a display ................................................................................................ 1-11

1.5.3 Switching control in combination screens ............................................................1-12

1.5.4 Selecting image source ........................................................................................1-13

1.6 Trackball, Cursor................................................................................................................ 1-14

1.7 Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as Destination....................................................... 1-15

1.8 Data Boxes.........................................................................................................................1-16

1.8.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key............................................................. 1-16

1.8.2 Rearranging data boxes .......................................................................................1-16

1.8.3 Temporarily erasing a data box ............................................................................ 1-16

1.9 Function Keys ....................................................................................................................1-17

1.9.1 Executing a function ............................................................................................. 1-17

1.10 Simulation Display .............................................................................................................1-18

2. RADAR OPERATION.............................................................................................2-1

2.1 Radar Display.......................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by ......................................................................................................... 2-2

2.3 Tuning .................................................................................................................................. 2-2

2.4 Adjusting the Gain................................................................................................................ 2-2

2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter........................................................................................................... 2-4

2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works .........................................................................................2-4

2.5.2 Adjusting the A/C SEA ............................................................................................ 2-4

2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter .............................................................................................2-5

2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN........................................................................................... 2-5

2.7 Range Scale.........................................................................................................................2-6

2.8 Pulselength .......................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.9 Presentation Mode...............................................................................................................2-8

2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode ............................................................................... 2-8

2.9.2 Description of presentation modes ......................................................................... 2-9

2.10 Measuring the Range......................................................................................................... 2-11

2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings ........................................................................... 2-11

2.10.2 Measuring range by cursor ................................................................................... 2-12

2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM ..................................................................................... 2-13

2.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication............................................................................ 2-14

2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes .............................................................................. 2-14

2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes.................................................................................2-14

2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes ............................................................................... 2-14

2.11 Measuring the Bearing....................................................................................................... 2-15

2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor ................................................................................2-15

2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL....................................................................................2-15

2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication ............................................................................ 2-16

2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes ..............................................................................2-16

2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes................................................................................. 2-16

2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes ............................................................................... 2-16

2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker ........................................................................... 2-16

2.13 Reducing Noise Interference .............................................................................................2-17

2.14 Rejecting Radar Interference............................................................................................. 2-18

2.15 Zoom ..................................................................................................................................2-19

2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets..................................................................................2-19

2.15.2 Zooming in on ARP, TTM targets .......................................................................... 2-19

2.16 Shifting the Picture .............................................................................................................2-20

2.16.1 Manual shift........................................................................................................... 2-20

2.16.2 Automatic shift.......................................................................................................2-21

2.17 Using the Offset EBL .........................................................................................................2-22

2.17.1 Predicting collision course..................................................................................... 2-22

2.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets .................................................2-23

2.18 Echo Trails .........................................................................................................................2-24

2.18.1 Trail time................................................................................................................ 2-24

2.18.2 Starting echo trails................................................................................................. 2-25

2.18.3 Trail gradation .......................................................................................................2-25

2.18.4 Echo trail mode .....................................................................................................2-26

2.19 Echo Stretch.......................................................................................................................2-27

2.20 Echo Averaging ..................................................................................................................2-28

2.21 Outputting TLL Data........................................................................................................... 2-29

2.22 Guard Alarm .......................................................................................................................2-30

2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone...................................................................................2-30

2.22.2 When the alarm is violated… ................................................................................ 2-31

2.22.3 Cancelling the guard alarm ................................................................................... 2-31

2.23 Watchman ..........................................................................................................................2-32

2.23.1 How watchman works ........................................................................................... 2-32

2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman....................................................................................... 2-32

2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval ...................................................................... 2-32

2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes ...................................................................................2-33

2.25 Waypoint Marker ................................................................................................................ 2-34

2.26 ARP, TTM Operation .......................................................................................................... 2-35

2.26.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM .........................................................................2-36

2.26.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP).................................................................... 2-37

iii

2.26.3 Displaying target number (ARP, TTM) .................................................................. 2-38

2.26.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets......................................................................2-39

2.26.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP) .............................................................................2-40

2.26.6 Displaying past position (ARP) ............................................................................. 2-41

2.26.7 ARP, TTM target data............................................................................................ 2-42

2.26.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP) ........................................................................................ 2-43

2.26.9 Lost target alarm (ARP) ........................................................................................2-44

2.27 Interpreting the Radar Display ........................................................................................... 2-45

2.27.1 General..................................................................................................................2-45

2.27.2 False echoes......................................................................................................... 2-47

2.27.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)............................................................ 2-49

2.27.4 Racon (Radar Beacon) .........................................................................................2-51

3. PLOTTER OPERATION.........................................................................................3-1

3.1 Plotter Displays .................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Full-screen plotter display....................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 Compass display..................................................................................................... 3-3

3.1.3 Highway display ...................................................................................................... 3-5

3.1.4 Nav data display .....................................................................................................3-6

3.2 Presentation Mode...............................................................................................................3-7

3.2.1 North-up .................................................................................................................. 3-7

3.2.2 Course-up ...............................................................................................................3-8

3.2.3 Auto course-up........................................................................................................ 3-8

3.3 Shifting the Display ..............................................................................................................3-9

3.4 Chart Scale .......................................................................................................................... 3-9

3.5 Chart Cards........................................................................................................................ 3-10

3.5.1 Chart card overview .............................................................................................. 3-10

3.5.2 Indices and chart enlargement ............................................................................. 3-10

3.5.3 FURUNO and NavCharts

3.5.4 C-MAP charts........................................................................................................ 3-14

3.6 Working with Track.............................................................................................................3-18

3.6.1 Displaying track .................................................................................................... 3-18

3.6.2 Stopping, restarting plotting of own ship track...................................................... 3-19

3.6.3 Track plotting method and interval for own ship track .......................................... 3-20

3.6.4 Changing own ship track/mark distribution setting ...............................................3-21

3.6.5 Erasing track ......................................................................................................... 3-22

3.7 Marks, Lines....................................................................................................................... 3-24

3.7.1 Entering a mark, line .............................................................................................3-24

3.7.2 Changing mark attributes ..................................................................................... 3-24

3.7.3 Selecting line type................................................................................................. 3-25

3.7.4 Erasing marks, lines .............................................................................................3-26

3.8 Waypoints........................................................................................................................... 3-28

3.8.1 Entering waypoints ............................................................................................... 3-28

3.8.2 Editing waypoint data............................................................................................3-31

3.8.3 Erasing waypoints................................................................................................. 3-33

3.8.4 Changing waypoint mark size (FURUNO, NavCharts™)..................................... 3-34

3.8.5 Searching waypoints.............................................................................................3-35

™ charts ...................................................................... 3-11

3.9 Routes................................................................................................................................3-36

3.9.1 Creating routes .....................................................................................................3-36

3.9.2 Connecting routes................................................................................................. 3-40

3.9.3 Inserting a waypoint in a route.............................................................................. 3-41

3.9.4 Removing waypoints from a route ........................................................................ 3-43

3.9.5 Erasing routes....................................................................................................... 3-43

3.10 Navigation ..........................................................................................................................3-44

3.10.1 Navigating to a “quick point” ................................................................................. 3-44

3.10.2 Navigating to waypoints ........................................................................................ 3-45

3.10.3 Navigating to ports, port services (NavCharts

3.10.4 Following a route................................................................................................... 3-48

3.10.5 Cancelling route navigation................................................................................... 3-51

3.11 Alarms ................................................................................................................................3-52

3.11.1 Audio alarm on/off ................................................................................................. 3-52

3.11.2 Arrival alarm .......................................................................................................... 3-53

3.11.3 Anchor watch alarm ..............................................................................................3-54

3.11.4 XTE (Cross-Track Error) alarm ............................................................................. 3-55

3.11.5 Speed alarm .......................................................................................................... 3-55

3.11.6 Proximity alarm...................................................................................................... 3-56

3.11.7 Trip alarm ..............................................................................................................3-57

3.11.8 Alarm information .................................................................................................. 3-58

3.12 Resetting Trip Distance...................................................................................................... 3-60

™ only).........................................3-46

4. VIDEO SOUNDER OPERATION............................................................................ 4-1

4.1 Principle of Operation ..........................................................................................................4-1

4.2 Sounder Displays.................................................................................................................4-2

4.2.1 Selecting a sounder display.................................................................................... 4-2

4.2.2 Description of sounder displays.............................................................................. 4-3

4.2.3 Selecting screen split method in combination displays .......................................... 4-7

4.3 Automatic Sounder Operation ............................................................................................. 4-8

4.3.1 How the automatic sounder works .........................................................................4-8

4.3.2 Types of automatic sounder modes........................................................................ 4-8

4.3.3 How to enable automatic sounder operation.......................................................... 4-8

4.4 Manual Sounder Operation..................................................................................................4-9

4.4.1 Selecting the manual mode .................................................................................... 4-9

4.4.2 Selecting display range........................................................................................... 4-9

4.4.3 Adjusting the gain ...................................................................................................4-9

4.4.4 Shifting the range.................................................................................................. 4-10

4.5 Measuring Depth, Time...................................................................................................... 4-11

4.6 Reducing Interference........................................................................................................ 4-12

4.7 Reducing Low Level Noise ................................................................................................4-13

4.8 Erasing Weak Echoes........................................................................................................4-14

4.9 Picture Advance Speed...................................................................................................... 4-15

4.9.1 Advancement independent of ship’s speed.......................................................... 4-15

4.9.2 Advancement synchronized with ship’s speed..................................................... 4-16

4.10 Alarms ................................................................................................................................4-17

4.10.1 Audio alarm on/off ................................................................................................. 4-17

4.10.2 Bottom alarm ......................................................................................................... 4-18

4.10.3 Fish alarm..................................................................................................... 4-18

4.10.4 Fish alarm (B/L).............................................................................................4-19

4.10.5 Water tempera tu re alarm...............................................................................4-20

4.10.6 When an alarm setting is violated.................................................................. 4-21

4.11 Water Temperature Graph....................................................................................... 4-22

4.12 Interpreting the Sounder Display ............................................................................. 4-23

4.12.1 Zero line........................................................................................................ 4-23

4.12.2 Bottom echo.................................................................................................. 4-23

4.12.3 Fish school echoes....................................................................................... 4-24

4.12.4 Surface noise/Aeration.................................................................................. 4-24

5. CUST OMIZING YOUR UNIT .........................................................................5-1

5.1 General Setup........................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Radar Setup..............................................................................................................5-3

5.2.1 Radar display setup ........................................................................................5-3

5.2.2 Radar range setup..........................................................................................5-5

5.2.3 Function key setu p..........................................................................................5-6

5.3 Plotter Setup..............................................................................................................5-8

5.3.1 Navigation options...........................................................................................5-8

5.3.2 Function key setu p..........................................................................................5-9

5.4 Chart Setup............................................................................................................. 5-11

5.4.1 Chart offset ................................................................................................... 5-11

5.4.2 FURUNO, NavCharts

5.4.3 C-MAP chart attributes..................................................................................5-13

5.5 Data Boxes Setup....................................................................................................5-16

5.6 Hot Page Setup.......................................................................................................5-17

5.7 Navigator Setup....................................................................................................... 5-19

5.7.1 Navigation data source..................................................................................5-19

5.7.2 GPS receiver setup.......................................................................................5-20

5.7.3 TD display setup ...........................................................................................5-24

5.8 Nav Data Display Setup........................................................................................... 5-26

5.9 Sounder Setup ........................................................................................................ 5-27

5.9.1 System setup................................................................................................ 5-27

5.9.2 Sensor setup................................................................................................. 5-29

5.9.3 Sounding range, zoom range, bottom lock range.......................................... 5-30

5.9.4 Function key setu p........................................................................................5-31

™ chart attributes........................................................ 5-12

6. DATA TRANSFER .........................................................................................6-1

6.1 Memory Card Operations .......................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 Formatting memory cards ...............................................................................6-1

6.1.2 Saving data to a memory card.........................................................................6-2

6.1.3 Playing back data from a memory card...........................................................6-4

6.2 Uploading, Downloading Data...................................................................................6-5

6.2.1 Setting communication software on the PC ..................................................... 6-5

6.2.2 Uploading or downloading data.......................................................................6-5

6.3 Loading Waypoint Data from Yeoman........................................................................ 6-8

6.4 Receiving Data Via Network Equipment....................................................................6-9

6.5 Outputting Data Through the Network......................................................................6-10

7. MAINTENANCE, TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................... 7-1

7.1 Preventive Maintenance ......................................................................................................7-1

7.2 Replacement of Battery .......................................................................................................7-1

7.3 Replacement of Fuse........................................................................................................... 7-2

7.4 Trackball Maintenance......................................................................................................... 7-2

7.5 Simple Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................7-3

7.5.1 General ...................................................................................................................7-3

7.5.2 Radar ......................................................................................................................7-3

7.5.3 Plotter...................................................................................................................... 7-4

7.5.4 Sounder ..................................................................................................................7-5

7.6 Diagnostics...........................................................................................................................7-6

7.6.1 Memory I/O test ......................................................................................................7-6

7.6.2 Test pattern ............................................................................................................. 7-9

7.6.3 Keyboard, remote controller test ..........................................................................7-10

7.7 GPS Status Display............................................................................................................ 7-11

7.8 Clearing Memories............................................................................................................. 7-12

7.9 Error Messages..................................................................................................................7-13

APPENDIX ..................................................................................................................A-1

Menu Overview .............................................................................................................................A-1

Geodetic Chart List .................................................................................................................... A-10

World Time Chart ........................................................................................................................A-11

Icons .......................................................................................................................................... A-12

INDEX...................................................................................................................Index-1

SPECIFICATIONS.....................................................................................................SP-1

Declaration of Conformity

vii

FOREWORD

A Word to the Owner of the Model 1833/1933/1943 Marine Radar

FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the Model 1833/1933/1943 Marine Radar. We are confident you will discover why the F URUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.

Your equipment is designed and constructed to m eet the rigorous demands of the marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained. Please carefully read and follow the operation and maintenance procedures set forth in this manual.

We would appreciate feedback from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO.

The example screens shown in this manual may not match t he screens you see on your display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equipment settings.

viii

Features

The Model 1833/1933/1943 Marine Radar serie s work within our new product-network system called the “NavNet.” Each product has an IP address to communicate with NavNet compatible products within the network, using TCP/IP protocol through an Ethernet 10BASE-T network.

The main features are as follows:

• The 1833/1933/1943 series consists of the f ollowing models:

Model Output Range Radar Antenna

1833 4 kW 36 nm 2 ft Radome 1933 4 kW 48 nm 3.5 ft Open 1943 6 kW 64 nm 4 ft Open

• Bright 10” screen visible even under direct sunlight .

• User-friendly operation with combinat ion of discrete keys, soft keys, and trackball.

• Accepts FURUNO and NavCharts™ (NAVIONICS) charts, or C-MAP charts, depending

on specification.

• Fast chart redraw.

• Built-in NavNet interface circuit board.

• 12-channel GPS Receiver GP-310B with highly accurat e position fixing optionally

available, GP-320B with WAAS capability.

• User programmable function keys.

• Video sounder picture available with connection of the optional Network Sounder

ETR-6/10N.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

All NavNet products incorporate a “network circuit board” to int egrate each NavNet product on board through an optional LAN cable (Ethernet 10BASE-T). Each NavNet product is assigned an IP address to enable transfer of images between other NavNet products. For example, video plotter pictures can be transferred to a radar and vice versa. Pictures received via the NavNet may be adjust ed at the receiving end.

A NavNet system may consist of up to four NavNet display units and one network sounder. For a system incorporating three or more products, a “hub” is required to process data.

NavNet system

Antenna Unit

(ex. MODEL 1833)

GPS Receiver

GP-310B/320B

Other NavNet Unit

(GD-1900C, etc.)

: Option : Supplied

Remote Controller RMC-100

Display Unit RDP-127

Network

Sounder

ETR-6/10N

(option)

12-24 VDC

GPS

Navigator

Heading

Sensor

PC, Navigator

External Buzzer

Rectifier

PR-62

RU-3423*

Ship’s Mains 100/110/220/230 VAC,

, 50/60 Hz

* = PR-62 for Model 1833, RU-3423 for Model 1933/1943.

NavNet system

Two-unit NavNet system

Antenna Unit

Radar data

Plotter data

GPS Receiver GP-310B/320B

Two-unit NavNet system

Three-or-more-unit NavNet system (Max. 4 NavNet capable display units)

GPS Receiver

Antenna Unit

GP-310B/320B

Radar data

HUB

Network Transducer ETR-6/10N

Plotter data

Sounder data

Note: The picture disappears 10 seconds after the NavNet cable is disconnected from a "sub" NavNet display unit.

Three-or-more-unit NavNet system

WHAT IS WAAS?

WAAS, available in North America, is a provider in the worldwide SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) navigation system. SBAS provides GPS signal corrections to SBAS users, for even better position accuracy, typically better than three meters. Two more SBAS providers are also currently under development, MSAS (Multi-Functional Satellite Augmentation System) for Japan and EGNOS (Euro Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) for Europe. All providers will be compatible with one another, thus providing “seamless” position fixes to SBAS users. The illustration below shows the coverage area. (Accuracy may be affected when using a GEO satellite not within your current location.)

150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E

EGNOS

MSAS

122

120

131

134

WAAS

20°S

150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E

Satellite, Region Position

120, AOR-E

122, AOR-W

131, IOR 134, POR

15.5°W 54°W

64.5°E 178°E

Initial operation time WAAS: 2003

EGNOS: 2004 MSAS: 2005

At the time of this software release, SBAS is still under development (Providers are expected to have initial operations capability from the times shown above.) During this developmental period, which may last for several years, there is no guarantee of the accuracy, integrity, continuity, or availability of the SBAS signal. Furuno will accept no responsibility for the use of the signal for other than the above stated purpose. It is the user's responsibility to exercise common prudence and navigational judgment while using the SBAS signal. Users are reminded that the SBAS has not been commissioned for use in safety of life applications (SOLAS) and must be turned to the "OF F" position on any SOLAS vessels.

xii

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

This chapter provides basic information needed to get you started using your radar, video plotter. The following topics are presented:

• Control overview

• Chart card insertion

• Power on/off

• Brilliance adjustments

• Display selection

• MOB (Man OverBoard) mark entry

• Data boxes

• Function keys

• Simulation display

1-1

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.1 Operating Controls

1.1.1 Display unit controls

Overview of display unit controls

The radar, video plotter, sounder and chart systems are operated with the controls of the display unit (and the rem ot e controller). Ten keys are labeled and they provide the function shown on their labels. The five soft keys provide various functions according to current operating mode. The [ENTER] knob mainly functions to register selections on t he menu and adjust the EBL, VRM and gain. The trackball’s main function is to move the cursor across the screen. When you correctly execute an operation, t he unit generates a beep. Invalid operation causes the unit to emit three beeps.

Selects displays mode.

Momentary press:

Registers own ship’s position as a waypoint.

Press three seconds:

Marks man overboard position.

Soft keys

Shows or hides the soft keys, function keys, nav data alternately.

DISP

SAVE MOB

HIDE

SHOW

ALARM CLEAR MENU

RANGE

EBL

GAIN

VRM

POWER

BRILL

Trackball

Selects menu items and options; shifts cursor.

Opens/closes the alarm menu. Clears data; erases selected mark.

Opens/closes the main menu.

Selects a range.

ENTER knob Push: Registers options on menus. Rotate: Selects character; adjusts sensitivity

(sounder, radar); selects menu items and options.

Displays the soft keys for EBL/VRM.

Radar: Displays the soft keys for adjustment of gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and FTC (Model 1700 series radar only).

Sounder: Adjusts gain.

Long press: Turns power off. Momentary press: Turns power on. Opens the

display for adjustment of brilliance, etc; show RADAR STBY/TX soft key.

Chart drive

Control panel

1-2

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Soft keys

The function of the five soft keys changes according to the operation. Their labels for their current functions are shown on the screen to the left of the keys. To hide or show the soft keys, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key. Each press of the key shows preset soft keys, user function keys or turns off navigation information (in case of plotter mode).

SOFT KEYS

Display unit

Some soft keys show the current state of the soft key function in reverse video as shown below.

.125nm

.250/ 319.9

TRAIL

TRAIL ON/ OFF

TRAIL TIME

GRAD

SINGLE

RETURN

359.9°R

0.270nm

HIGH

Current selection shown in reverse video

Radar display

1-3

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

[ENTER] knob

The [ENTER] knob functions to

• Register data

• Enter alphanumeric data such as waypoint name

• Select menu items and options

• Adjust setting

For data input, clockwise rotation of the knob selects an alphabet, symbol or numeric, in one of the sequences shown below. After you have selected desired alphanumeric character push the [ENTER] knob to register your selection.

ENTER knob

Alphabet, symbol, numeric

A'B'C'D'E'F'G'H'I'J'K'L'M'N'O'P'Q'R'S'T'U'V'W 'X'Y'Z'&'_'’ '#'0'1'2'3'4'5'6'7'8'9

Numerics

0'1'2'3'4'5'6'7'8'9

Trackball

The trackball’s main function is to shift the cursor. For details, see “paragraph

1.6.”

1-4

1.1.2 Remote controller

DISP

DEF

ABC

RANGE

SAVE

MOB

GHI

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Operating distance 90°: Up to 5 m ±45°: Up to 3 m

Replace the batteries (AA) when the distance from which the display unit can be operated shortens.

JKL

MNO

PQR

Note: The remote controller may

become damaged if dropped. Mishandling of the remote

STU

VWX

YZ&

controller is not covered by the warranty.

TX / STBY

ALARM

SK4 SK5

GAIN

CENTER

CNTL

ACQ

HIDE / SHOW

EBL / VRM

MARK ENT

BRILL

WPT

’#

ENT

CLEAR

TONE

SK3SK1 SK2

Remote controller

Key Function Key Function

RANGE Same as RANGE key on

display unit.

DISP Same as DISP key on

display unit.

SAVE MOB Same as SAVE/MOB key on

display unit. Ten keys Enter alphanumer ics. BRILL Adjusts display brilliance. EBL/VRM Same as EBL/VRM key on

display unit. GAIN Same as GAIN key on

display unit. WPT Displays “alphabet” WPT list

on plotter display. MARK ENT Same as MARK ENTRY soft

key. CENTER Returns own ship to screen

center on plotter display. CNTL Switches control between

displays on combination

displays.

ENT Same as ENTER knob on

display unit.

CLEAR Same as CLEAR key on

display unit.

MENU Same as MENU key on

display unit.

TONE Not used.

TX/STBY Toggles radar between

standby and transmit.

ACQ Acquires radar target.

(ARP-equipped set only).

ALARM Same as ALARM key on the

display unit.

HIDE/SHOW Same as HIDE/SHOW key

on display unit.

SK1 – SK5 (soft keys)

Same as soft keys on display unit.

1-5

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.2 Inserting a Chart Card

Your unit reads FURUNO and NavCharts™ (NAVIONICS) chart cards, or C-MAP chart cards, depending on the type of display unit you have. Insert the appropriate chart card for your area as follows:

1. Open the chart card drive.

Display unit

Chart drive

2. Insert desired chart card groove side up.

3. Close the lid to protect the chart drive.

Note 1: Do not remove a card while the chart is being drawn. This may cause

the equipment to freeze.

Note 2: Do not insert or remove a card while the power is on. This may cause

the equipment to freeze.

Note 3: For multiple display units, do not use the same chart card type in more

than one display unit.

Note 4: A card remover is supplied to ease removal of chart cards. Attach the

card remover to the right-hand side hole of the card and pull it to remove the card. You can leave the remover attached to the card while the card is in the chart drive. Push the remover leftward until it contacts the recessed area on the card.

Chart card and card remover

1-6

1.3 Turning the Unit On/Off

Press the [POWER/BRILL] key to turn the unit on. A beep sounds and the equipment proceeds in the sequence sho wn below, displaying the product information screen, startup test results and the chart usage disclaimer. The startup test checks the ROM, RAM, internal battery and backup data for proper operation, displaying the results for each as OK or NG (No Good). If NG appears an appropriate message appears on the screen. For any NG, try to press any key to go to the chart disclaimer screen, then perf orm the diagnostic test referring to the paragraph “7.5 Diagnostics.”

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Chart List

Host Name

RADAR PLOTTER

STATION NAME: RADAR FURUNO ELECTRIC CO., LTD. CHARTS AVAILABLE

LICENSE NO.

STARTUP TEST ROM OK RAM OK BACKUP DATA OK INTERNAL BATTERY OK

** = Program version no. for FURUNO/NAVIONICS. 03591740XX for C-MAP. XX = program version no.

NO NATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE HAS VERIFIED THE INFORMATION IN THIS COASTLINE DATA CARD AND NONE ACCEPT LIABILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OF REPRODUCTION OR ANY MODIFICATIONS MADE THEREAFTER. THIS PRODUCT WITH

THIS COASTLINE DATA CARD DOES NOT REPLACE THE REQUIREMENT TO USE THE APPROPRIATE PRODUCTS FOR NAVIGATION ACCORDING TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS.

PROGRAM No.

Product information Startup test Chart disclaimer

Startup sequence

The magnetron takes from one minute to two minutes and thirty seconds (depending on radar model) to warm up before the radar can be operated. The time remaining for warm up of the magnetron is counted down at the center of the display.

You may press any key at the chart disclaimer screen to show the last-used display, or wait several seconds to let the equipment do it for you.

To t urn the unit off, press and hold down the [POWER/BRILL] key until the screen goes dark (approx. 3 sec.). To prot ect the LCD attach the hard cover. Note that the network sounder will be turned off approx. three minutes after turning off the power.

Note: The first time you turn on the power (or any time the power is applied after

a memory reset), you are asked if you want to start the simulation mode, which provides simulated operation of the equipment. Push the [ENTER] knob to start the simulation mode, or press the [CLEAR] key to start normal operation. For further details about the simulation mode, see the paragraph “1.10 Simulation Display.”

03591750XX**

1-7

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Brilliance Boost, Economy Mode

1.4.1 Display brilliance, panel brilliance

1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily. A set of soft keys for adjustment

of brilliance appear.

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

DISPLAY BRILLIANCE

PUSH CLEAR KEY TO START ECONOMY MODE WHILE RADAR IS IN STANDBY.

BRILL CONTST

DISPLY BRILL

PANEL BRILL

BRILL

BOOST

RADAR

RETURN

359.9°R

0.240nm

Current selection is highlighted.

Note: This equipment does not have a contrast control.

Brilliance adjustment soft keys

2. Press the DISPLY BRILL or PANEL BRILL soft key as appropriate. An

adjustment window appears at the bottom of the screen. This window shows the name of the it em selected for adjust ment plus current brilliance level, by bar graph.

DISPLAY BRILLIANCE

13 7

PUSH CLEAR KEY TO START ECONOMY MODE WHILE RADAR IS IN STANDBY.

Display brilliance Panel brilliance

PANEL BRILLIANCE

Display brilliance and panel brilliance windows

3. Adjust the [ENTER] knob, clockwise to raise the setting or counterclockwise

to decrease it. You may also use the soft key pressed at step 2. Fifteen levels of display brilliance and eight levels of panel brilliance are available.

4. Hit the RET URN soft key to finish.

Note: If the equipment is turned off with minimum brilliance, press the [POWER

BRILL] key consecutively to adjust the brilliance.

1-8

1.4.2 Brilliance boost

The brilliance boost feature provides increased brilliance for 5 minutes (default setting), after which the previous brilliance level is restored. You can set the amount of time among 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes, on page 2 of the GENERAL SETUP menu. For further details see “Video Boost Time” on page 5-3.

1. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily.

2. Press the BRILL BOOST soft key.

3. Hit the RETURN soft key to finish.

To cancel the brilliance boost feature, press the DISPLAY BRILL soft key to adjust brilliance.

1.4.3 Economy mode

The economy mode shuts off the power to the CRT, which helps extend the life of the CRT. To turn on the economy mode, press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily (in the STBY mode for radar) to show the brilliance adjustment soft keys, then press the [CLEAR] key. To escape from the economy mode, press any key.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1-9

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.5 Selecting a Display

1.5.1 Display modes

If you have a radar, navigator and network sounder, four full-screen displays are available: radar, plotter, echo sounder, and navigation data. In addition to the full-screen display, you can divide the screen into halves to show two sets of images on a combination display.

Full screen

(Ex. radar)

Combination screen

(Ex. plotter + sounder)

Display screens

The table below shows the displays available with each screen type.

Screen type and available display screen

Full screen Combination scr een options

Plotter, radar, sounder, nav data

Plotter, radar, sounder, compass, highway, compass/highway, nav data

1-10

1.5.2 Selecting a display

1. Press the [DISP] key to show the display selection window. The icons of modes not available are marked with an “X.” PAGE1-PAGE5 are user-arrangeable displays called “hot pages,” which can you configure as you like. For further details, see the paragraph “5.6 Hot Page Setup.”

RADAR PLOT SNDR NAV

PAGE1 PAGE2 PAGE3 PAGE4 PAGE5

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Basic display screens

Hot pages

· TURN KNOB TO SELECT MODE AND PUSH KNOB TO ENTER.

· PUSH ANY SOFT KEY TO SELECT IMAGE SOURCE.

Display screen selection window

2. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select a basic display screen or a hot page screen.

3. If you selected a basic display screen, a group of appropriate combination displays appear. Below are the combination screens available with the radar display.

PUSH ENTER KNOB.

Radar combination screen selection window.

4. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to select display desired.

5. Push the [ENTER] knob to finish.

1-11

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.5.3 Switching control in combination screens

A soft key is provided in relevant combination screens to switch control between displays. In the example below, the RADAR CNTRL and PLOTTR CNTRL soft keys enable switching control between the radar and plotter screens in the plotter/radar combination display.

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° TRIP NU 080° 22. 3456'E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

16.0 nm

WP-002

FISH

3nm

12/

H-UP

ST-BY ST-BY

Radar display selected Plotter display selected

How to switch control between modes in the plotter/ radar combination display

SIGNAL PROC.

RADAR DISPL Y

NAV FUNC

T ARGET

RADAR

CNTL

359.9°R

11.70nm

CNTL

RADAR

CNTRL

To adjust plot

PLOTTR CCNTRL

To adjust radar

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° TRIP NU 080° 22. 3456'E

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

16.0 nm

WP-002

FISH

3nm

12/

H-UP

MARK ENTRY

MODE

NTH UP

NAV

POS

PLOTTR

CCNTL

359.9°R

11.70nm

1-12

1.5.4 Selecting image source

When more than one network radar or network sounder is connected to the equipment, you may select an image source for each as shown below. This is not necessary when only one network radar or network sounder is connected.

1. Press the [DISP] key.

2. Press any soft key to show the following display.

▲

RADAR SOURCE RADAR SOUNDER SOURCE SOUNDER

IP APPRESS

172. 031. 003. 002 HOST NAME

RADAR - - -

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

SELECT SOURCE

- - -

EDIT

IF THERE IS MORE THAN ONE NETWORK RADAR OR ECHO SOUNDER, YOU MAY SELECT THE IMAGE SOURCES FOR DISPLAY.

RETURN

Select source menu

3. Use the trackball to select RADAR SOURCE or SOUNDER SOURCE as

appropriate, then press the EDIT key.

RADAR SOURCE SOUNDER SOURCE

RADAR

Radar source Sounder source

- - -

SOUNDER

Radar source and sounder source windows

4. Adjust t he trackball to select location and rotate the [ENTER] knob to set

character.

5. Push the [ENT ER] knob to set.

6. Press the [DISP] key to finish.

7. Turn the power off and on again.

Note: Source names are determined at installation. For example, the source

names for radars in a two radar system might be “RADAR” and “RADAR1”.

1-13

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.6 Trackball, Cursor

The trackball functions to shif t the cursor, for measurement of range and bearing to a location. Roll the trackball to shift the cursor. The cursor moves in the direction of trackball rotation. Check the range and bearing indication at the bottom right-hand corner to see range and bearing from own ship to the cursor position.

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

Cursor

H-UP

Target

SIGNAL PROC.

RADAR DISPLY

NAV FUNC

Cursor, cursor data

TARGET

ZOOM & D. BOX

5.3°R

0.275nm

Bearing and range from own ship to cursor position

1-14

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.7 Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as Destination

The MOB (Man Overboard) mark functions to mark man overboard po sition. You can inscribe this mark from any mode, except while playing back data or conducting any test. Note that this function requires position data.

MOB

Range, bearing

Man overboad

Current position

mark

162.5°M

0.49 nm

MOB Data Box Bearing and range to MOB position

(MOB)

MOB concept

1. Press and hold down the [SAVE/MOB] key for about three seconds when

someone falls overboard. The display shows the waypoint number being saved (youngest empty waypoint number, 001-999) followed by the MOB confirmation window.

XXX = Waypoint number

WAYPOINT SAVED! XXXWPT

CONTINUE PUSHING FOR MOB!

After

several

seconds

MAN OVER BOARD! GO TO MOB? YES ... PUSH ENTER KNOB NO ... PUSH CLEAR KEY

MOB mark messages

2. Push the [E NT ER] knob to select the MOB position as destination, or press

the [CLEAR] key to only mark current ship’s position as a waypoint. If you select the MOB position as destination;

• A full-screen radar or plotter screen appears depending on the display in use.

• The MOB mark “MOB” appears at the MOB position and a line runs between it and current position. This line shows the shortest course t o the MOB position.

• Range and bearing to the MOB position are shown in the MOB data box.

To erase an MOB mark from the plotter display, you must first erase its corresponding waypoint. Place the cursor on the MOB mark, then press t he [CLEAR] key followed by pushing the [ENT ER] knob to erase the waypoint. Then, repeat to erase the MOB mark.

1-15

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.8 Data Boxes

Data boxes, providing navigation data, may be shown on any full-screen display. Up to six data boxes (two in case of large characters) may be shown, and the default data boxes are position (in latitude and longitude), course over ground, speed over ground and trip log. The user may choose which data to display, where to locate it, and show or hide it as desired. In addition, data boxes may be set independently for each display mode (plotter, radar, sounder). For how to select data for the data boxes, see the paragraph “5.5 Data Boxes Setup.”

Data boxes

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

TRIP LOG

177

POSITION

58.535'N

47 122°36.496'W

COG

323.6

SIGNAL PROC.

RADAR DISPLY

NAV FUNC

TARGET

ZOOM & D. BOX

SOG

20.0

359.9

0.288nm

EBL VRM

Radar display, showing data boxes

1.8.1 Showing, hiding data boxes with soft key

Plotter: D. BOX ON/OFF

D. BOX ON/OFF (EBL/VRM data box, cursor data

Radar: ZOOM & D. BOX

→

box also shown/hidden) Sounder: AUTO/D. BOX

D. BOX ON/OFF

→

1.8.2 Rearranging data boxes

You may select the location for data boxes as follows:

1. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As the cursor enters the box it changes to a hand. Push the [ENTER] knob, and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.

2. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the [ENTER] knob.

1.8.3 Temporarily erasing a data box

If a data box is obscuring a desired object you may temporarily erase the box. Use the trackball to place the cursor inside the data box you wish to erase, then press the [CLEAR] key. To redisplay the box, press the D. BOX soft key twice to display it.

1-16

1.9 Function Keys

The function keys provide for one-touch execut ion of a desired function. The default function key settings for each display are as shown in the table below.

Key

#1 Heading line on/off, HL Track on/off, TRK TLL output, TLL #2 Rings on/off, RNG Edit mark/line, EML Clutter, CLT #3 Echo trail, TRL Ruler, RUL Signal level, SLV #4 Offcenter, SFT Add new waypoint,

#5 Radar source, RSR Waypoint

1.9.1 Executing a function

1. Press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to replace the preset soft key labels with the function key labels.

Radar Plotter Echosounder

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Default Setting, Key Label Function

Noise limiter, NL

ADD

Picture advance, PA

alphanumeric list, ALP

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

TARGET

H-UP

R N G

T R

Function

keys

F T

R S R

359.9°R

0.327nm

Function keys

2. Press function key desired.

Note: Function keys can be individuall y progra m med for the plotter, radar and

sounder displays. For further details see the following:

Radar: paragraph 5.2.3 Plotter: paragraph 5.3.2 Sounder: paragraph 5.9.4

1-17

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.10 Simulation Display

The simulation display, for use by service technicians for demonstration purposes, provides simulated operation to help acquaint you with the many features your unit has to offer. It allows you to view and control a simulated plotter, radar and sounder picture, without position-fixing equipment, network radar or a network sounder. Most controls are operative, thus you may practice measuring the range and bearing to a target, etc.

The simulation icon (

To start the simulation display;

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the SYSTEM CONFIG URATION, SYSTEM SETUP and SIMULATION SETUP soft keys in that order.

) appears when a simulation mode is active.

RADAR

LIVE

PLOTTER

LIVE

SOUNDER

LIVE

SPEED

00.0kt

COURSE

000.0

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

START DATE & TIME

RADAR SIMULATION DATA

35.000’N

125

00.000’W

00:00 01.APR.00

SIM SETUP

EDIT

RETURN

1-18

Simulation setup menu

3. Follow one of the procedures on the next several pages.

Radar

NavNet display unit-generated echoes

1. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key.

RADAR

▲

SIMULATION 1

SIMULATION 2

LIVE

▼

2. Select SIMULATION 1, then push the [ENTER] knob.

3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

NavNet radar antenna-generated echoes

1. Select RADAR SIMULATION DATA, then press the EDIT soft key.

2. Select YES, then push the [ENT ER] knob to erase simulation data and get new data. The message “Now getting demo data. Do not turn off display unit.” appears while the unit is receiving radar data.

Note: If the network radar could not be found “Radar source is not found.

Cannot get demo data.” appears. And if the radar is not active, the message “Radar is not active. Cannot get demo data.” is displayed. Check that the radar is plugged in and that its signal cable is firmly fastened.

3. Select RADAR, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Select SIMULATION 2, then push the [ENTER] knob.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Plotter

1. Select PLOT TER, then press the EDIT soft key.

PLOTTER

▲

SIMULATION

LIVE

▼

2. Select SIMULATION, then push the [ENTER] knob.

3. Select SPEED, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Enter speed (setting range, 0-99 kt, default speed, 0 kt) with the alphanumeric keys, then push the [ENTER] knob.

5. Select COURSE, then press the EDIT key.

6. Select “8 FIGURE” to trace the simulated ship’s track in a figure-eight course, or enter your own course at DIRECTION. To enter course, use the trackball to select location, then rotate the [ENTER] knob to select numeric.

7. Press the ENTER soft key.

8. Select LATITUDE, then press the EDIT soft key.

9. Enter latitude (set ting range, 85

N-85°S, default setting, 45°35.000’N), then

push the [ENTER] knob.

10. Select LONGITUDE, then press the EDIT soft key.

11. Enter longitude (setting range, 180

E-180°W, default setting, 125°00.000’W),

then push the [ENTER] knob.

12. Select START DATE & TIME, then press the EDIT soft key.

13. Enter start date and time, then, push the [ENTER] knob.

14. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

1-19

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Sounder

1. Select SOUNDER, then press the EDIT soft key.

2. Select SIMULATION 1 (internally generated echoes) or SIMULATION 2 (network sounder-generated echoes), then push the [ENTER] knob.

Note 1: If the network sounder could not be found “Sounder source is not

found. Cannot get simulation data.” appears. And if the sounder is not active, the message “Sounder is not active. Cannot get simulation data.” is displayed. Check that the sounder is plugged in and its signal cable is firmly fastened.

SOUNDER

▲

SIMULATION 1

SIMULATION 2

LIVE

▼

Note 2: The gain, shift, range and mode of the SIMULATION 1 mode picture

cannot be adjusted.

3. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

1-20

2. RADAR OPERATION

This chapter covers radar operation, including the ARP (Auto Plotter) function. ARP requires a Model 1800/1900 series network radar equipped with the ARP circuit board.

2.1 Radar Display

North marker (Head-up, course-up mode)

Range/ range ring interval

Presentation mode

Alarm icon

Battery icon

Simulation mode icon

Guard zone 1

Zoom area

Zoom window

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

Cursor

Pulselength

.125nm SP

Heading M: Magnetic T: True

Heading line

TRAIL 30m

02m30s

G1 IN

G2 OUT

ES L

EAV L

IR L

Trail time Trail elapsed time

Guard zone 1 Guard zone 2 Echo stretch Echo averaging

Interference rejector Guard zone 2

VRM2

EBL1 VRM1 EBL2

Range ring

Own ship vector (Requires ARP, true vector mode)

EBL1 range

VRM1 range

EBL1

17.0°R VRM1 0 .158nm

EBL2

322.1°R VRM2 0 .194nm

EBL2 bearing, VRM2 range

359.9°R

0.277nm

Cursor range and bearing (Cursor position may also be shown, in L/L or Loran TD.)

Radar display

2-1

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by

1. Confirm that the network radar is plugged in.

2. Press the [DISP] key to select a radar display.

3. Press the [POWER/BRILL] key momentarily.

4. Press the RADAR STBY soft key to highlight TX on its label.

5. Press the RETURN soft key.

When the radar picture is not required, but you want keep it in a state of readiness, press the RADAR TX soft key to highlight STBY on its label.

2.3 Tuning

The radar receiver can be tuned automatically or manually, and the default tuning method is automatic. If you require manual tuning, do the following:

1. Press the [MENU] key to display the main menu.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Select TUNING, then press the EDIT soft key.

TUNING

AUTO

MAN

Tuning window

4. Choose MAN.

5. Adjust the [ENTER] knob until the tuning bar is at its longest position.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

Note: If the auto setting does not provide satisfactory tuning, ask your dealer

how to re-adjust tuning.

2.4 Adjusting the Gain

The [GAIN] key adjusts the sensitivity of the radar receiver. It works in a manner similar to the volume control of a broadcast receiver, which amplifies received signals.

The proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen. If your gain setting is too low, weak echoes may be missed. On the other hand, excessive gain yields too much background noise; strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display.

To adjust the receiver sensitivity, transmit on long range, and then do the following:

Tuning bar

2-2

2. RADAR OPERATION

1. Press the [GAIN] key to show the “gain adjustment” soft keys. The last-used adjustment window appears. The example below shows the gain sensitivity adjustment window.

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

GAIN ADJUST

GAIN

Item selected for adjustment is

GAIN SENSITIVITY



AUTO ROUGH

¤

AUTO MODERATE

AUTO CALM

¡

MAN

A/C SEA

A/C RAIN

A/C AT

ON /OFF

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

highlighted.

Gain adjustment soft keys

2. If the gain sensitivity window is not is not displayed, press t he GAIN soft key to show it.

GAIN SENSITIVITY

 ¤

AUTO ROUGH

AUTO MODERATE

AUTO CALM

¡

MAN

Gain sensitivity window

3. Use the tr ackball to select AUTO ROUGH, AUTO MODERATE, AUTO CALM, or MAN (manual) as appropriate. Select an AUTO option according to the sea state.

4. For manual adjustment, rotate the [ENT ER] knob to adjust, observing the radar echo. The range of adjustment is 0-100.

5. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or the RETURN soft key to finish.

2-3

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter

2.5.1 How the A/C SEA works

Echoes from waves can be troublesome, covering the central part of t he display with random signals known as “sea clutter”. The higher the waves and the higher the antenna above the water, the further the clutter will extend. Sea clutter may affect radar performance because real targets are sometimes hidden by the echoes of small waves. (See the left-hand figure in t he figure below.) When sea clutter masks the picture, adjust the A/C SEA to reduce the clutter.

The A/C SEA reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges (where clutter is the greatest) and progressively increases am plification as the rang e increases, so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter.

Sea clutter at

screen center

Effect of A/C SEA

2.5.2 Adjusting the A/C SEA

A/C SEA should be adjusted so that the clutter is broken up into small dots, and small targets become distinguishable.

1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Press the A/C SEA soft key to show the A/C SEA setting window.

A/C SEA setting window

3. Rotate t he [ENTER] knob to adjust. The range of adjustment is 0-100. Do not overadjust – weak targets may be missed.

4. A/C SEA and A/C RAIN can be automatically adjusted. Press the A/C AT ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate. When t urned on, it overrides A/C SEA and A/C RAIN settings.

5. Press the [ GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.

A/C SEA adjusted;

sea clutter suppressed

A/C SEA

2-4

2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter

The vertical beamwidth of the antenna is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling. However, by this design the unit will also detect precipitation clutter (rain, snow, hail, etc.) in the same manner as normal targets. Precipitation clutter shows as random dots on the screen.

2.6.1 Adjusting the A/C RAIN

When echoes from precipitation mask solid targets, adjust the A/C RAIN to split up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern, making recognition of solid targets easier.

1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Press the A/C RAIN soft key to show the A/C RAIN window.

A/C RAIN

2. RADAR OPERATION

A/C RAIN setting window

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to adjust the A/C RAIN. The current level is shown on the A/C RAIN level bar in the A/C RAIN window, and the range of adjustment is 0 to 100(%). Do not overadjust – weak targets may be missed.

4. Press the [GAIN] key on the front panel or RETURN soft key to finish.

2-5

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.7 Range Scale

The range setting determines the size of the area (in nautical miles) that will appear on your display. In addition, t he range setting will also automat ically adjust the range ring interval so that accurat e range measurements may be made while operating on any range setting.

The range, range ring interval and pulselength appear at the top left-hand corner of the display.

Press the [RANGE (+ or -)] key to change the range scale.

Range scales (nm, sm)

Range 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 72 Ring

Interval No. of

Rings

0.0625 0.125 0.125 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16 18

2 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4

Range scales (km)

Range 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 24 36 48 64 72 Ring

Interval No. of

Rings

0.125 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 12 12 16 18

2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4

Note 1: Maximum range depends on the network radar as shown below.

Model 1722, 1722C: 24 nm

Model 1732, 1732C, 1742, 1742C, 1752, 1752C, 1833, 1833C: 36 nm

Model 1762, 1762C, 1933, 1933C: 48 nm Model 1943, 1943C: 64 nm

Model 1953C: 72 nm

Note 2: You may choose which ranges to use from the RADAR RANGE SETUP

menu. For details see paragraph 5.2.2.

2-6

2.8 Pulselength

The pulselength in use is displayed at the upper left corner of the display. Appropriate pulselengths are preset to individual range scales. Therefore, you are not usually required to select them. If you are not satisfied with the current pulselength setting, however, it is possible to change them for the ranges shown below. Generally, select a longer pulse for longer detection range and shorter pulse for better range discrimination.

1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km range: Short pulse, medium pulse

3 nm, 3 sm, 6km range: Medium pulse, long pulse

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

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SIGNAL PROCESS

H-UP

I. REJ

LOW

E. AVG

OFF

PULSE

E. STR

LOW

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

Signal process soft keys

3. Select the 1.5 nm (1.5 sm, 3 km) or 3 nm (3 sm, 6 km) range with the RANGE key.

4. Press the PULSE soft key to select the pulselength setting. SHORT or MEDIUM for 1.5 nm, 1.5 sm, 3 km and MEDIUM or LONG for 3 nm, 3 sm, 6 km.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2-7

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.9 Presentation Mode

This unit provides four radar presentation modes: head-up, course-up, north-up and true motion.

Heading input is required for m odes other than head-up.

2.9.1 Selecting a presentation mode

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/ SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key to show the RADAR DISPLAY soft keys.

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H-UP

RADAR DISPLAY

MODE

HD UP

SHIFT

RINGS

MED /OFF

HL OFF

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

Radar display soft keys

3. Press the MODE soft key. Each pressing of the key changes the presentation mode and the presentation mode indicatio n in the sequence of North-up (NTH UP), True Motion (TRUE M), Head-up (HD UP), and Course-up (CSE UP).

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: When heading data is lost, the presentation mode automatically goes to

head-up, the heading indication at the screen t op shows “- - -.-°” and the audio alarm sounds. Press the [ALARM] key to acknowledge the alarm. The message “HEADING DATA MISSING” appears. Restore compass signal to show heading indication. Use the MODE soft key to select presentation mode if necessary. The audio alarm may be silenced with the [CLEAR] key.

2-8

2.9.2 Description of presentation modes

Head-up (H-UP)

A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the c enter with the top of the display indicates own ship’s heading. The targets are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to o wn ship’s heading.

A short line on the bearing scale is the north marker.

2. RADAR OPERATION

North Marker

Heading Line

Head-up presentation mode

Course-up (C-UP)

The radar picture is stabilized and displayed wit h t he currently selected course at the top of the screen. As you change heading, the ship’s heading line moves. If you select a new course, the picture resets to display the new course at the top of the display.

Targets are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relati ve to the intended course which is maintained at the 0-degree position. The heading line moves in accordance with ship’s yawing and course changes.

North Marker

Heading Line

Course-up presentation mode

2-9

2. RADAR OPERATION

North-up (N-UP)

In the north-up mode, targets are painted at their measured distances and in their true (compass) directions from own ship. North is maintained at the top of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to ship’s heading.

North

Heading Line

North-up presentation mode

True motion (TR-M)

Fixed radar targets maintain a constant position on the screen, while your own ship moves across the radar image at the correct speed and heading. A map-like image is displayed, with all moving vessels traveling in true perspective to each other and to fixed landmasses. As your ship’s position approaches the edge of the screen, the radar display is automatically reset t o reveal the area ahead of your ship. You can manually reset your ship’s position at any time by pressing the RADAR DISPLY soft key followed by the SHIFT soft key.

North

Heading Line

True motion presentation mode

2-10

2.10 Measuring the Range

You can measure the range to a radar target three ways: by the range rings, by the cursor, and by the VRM (Variable Ran ge Marker).

2.10.1 Measuring range by range rings

Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target. Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring.

To t urn the range rings on, do the following:

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

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H-UP

RADAR DISPLAY

MODE

HD UP

SHIFT

RINGS

MED

HL OFF

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

Radar display soft keys

3. Press the RI NGS soft key to change the brilliance among LOW, MED, HIGH and OFF.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2-11

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.10.2 Measuring range by cursor

Operate the trackball to place the cursor intersection on t he inside edge of the radar target. The range to the target, as well as the bearing, appears to the right of “+” at the bottom of the display.

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H-UP

Cursor

Target

SIGNAL PROC.

RADAR DISPLY

NAV FUNC

TARGET

ZOOM & D. BOX

4.3°R

0.280nm

Bearing and range from own ship to cursor position

How to measure range to a target with the cursor

2-12

2.10.3 Measuring range by VRM

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to display the EBL/VRM soft keys.

2. RADAR OPERATION

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H-UP

EBL VRM

EBL1 ON

VRM1 ON

OFFSET

EBL2 ON

VRM2 ON

359.9°R

0.277nm

EBL/VRM soft keys

2. Press the VRM1 ON (dotted ring VRM) or VRM2 ON (dashed ring VRM) sof t key to select the desired VRM. The selected VRM’s indication, at the bottom of the screen, is highlighted.

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob the place the VRM on the inside edge of a radar target. Read the VRM indication to find range to t he target.

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H-UP

EBL VRM

EBL1 ON

VRM1 ON

VRM1

(Dotted line)

OFFSET

EBL2 ON

VRM2

(Dashed line)

VRM1 range

EBL1

---.-°R VRM1

0.119nm

EBL2

---.-°R VRM2

0.242nm

VRM2 ON

359.9°R

0.277nm

Active marker is highlighted.

VRM2 range

How to measure range with the VRM

4. You may turn off the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.

2-13

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.10.4 Erasing a VRM, VRM indication

Press appropriate VRM soft key, then press the [CLEAR] key. The VRM is erased and its indication becomes blank.

2.10.5 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box.

2.10.6 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the EBL/VRM data boxes.

2.10.7 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes

When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target you want to see, you can move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the EBL/VRM soft keys are shown.

2. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to erase the EBL/VRM soft keys.

3. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob, and the hand changes to a fist, meaning the box is correctly selected.

3. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the [ENTER] knob.

2-14

2.11 Measuring the Bearing

There are two ways to measure the bearing to a target: by the cursor, and by the EBL (Electronic bearing Line).

2.11.1 Measuring bearing by cursor

Use the trackball to place the cursor at the center of the target. The bearing to the target appears in the range and bearing box at the bottom right-hand corner on the screen.

2.11.2 Measuring bearing by EBL

1. Press the [EBL/ V RM] key.

2. Press the EBL1 ON (dot ted line EBL) or EBL2 ON (dashed line EBL) soft key to select the desired EBL. The selected EBL’s indication, at the bottom of the screen, is highlighted.

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to bisect the radar target with the EBL. Read the EBL indication to find the bearing to the target .

4. You may erase the EBL/VRM soft keys by pressing the [EBL/VRM] key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

EBL1

(Dotted line)

EBL2

(Dashed line)

EBL2 bearing

EBL1 bearing

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H-UP

EBL1

330.1°R VRM1

-.---nm

EBL2

234.1˚R VRM2

-.---nm

Active marker is highlighted.

EBL VRM

EBL1 ON

VRM1 ON

OFFSET

EBL2 ON

VRM2 ON

359.9°R

0.277nm

How to measure bearing with the EBL

Note: The bearing to a target may be shown relative to own ship’s heading

(Relative) or True bearing (requires heading data). This may be done with “EBL REFERENCE,” which is in the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu.

2-15

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.11.3 Erasing an EBL, EBL indication

Press appropriate EBL soft key, then press the [CLEAR] key. The EBL is erased and its indication becomes blank.

2.11.4 Erasing EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the EBL or VRM soft key associated with the EBL/VRM data box you wish to erase. Press the [CLEAR] key once or twice to erase the data box.

2.11.5 Hiding EBL/VRM data boxes

Press the ZOOM & D. BOX and D. BOX ON/OFF soft keys to show or hide the EBL/VRM data boxes.

2.11.6 Moving EBL/VRM data boxes

When an EBL/VRM data box is obscuring a target you want to see, you can move it to another location as shown below. This cannot be done when the EBL/VRM soft keys are shown.

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to erase the EBL/VRM soft keys.

2. Using the trackball, place the cursor inside the data box you wish to move. As the cursor enters the box it changes to a “hand.” Push the [ENTER] knob, and the hand changes to a fist.

3. Use the trackball to move the data box to the location desired, then push the [ENTER] knob. Place the cursor in the data box, then push the [ENTER] knob.

2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker

The heading line indicates the ship's heading in all presentation modes. It is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode; it changes its orientation in the north-up, course-up and true motion modes with ship’s movement.

The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up and course-up modes the north marker moves around the bearing scale as the ship’s heading moves.

To temporarily erase the heading line and north marker, press the RADAR DISPLY soft key followed by the HL OFF soft key. Release the key to redisplay the markers. (If the radar soft keys are not shown, hit the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display them.)

2-16

2.13 Reducing Noise Interference

Noise, appearing on the displays as random “speckles,” can be reduced as follows:

1. Press the [MENU] key to open the menu.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Select NOISE REJECTION, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Select OFF, LOW or HIGH as appropriate.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2-17

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.14 Rejecting Radar Interference

Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar that is operating in the same frequency band as your radar. Its on-screen appearance looks like many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the display. Interference effects are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same place on successive rotations of the scanner.

Be sure to turn off the interference rejector when no interference exists – weak targets may be missed.

Radar interference

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

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H-UP

SIGNAL PROCESS

I. REJ

E. AVG

PULSE

E. STR

LOW

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

LOW

OFF

2-18

SIGNAL PROCESS soft keys

3. Press the I. REJ soft key successively to choose the interference rejection level desired; LOW, MED, HIGH or OFF. HIGH provides maxim um interference rejection.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The display shows IR L (Low), IR M (Medium) or IR H (High) when the interference rejector is on.

2.15 Zoom

The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area select ed with the “zoom circle.” It is available on any range but is inoperative in true motion and when the display is shifted.

2.15.1 Zooming in on radar targets

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Use the tr ackball to set the cursor where you want to zoom.

3. Press the ZOOM & D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys.

4. Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ON. A solid circle, called the “zoom circle,” appears on the display.

5. To release the cursor, press the CURSOR FLOAT soft key. (The solid circle changes to a dashed one.) To relocate the zoom circle, select location with the trackball, then press the CURSOR LOCK key.

6. To quit the zoom funct ion, press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select OFF.

2. RADAR OPERATION

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H-UP

Zoom circle

Zoom window

Zoom

2.15.2 Zooming in on ARP, TTM targets

You may zoom in on TTM (Tracked Target Message) and ARP targets. TTM targets can come from a NavNet connected radar, or from other ARP radar that is outputting the TTM message. (TTM is a NMEA 0183 data sentence that is an available output from some ARP capable radar.) Target numbers must be turned on to use this function. This can be done by enabling the target ID number option in the ARP SETUP menu.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the ZOOM/D. BOX soft key to show ZOOM & D. BOX soft keys.

3. Press the ZOOM ON/OFF soft key to select ZOOM ON.

4. Press the ARP TGT ZM soft key.

ZOOM & D. BOX

ZOOM

ON /OFF

CURSOR

FLOAT

ARP TGT ZM

D. BOX ON/OFF

RETURN

17.9°R

0.190nm

Requires optional ARP Board. Not shown otherwise.

2-19

2. RADAR OPERATION

Target no. selection window

5. Use the [E NTER] knob to select num ber (1-10), then push the [ ENTER] knob. If the target number does not exist several beeps sound and the zoom function is cancelled.

To cancel, press the CURSOR LOCK soft key.

2.16 Shifting the Picture

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced manually or automatically to expand the view field without switching to a larger scale.

2.16.1 Manual shift

SELECT TARGET NO.

▲

▼

The sweep origin can be shifted in any presentation mode to a point specified by the cursor by up to 60% of the range in use in any direction.

1. Locate the cursor anywhere within the effective radius of the display.

2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

3. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.

4. Press the SHIFT soft key.

5. Press the MANUAL soft key to shift. T he heading line shifts to the cursor location. SHIFT appears at right-hand corner of the display.

6. To cancel shift, press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys in that order.

SHIFT

Cursor

Place cursor where desired.

Press the MANUAL soft key.

2-20

Shifting the picture manually

2.16.2 Automatic shift

The amount of automatic shift is calculated with speed, and the amount is limited to 60% of the range in use. For example, if you set the shift speed setting for 15 knots and the ship is running at 10 knots, the amount of shift will be about 40%. The formula for determining shift amount is as shown below.

2. RADAR OPERATION

Ship's speed Shift speed setting

X 0.6 = Amount of shift(%)

Automatic shift mode is only available in the head-up mode.

Setting automatic shift maximum speed

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLY soft key.

3. Press the SHIFT soft key to show the shift soft keys.

4. Press the AUTO S.SPD soft key to display the auto ship speed setting window.

AUTO SHIP SPEED

Auto ship speed setting window

5. Adjust the trackball or [ENTER] knob to set the maximum speed of your vessel, and then push the [ENTER] knob or the ENTER soft key to set. The setting range is 1-999 kt and the default setting is 15 kt.

6. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Automatic shift

Press the AUTO key to automatically shift the sweep origin. To cancel shift, press the RADAR DISPLY, SHIFT and OFF soft keys in that order.

2-21

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.17 Using the Offset EBL

The offset EBL can be used to predict a potential collision course. It can also be used to measure the range and bearing between two targets.

2.17.1 Predicting collision course

The procedure below may be used to check if a radar target is on a potential collision course with your vessel.

1. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys.

2. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1.

3. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position and an “X” appears at the cursor position.

4. Use the trackball t o place the cursor on the radar target which looks like it might be on a collision course with own ship.

5. Push the [E NTER] knob to fix the origin position.

6. Af ter waiting for a few minutes (at least three m inutes), rotate the [ENTER]

knob so the EBL bisects the target at the new position. If t he target tracks along the EBL towards the center of the display (your ship’s position), the target may be on a collision course with your vessel.

7. To cancel the offset EBL, press the OF FSET soft key.

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H-UP

EBL1 ON

VRM1

Target tracked here

Initial target position

EBL1

45.0˚R VRM1

-.---nm

OFFSET

EBL2 ON

VRM2 ON

359.9°R

11.7nm

0.277nm

Predicting collision course with the offset EBL

EBL VRM

2-22

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.17.2 Measuring range & bearing between two targets

The procedure which follows shows how to measure the range and bearing between two targets, using the targets “A” and “B” in the figure below as an example.

1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target “A.”

2. Press the [EBL/VRM] key to show the EBL/VRM soft keys.

3. Press the EBL1 ON soft key to turn on the EBL1.

4. Press the OFFSET soft key. The origin of EBL1 moves to the cursor position, which is marked with an “X.”

5. Rotate the [ E NTER] knob so the EBL bisects the target “B.”

6. Press the [ENT ER] knob.

7 Press the VRM1 ON soft key and then rotate the [ENTER] knob to place the

VRM1 on the inner edge of the target “B.”

8 Look at the indications for VRM1 and EBL1 to find the range and bearing

between the two targets.

9 To cancel the offset EBL, press the OFFSET key.

Target B

Target A

Bearing and range between target A and target B

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H-UP

EBL1

45.0°R VRM1

7.121nm

EBL1 ON

VRM1 ON

OFFSET

EBL2 ON

VRM2 ON

359.9°R

0.277nm

EBL VRM

Measuring range and bearing between two targets

2-23

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.18 Echo Trails

Echo trails are simulated afterglow of target echoes that represent t heir movements relative or true to own ship. This function is useful for alert ing you past possible collision situations.

2.18.1 Trail time

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET soft key.

3. Press the TRAIL soft key.

Echo trail

Sample echo trails

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TRAIL

ON /OFF

TRAIL TIME

GRAD

SINGLE

HIGH

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

Trail soft keys

4. Press the TRAIL TIME soft key to show the trail time window.

TRAIL TIME

▲

15 seconds

30 seconds

1 minute

3 minutes

6 minutes

15 minutes

30 minutes

CONTINUOUS

▼

2-24

Trail time window

4. Use the trackball to select time desired.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.

2.18.2 Starting echo trails

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET soft key.

3. Press the TRAIL soft key.

4. Press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select ON.

5. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.

“TRAIL,” the echo trail time selected and elapsed time appear at the top right-hand corner of the display. Then, afterglow starts extending from all targets. Trails are restarted when the range or mode is changed and zoom or shift is turned on.

For continuous trails, the maximum continuous trail time is 99 minutes and 59 seconds. When the elapsed time clock counts up to that time, the elapsed time display resets to zero and trails begin again.

To turn off echo trail, press the TRAIL ON/OFF soft key to select OFF at step 4 in the above procedure.

2.18.3 Trail gradation

2. RADAR OPERATION

The echo trails can be shown in single or multiple gradations. Multiple gradation paints the trails thinner with time, like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] soft key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET and TRAIL soft keys.

3. Press the GRAD soft key to select SINGLE or MULTI as appropriate.

4. Press the RETURN soft key twice to finish.

Multitone Monotone

Multitone and monotone trails

2-25

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.18.4 Echo trail mode

Echo trails may be shown in Relative or True motion. (True motion requires speed and heading inputs.)

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP key.

3. Choose TRAIL MODE, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate, then press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

TRAIL MODE

▲

TRUE

RELATIVE

▼

Trail mode window

2-26

2.19 Echo Stretch

Normally, the reflected echoes from long range targets appear on the display as weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar’s internal circuitry. The echo stretch function magnifies these small blips in all ranges. Two types of echo stretch are available: ES LOW which stretches echoes in bearing direction and ES HIGH which stretches them in both range and bearing directions.

Target

Bearing direction

2. RADAR OPERATION

Range direction

Bearing direction

Echo Stretch OFF

This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar interference. For this reason, be sure sea clutter and radar interference are properly suppressed before activating the echo stretch.

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

3. Press the E. STR soft key to select HIGH, LOW or OFF as appropriate.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The display shows ES H (High) or ES L (Low) when the echo stretch is on.

"LOW" Echo stretch "HIGH" Echo stretch

Types of echo stretch

2-27

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.20 Echo Averaging

The echo averaging feature effectively suppresses sea clutter. Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position during every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, echo average performs scan-to-scan correlation. Correlation is made by storing and averaging echo signals over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans resulting in the reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter.

To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter with the A/C SEA control and then do the following:

1. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.

2. Press the SIGNAL PROC. soft key.

3. Press the E. AVG soft key to select desired echo averaging.

OFF: No averaging

LOW: Helps distinguish targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance

of unstable echoes.

MED: Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys.

HIGH: Stably displays distant targets.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

The display shows EAV L, EAV M or EAV H when echo averaging is on.

(a) Echo average OFF (b) Echo average ON

Effect of echo averaging

2-28

2.21 Outputting TLL Data

Target position data can be output to units of the network and shown on their plotter screens with the TLL mark ( heading data.

1. Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target whose position you wish to output.

2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.

3. Press the TARGET soft key.

2. RADAR OPERATION

). This function requires position and

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TARGET

H-UP

TRAIL

TLL OUTPUT

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

ACQ

TARGET INFO

Requires ARP circuit board in Model 1800/1900 series NavNet radar. Not shown otherwise..

TARGET soft keys

4. Press the TLL OUTPUT soft key to output target position data. The TLL mark is inscribed on the plotter display at the target’s position the moment the TLL OUTPUT soft key was pressed. Further, that position is recorded as a waypoint on all NavNet units, under the youngest empty waypoint number on each NavNet unit.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: The screen of the TLL recipient may be temporarily interrupted when

receiving TLL from another NavNet display unit. Press any key to restore normal operation.

2-29

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.22 Guard Alarm

The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing f or a guard zone. When ships, islands, landmasses, etc. violate the guard zone, an audio alarm sounds and the offending target blinks to call the operator’s attention.

CAUTION

• The alarm should not be relied upon as

the sole means for detecting possible collision situations.

• A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes.

2.22.1 Setting a guard alarm zone

To set a guard alarm zone, set the radar to transmit and do the following:

1. Press the [ALARM] key.

2. Use the trackball to set the cursor on the top left corner (or top right corner) of the guard zone you want to set, then press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key, depending on which guard zone you want to set.

3. Use the trackball to set the cursor on the bottom right corner (or top left corner) of the guard zone area, then push the [ENTER] knob.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

.125nm SP

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ALARM

H-UP

SET GUARD1

SET GUARD2

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

ALARM GUARD 1

SET GUARD1

ERASE GUARD1

SET GUARD2

2-30

RETURN

MOVE +CURSOR TO ANOTHER CORNER OF GUARD1 AND PUSH KNOB TO SET.

317.2°R

0.230nm

(1) Drag cursor to top (or bottom) corner for guard zone and press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key.

How to set a guard alarm zone

RETURN

NO ALARM

.125n

.032nm

39.9°R

0.211nm

(2) Drag cursor diagonally to bottom (or top) corner for guard zone and press the [ENTER] knob.

2. RADAR OPERATION

The equipment then searches for targets inside the guard zone to determine guard alarm type. If a target is found inside the guard zone, the guard zone type becomes an “Outward guard alarm,” and any target exiting the guard zone will trigger the audio alarm. If no target is found, the guard zone type becomes an “Inward guard alarm,” and any targets entering the guard zone will trigger the audio alarm. The guard alarm type is shown as G1(G2) IN or G1(G2) OUT.

Note 1: When the radar range is less than the guard zone range, the audio

alarm sounds and the alarm icon appears. Press the [CLEAR] key to silence the alarm. Press the [ALARM] key and the message “GUARD1(2) IS OUTSIDE RADAR RANGE” appears. Reselect appropriate range.

Note 2: If the network radar is set to standby while the guard alarm is active, the

guard alarm is cancelled. The guard alarm is redisplayed when the radar is set to transmit again.

Note 3: If the network radar is set to standby while the radar picture is not

displayed, the audio alarm sounds. Press the [ALARM] key and the message “STBY MODE HAS BEEN SELECTED. GUARD/WTCHMN CANCELED.” or “GUARD/WATCHMAN CANCELED. STBY/TX SELECTED.” appears.

2.22.2 When the alarm is violated…

Any radar target violating the guard zone will flash, the audio alarm sounds, and the alarm icon appears. Additionally the message “TARGET ENTERED INTO GUARD1(GUARD2)” or “TARGET LEFT FROM GUARD1(GUARD2)” is displayed at the bottom of the screen. Press the [CLEAR] key to silence the alarm. When this is done, “G1(G2) ACK” replaces G1(G2) IN(OUT) at the top right corner of the display. This means the alarm is temporarily deactivated. To reactivate the alarm, press the SET GUARD1 or SET GUARD2 soft key as appropriate.

2.22.3 Cancelling the guard alarm

1. Press the [ALARM] key to show the ALARM menu.

2. Press the ERASE GUARD1 or ERASE GUARD2 soft key as appropriate.

3. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2-31

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.23 Watchman

2.23.1 How watchman works

The watchman function periodically transmits radar pulses for one minute to check for targets in a guard zone. If a target is found in the zone, watchman is cancelled, the audio alarm sounds and t he radar continues transmitting. If no target is found the radar goes into standby for the number of minutes designated on the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP menu. This feature is useful when you do not need the radar’s funct ion continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a specific area. “WTCH” appears at the top left corner when Watchman is active.

ST-BY

1 min

Watchman starts

5,10 or 20 min

* Beeps emitted just before radar transmits.

1 min

How watchman works

2.23.2 Turning on/off watchman

1. Set a guard zone. (See the paragraph 2.22.)

2. If not displayed, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to displa y the radar soft keys.

3. Press the NAV FUNC soft key.

4. Press the W. MAN ON/OFF soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate.

5. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Note: When the watchman is activated and no guard zone is active, the

message “PLEASE SET GUARD ZONE. PUSH ANY KEY TO CONTINUE.” appears. Press any key and then set a guard zone.

2.23.3 Setting watchman stand-by interval

5,10 or 20 min

2-32

The watchman standby interval, that is, the number of minutes the radar is in standby, can be set to 5, 10 or 20 minutes as follows:

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Select WATCHMAN TIME, then press the EDIT soft key.

WATCHMAN TIME



5 minutes

¡

10 minutes

20 minutes

Watchman window

4. Select time desired, then press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distance targets may appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, or after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.

Tx repetition

Actual range

Second-trace echo

False echo range

Second-trace echoes

To activate or deactivate the second-trace echo rejector do the following:

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the RADAR DISPLAY SETUP soft key.

3. Use the trackball to select 2ND ECHO REJECTION, then press the EDIT soft key.

4. Choose ON or OFF as appropriate, then press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2-33

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.25 Waypoint Marker

A waypoint marker, showing the location of the destination waypoint set on the plotter, may be inscribed on the radar display.

.125nm SP

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H-UP

Waypoint marker

NAV FUNC

W. MAN ON/OFF

WPT MK

ON /OFF

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

Waypoint marker

1. If not already shown, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to display the radar soft keys.

2. Press the NAV FUNC soft key.

3. Press the WPT MK ON/OF F soft key to select ON or OFF as appropriate.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

2-34

2.26 ARP, TTM O p eration

With the optional ARP circuit board, you can manually and automatically acquire and track ten targets. Once a target is acquired automatically or manually it is automatically tracked within 0.1 to 32 nm. If the FURUNO heading sens or PG-1000 is used, the data sentence “RMC” is necessary.

Alternatively, you can display the tracks of other ships by receiving the data sentence TTM (Tracked Target Message) via the NETWORK or NMEA port on the display unit. However, targets cannot be acquired.

Usage precautions for ARP

2. RADAR OPE RATION

WARNING

No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

• This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquired radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of this auto plotter meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15-30 seconds for high relative speed; 30-60 seconds for low relative speed.

Display accuracy is affected by the following:

• Echo intensity

• Radar transmission pulsewidth

• Radar bearing error

• Gyrocompass error

• Course change (own ship or target)

2-35

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.26.1 Activating/deactivating ARP, TTM

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu.

ARP TARGET INFO

INTERNAL ARP

CANCEL ALL TARGETS

ARP VECTOR MODE

TRUE

ARP VECTOR TIME

30 minutes

HISTORY INTERVAL

OFF

CPA

OFF

TCPA

30 seconds

AUTO ACQUISITION AREA

OFF TARGET ID NUMBER OFF

ARP SETUP

EDIT

RETURN

ARP setup menu

2. Select ARP TARGET INFO, then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP target info window.

ARP TARGET INFO

▲

INTERNAL ARP

¡

EXTERNAL ARP

OFF

▼

ARP target info window

3. Select INT ERNAL ARP, EXTERNAL ARP or OFF as appropriate.

INTERNAL ARP: The radar source must be an ARP-equipped Model 1800/1900 series NavNet radar. Select this item also for a NavNet unit being fed ARP targets.

EXTERNAL ARP: Receive TTM data sentence via N MEA or NETW ORK port. Target tracks are shown but targets cannot be acquired.

OFF: Turns off the ARP or TTM display.

4. Press the ENTER soft key.

5. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2-36

2.26.2 Acquiring and tracking targets (ARP)

Ten targets may be acquired and tracked manually and automatically. When you attempt to acquire an eleventh target, the message “ARP FULL – ALREADY TRACKING 10 TARGETS!” appears for five seconds. To acquire another target, terminate tracking of an unnecessary target as shown in the paragraph “2.26.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets.”

Manual acquisition

1. If not already shown, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

2. Press the TARGET soft key.

3. Place the cursor on the target to acquire, then press the ACQ soft key.

4. Press the RETURN soft key.

The plot symbol changes over time as below. A vector appears about one minute after acquisition, indicating the target’s motion trend.

2. RADAR OPERATION

Vector

01*

At acquisition 1 min. after

acquisition

* = Target number shown when TARGET ID NUMBER is turned on in the ARP SETUP menu.

01*

3 min. after acquisition

01*

Target Number

ARP plot symbols

Automatic acquisition

The ARP can acquire up to ten targets automatically by setting an automatic acquisition area. When automatic acquisition is selected after acquiring targets manually, only the remaining capacity for targets may be automatically acquired. For example, if seven targets have been manually acquired, three targets may be automatically acquired.

1. Press the [MENU] key to show the main menu.

2. Press the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu.

3. Operate the trackball to select AUTO ACQUISITION AREA.

4. Press the EDIT soft key to show the automatic acquisition area window.

AUTO ACQ. AREA

▲

OFF

▼

Automatic acquisition area window

5. Select ON, then press the ENTER soft key.

2-37

2. RADAR OPERATION

6. Press the [MENU] key to close t he menu. An acquisition area of 2.0 to 2.5 miles in range and ±45º on either side of the heading line in bearing appears.

Note: Targets being tracked in automatic acquisition are continuously

tracked when switching to manual acquisition.

Automatic acquisition area

45° port

2.0 - 2.5 nm

Automatic acquisition area

2.26.3 Displaying target number (ARP, TTM)

Target number can be shown for ARP and TTM targets as below.

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

ARP Target Number

45° starboard

TARGET

TRAIL

TLL OUTPUT

ACQ

TARGET INFO

2-38

ARP target number

1. Press the [MENU] key.

2. Press the ARP SETUP soft key.

3. Select TARGET ID NUMBER.

4. Press the EDIT soft key.

5. Select ON or O FF as appropriate.

6. Press the ENTER soft key.

7. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

2.26.4 Terminating tracking of ARP targets

When ten targets have been acquired, no more acquisition occurs unless targets are cancelled. If you need to acquire additional targets, you must first cancel one or more individual targets, or all targets, using one of the procedures below.

Terminating tracking of selected targets

1. Place the cursor on the target to terminate tracking.

2. Press the [CLEAR] key to terminate track and erase the target.

Terminating tracking of all targets

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.

2. Select CANCEL ALL TARGETS.

3. Press the EDIT soft key.

CANCEL ALL TARGETS

▲

¡ ¤

▼

YES NO

2. RADAR OPERATION

Cancel all targets window

4. Select YES.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2-39

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.26.5 Setting vector attributes (ARP)

What is a vector?

A vector is a line extending from a tracked target which shows estimated speed and course of the target. The vector tip shows an estim ated position of the target after the selected vector tim e elapses. It can be useful to extend the vector length (time) in order to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

Vector

Vector reference, vector time

You may reference the vectors to North (True, requires heading and speed data) or ship’s heading (relative) as desired. Vector time can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 3, 6, 15 or 30 minutes.

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key to show the ARP SETUP menu.

2. Operate t he trackball to select ARP VECTOR MODE.

3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP vector mode window.

Vector

ARP VECTOR MODE

RELATIVE TRUE

ARP vector mode window

4. Select TRUE or RELATIVE as appropriate.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Select ARP VECTOR TIME, then press the EDIT soft key to show the ARP vector time window.

ARP VECTOR TIME

▲

30 seconds

1 minute

¡

3 minutes

¡

6 minutes

¡

15 minutes

30 minutes

▼

ARP vector time window

7. Operate t he trackball to select vector tim e among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min, 6 min, 15 min and 30 min.

8. Press the ENTER soft key.

9. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2-40

2.26.6 Displaying past position (ARP)

This ARP can display time-spaced dots (maximum ten dots) marking the past positions of any targets being tracked. You can evaluate a target’s actions by the spacing between dots. Below are examples of dot spacing and target movement.

2. RADAR OPERATION

(a) Ship turning

(b) Ship running straight

(d) Ship increased speed

Past position displays

To turn the past position display on or off:

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.

2. Operate the trackball to select HISTORY INTERVAL.

3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the history interval window.

HISTORY INTERVAL

▲

OFF

¡

30 seconds

¡

1 minute

¡

3 minutes

6 minutes

▼

Plot interval window

4. Operate the trackball to select history interval among 30 sec, 1 min, 3 min and 6 min, or select OFF to turn off the past position display.

5. Press the ENTER soft key.

6. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2-41

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.26.7 ARP, TTM target data

You can show motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA) for ARP or TTM targets. Note that TARGET ID NUMBER, in the ARP SETUP menu, must be turned on to display this data.

1. Place the cursor on t he target whose data you want to see.

2. If not already displayed, press the [ HI DE/SHOW] key to show the radar soft keys.

3. Press the TARGET and TARGET INFO soft keys. The data of the selected target appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the display. (If an EBL/VRM data box is displayed ARP data will be under it.)

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

5. To erase the ARP/TTM data box, select the corresponding target with the cursor, then press the [CLEAR] key.

Cursor

ARP Target

.125nm SP

.250/ 319.9

H-UP

No.01 VECTOR TRUE 15min CSE 359.9 CPA 2.21nm TCPA 12:35

CPA and TCPA Course and Speed Target No., Vector Reference (True), Vector Time

T SPD 12.5kt

TARGET

TRAIL

TLL OUTPUT

ACQ

TGT INFO

RETURN

359.9°R

0.277nm

ARP target data

2-42

2.26.8 CPA/TCPA alarm (ARP)

When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range or its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, an audio alarm sounds and the speaker icon appears. In addition, the target plot symbol of the offending target changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector. You may silence the audio alarm with the [CLEAR] key. Press the [ALARM] key and the message “COLLISION ALARM” appears. Press the CLEAR ALARM soft key to acknowledge the alarm. The flashing of the triangle plot symbol continues until you intentionally terminate tracking of the target. The ARP continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each track to own ship.

This feature helps alert you to targets which may be on a collision course with own ship. However, it is important that gain, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted and the ARP is set up so that it can track targets effectively.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

2. RADAR OPERATION

CAUTION

The CPA/TCPA alarm should never be relied upon as the sole means for detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is not relieved of the responsibility to keep visual lookout for avoiding collisions, whether or not the radar or other plotting aid is in use.

Follow the steps shown below to set the CPA/TCPA alarm range:

1. Press the [MENU] key followed by the ARP SETUP soft key.

2. Operate the trackball to select CPA.

3. Press the EDIT soft key to show the CPA window.

CPA

▲

OFF

0.5nm

¡

1nm

¡

2nm

¡

3nm

¡

5nm

6nm

▼

CPA window

4. Select a CPA limit desired from 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 2 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm and 6 nm with the trackball.

5. Press the ENTER soft key. The ARP SETUP menu reappears.

6. Press the trackball to select TCPA.

7. Press the EDIT soft key to show the TCPA window.

2-43

2. RADAR OPERATION

8. Select a TCPA limit among 30 sec, 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 6 min and 12 min.

9. Press the ENTER soft key.

10. Press the [MENU] key to close the menu.

2.26.9 Lost target alarm (ARP)

TCPA

▲

30 seconds

1 minute

¡

2 minutes

¡

3 minutes

¡

4 minutes

¡

5 minutes

¡

6 minutes

12 minutes

▼

TCPA window

When the system detects a lost target, the target symbol becomes a diamond and tracking is discontinued after one minute.

Lost target mark

Canceling a lost target

1. Place the cursor on the target.

2. Press the [CLEAR] key.

2-44

2.27 Interpreting the Radar Disp lay

)

2.27.1 General

Minimum and maximum ranges

2. RADAR OPERATION

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of

1.5 or 0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m

is still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position. It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang suppression and digital quantization. It is best to use the shortest possible range as long as the clarity and definition of the picture remain good.

Maximum r ange

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. Rmax is given in the following equation.

= 2.2 x (h1 + h2

where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles) h1: antenna height (m) h2: target height (m)

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

Radar horizon

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

= 2.2 x (9 + 16) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 n

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).

2-45

2. RADAR OPERATION

Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution.

Bearing resolution

Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display the echoes received from two targets, which are at the same range and close together, as separate targets. Bearing resolution is directly proportional to the antenna length, and inversely proportional to the radar's wavelength.

Range resolution

Range resolution is the ability to display the echoes received from two targets, which are on the same bearing and close to each other, as separate targets.

Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading marker at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, select a range which will put the target as far out to the edge of the radar screen as possible.

Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar. There are three means of measuring range: the fixed range rings, the trackball and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The trackball is rolled to place the cursor on the leading edge of the target. Range and bearing to the target is shown at the bottom right-hand corner of the display. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

2-46

2.27.2 False echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets. False target situations may be recognized, however, if you understand why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the [A/C SEA] control.

2. RADAR OPERATION

True echo

Target

Own ship

Multiple echo

Multiple echoes

Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam. This stray RF is called a “sidelobe.” If a target exists where it can be detected by the sidelobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/C SEA control.

Target A

Target B (Spurious)

Target B (True)

Sidelobe echoes

2-47

2. RADAR OPERATION

;

Virtual image

A relatively large target close to your ship may show at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen.

Target ship

Own ship

True

echo

Mirror image

of target ship

False echo

Virtual image

Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector or blind spot may be produced. Within this sector, targets can not be detected.

Radar antenna

Radar mast

Shadow sector

Shadow sectors

2-48

2.27.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete

radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band

back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver. If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display, thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

2. RADAR OPERATION

Position of SART

Screen A: When SART is distant

Echo from SART

24 NM

Own ship position

9500 MHz

9200 MHz

Radar antenna beamwidth

SART mark length

Sweep time

7.5 µs 95 µs

Screen B: When SART is close

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

1.5 NM

Own ship position

Radar receiver bandwidth

Echo from SART

Position of SART

Low speed sweep signal

Sweep start

High speed sweep signal

Appearance of SART signal on the radar display

2-49

2. RADAR OPERATION

General procedure for detecting SART response

1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART.

2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression (if applicable).

3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.

General remarks on receiving SART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar sidelobes

As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the [A/C SEA] control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship.

Gain

For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used, that is, with background noise speckle visible.

2-50

A/C SEA control

For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum. Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured. Note also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case, the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9.5 nm from the furthest dot back towards own ship.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual.

A/C RAIN control

This should be used normally (to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a SART response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the anti-clutter rain circuitry. Note that racon responses, which are often in the form of a long flash, will be affected by the use of this control.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual.

Note: This SART information is excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of

Marine Radar for SART Detection.

2.27.4 Racon (Radar Beacon)

2. RADAR OPERATION

A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered by a ship’s radar (usually only the 3 centimeter band). The signal may be emitted on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is superimposed on the ship's radar display automatically.

The racon signal appears on the PPI as a radial line originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal (see figure below) displayed radially from just beyond the beacon.

Racon

Appearance of racon signal on the radar display

2-51

This page is intentionally left blank.

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

3.1 Plotter Displays

You may show the plotter display over the entire screen, or in a combinat ion screen.

3.1.1 Full-screen plotter display

Nav data window (Data changes with NAV soft key setting and cursor status. For details see next page.)

Scale

Icon (from left) North Marker Chart Alarm Battery Track Hold Chart Offset Save L/L Offset Battery Simulation (See icon table on page A-12 for details.)

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° M 080° 22. 3456'E

16.0nm

002WP

FISH

Waypoint name

Waypoint marker

Course bar

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

BRIDGE

TRIP

MARK

ENTRY

MODE

NTH UP

NAV

POS

D. BOX ON/OFF

Own ship marker

Own ship track

Functions for soft keys

Full-screen plotter display

Note: The own ship marker blinks when the FURUNO GPS Receiver GP-310B

loses the GPS signal. For the NavNet display units receiving the GPS signal, the message “No GPS fix!” appears approx. one minute after the signal is lost and is accompanied by the audio alarm. For the NavNet display unit connected to the GP-310B, the visual alarm is released soon after loss and the audio alarm sounds five m inutes later.

3-1

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Nav data window

The data shown in the nav data window depend s on the status of the NAV soft key and the cursor.

Latitude and longitude of cursor intersection

Waypoint data (waypoint selected with cursor)

Latitude, Longitude

34°24. 3456'N 359. 9°M

124°24. 3456'W 59.9nm 99. 9nm

Cursor Mark

001WPT

Bearing to Cursor

TRIP

Range to Cursor

Trip Distance

CourseBearing to WaypointWaypoint Name

359. 9°M359. 9°M

19. 9nm 19. 9kt 99. 9nm

SpeedRange to WaypointWaypoint Mark Trip Distance

TRIP

Presentation Mode

Own ship position

Destination waypoint data

Own ship speed and course

NAV POS

soft key

NAV WPT

soft key

NAV S/C

soft key

CourseLatitude, Longitude

34°24. 3456'N 359. 9°M

TRIP

124°24. 3456'W 19. 9kt 99. 9nm

Own Ship Mark Speed Trip Distance

Bearing to WaypointWaypoint Name

001WPT

Waypoint Mark

Course, Speed

CSE

359. 9°M 359. 9 °M 79. 9°F NU

SOG

19. 9kt 99. 9nm 345 ft

Range to Waypoint

Bearing to Waypoint

BRG RNG

359. 9°M

19. 9nm

TTG

4D02H23M NU

ETA

1st 13:45

Estimated Time of Arrival

TMP DPT

Presentation Mode

Time-to-Go to Destination

Presentation Mode

3-2

Turns off nav data window

NAV OFF

soft key

Range to Waypoint

Water Temp.*, Depth*

Contents of nav data window

* Requires appropriate sensor.

3.1.2 Compass display

The compass display, shown in combination displays, provides st eering information. The compass rose shows two triangles: the solid triangle shows own ship’s course and the hollow triangle, which moves with course change, shows the bearing to destination waypoint .

The water temperature and depth graphs, which require appropriate sensors, show the latest 10 minutes of water temperature and depth data. The range of the depth graph is 50 feet and it is automatically adjusted with depth.

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Speed

Time-to-go to destination

Waypoint bearing

Depth graph*

* = Requires appropriate sensor.

TO W a ypoint

003WPT

0D 9H 59MTTG 23th23:59

DPT

45.2ft

Shown when direction to steer is "left."

RNG

99.9 nm

10.0

SOG

ETA

BRG

359.9°M

CSE

359.9°M

Bearing scale

XTE monitor (Direction off course; direction to steer)

Range to waypoint

STW

TMP

10.0

16.2°F

Direction to steer

Estimated time of arrival at destination

Ship's course

Water temperature graph*

Compass display

3-3

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Reading the XTE (cross-track error) monitor

The XTE monitor, located below the compass rose, shows the distance you are off course and the direction to steer to return to course. The own ship marker moves according to direction and distance off course. It flashes when own ship’s cross-track error is more than the XTE monitor range. An arrow appears at the left or right side of the XTE scale and it shows the direction to steer. In the example on the previous page you would steer right t o return to course. To maintain course, steer the vessel so the own ship marker stays at the center of the XTE monitor.

Soft keys EDIT XT-LMT: Sets the range for XTE monitor scale. See the procedure below

for how to set. RESET XTE: The RESET XTE enables you to restart navigation, when a destination is set. Press the EDIT XT-LMT soft key followed by the RESET XTE soft key. The following message is displayed.

RESTART NAVGATION TO CURRENT WPT. ARE YOU SURE? YES ... PUSH ENTER KNOB NO ... PUSH CLEAR KEY

Setting the range for the XTE monitor

1. With the compass (or highway) display shown, press the EDIT XT-LMT soft key to display the following window.

XTE LIMIT

0 .1nm

XTE range setting window

2. Use the trackball to select digit t o change. Note that all digits may be cleared

by pressing the [CLEAR] key.

3. Rotate the [ENTER] knob to set value, then push it to register setting, or

press the CANCEL soft key to cancel.

3-4

3.1.3 Highway display

The highway display, shown in the combination displays, provides a graphic presentation of ship’s track along intended course. It is useful for monitoring ship’s progress toward a waypoint. The own ship marker shows relation between ship and intended course. The XTE monitor shows the direction and amount your vessel is off course – the arrow shows the direction to steer to return to your course and the numeric the distance you are off course. Using the figure below as an example, you would steer right 0.009 nm to return to course. To maintain course, steer the vessel so the own ship marker stays aligned with the intended course line.

Speed over ground, speed through water

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Time-to-go to destination

Destination waypoint

003WPT

0D 9H 59M

TTG 23th23:59

0.9 nm

Shown when direction to steer is "left."

Range to destination waypoint

RNG

99.9 nm

10.0

SOG

WPT001

0.009nm

XTE monitor

STW

ETA

Direction to steer

10.0

0.9 nm

Estimated time of arrival at destination

Intended course

Own ship marker

XTE range

Highway display

Soft keys EDIT XT-LMT: Sets the range for XTE monitor scale. See the procedure on the

previous page for how to set. RESET XTE: The RESET XTE enables you to restart navigation, when a destination is set. Press the EDIT XT-LMT soft key followed by the RESET XTE soft key. See the previous page for details.

3-5

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

3.1.4 Nav data display

The nav data display provides comprehensive navigation data, and it can be shown in a full-screen display and a combination display. The user may select what data to display and where to display it. For details see the paragraph “5.8 Nav Data Display Setup.”

Appropriate sensors are required. Bars ( - -) appear when corresponding sensor is not connected.

Position

POSITION

34° 34. 5678' N

120° 34. 5678'

34° 14. 5678' N

120° 14. 5678'

10.0 kt

9.2° M

1324.1 ft

Depth Bearing to

waypoint Speed through

water Waypoint

Position

Full-screen display

Water temperature

SOGWPT POSITION

10.0 kt

COURSESTW

101.6° M

RANGEBEARING

0.18 nm

TEMPDEPTH

18.2 °C

Range to waypoint

Course

Speed over ground

103 nm

ET A

1st 1:25

2001

FEB 1

Half-screen display

TTGTRIP LOG

0D 2H 30M

TIMEDATE

01:27:05

3-6

Nav data displays

3.2 Presentation Mode

Three types of presentation modes are provided for the plotter display: north-up, course-up and auto course-up. To change the presentation mode, press the [HIDE/SHOW] key followed by the MODE soft key. Each press of the key changes the presentation mode and presentation mode indication (top right-hand corner of the screen) cyclically in the sequence of North-up, Course-up and Auto course-up.

3.2.1 North-up

North (zero degree) is at the top of the display and own ship is shown with a filled circle. This mode is useful for long-range navigation.

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° 080° 22. 3456'E

TRIP

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

16.0nm

WP-002

FISH

BRIDGE

MARK

ENTRY

MODE

NTH UP

NAV

POS

D.BOX ON/ OFF

Plotter display, north-up mode

3-7

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

3.2.2 Course-up

The course-up mode is useful for monitoring ship’s progress towards a waypoint. The destination is at the top of the screen when a destination is set. When no destination is set, the course or heading is at the top of the screen at the moment the course-up mode is selected. A filled triangle marks own ship’s position. Note that the data sentences GGA and VTG must be output from the NavNet display unit connected to the GPS navigator in order to correctly orient the own ship marker in the course-up mode on other NavNet display units.

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° M TRIP CU

080° 22. 3456'E

16.0nm

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

WPT 001

MARK

ENTRY

MODE

CSE UP

CENTER

Plotter display, course-up mode, destination set

3.2.3 Auto course-up

The course is at the top of screen at the moment the auto course-up mode is selected. In this mode, the current course is kept at the top of the screen within

22.5 degrees. For example, if your vessel turns more than 22.5 degrees to port

or starboard, the chart display will rotate so that your course is pointing towards the top of the screen again.

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9° M

080° 22. 3456'E

16.0 nm

GO TO CURSOR

D. BOX ON/ OFF

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

TRIP

MARK

ENTRY

MODE

AT CU

3-8

CENTER

GOTO CURSOR

D. BOX ON/OFF

Auto course-up display

3.3 Shifting the Display

The plotter display can be shifted as below.

1. Use the trackball to display the cursor. Locate the cursor at a screen edge. The screen shifts in the direction opposite of cursor location.

2. To turn off the cursor, press the CENTER soft key. This also returns the own ship marker to the screen center.

3.4 Chart Scale

Chart scale (range) may be selected with the [RANGE -] or [RANGE +] key. The [-] key expands the chart range; the [+] key shrinks it. The available ranges are shown as below.

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Charts scales

nm 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 km 0.23 0.46 0.93 1.85 3.70 7.41 14.8 29.6 59.3 119 237 474 948 1896 3742 sm 0.144 0.29 0.58 1.15 2.30 4.60 9.21 18.4 36.8 73.7 147 295 589 1178 2356

Note: When the display is expanded or shrunk beyond the range of the chart

card in use the message “NO CHART” appears, along with the appropriate chart icon. See the illustration on the next page for details.

3-9

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

3.5 Chart Cards

3.5.1 Chart card overview

Your plotter uses FURUNO and NavCharts™ (NAVIONICS) charts, or C-MAP charts, depending on the type of display unit you have.

When you insert a suitable chart card in the slot and your boat is any cartographic object, a chart appears. If a wrong card is inserted or a wrong chart scale is selected, landmasses will appear hollow. Chart icons appear at the top of the display to help you select a suitable chart scale. The table below shows the chart icons and their meanings.

Chart icons and their meanings

Icon Meaning

Proper card is not inserted or chart scale is too small. Operate the RANGE key to adjust chart scale.

Chart scale is too large. Operate the RANGE key to adjust chart scale.

Suitable chart scale is selected.

3.5.2 Indices and chart enlargement

When the [RANGE] key is operated, you will see several frames appear on the chart. These frames are called indices and they show you what parts of the chart can be enlarged in the current range.

3-10

Sample chart (Japan), showing indices

When a chart cannot be displayed

A chart will not be displayed in the following conditions:

• When the chart scale is too large or too small.

• When scrolling the chart outside the indices.

When this happens, select proper chart scale. Note: Indices can be turned on or off. For further details, see “Chart border

lines” on page 5-12 for FURUNO and NAVIONICS charts and page 5-14 for C-MAP cha rts.

3.5.3 FURUNO and NavCharts™ charts

Chart symbols

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

The table below shows FURUNO and NavCharts meanings.

Chart symbols

Symbol Description

Summit

Wreck

Lighthouse

Lighted Buoy

Buoy

Radio Station

Symbol Description

™ chart symbols and their

Position of Sounding

Obstruction

Fishing Reef

Platform

Anchorage

3-11

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Data for aids to navigation

Selected FURUNO and NavCharts

™ charts can show buoy and lighthouse data.

Simply place the cursor on the lighthouse or buoy mark.

Place the cursor on a lighthouse or buoy mark.

Lighthouse mark

Example of data displayed

Range and bearing from own ship

Period (ex.: 6 seconds)

Visibility in nautical mile (ex.: 12 miles)

NAVAID: /FL 6S 12M FROM OS 52.38nm 48.0°

FL : Flashing F : Fixed light F FL : Fixed and Flashing light MO : Morse code light Oc : Occulting light

Example of buoy, lighthouse data

3-12

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

Port service icons (NavCharts™ only)

Selected NavCharts show services available at ports, with icons.

1. Use the trackball to place the cursor on the sailboat icon (denotes a port or

harbor) desired.

2. Push the [ENTER] knob.

3. Roll the trackball horizontally to select icon desired at the top of the display.

The services available appear directly below the icon selected.

4. Press the RETURN soft key to finish.

Detailed information of service selected

List of services at the port selected

34° 22. 3456'N 359.9°M

080° 22. 3456'E

FIRST AID

16.0nm

19.9 kt 99.9 nm

TRIP

Emergency medical service

Fueling station

Water supply station

CANCEL

Sailboat icon (Port)

Customer service station

Port

Plotter display, showing port service display

Traveler's service station

Marine equipment service

Information center

3-13

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

3.5.4 C-MAP charts

Cursor and data display

Besides its fundamental functions of providing position data, the cursor can also show information about caution area, depth area, source of data, etc. on C-MAP charts. In addition, you can display information about an icon by placing the cursor on it.

1. Press the trackball to turn the cursor on.

2. Use the tr ackball to place the cursor on the position desired.

3. Push the [E NTER] knob to open the Objects window.

Objects Navigation mark, fixed

Beacon, generic

Light

Light Depth area Source of data

Objects window

4. Use the tr ackball to select the item desired.

5. Push the [E NTER] knob to display details for object selected.

Navigation Mark, fixed

Light

Color

White

Height

12.0 Meters

Light characteristic

flashing

Sectorlimit one

64.0 Degrees

Sectorlimit two

138.0 Degrees

Signal group

(3)

Signal period

10.0 Seconds

3-14

Example of caution area window

6. Press the RETURN soft key to close the window.

7. Press the RETURN soft key.

Furuno 1943, 1833, 1933 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

WHAT IS WAAS?

1. OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

1.1 Operating Controls

1.2 Inserting a Chart Card

1.3 Turning the Unit On/Off

1.4 Display Brilliance, Panel Brilliance, Brilliance Boost, Economy Mode

1.5 Selecting a Display

1.6 Trackball, Cursor

1.7 Entering the MOB Mark, Setting MOB as Destination

1.8 Data Boxes

1.9 Function Keys

1.10 Simulation Display

2. RADAR OPERATION

2.1 Radar Display

2.2 Transmitting, Stand-by

2.3 Tuning

2.4 Adjusting the Gain

2.5 Reducing Sea Clutter

2.6 Reducing Precipitation Clutter

2.7 Range Scale

2.8 Pulselength

2.9 Presentation Mode

2.10 Measuring the Range

2.11 Measuring the Bearing

2.12 Erasing the Heading Line, North Marker

2.13 Reducing Noise Interference

2.14 Rejecting Radar Interference

2.15 Zoom

2.16 Shifting the Picture

2.17 Using the Offset EBL

2.18 Echo Trails

2.19 Echo Stretch

2.20 Echo Averaging

2.21 Outputting TLL Data

2.22 Guard Alarm

2.23 Watchman

2.24 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

2.25 Waypoint Marker

2.26 ARP, TTM O p eration

2.27 Interpreting the Radar Disp lay

3. PLOTTER OPERATION

3.1 Plotter Displays

3.2 Presentation Mode

3.3 Shifting the Display

3.4 Chart Scale

3.5 Chart Cards