This manual contains important information for using this product. Read thoroughly before using
the product. Use this product only after thoroughly reading and understanding especially the
section “Important Alert Items” in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully.
FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering
damage to their property. Use the product according to this manual.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO USERS
READ THE ENTIRE MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT.
INCORRECT USE OF THE PRODUCT MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DAMAGE TO
USERS, BYSTANDERS OR PROPERTY.
While FUJITSU has sought to ensure the accuracy of all information in this manual, FUJITSU
assumes no liability to any party for any damage caused by any error or omission contained in this
manual, its updates or supplements, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence,
accident, or any other cause. In addition, FUJITSU assumes no liability with respect to the
application or use of any product or system in accordance with the descriptions or instructions
contained herein; including any liability for incidental or consequential damages arising therefrom.
FUJITSU DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN, WHETHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY.
FUJITSU reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein without further
notice and without obligation.
This product is designed and manufactured for use in standard applications such as office work,
personal devices and household appliances. This product is not intended for special uses (atomic
controls, aeronautic or space systems, mass transport vehicle operating controls, medical devices
for life support, or weapons firing controls) where particularly high reliability requirements exist,
where the pertinent levels of safety are not guaranteed, or where a failure or operational error could
threaten a life or cause a physical injury (hereafter referred to as "mission-critical" use). Customers
considering the use of these products for mission-critical applications must have safety-assurance
measures in place beforehand. Moreover, they are requested to consult our sales representative
before embarking on such specialized use.
The contents of this manual may be revised without prior notice.
The contents of this manual shall not be disclosed in any way or reproduced in any media without
the express written permission of Fujitsu Limited.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2001, 2002
Page 3
Revision History
(1/1)
EditionDate
012001-12-28——
022002-01-30
Revised section (*1)
(Added/Deleted/Altered)
Details
*1 Section(s) with asterisk (*) refer to the previous edition when those were deleted.
C141-E145-02EN
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Page 5
This manual describes the MHR Series, 2.5-inch hard disk drives. These drives
have a built-in controller that is compatible with the ATA interface.
This manual describes the specifications and functions of the drives and explains
in detail how to incorporate the drives into user systems. This manual assumes
that the reader has a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their
implementations in computer systems.
This manual consists of seven chapters and sections explaining the special
terminology and abbreviations used in this manual:
Overview of Manual
CHAPTER 1Device Overview
This chapter gives an overview of the MHR Series and describes their features.
CHAPTER 2Device Configuration
Preface
This chapter describes the internal configurations of the MHR Series and the
configuration of the systems in which they operate.
CHAPTER 3Installation Condit ions
This chapter describes the external dimensions, installation conditions, and switch
settings of the MHR Series.
CHAPTER 4Theory of Device Operation
This chapter describes the operation theory of the MHR Series.
CHAPTER 5Interface
This chapter describes the interface specifications of the MHR Series.
CHAPTER 6Operations
This chapter describes the operations of the MHR Series.
Glossary
The glossary describes the technical terms that need to be understood to read this
manual.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
This section gives the meanings of the definitions used in this manual.
C141-E145-02ENi
Page 6
Preface
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert
message consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists
of an alert symbol and a signal word or just a signal word.
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:
This indicates a hazardous situation could result in
minor or moderate personal injury if the user does
not perform the procedure correctly. This alert
signal also indicates that damages to the product or
other property may occur if the user does not perform
the procedure correctly.
This indicates information that could help the user
use the product more efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message.
A wider line space precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert
message begins and ends. The following is an example:
(Example)
Data corruption:
magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk drive
is not affected by external magnetic fields.
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”
Operating Environment
This product is designed to be used in offices or computer rooms.
Conventions
An MHR-series device is sometimes simply referred to as a "hard disk drive,"
"HDD," "drive," or "device" in this document.
Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong
Decimal numbers are represented normally.
Hexadecimal numbers are represented as shown in the following examples:
X'17B9', 17B9h, 17B9H, or 17B9H.
Binary numbers are represented as shown in the following examples: 010 or
010b.
iiC141-E145-02EN
Page 7
Attention
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are
needed. Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of
this manual and forward it to the address described in the sheet.
Liability Exception
“Disk drive defects” refers to defects that involve adjustment, repair, or
replacement.
Fujitsu is not liable for any other disk drive defects, such as those caused by user
misoperation or mishandling, inappropriate operating environments, defects in the
power supply or cable, problems of the host system, or other causes outside the
disk drive.
Preface
C141-E145-02ENiii
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Page 9
Important Alert Items
Important Alert Messages
The important alert messages in this manual are as follows:
A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personalinjury if the user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also,
damage to the product or other property, may occur if the user does not
perform the procedure correctly.
TaskAlert messagePage
Normal Operation
Data corruption:
magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk
drive is not affected by external magnetic fields.
Damage:
it too hard, the cover and the spindle motor contact, which
may cause damage to the disk drive.
Static:
ground (500 kΩ or greater). Do not touch the printed circuit
board, but hold it by the edges.
Do not press the cover of the disk drive. Pressing
Table 3.1Surface temperature measurement points and standard values 3-6
Table 3.2Cable connector specifications 3-10
Table 5.1Signal assignment on the interface connector 5-3
Table 5.2I/O registers 5-7
Table 5.3Command code and parameters 5-15
Table 5.4Information to be read by IDENTIFY DEVICE command 5-34
Table 5.5Features register values and settable modes 5-44
Table 5.6Diagnostic code 5-56
Table 5.7Features Register values (subcommands) and functions 5-68
Table 5.8Format of device attribute value data 5-72
Table 5.9Format of insurance failure threshold value data 5-72
Table 5.10Log Directory Data Format 5-77
Table 5.11Data format of SMART Summary Error Log (1/2) 5-78
Table 5.12SMART self test log data format 5-80
Table 5.13Contents of security password 5-82
Table 5.14Contents of SECURITY SET PASSWORD data 5-86
Table 5.15Relationship between combination of Identifier and Security level,
and operation of the lock function 5-87
Table 5.16DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY data structure 5-93
Table 5.17Command code and parameters 5-104
Table 5.18Ultra DMA data burst timing requirements 5-130
Table 5.19Ultra DMA sender and recipient timing requirements 5-132
xviC141-E145-02EN
Page 21
CHAPTER 1Device Overview
1.1Features
1.2Device Specifications
1.3Power Requirements
1.4Environmental Specifications
1.5Acoustic Noise
1.6Shock and Vibration
1.7Reliability
1.8Error Rate
1.9Media Defects
1.10Load/Unload Function
Overview and features are described in this chapter, and specifications and power
requirement are described.
The MHR Series are 2.5-inch hard disk drives with built-in disk controllers.
These disk drives use the AT-bus hard disk interface protocol and are compact
and reliable.
C141-E145-02EN1-1
Page 22
Device Overview
1.1 Features
1.1.1 Functions and performance
The following features of the MHR Series are described.
(1) Compact
The MHR Series has 1 disk or 2 disks of 65 mm (2.5 inches) diameter, and its
height is 9.5 mm (0.374 inch).
(2) Large capacity
The disk drive can record up to 20 GB (formatted) on one disk using the 48/50
RLL recording method and 30 recording zone technology. The MHR Series has a
formatted capacity of 40 GB (MHR2040AT), 30 GB (MHR2030AT), 20 GB
(MHR2020AT) and 10 GB (MHR2010AT) respectively.
(3) High-speed Transfer rate
The disk drives (the MHR Series) have an internal data rate up to 32.5 MB/s. The
disk drive supports an external data rate up to 100 MB/s (U-DMA mode 5).
(4) Average positioning time
Use of a rotary voice coil motor in the head positioning mechanism greatly
increases the positioning speed. The average positioning time is 12 ms (at read).
1.1.2 Adaptability
(1) Power save mode
The power save mode feature for idle operation, stand by and sleep modes makes
The disk drives (the MHR Series) ideal for applications where power
consumption is a factor.
(2) Wide temperature range
The disk drives (the MHR Series) can be used over a wide temperature range (5°C
to 55°C).
(3) Low noise and vibration
In Ready status, the noise of the disk drives (the MHR Series) is only 24 dBA
(measured at 0.3 m apart from the drive under the idle mode).
(4) High resistance against shock
The Load/Unload mechanism is highly resistant against non-operation shock up
to 8820 m/s
2
(900G).
1-2C141-E145-02EN
Page 23
1.1.3 Interface
(1) Connection to ATA interface
The MHR-series disk drives have built-in controllers compatible with the ATA
interface.
(2) 2 MB data buffer
The disk drives (the MHR Series) use a 2 MB data buffer to transfer data between
the host and the disk media.
In combination with the read-ahead cache system described in item (3) and the
write cache described in item (7), the buffer contributes to efficient I/O
processing.
(3) Read-ahead cache system
After the execution of a disk read command, the disk drive automatically reads
the subsequent data block and writes it to the data buffer (read ahead operation).
This cache system enables fast data access. The next disk read command would
normally cause another disk access. But, if the read ahead data corresponds to the
data requested by the next read command, the data in the buffer can be transferred
instead.
1.1 Features
(4) Master/slave
The disk drives (the MHR Series) can be connected to ATA interface as daisy
chain configuration. Drive 0 is a master device, drive 1 is a slave device.
(5) Error correction and retry by ECC
If a recoverable error occurs, the disk drives (the MHR Series) themselves
attempt error recovery. The ECC has improved buffer error correction for
correctable data errors.
(6) Self-diagnosis
The disk drives (the MHR Series) have a diagnostic function to check operation
of the controller and disk drives. Executing the diagnostic command invokes selfdiagnosis.
(7) Write cache
When the disk drives (the MHR Series) receive a write command, the disk drives
post the command completion at completion of transferring data to the data buffer
completion of writing to the disk media. This feature reduces the access time at
writing.
C141-E145-02EN1-3
Page 24
Device Overview
1.2 Device Specifications
1.2.1 Specifications summary
Table 1.1 shows the specifications of the disk drives (MHR Series).
Table 1.1 Speci f i cations (1/2)
MHR2040ATMHR2030ATMHR2020ATMHR2010AT
Format Capacity (*1)40 GB30 GB
Number of Heads43
Number of Cylinders (User)35,968
Number of Sectors (User)78,140,16058,605,12039,070,08019,640,880
Bytes per Sector512
Recording Method48/50 RLL
Track Density2.42 K track/mm (61,500 TPI)
Bit Density23.30 K bit/mm (592,000 BPI)
Rotational Speed4,200 rpm ± 1%
Average Latency7.14 ms
Positioning time (read and seek)
• Minimum (Track to Track)
• Average
• Maximum (Full)
Start timeTyp.: 5 sec
InterfaceATA-5 (Max. Cable length: 0.46 m)
(equipped with expansion function)
1.5 ms (typ.)
Read: 12 ms (typ.)
22 ms (typ.)
20 GB10 GB
21
Data Transfer Rate
• To/From Media18.4 to 32.5 MB/s
• To/From Host100 MB/s Max.
(U-DMA mode 5)
Data Buffer Size2 MB
Physical Dimensions
(Height × Width × Depth)
Weight99 g
*1: Capacity under the LBA mode.
9.5 mm × 100.0 mm ×70.0 mm
1-4C141-E145-02EN
Page 25
1.3 Power Requirements
Table 1.1 lists the formatted capacity, number of logical cylinders, number
of heads, and number of sectors of every model for which the CHS mode
has been selected using the BIOS setup utility on the host.
Table 1.1 Speci f i cations (2/2)
ModelCapacityNo. of CylinderNo. of HeadsNo. of Sectors
+5 V
Maximum100 mV (peak to peak)
FrequencyDC to 1 MHz
C141-E145-02EN1-5
Page 26
Device Overview
(3) Current Requirements and Power Dissipation
Table 1.3 lists the current and power dissipation (typical).
Table 1.3 Current and power dissipation
Typical RMS CurrentTypical Power (*3)
MHR SeriesMHR Series
Spin up (*1)0.9 A4.5 W
Idle130 mA0.65 W
R/W (on track) (*2)460 mA2.3 W
Seek (*5)460 mA2.3 W
Standby50 mA0.25 W
Sleep20 mA0.1 W
Energy
Efficiency (*4)
—0.016 W/GB
(rank E / MHR2040AT)
(rank E / MHR2030AT)
(rank D / MHR2020AT)
(rank D / MHR2010AT)
0.016 W/GB
0.033 W/GB
0.033 W/GB
*1Current at starting spindle motor.
*2Current and power level when the operation (command) that accompanies a
transfer of 63 sectors is executed 3 times in 100 ms
*3Power requirements reflect nominal values for +5V power.
*4Energy efficiency based on the Law concerning the Rational Use of Energy
indicates the value obtained by dividing power consumption by the storage
capacity. (Japan only)
*5The seek average current is specified based on three operations per 100
msec.
(4) Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V when power is turned on
1-6C141-E145-02EN
Page 27
Figure 1.1 Current fluctuation (Typ.) at +5V w hen power is turned on
(5) Power on/off sequence
The voltage detector circuits (the MHR Series) monitor +5 V. The circuits do not
allow a write signal if either voltage is abnormal. These prevent data from being
destroyed and eliminates the need to be concerned with the power on/off
sequence.
1.4 Environmental Specifications
1.4 Environmental Specifications
Table 1.4 lists the environmental specifications.
Table 1.4 Envi r onment al specifications
ItemSpecification
Temperature
• Operating
• Non-operating
• Thermal Gradient
Humidity
• Operating
• Non-operating
• Maximum Wet Bulb
5°C to 55°C (ambient)
5°C to 60°C (disk enclosure surface)
–40°C to 65°C
20°C/h or less
8% to 90% RH (Non-condensing)
5% to 95% RH (Non-condensing)
29°C (Operating)
40°C (Non-operating)
Altitude (relative to sea level)
• Operating
• Non-operating
C141-E145-02EN1-7
–300 to 3,000 m
–300 to 12,000 m
Page 28
Device Overview
1.5 Acoustic Noise
Table 1.5 lists the acoustic noise specification.
Table 1.5 Acoust i c noi se specification
ItemSpecification
Sound Pressure
• Idle mode (DRIVE READY)24 dBA typical at 0.3 m
Note:
Measure the noise from the cover top surface.
1.6 Shock and Vibration
Table 1.6 lists the shock and vibration specification.
Table 1.6 Shock and vi brat i on specification
ItemSpecification
Vibration (Swept sine, 1/4 octave per minute)
• Operating
5 to 500 Hz, 9.8m/s
(without non-recovered errors)
5 to 500 Hz, 49m/s
• Non-operating
(no damage)
Shock (half-sine pulse)
• Operating
1960 m/s
2
0-peak (200G 0-peak)
2ms duration
• Non-operating
(without non-recovered errors)
8820 m/s
2
0-peak (900G 0-peak)
1ms duration
1176 m/s
2
0-peak (120G 0-peak)
11ms duration
(no damage)
2
0-peak (1G 0-peak)
2
0-peak (5G 0-peak)
1-8C141-E145-02EN
Page 29
1.7Reliability
(1) Mean time between failures (MTBF)
Conditions of 300,000 hPower-on time250H/month or less 3000H/years
MTBF is defined as follows:
Total operation time in all fields
MTBF=(H)
number of device failure in all fields (*1)
*1 “Disk drive defects” refers to defects that involve repair, readjustment, or
replacement. Disk drive defects do not include failures caused by external
factors, such as damage caused by handling, inappropriate operating
environments, defects in the power supply host system, or interface cable.
1.7 Reliability
or less
Operating time20% or less of power-on time
Environment5 to 55°C/8 to 90%
But humidity bulb temperature
29°C or less
(2) Mean time to repair (MTTR)
The mean time to repair (MTTR) is 30 minutes or less, if repaired by a specialist
maintenance staff member.
(3) Service life
In situations where management and handling are correct, the disk drive requires
no overhaul for five years when the DE surface temperature is less than 48°C.
When the DE surface temperature exceeds 48°C, the disk drives requires no
overhaul for five years or 20,000 hours of operation, whichever occurs first.
Refer to item (3) in Subsection 3.2 for the measurement point of the DE surface
temperature. Also the operating conditions except the environment temperature
are based on the MTBF conditions.
(4) Data assurance in the event of power failure
Except for the data block being written to, the data on the disk media is assured in
the event of any power supply abnormalities. This does not include power supply
abnormalities during disk media initialization (formatting) or processing of
defects (alternative block assignment).
C141-E145-02EN1-9
Page 30
Device Overview
1.8 Error Rate
Known defects, for which alternative blocks can be assigned, are not included in
the error rate count below. It is assumed that the data blocks to be accessed are
evenly distributed on the disk media.
(1) Unrecoverable read error
Read errors that cannot be recovered by maximum read retries of drive without
user’s retry and ECC corrections shall occur no more than 10 times when reading
data of 10
recovery procedure, and include read retries accompanying head offset
operations.
(2) Positioning error
14
bits. Read retries are executed according to the disk drive’s error
Positioning (seek) errors that can be recovered by one retry shall occur no more
than 10 times in 10
7
seek operations.
1.9 Media Defects
Defective sectors are replaced with alternates when the disk (the MHR Series) are
formatted prior to shipment from the factory (low level format). Thus, the hosts
see a defect-free devices.
Alternate sectors are automatically accessed by the disk drive. The user need not
be concerned with access to alternate sectors.
1.10Load/Unload Function
The Load/Unload function is a mechanism that loads the head on the disk and
unloads the head from the disk.
The product supports a minimum of 300,000 normal Load/Unload cycles.
Normal Unload is a normal head unloading operation and the commands listed
below are executed.
•
Hard Reset
•
Standby
•
Standby immediate
•
Sleep
•
Idle
1-10C141-E145-02EN
Page 31
1.10 Load/Unload Function
Emergency Unload other than Normal Unload is performed when the power is
shut down while the heads are still loaded on the disk.
The product supports the Emergency Unload a minimum of 20,000 times.
When the power is shut down, the controlled Normal Unload cannot be executed.
Therefore, the number of Emergency other than Normal Unload is specified.
C141-E145-02EN1-11
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Page 33
CHAPTER 2Device Configuration
2.1Device Configuration
2.2System Configuration
This chapter describes the internal configurations of the hard disk drives and the
configuration of the systems in which they operate.
C141-E145-02EN2-1
Page 34
Device Configuration
2.1 Device Configuration
Figure 2.1 shows the disk drive. The disk drive consists of a disk enclosure (DE),
read/write preamplifier, and controller PCA. The disk enclosure contains the disk
media, heads, spindle motors, actuators, and a circulating air filter.
Figure 2.1 Disk drive outerview
MHR Series
(1) Disk
(2) Head
The outer diameter of the disk is 65 mm. The inner diameter is 20 mm. The
number of disks used varies with the model, as described below.
MHR2040AT: 2 disks MHR2030AT: 2 disks
MHR2020AT: 1 disk MHR2010AT: 1 disk
The heads are of the load/unload (L/UL) type. The head unloads the disk out of
while the disk is not rotating and loads on the disk when the disk starts.
Figure 2.2 illustrates the configuration of the disks and heads of each model. In
the disk surface, servo information necessary for controlling positioning and
read/write and user data are written. Numerals 0 to 3 indicate read/write heads.
2-2C141-E145-02EN
Page 35
2.1 Device Configuration
Head
3
2
1
0
MHR2040AT
(3) Spindle motor
(4) Actuator
Head
3
2
Head
1
0
MHR2030AT
1
0
MHR2020AT
(Either of head 0 or
head 3 is mounted.)
Figure 2.2 Configuration of disk media heads
The disks are rotated by a direct drive Hall-less DC motor.
Head
1
0
MHR2010AT
(Either of head 0 or
head 1 is mounted.)
The actuator uses a revolving voice coil motor (VCM) structure which consumes
low power and generates very little heat. The head assembly at the edge of the
actuator arm is controlled and positioned by feedback of the servo information
read by the read/write head. If the power is not on or if the spindle motor is
stopped, the head assembly stays on the ramp out of the disk and is fixed by a
mechanical lock.
(5) Air circulation system
The disk enclosure (DE) is sealed to prevent dust and dirt from entering. The disk
enclosure features a closed loop air circulation system that relies on the blower
effect of the rotating disk. This system continuously circulates the air through the
circulation filter to maintain the cleanliness of the air within the disk enclosure.
(6) Read/write circuit
The read/write circuit uses a LSI chip for the read/write preamplifier. It improves
data reliability by preventing errors caused by external noise.
(7) Controller circuit
The controller circuit consists of an LSI chip to improve reliability. The highspeed microprocessor unit (MPU) achieves a high-performance AT controller.
C141-E145-02EN2-3
Page 36
Device Configuration
2.2 System Configuration
2.2.1 ATA interface
Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show the ATA interface system configuration. The drive has
a 44pin PC AT interface connector and supports PIO mode 4 transfer at 16.6
MB/s, Multiword DMA mode 2 transfer at 16.6 MB/s and also U-DMA mode
3/4/5 transfer at 33/66/100 MB/s.
2.2.2 1 drive connection
MHR2040AT
MHR2030AT
MHC2032AT
MHR2020AT
MHC2040AT
MHR2010AT
Figure 2.3 1 drive system configuration
2.2.3 2 drives connection
MHR2040AT
MHR2030AT
(Host adaptor)
Note:
When the drive that is not conformed to ATA is connected to the disk drive above
configuration, the operation is not guaranteed.
MHC2032AT
MHR2020AT
MHC2040AT
MHR2010AT
MHR2040AT
MHG2102AT
MHR2030AT
MHC2032AT
MHH2064AT
MHR2020AT
MHC2040AT
MHH2032AT
MHR2010AT
Figure 2.4 2 drives configuration
2-4C141-E145-02EN
Page 37
2.2 System Configuration
IMPORTANT
HA (host adaptor) consists of address decoder, driver, and receiver.
ATA is an abbreviation of “AT attachment”. The disk drive is
conformed to the ATA-5 interface.
At high speed data transfer (PIO mode 4 or DMA mode 2 U-DMA
mode 5), occurrence of ringing or crosstalk of the signal lines (AT
bus) between the HA and the disk drive may be a great cause of the
obstruction of system reliability. Thus, it is necessary that the
capacitance of the signal lines including the HA and cable does not
exceed the ATA-5 standard, and the cable length between the HA
and the disk drive should be as short as possible.
No need to push the top cover of the disk drive. If the over-power
worked, the cover could be contacted with the spindle motor. Thus,
that could be made it the cause of failure.
C141-E145-02EN2-5
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Page 39
CHAPTER 3Installation Conditions
3.1Dimensions
3.2Mounting
3.3Cable Connections
3.4Jumper Settings
This chapter gives the external dimensions, installation conditions, surface
temperature conditions, cable connections, and switch settings of the hard disk
drives.
For information about handling this hard disk drive and the system installation
procedure, refer to the following Integration Guide.
C141-E144
C141-E145-02EN3-1
Page 40
Installation Conditions
3.1 Dimensions
Figure 3.1 illustrates the dimensions of the disk drive and positions of the
mounting screw holes. All dimensions are in mm.
Figure 3.1Dimensions
3-2C141-E145-02EN
Page 41
3.2 Mounting
For information on mounting, see the "FUJITSU 2.5-INCH HDD
INTEGRATION GUIDANCE(C141-E144-01EN)."
(1) Orientation
Figure 3.2 illustrates the allowable orientations for the disk drive.
3.2 Mounting
gravity
(a) Horizontal –1
(c) Vertical –1
(b) Horizontal –1
gravity
(d) Vertical –2
gravity
(e) Vertical –3
Figure 3.2 Orientation
C141-E145-02EN3-3
(f) Vertical –4
Page 42
Installation Conditions
(2) Frame
The MR head bias of the HDD disk enclosure (DE) is zero. The mounting frame
is connected to SG.
Use M3 screw for the mounting screw and the screw length should
satisfy the specification in Figure 3.3.
The tightening torque must be 0.49N·m(5kgf·cm).
When attaching the HDD to the system frame, do not allow the
system frame to touch parts (cover and base) other than parts to
which the HDD is attached.
(3) Limitation of mounting
Note)These dimensions are recommended values; if it is not possible to
IMPORTANT
satisfy them, contact us.
Bottom surface mounting
2
A
Frame of system
cabinet
3.0 or less
DE
2.5
2.5
Frame of system
cabinet
Screw
3.0 or less
Details of A
Details of B
Figure 3.3 Mounting frame structure
Side surface
mounting
PCA
Screw
2.52.5
B
3-4C141-E145-02EN
Page 43
3.2 Mounting
IMPORTANT
Because of breather hole mounted to the HDD, do not allow this to
close during mounting.
Locating of breather hole is shown as Figure 3.4.
For breather hole of Figure 3.4, at least, do not allow its around
φ2.4 to block.
Figure 3.4 Location of breather
C141-E145-02EN3-5
Page 44
Installation Conditions
(4) Ambient temperature
The temperature conditions for a disk drive mounted in a cabinet refer to the
ambient temperature at a point 3 cm from the disk drive. The ambient
temperature must satisfy the temperature conditions described in Section 1.4, and
the airflow must be considered to prevent the DE surface temperature from
exceeding 60°C.
Provide air circulation in the cabinet such that the PCA side, in particular,
receives sufficient cooling. To check the cooling efficiency, measure the surface
temperatures of the DE. Regardless of the ambient temperature, this surface
temperature must meet the standards listed in Table 3.1. Figure 3.5 shows the
temperature measurement point.
1
•
Figure 3.5 Surface temperature measurement points
Table 3.1 Surface t emperat ure measurement points and standard values
No.Measurement pointTemperature
1DE cover60°C max
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(5) Service area
Cable connection
3.2 Mounting
Figure 3.6 shows how the drive must be accessed (service areas) during and after
installation.
Mounting screw hole
Mounting screw hole
Figure 3.6 Service area
(6) Handling cautions
Please keep the following cautions, and handle the HDD under the safety
environment.
Data corruption:
magnetic sources such as loud speakers. Ensure that the disk drive
is not affected by external magnetic fields.
Damage:
hard, the cover and the spindle motor contact, which may cause
damage to the disk drive.
Static:
(500 kΩ or greater). Do not touch the printed circuit board, but
hold it by the edges.
Do not press the cover of the disk drive. Pressing it too
When handling the device, disconnect the body ground
Avoid mounting the disk drive near strong
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Installation Conditions
- General notes
Wrist strap
Use the Wrist strap.
ESD mat
Shock absorbing mat
Place the shock absorbing mat on the
operation table, and place ESD mat on it.
Do not hit HDD each other.
Do not place HDD vertically
to avoid falling down.
Do not stack when carrying.
Figure 3.7 Handling cautions
- Installation
(1) Please use the driver of a low impact when you use an electric driver.
HDD is occasionally damaged by the impact of the driver.
(2) Please observe the tightening torque of the screw strictly.
M3 ······· 0.49 N·m (5 Kg·cm)
- Recommended equipments
Do not drop.
ContentsModelMaker
Wrist strapJX-1200-3056-8SUMITOMO 3MESD
ESD matSKY-8A (Color Seiden Mat)Achilles
ShockLow shock driverSS-6500HIOS
3-8C141-E145-02EN
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3.3 Cable Connections
3.3.1 Device connector
The disk drive has the connectors and terminals listed below for connecting
external devices. Figure 3.8 shows the locations of these connectors and
terminals.
3.3 Cable Connections
Connector,
setting pins
PCA
Figure 3.8 Connector locations
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Installation Conditions
3.3.2 Cable connector specifications
Table 3.2 lists the recommended specifications for the cable connectors.
Table 3.2 Cabl e connect or speci f ications
NameModelManufacturer
ATA interface and power
supply cable (44-pin type)
For the host interface cable, use a ribbon cable. A twisted cable or
a cable with wires that have become separated from the ribbon may
cause crosstalk between signal lines. This is because the interface
is designed for ribbon cables and not for cables carrying differential
signals.
3.3.3 Device connection
Figure 3.9 shows how to connect the devices.
Host system
Cable socket
(44-pin type)
IMPORTANT
Interface
89361-144FCI
Disk Drive #0
Interface
DC
Power supply
Power supply cable
Disk Drive #1
Figure 3.9 Cable connections
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3.3.4 Power supply connector (CN1)
Figure 3.10 shows the pin assignment of the power supply connector (CN1).
3.4 Jumper Settings
Figure 3.10 Power supply connector pins (CN1)
3.4 Jumper Settings
3.4.1 Location of setting jumpers
Figure 3.11 shows the location of the jumpers to select drive configuration and
functions.
Figure 3.11 Jumper location
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Installation Conditions
3.4.2 Factory default setting
Figure 3.12 shows the default setting position at the factory.
Open
Figure 3.12 Factory default setting
3.4.3 Master drive-slave drive setting
Master drive (disk drive #0) or slave drive (disk drive #1) is selected.
Open
1C
2
A
BD
Open
Open
AC1
Short
BD2
(b) Slave drive(a) Master drive
Figure 3.13 Jumper setting of master or slave drive
Note:
Pins A and C should be open.
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3.4.4 CSEL setting
Figure 3.14 shows the cable select (CSEL) setting.
Note:
3.4 Jumper Settings
Open
AC1
BD2
Short
The CSEL setting is not depended on setting between pins Band D.
Figure 3.14 CSEL setting
Figure 3.15 and 3.16 show examples of cable selection using unique interface
cables.
By connecting the CSEL of the master drive to the CSEL Line (conducer) of the
cable and connecting it to ground further, the CSEL is set to low level. The drive
is identified as a master drive. At this time, the CSEL of the slave drive does not
have a conductor. Thus, since the slave drive is not connected to the CSEL
conductor, the CSEL is set to high level. The drive is identified as a slave drive.
drivedrive
Figure 3.15 Example (1) of Cable Select
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Installation Conditions
Figure 3.16 Example (2) of Cable Select
3.4.5 Power Up in Standby setting
When pin C is grounded, the drive does not spin up at power on.
drivedrive
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CHAPTER 4Theory of Device Operation
4.1Outline
4.2Subassemblies
4.3Circuit Configuration
4.4Power-on Sequence
4.5Self-calibration
4.6Read/write Circuit
4.7Servo Control
This chapter explains basic design concepts of the disk drive. Also, this chapter
explains subassemblies of the disk drive, each sequence, servo control, and
electrical circuit blocks.
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Theory of Device Operation
4.1 Outline
This chapter consists of two parts. First part (Section 4.2) explains mechanical
assemblies of the disk drive. Second part (Sections 4.3 through 4.7) explains a
servo information recorded in the disk drive and drive control method.
4.2 Subassemblies
The disk drive consists of a disk enclosure (DE) and printed circuit assembly
(PCA).
The DE contains all movable parts in the disk drive, including the disk, spindle,
actuator, read/write head, and air filter. For details, see Subsections 4.2.1 to 4.2.5.
The PCA contains the control circuits for the disk drive. The disk drive has one
PCA. For details, see Sections 4.3.
4.2.1 Disk
4.2.2 Head
The DE contains disks with an outer diameter of 65 mm and an inner diameter of
20 mm. The MHR2040AT and MHR2030AT have two disks and MHR2020AT
and MHR2010AT have one disk.
Servo data is recorded on each cylinder (total 120). Servo data written at factory
is read out by the read head. For servo data, see Section 4.7.
Figure 4.1 shows the head structures. MHR2040AT has 4 heads and
MHR2030AT has 3 heads and MHR2020AT and MHR2010AT have 2 heads.
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4.2 Subassemblies
Head
3
2
1
0
MHR2040AT
4.2.3 Spindle
Head
3
2
Head
1
0
MHR2030AT
(Either of head 0 or
head 3 is mounted.)
Figure 4.1 Head structure
The spindle consists of a disk stack assembly and spindle motor. The disk stack
assembly is activated by the direct drive sensor-less DC spindle motor, which has
a speed of 4,200 rpm ±1%. The spindle is controlled with detecting a PHASE
signal generated by counter electromotive voltage of the spindle motor at starting.
1
0
MHR2020AT
Head
1
0
MHR2010AT
(Either of head 0 or
head 1 is mounted.)
4.2.4 Actuator
4.2.5 Air filter
The actuator consists of a voice coil motor (VCM) and a head carriage. The
VCM moves the head carriage along the inner or outer edge of the disk. The head
carriage position is controlled by feeding back the difference of the target position
that is detected and reproduced from the servo information read by the read/write
head.
There are two types of air filters: a breather filter and a circulation filter.
The breather filter makes an air in and out of the DE to prevent unnecessary
pressure around the spindle when the disk starts or stops rotating. When disk
drives are transported under conditions where the air pressure changes a lot,
filtered air is circulated in the DE.
The circulation filter cleans out dust and dirt from inside the DE. The disk drive
cycles air continuously through the circulation filter through an enclosed loop air
cycle system operated by a blower on the rotating disk.
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Theory of Device Operation
4.3 Circuit Configuration
Figure 4.2 shows the power supply configuration of the disk drive, and Figure 4.3
shows the disk drive circuit configuration.
(1) Read/write circuit
The read/write circuit consists of two LSIs; read/write preamplifier (PreAMP) and
read channel (RDC).
The PreAMP consists of the write current switch circuit, that flows the write
current to the head coil, and the voltage amplifier circuit, that amplitudes the read
output from the head.
The RDC is the read demodulation circuit using the Modified Extended Partial
Response (MEEPR), and contains the Viterbi detector, programmable filter,
adaptable transversal filter, times base generator, data separator circuits, 48/50
RLL (Limited) encoder Run Length and servo demodulation circuit.
(2) Servo circuit
The position and speed of the voice coil motor are controlled by 2 closed-loop
servo using the servo information recorded on the data surface. The servo
information is an analog signal converted to digital for processing by a MPU and
then reconverted to an analog signal for control of the voice coil motor.
The MPU precisely sets each head on the track according on the servo
information on the media surface.
(3) Spindle motor driver circuit
The circuit measures the interval of a PHASE signal generated by counterelectromotive voltage of a motor and controls the motor speed comparing target
speed.
(4) Controller circuit
Major functions are listed below.
•
Data buffer (2 MB) management
•
ATA interface control and data transfer control
•
Sector format control
•
Defect management
•
ECC control
•
Error recovery and self-diagnosis
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5.0V
4.3 Circuit Configuration
S-DRAMSVCHDICF-ROM
3.3V
MCU
&
HDC
- 3.0V
1.8V
RDC
Figure 4.2 Power Supply Configuration
1.8-V
generator
circuit
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Theory of Device Operation
Figure 4.3 Circuit Configuration
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4.4 Power-on Sequence
Figure 4.4 describes the operation sequence of the disk drive at power-on. The
outline is described below.
a)After the power is turned on, the disk drive executes the MPU bus test,
internal register read/write test, and work RAM read/write test. When the
self-diagnosis terminates successfully, the disk drive starts the spindle motor.
b)The disk drive executes self-diagnosis (data buffer read/write test) after
enabling response to the ATA bus.
c)After confirming that the spindle motor has reached rated speed, the head
assembly is loaded on the disk.
d)The disk drive positions the heads onto the SA area and reads out the system
information.
e)The disk drive executes self-seek-calibration. This collects data for VCM
torque and mechanical external forces applied to the actuator, and updates the
calibrating value.
4.4 Power-on Sequence
f)The drive becomes ready. The host can issue commands.
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Theory of Device Operation
Power-on
a)
Self-diagnosis 1
- MPU bus test
- Internal register
write/read test
- Work RAM write/read
test
The spindle motor starts.
b)
Self-diagnosis 2
- Data buffer write/read
test
c)
Confirming spindle motor
speed
Load the head assembly
Start
d)
Initial on-track and read
out of system information
e)
Execute self-calibration
f)
Drive ready state
(command waiting state)
Figure 4.4 Power-on operation sequence
4.5 Self-calibration
The disk drive occasionally performs self-calibration in order to sense and
calibrate mechanical external forces on the actuator, and VCM torque. This
enables precise seek and read/write operations.
4.5.1 Self-calibration contents
(1) Sensing and compensating for external forces
The actuator suffers from torque due to the FPC forces and winds accompanying
disk revolution. The torque vary with the disk drive and the cylinder where the
head is positioned. To execute stable fast seek operations, external forces are
occasionally sensed.
End
The firmware of the drive measures and stores the force (value of the actuator
motor drive current) that balances the torque for stopping head stably. This
includes the current offset in the power amplifier circuit and DAC system.
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The forces are compensated by adding the measured value to the specified current
value to the power amplifier. This makes the stable servo control.
To compensate torque varying by the cylinder, the disk is divided into 16 areas
from the innermost to the outermost circumference and the compensating value is
measured at the measuring cylinder on each area at factory calibration. The
measured values are stored in the SA cylinder. In the self-calibration, the
compensating value is updated using the value in the SA cylinder.
(2) Compensating open loop gain
Torque constant value of the VCM has a dispersion for each drive, and varies
depending on the cylinder that the head is positioned. To realize the high speed
seek operation, the value that compensates torque constant value change and loop
gain change of the whole servo system due to temperature change is measured
and stored.
For sensing, the firmware mixes the disturbance signal to the position signal at the
state that the head is positioned to any cylinder. The firmware calculates the loop
gain from the position signal and stores the compensation value against to the
target gain as ratio.
4.5 Self-calibration
For compensating, the direction current value to the power amplifier is multiplied
by the compensation value. By this compensation, loop gain becomes constant
value and the stable servo control is realized.
To compensate torque constant value change depending on cylinder, whole
cylinders from most inner to most outer cylinder are divided into 14 partitions at
calibration in the factory, and the compensation data is measured for
representative cylinder of each partition. This measured value is stored in the SA
area. The compensation value at self-calibration is calculated using the value in
the SA area.
4.5.2 Execution timing of self-calibration
Self-calibration is performed once when power is turned on. After that, the disk
drive does not perform self-calibration until it detects an error.
That is, self-calibration is performed each time one of the following events occur:
•
Power is turned on.
•
The number of retries to write or seek data reaches the specified value.
•
The error rate of data reading, writing, or seeking becomes lower than the
specified value.
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Theory of Device Operation
4.5.3 Command processing during self-calibration
This enables the host to execute the command without waiting for a long time,
even when the disk drive is performing self-calibration. The command execution
wait time is about maximum 72 ms.
When the error rate of data reading, writing, or seeking becomes lower than the
specified value, self-calibration is performed to maintain disk drive stability.
If the disk drive receives a command execution request from the host while
performing self-calibration, it stops the self-calibration and starts to execute the
command. In other words, if a disk read or write service is necessary, the disk
drive positions the head to the track requested by the host, reads or writes data,
and then restarts calibration after 10 seconds.
If the error rate recovers to a value exceeding the specified value, self-calibration
is not performed.
4.6 Read/write Circuit
The read/write circuit consists of the read/write preamplifier (HDIC), the write
circuit, the read circuit, and the time base generator in the read channel (RDC).
Figure 4.4 is a block diagram of the read/write circuit.
4.6.1 Read/write preamplifier (HDIC)
HDIC equips a read preamplifier and a write current switch, that sets the bias
current to the MR device and the current in writing. Each channel is connected to
each data head, and HDIC switches channel by serial I/O. In the event of any
abnormalities, including a head short-circuit or head open circuit, the write unsafe
signal is generated so that abnormal write does not occur.
4.6.2 Write circuit
The write data is output from the hard disk controller (HDC) with the NRZ data
format, and sent to the encoder circuit in the RDC. The NRZ write data is
converted from 48-bit data to 50-bit data by the encoder circuit then sent to the
HDIC, and the data is written onto the media.
(1) 48/50 RLL MEEPRML
This device converts data using the 48/50 RLL (Run Length Limited) algorithm.
(2) Write precompensation
Write precompensation compensates, during a write process, for write nonlinearity generated at reading.
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4.6 Read/write Circuit
HDIC
WDX/WDY RDX/RDY
RDC
Write
PreCompensation
SDSC
Serial I/O
Registers
Digital
PLL
SE
Flash
Digitizer
MEEPR
Viterbi
Detect
16/17
ENDEC
AGC
Amplifier
Programmable
Filter
ServoPulse
Detector
WTGATEREFCLK
Figure 4.5 Read/write circuit block diagram
RDGATE
DATA
[7:0]
Position
A/B/C/D
(to reg)
RWCLK
SRV_CLK
SRV_OUT[1:0]
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Theory of Device Operation
4.6.3 Read circuit
The head read signal from the PreAMP is regulated by the automatic gain control
(AGC) circuit. Then the output is converted into the sampled read data pulse by
the programmable filter circuit and the flash digitizer circuit. This clock signal is
converted into the NRZ data by the ENDEC circuit based on the read data
maximum-likelihood-detected by the Viterbi detection circuit, then is sent to the
HDC.
(1) AGC circuit
The AGC circuit automatically regulates the output amplitude to a constant value
even when the input amplitude level fluctuates. The AGC amplifier output is
maintained at a constant level even when the head output fluctuates due to the
head characteristics or outer/inner head positions.
(2) Programmable filter circuit
The programmable filter circuit has a low-pass filter function that eliminates
unnecessary high frequency noise component and a high frequency boost-up
function that equalizes the waveform of the read signal.
-3 dB
Cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter and boost-up gain are controlled from the
register in read channel by an instruction of the serial data signal from MPU
(M5). The MPU optimizes the cut-off frequency and boost-up gain according to
the transfer frequency of each zone.
Figure 4.6 shows the frequency characteristic sample of the programmable filter.
Figure 4.6 Frequency characteristic of programmable filter
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(3) Flash digitizer circuit
This circuit is 10-tap sampled analog transversal filter circuit that cosineequalizes the head read signal to the Modified Extended Partial Response
(MEEPR) waveform.
(4) Viterbi detection circuit
The sample hold waveform output from the flash digitizer circuit is sent to the
Viterbi detection circuit. The Viterbi detection circuit demodulates data
according to the survivor path sequence.
(5) MEEPRM
This circuit converts the 17-bit read data into the 16-bit NRZ data.
4.6.4 Digital PLL circuit
The drive uses constant density recording to increase total capacity. This is
different from the conventional method of recording data with a fixed data
transfer rate at all data area. In the constant density recording method, data area
is divided into zones by radius and the data transfer rate is set so that the
recording density of the inner cylinder of each zone is nearly constant. The drive
divides data area into 30 zones to set the data transfer rate.
4.6 Read/write Circuit
The MPU transfers the data transfer rate setup data (SD/SC) to the RDC that
includes the Digital PLL circuit to change the data transfer rate.
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Theory of Device Operation
4.7 Servo Control
The actuator motor and the spindle motor are submitted to servo control. The
actuator motor is controlled for moving and positioning the head to the track
containing the desired data. To turn the disk at a constant velocity, the actuator
motor is controlled according to the servo data that is written on the data side
beforehand.
4.7.1 Servo control circuit
Figure 4.7 is the block diagram of the servo control circuit. The following
describes the functions of the blocks:
(1)
MPU
(2)
Head
Servo
burst
capture
Position Sense
CSR: Current Sense Resister
VCM: Voice Coil Motor
Figure 4.7 Block diagram of servo control circuit
MPU
core
(3)
(5)
DAC
Spindle
motor
control
SVC
(4)
Power
Amp
(6)
Driver
(7)
VCM current
CSR
VCM
Spindle
motor
(1) Microprocessor unit (MPU)
The MPU uses DSP and executes startup of the spindle motor, movement to the
reference cylinder, seek to the specified cylinder, and calibration operations.
Main internal operation of the MPU are shown below.
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4.7 Servo Control
The major internal operations are listed below.
a.Spindle motor start
Starts the spindle motor and accelerates it to normal speed when power is
applied.
b.Move head to reference cylinder
Drives the VCM to position the head at the any cylinder in the data area. The
logical initial cylinder is at the outermost circumference (cylinder 0).
c.Seek to specified cylinder
Drives the VCM to position the head to the specified cylinder.
d.Calibration
Senses and stores the thermal offset between heads and the mechanical forces
on the actuator, and stores the calibration value.
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Theory of Device Operation
(2) Servo burst capture circuit
The servo burst capture circuit reproduces signals (position signals) that indicate
the head position from the servo data on the data surface. From the servo area on
the data area surface, via the data head, the burst signal of SERVO A, SERVO B,
SERVO C, and SERVO D is output as shown in Figure 4.9 in subsequent to the
servo mark, gray code that indicates the cylinder position, and index information.
The servo signals do A/D-convert by Fourier-demodulator in the servo burst
capture circuit. At that time the AGC circuit is in hold mode. The A/D converted
data is recognized by the MPU as position information with A-B and C-D
processed.
(3) D/A converter (DAC)
The control program calculates the specified data value (digital value) of the
VCM drive current, and the value is converted from digital-to-analog so that an
analog output voltage is sent to the power amplifier.
(4) Power amplifier
The power amplifier feeds currents, corresponding to the DAC output signal
voltage to the VCM.
(5) Spindle motor control circuit
The spindle motor control circuit controls the sensor-less spindle motor. A
spindle driver IC with a built-in PLL(FLL) circuit that is on a hardware unit
controls the sensor-less spindle motor.
(6) Driver circuit
The driver circuit is a power amplitude circuit that receives signals from the
spindle motor control circuit and feeds currents to the spindle motor.
(7) VCM current sense resistor (CSR)
This resistor controls current at the power amplifier by converting the VCM
current into voltage and feeding back.
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4.7.2 Data-surface servo format
Figure 4.8 describes the physical layout of the servo frame. The three areas
indicated by (1) to (3) in Figure 4.8 are described below.
(1) Inner guard band
This area is located inside the user area, and the rotational speed of the VCM can
be controlled on this cylinder area for head moving.
(2) Data area
This area is used as the user data area SA area.
(3) Outer guard band
This area is located at outer position of the user data area, and the rotational speed
of the spindle can be controlled on this cylinder area for head moving.
4.7 Servo Control
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Theory of Device Operation
ÕÖ
Servo frame
(120 servo frames per revolution)
CYLn + 1
W/R Recovery
Servo Mark
Gray Code
IGB
CYLnCYLn – 1 (n: even number)
W/R Recovery
Servo Mark
Gray Code
Data area
expand
W/R Recovery
Servo Mark
Gray Code
EraseServo AEraseServo A
Servo BEraseServo BErase
Servo CEraseServo C
EraseServo DErase
PAD
Figure 4.8 Physical sector servo configuration on disk surface
OGB
Diameter
direction
Ø
Ø
Circumference
Direction
Erase: DC erase
area
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4.7.3 Servo frame format
As the servo information, the IDD uses the two-phase servo generated from the
gray code and servo A to D. This servo information is used for positioning
operation of radius direction and position detection of circumstance direction.
The servo frame consists of 6 blocks; write/read recovery, servo mark, gray code,
servo A to D, and PAD. Figure 4.9 shows the servo frame format.
4.7 Servo Control
Figure 4.9 Servo frame format
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Theory of Device Operation
(1) Write/read recovery
This area is used to absorb the write/read transient and to stabilize the AGC.
(2) Servo mark
This area generates a timing for demodulating the gray code and positiondemodulating the servo A to D by detecting the servo mark.
(3) Gray code (including index bit)
This area is used as cylinder address. The data in this area is converted into the
binary data by the gray code demodulation circuit
(4) Servo A, servo B, servo C, servo D
This area is used as position signals between tracks and the IDD control at ontrack so that servo A level equals to servo B level.
(5) PAD
This area is used as a gap between servo and data.
4.7.4 Actuator motor control
The voice coil motor (VCM) is controlled by feeding back the servo data recorded
on the data surface. The MPU fetches the position sense data on the servo frame
at a constant interval of sampling time, executes calculation, and updates the
VCM drive current.
The servo control of the actuator includes the operation to move the head to the
reference cylinder, the seek operation to move the head to the target cylinder to
read or write data, and the track-following operation to position the head onto the
target track.
(1) Operation to move the head to the reference cylinder
The MPU moves the head to the reference cylinder when the power is turned.
The reference cylinder is in the data area.
When power is applied the heads are moved from the inner circumference shunt
zone to the normal servo data zone in the following sequence:
a)Micro current is fed to the VCM to press the head against the outer
circumference.
b)The head is loaded on the disk.
c)When the servo mark is detected the head is moved slowly toward the inner
circumference at a constant speed.
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d)If the head is stopped at the reference cylinder from there. Track following
control starts.
(2) Seek operation
Upon a data read/write request from the host, the MPU confirms the necessity of
access to the disk. If a read/write instruction is issued, the MPU seeks the desired
track.
The MPU feeds the VCM current via the D/A converter and power amplifier to
move the head. The MPU calculates the difference (speed error) between the
specified target position and the current position for each sampling timing during
head moving. The MPU then feeds the VCM drive current by setting the
calculated result into the D/A converter. The calculation is digitally executed by
the firmware. When the head arrives at the target cylinder, the track is followed.
(3) Track following operation
Except during head movement to the reference cylinder and seek operation under
the spindle rotates in steady speed, the MPU does track following control. To
position the head at the center of a track, the DSP drives the VCM by feeding
micro current. For each sampling time, the VCM drive current is determined by
filtering the position difference between the target position and the position
clarified by the detected position sense data. The filtering includes servo
compensation. These are digitally controlled by the firmware.
4.7 Servo Control
4.7.5 Spindle motor control
Hall-less three-phase twelve-pole motor is used for the spindle motor, and the 3phase full/half-wave analog current control circuit is used as the spindle motor
driver (called SVC hereafter). The firmware operates on the MPU manufactured
by Fujitsu. The spindle motor is controlled by sending several signals from the
MPU to the SVC. There are three modes for the spindle control; start mode,
acceleration mode, and stable rotation mode.
(1) Start mode
When power is supplied, the spindle motor is started in the following sequence:
a)After the power is turned on, the MPU sends a signal to the SVC to charge
the charge pump capacitor of the SVC. The charged amount defines the
current that flows in the spindle motor.
b)When the charge pump capacitor is charged enough, the MPU sets the SVC
to the motor start mode. Then, a current (approx. 0.3 A) flows into the
spindle motor.
c)A phase switching signal is generated and the phase of the current flowed in
the motor is changed in the order of (V-phase to U-phase), (W-phase to Uphase), (W-phase to V-phase), (U-phase to V-phase), (U-phase to W-phase),
and (V-phase to W-phase) (after that, repeating this order).
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Theory of Device Operation
d)During phase switching, the spindle motor starts rotating in low speed, and
generates a counter electromotive force. The SVC detects this counter
electromotive force and reports to the MPU using a PHASE signal for speed
detection.
e)The MPU is waiting for a PHASE signal. When no phase signal is sent for a
specific period, the MPU resets the SVC and starts from the beginning.
When a PHASE signal is sent, the SVC enters the acceleration mode.
(2) Acceleration mode
In this mode, the MPU stops to send the phase switching signal to the SVC. The
SVC starts a phase switching by itself based on the counter electromotive force.
Then, rotation of the spindle motor accelerates. The MPU calculates a rotational
speed of the spindle motor based on the PHASE signal from the SVC, and waits
till the rotational speed reaches 4,200 rpm. When the rotational speed reaches
4,200 rpm, the SVC enters the stable rotation mode.
(3) Stable rotation mode
The SVC calculates a time for one revolution of the spindle motor based on the
PHASE signal. The MPU takes a difference between the current time and a time
for one revolution at 4,200 rpm that the MPU already recognized. Then, the MPU
keeps the rotational speed to 4,200 rpm by charging or discharging the charge
pump for the different time. For example, when the actual rotational speed is
4,000 rpm, the time for one revolution is 15.000 ms. And the time for one
revolution at 4,200 rpm is 14.286 ms. Therefore, the MPU charges the charge
pump for 0.714 ms × k (k: constant value). This makes the flowed current into
the motor higher and the rotational speed up. When the actual rotational speed is
faster than 4,200 rpm, the MPU discharges the pump the other way. This control
(charging/discharging) is performed every 1 revolution.
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CHAPTER 5Interface
5.1Physical Interface
5.2Logical Interface
5.3Host Commands
5.4Command Protocol
5.5Ultra DMA Feature Set
5.6Timing
This chapter gives details about the interface, and the interface commands and
timings.
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5.1 Physical Interface
5.1.1 Interface signals
Figure 5.1 shows the interface signals.
Host
DATA 0-15: DATA BUS
DMACK-: DMA ACKNOWLEDGE
DMARQ: DMA REQUEST
INTRO: INTERRUPT REQUEST
DIOW-: I/O WRITE
STOP: STOP DURING ULTRA DMA DATA BURSTS
DIOR-:I/O READ
HDMARDY:DMA READY DURING ULTRA DMA DATA IN BURSTS
HSTROBE:DATA STROBE DURING ULTRA DMA DATA OUT BURST
ENCSELIThis signal is used to set master/slave using the CSEL signal (pin 28).
Pins B and DOpen: Sets master/slave using the CSEL signal
is disabled.
Short: Sets master/slave using the CSEL signal
is enabled.
MSTR-IMSTR, I, Master/slave setting
Pin A, B, C, D open: Master setting
Pin A, B Short: Slave setting
PUS-IWhen pin C is grounded, the drive does not spin up at power on.
RESET-IReset signal from the host. This signal is low active and is
asserted for a minimum of 25 µs during power on.
DATA 0-15I/OSixteen-bit bi-directional data bus between the host and the
device. These signals are used for data transfer
DIOW-ISignal asserted by the host to write to the device register or data
port.
STOPIDIOW- must be negated by the host before starting the Ultra
DMA transfer. The STOP signal must be negated by the host
before data is transferred during the Ultra DMA transfer. During
data transfer in Ultra DMA mode, the assertion of the STOP
signal asserted by the host later indicates that the transfer has been
suspended.
DIOR-IRead strobe signal from the host to read the device register or data
port
HDMARDY-IFlow control signal for Ultra DMA data In transfer (READ DMA
command). This signal is asserted by the host to inform the
device that the host is ready to receive the Ultra DMA data In
transfer. The host can negate the HDMARDY- signal to suspend
the Ultra DMA data In transfer.
HSTROBEIData Out Strobe signal from the host during Ultra DMA data Out
transfer (WRITE DMA command). Both the rising and falling
edges of the HSTROBE signal latch data from Data 15-0 into the
device. The host can suspend the inversion of the HSTROBE
signal to suspend the Ultra DMA data Out transfer.
INTRQOInterrupt signal to the host.
This signal is negated in the following cases:
−
assertion of RESET- signal
−
Reset by SRST of the Device Control register
−
Write to the command register by the host
−
Read of the status register by the host
−
Completion of sector data transfer
(without reading the Status register)
The signal output line has a high impedance when no devices are
selected or interruption is disabled.
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5.1 Physical Interface
[signal][I/O][Description]
CS0-IChip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal
is used by the host to select the command block registers.
CS1-IChip select signal decoded from the host address bus. This signal
is used by the host to select the control block registers.
DA 0-2IBinary decoded address signals asserted by the host to access task
file registers.
KEY-Key pin for prevention of erroneous connector insertion
PDIAG-I/OThis signal is an input mode for the master device and an output
mode for the slave device in a daisy chain configuration. This
signal indicates that the slave device has been completed self
diagnostics.
This signal is pulled up to +5 V through 10 kΩ resistor at each device.
CBLID-I/OThis signal is used to detect the type of cable installed in the
system.
This signal is pulled up to +5 V through 10 kΩ resistor at each device.
DASP-I/OThis is a time-multiplexed signal that indicates that the device is
active and a slave device is present.
This signal is pulled up to +5 V through 10 kΩ resistor at each device.
IORDYOThis signal requests the host system to delay the transfer cycle
when the device is not ready to respond to a data transfer request
from the host system.
DDMARDY
-
OFlow control signal for Ultra DMA data Out transfer (WRITE
DMA command). This signal is asserted by the device to inform
the host that the device is ready to receive the Ultra DMA data
Out transfer. The device can negate the DDMARDY- signal to
suspend the Ultra DMA data Out transfer.
DSTROBEOData In Strobe signal from the device during Ultra DMA data In
transfer. Both the rising and falling edges of the DSTROBE
signal latch data from Data 15-0 into the host. The device can
suspend the inversion of the DSTROBE signal to suspend the
Ultra DMA data In transfer.
CSELIThis signal to configure the device as a master or a slave device.
−
When CSEL signal is grounded, the IDD is a master device.
−
When CSEL signal is open, the IDD is a slave device.
This signal is pulled up with 240 kΩ resistor at each device.
DMACK-IThe host system asserts this signal as a response that the host
system receive data or to indicate that data is valid.
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[signal][I/O][Description]
DMARQOThis signal is used for DMA transfer between the host system and
the device. The device asserts this signal when the device
completes the preparation of DMA data transfer to the host
system (at reading) or from the host system (at writing).
The direction of data transfer is controlled by the DIOR and
DIOW signals. This signal hand shakes with the DMACK-signal.
In other words, the device negates the DMARQ signal after the
host system asserts the DMACK signal. When there is other data
to be transferred, the device asserts the DMARQ signal again.
When the DMA data transfer is performed, IOCS16-, CS0- and
CS1- signals are not asserted. The DMA data transfer is a 16-bit
data transfer.
+5 VDCI+5 VDC power supplying to the device.
GND-Grounded signal at each signal wire.
Note:
“I” indicates input signal from the host to the device.
“O” indicates output signal from the device to the host.
“I/O” indicates common output or bi-directional signal between the host
and the device.
5.2 Logical Interface
The device can operate for command execution in either address-specified mode;
cylinder-head-sector (CHS) or Logical block address (LBA) mode. The
IDENTIFY DEVICE information indicates whether the device supports the LBA
mode. When the host system specifies the LBA mode by setting bit 6 in the
Device/Head register to 1, HS3 to HS0 bits of the Device/Head register indicates
the head No. under the LBA mode, and all bits of the Cylinder High, Cylinder
Low, and Sector Number registers are LBA bits.
The sector No. under the LBA mode proceeds in the ascending order with the
start point of LBA0 (defined as follows).
LBA0 = [Cylinder 0, Head 0, Sector 1]
Even if the host system changes the assignment of the CHS mode by the
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETER command, the sector LBA address is not
changed.
LBA = [((Cylinder No.) × (Number of head) + (Head No.)) × (Number of
sector/track)] + (Sector No.) − 1
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5.2.1 I/O registers
Communication between the host system and the device is done through inputoutput (I/O) registers of the device.
These I/O registers can be selected by the coded signals, CS0-, CS1-, and DA0 to
DA2 from the host system. Table 5.2. shows the coding address and the function
of I/O registers.
1.The Data register for read or write operation can be accessed by 16 bit data
bus (DATA0 to DATA15).
2.The registers for read or write operation other than the Data registers can be
accessed by 8 bit data bus (DATA0 to DATA7).
3.When reading the Drive Address register, bit 7 is high-impedance state.
4.H indicates signal level High and L indicates signal level Low.
There are two methods for specifying the LBA mode. One method is to
specify the LBA mode with 28-bit address information, and the other is to
specify it with 48-bit address information (command of EXT system). If
the LBA mode is specified with 28-bit address information, the
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Device/Head, Cylinder High, Cylinder Low, Sector Number registers
indicate LBA bits 27 to 24, bits 23 to 16, bits 15 to 8, and bits 7 to 0,
respectively.
If the LBA mode is specified with 48-bit address information, the Cylinder
High, Cylinder Low, Sector Number registers are set twice. In the first
time, the registers indicate LBA bits 47 to 40, bits 39 to 32, and bits 31 to
24, respectively. In the second time, the registers indicate LBA bits 23 to
16, bits 15 to 8, and bits 7 to 0, respectively.
5.2.2 Command block registers
(1) Data register (X’1F0’)
The Data register is a 16-bit register for data block transfer between the device
and the host system. Data transfer mode is PIO or DMA mode.
(2) Error register (X’1F1’)
The Error register indicates the status of the command executed by the device.
The contents of this register are valid when the ERR bit of the Status register is 1.
This register contains a diagnostic code after power is turned on, a reset , or the
EXECUTIVE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC command is executed.
[Status at the completion of command execution other than diagnostic command]
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
ICRCUNCXIDNFXABRTTK0 NFAMNF
X: Unused
- Bit 7:Interface CRC Error (ICRC). This bit indicates that a CRC error
occurred during Ultra DMA transfer.
- Bit 6:Uncorrectable Data Error (UNC). This bit indicates that an
uncorrectable data error has been encountered.
- Bit 5:Unused
- Bit 4:ID Not Found (IDNF). This bit indicates an error except for bad
sector, uncorrectable error and SB not found.
- Bit 3:Unused
- Bit 2:Aborted Command (ABRT). This bit indicates that the requested
command was aborted due to a device status error (e.g. Not Ready,
Write Fault) or the command code was invalid.
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5.2 Logical Interface
- Bit 1:Track 0 Not Found (TK0NF). This bit indicates that track 0 was not
found during RECALIBRATE command execution.
- Bit 0:Address Mark Not Found (AMNF). This bit indicates that the SB Not
Found error occurred.
Error register of the master device is valid under two devices (master
and slave) configuration. If the slave device fails, the master device
posts X’80’ OR (the diagnostic code) with its own status (X’01’ to
X’05’).
However, when the host system selects the slave device, the diagnostic
code of the slave device is posted.
(3) Features register (X’1F1’)
The Features register provides specific feature to a command. For instance, it is
used with SET FEATURES command to enable or disable caching.
(4) Sector Count register (X’1F2’)
The Sector Count register indicates the number of sectors of data to be transferred
in a read or write operation between the host system and the device. When the
value in this register is X’00’, the sector count is 256. With the EXT system
command, the sector count is 65536 when value of this register is X'00' in the first
setting and X'00' in the second setting.
When this register indicates X’00’ at the completion of the command execution,
this indicates that the command is completed successfully. If the command is not
completed successfully, this register indicates the number of sectors to be
transferred to complete the request from the host system. That is, this register
indicates the number of remaining sectors that the data has not been transferred
due to the error.
The contents of this register has other definition for the following commands;
INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS, SET FEATURES, IDLE, STANDBY
and SET MULTIPLE MODE.
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(5) Sector Number register (X’1F3’)
The contents of this register indicates the starting sector number for the
subsequent command. The sector number should be between X’01’ and [the
number of sectors per track defined by INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS
command.
Under the LBA mode, this register indicates LBA bits 7 to 0.
Under the LBA mode of the EXT system command, LBA bits 31 to 24 are set in
the first setting, and LBA bits 7 to 0 are set in the second setting.
(6) Cylinder Low register (X’1F4’)
The contents of this register indicates low-order 8 bits of the starting cylinder
address for any disk-access.
At the end of a command, the contents of this register are updated to the current
cylinder number.
Under the LBA mode, this register indicates LBA bits 15 to 8.
Under the LBA mode of the EXT system command, LBA bits 39 to 32 are set in
the first setting, and LBA bits 15 to 8 are set in the second setting.
(7) Cylinder High register (X’1F5’)
The contents of this register indicates high-order 8 bits of the disk-access start
cylinder address.
At the end of a command, the contents of this register are updated to the current
cylinder number. The high-order 8 bits of the cylinder address are set to the
Cylinder High register.
Under the LBA mode, this register indicates LBA bits 23 to 16.
Under the LBA mode of the EXT system command, LBA bits 47 to 40 are set in
the first setting, and LBA bits 23 to 16 are set in the second setting.
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(8) Device/Head register (X’1F6’)
The contents of this register indicate the device and the head number.
When executing INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS command, the contents
of this register defines “the number of heads minus 1” (a maximum head No.).
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
XLXDEVHS3HS2HS1HS0
- Bit 7:Unused
- Bit 6:L. 0 for CHS mode and 1 for LBA mode.
- Bit 5:Unused
- Bit 4:DEV bit. 0 for the master device and 1 for the slave device.
- Bit 3:HS3 CHS mode head address 3 (2
under the LBA mode of the EXT command.
- Bit 2:HS2 CHS mode head address 2 (2
under the LBA mode of the EXT command.
- Bit 1:HS1 CHS mode head address 1 (2
under the LBA mode of the EXT command.
- Bit 0:HS0 CHS mode head address 0 (2
under the LBA mode of the EXT command.
5.2 Logical Interface
3
). bit 27 for LBA mode. Unused
2
). bit 26 for LBA mode. Unused
1
). bit 25 for LBA mode. Unused
0
). bit 24 for LBA mode. Unused
(9) Status register (X’1F7’)
The contents of this register indicate the status of the device. The contents of this
register are updated at the completion of each command. When the BSY bit is
cleared, other bits in this register should be validated within 400 ns. When the
BSY bit is 1, other bits of this register are invalid. When the host system reads
this register while an interrupt is pending, it is considered to be the Interrupt
Acknowledge (the host system acknowledges the interrupt). Any pending
interrupt is cleared (negating INTRQ signal) whenever this register is read.
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
BSYDRDYDFDSCDRQ00ERR
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- Bit 7:Busy (BSY) bit. This bit is set whenever the Command register is
accessed. Then this bit is cleared when the command is completed.
However, even if a command is being executed, this bit is 0 while data
transfer is being requested (DRQ bit = 1).When BSY bit is 1, the host
system should not write the command block registers. If the host
system reads any command block register when BSY bit is 1, the
contents of the Status register are posted. This bit is set by the device
under following conditions:
(a) Within 400 ns after RESET- is negated or SRST is set in the
Device Control register, the BSY bit is set. the BSY bit is cleared,
when the reset process is completed.
The BSY bit is set for no longer than 15 seconds after the IDD
accepts reset.
(b) Within 400 ns from the host system starts writing to the
Command register.
(c) Within 5 µs following transfer of 512 bytes data during execution
of the READ SECTOR(S), WRITE SECTOR(S), or WRITE
BUFFER command.
Within 5 µs following transfer of 512 bytes of data and the
appropriate number of ECC bytes during execution of READ
LONG or WRITE LONG command.
- Bit 6:Device Ready (DRDY) bit. This bit indicates that the device is
capable to respond to a command.
The IDD checks its status when it receives a command. If an error is
detected (not ready state), the IDD clears this bit to 0. This is cleared
to 0 at power-on and it is cleared until the rotational speed of the
spindle motor reaches the steady speed.
- Bit 5:The Device Write Fault (DF) bit. This bit indicates that a device fault
(write fault) condition has been detected.
If a write fault is detected during command execution, this bit is
latched and retained until the device accepts the next command or
reset.
- Bit 4:Device Seek Complete (DSC) bit. This bit indicates that the device
heads are positioned over a track.
In the IDD, this bit is always set to 1 after the spin-up control is
completed.
- Bit 3:Data Request (DRQ) bit. This bit indicates that the device is ready to
transfer data of word unit or byte unit between the host system and the
device.
- Bit 2:Always 0.
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- Bit 1:Always 0.
- Bit 0:Error (ERR) bit. This bit indicates that an error was detected while the
previous command was being executed. The Error register indicates
the additional information of the cause for the error.
(10) Command register (X’1F7’)
The Command register contains a command code being sent to the device. After
this register is written, the command execution starts immediately.
Table 5.3 lists the executable commands and their command codes. This table
also lists the necessary parameters for each command which are written to certain
registers before the Command register is written.
5.2.3 Control block registers
(1) Alternate Status register (X’3F6’)
5.2 Logical Interface
The Alternate Status register contains the same information as the Status register
of the command block register.
The only difference from the Status register is that a read of this register does not
imply Interrupt Acknowledge and INTRQ signal is not reset.
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
BSYDRDYDFDSCDRQ00ERR
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(2) Device Control register (X’3F6’)
The Device Control register contains device interrupt and software reset.
Bit 7Bit 6Bit 5Bit 4Bit 3Bit 2Bit 1Bit 0
HOBXXXXSRSTnIEN0
- Bit 7:HOB is the selector bit that selects higher-order information or lowerorder information of the EXT system command.
If HOB = 1, LBA bits 47 to 24 and the higher-order 8 bits of the sector
count are displayed in the task register.
If HOB = 0, LBA bits 23 to 0 and the lower-order 8 bits of the sector
count are displayed in the task register.
- Bit 2:SRST is the host software reset bit. When this bit is set, the device is
held reset state. When two device are daisy chained on the interface,
setting this bit resets both device simultaneously.
The slave device is not required to execute the DASP- handshake.
- Bit 1:nIEN bit enables an interrupt (INTRQ signal) from the device to the
host. When this bit is 0 and the device is selected, an interruption
(INTRQ signal) can be enabled through a tri-state buffer. When this
bit is 1 or the device is not selected, the INTRQ signal is in the highimpedance state.
5.3 Host Commands
The host system issues a command to the device by writing necessary parameters
in related registers in the command block and writing a command code in the
Command register.
The device can accept the command when the BSY bit is 0 (the device is not in
the busy status).
The host system can halt the uncompleted command execution only at execution
of hardware or software reset.
When the BSY bit is 1 or the DRQ bit is 1 (the device is requesting the data
transfer) and the host system writes to the command register, the correct device
operation is not guaranteed.
5.3.1 Command code and parameters
Table 5.3 lists the supported commands, command code and the registers that
needed parameters are written.
SMART10110000YYYYD
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD11110110NNNND
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE11110011NNNND
SECURITY ERASE UNIT11110100NNNND
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK11110101NNNND
SECURITY SET PASSWORD11110001NNNND
SECURITY UNLOCK11110010NNNND
FLUSH CACHE11100111NNNND
DEVICE CONFIGURATION10110001NNNND
SET MAX ADDRESS11111001NYYYY
SET MAX SET PASSWORD11111001YNNNY
SET MAX LOCK11111001YNNNY
SET MAX UNLOCK11111001YNNNY
SET MAX FREEZE LOCK11111001YNNNY
READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS11111000NNNND
IDENTIFY COMPONENT11010000NNNYD
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
RESTORE
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
FREEZE LOCK
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10110001YNNND
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Table 5.3 Command code and parameters ( 3 of 3)
Command name
5.3 Host Commands
Command code (Bit)Parameters used
76543210FRSCSNCYDH
DEVICE CONFIGURATION
10110001YNNND
IDENTIFY
DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET10110001YNNND
READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS
11111000NNNND
EXT
SET MAX ADDRESS EXT11111001NYYYY
FLUSH CACHE EXT11100111NNNND
WRITE DMA EXT00110101NYYYD
READ DMA EXT00100101NYYYD
WRITE MULTIPLE EXT00111001NYYYD
READ MULTIPLE EXT00101001NYYYD
WRITE SECTOR (S) EXT00110100NYYYD
READ SECTOR (S) EXT00100100NYYYD
Notes:
FR:Features Register
CY:Cylinder Registers
SC:Sector Count Register
DH: Drive/Head Register
SN:Sector Number Register
R:Retry at error
1 = Without retry
0 = With retry
Y:Necessary to set parameters
Y*:Necessary to set parameters under the LBA mode.
N:Not necessary to set parameters (The parameter is ignored if it is set.)
N*:May set parameters
D:The device parameter is valid, and the head parameter is ignored.
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D*:The command is addressed to the master device, but both the master device
and the slave device execute it.
X:Do not care
5.3.2 Command descriptions
The contents of the I/O registers to be necessary for issuing a command and the
example indication of the I/O registers at command completion are shown as
following in this subsection.
Example: READ SECTOR(S)
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
CL: Cylinder Low registerL: LBA (logical block address) setting bit
SN: Sector Number registerDV: Device address. bit
SC: Sector Count registerx, xx: Do not care (no necessary to set)
Note:
1.When the L bit is specified to 1, the lower 4 bits of the DH register and all
bits of the CH, CL and SN registers indicate the LBA bits (bits of the DH
register are the MSB (most significant bit) and bits of the SN register are
the LSB (least significant bit).
2.At error occurrence, the SC register indicates the remaining sector count of data
transfer.
3.In the table indicating I/O registers contents in this subsection, bit indication is
omitted.
(1) READ SECTOR(S) (X’20’ or X’21’)
This command reads data of sectors specified in the Sector Count register from
the address specified in the Device/Head, Cylinder High, Cylinder Low and
Sector Number registers. Number of sectors can be specified from 1 to 256
sectors. To specify 256 sectors reading, ‘00’ is specified. For the DRQ, INTRQ,
and BSY protocols related to data transfer, see Subsection 5.4.1.
If the head is not on the track specified by the host, the device performs an
implied seek. After the head reaches to the specified track, the device reads the
target sector.
If an error occurs, retry reads are attempted to read the target sector before
reporting an error, irrespective of the R bit setting.
The DRQ bit of the Status register is always set prior to the data transfer
regardless of an error condition.
Upon the completion of the command execution, command block registers
contain the cylinder, head, and sector addresses (in the CHS mode) or logical
block address (in the LBA mode) of the last sector read.
If an unrecoverable error occurs in a sector, the read operation is terminated at the
sector where the error occurred. Command block registers contain the cylinder, the
head, and the sector addresses of the sector (in the CHS mode) or the logical
block address (in the LBA mode) where the error occurred, and remaining
number of sectors of which data was not transferred.
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At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)0010000R
1F6H(DH)xLxDVStart head No. / LBA
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)Status information
1F6H(DH)xLxDVEnd head No. / LBA [MSB]
1F5H(CH)
(CL)
1F4
H
(SN)
1F3
H
(SC)
1F2
H
(ER)
1F1
H
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No. / LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(2) READ MULTIPLE (X’C4’)
The READ MULTIPLE Command performs the same as the READ SECTOR(S)
Command except that when the device is ready to transfer data for a block of
sectors, and enters the interrupt pending state only before the data transfer for the
first sector of the block sectors. In the READ MULTIPLE command operation,
the DRQ bit of the Status register is set only at the start of the data block, and is
not set on each sector.
The number of sectors per block is defined by a successful SET MULTIPLE
MODE Command. The SET MULTIPLE MODE command should be executed
prior to the READ MULTIPLE command.
If the number of requested sectors is not divided evenly (having the same number
of sectors [block count]), as many full blocks as possible are transferred, then a
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5.3 Host Commands
final partial block is transferred. The number of sectors in the partial block to be
transferred is n where n = remainder of (“number of sectors”/”block count”).
If the READ MULTIPLE command is issued before the SET MULTIPLE MODE
command is executed or when the READ MULTIPLE command is disabled, the
device rejects the READ MULTIPLE command with an ABORTED COMMAND
error.
Figure 5.2 shows an example of the execution of the READ MULTIPLE
command.
•
Block count specified by SET MULTIPLE MODE command = 4 (number of
sectors in a block)
•
READ MULTIPLE command specifies;
Number of requested sectors = 9 (Sector Count register = 9)
Figure 5.2 Execution example of READ MULTIPLE command
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)11000100
1F6H(DH)xLxDVStart head No. / LBA
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)Status information
1F6H(DH)xLxDVEnd head No. / LBA [MSB]
1F5H(CH)
(CL)
1F4
H
(SN)
1F3
H
(SC)
1F2
H
(ER)
1F1
H
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No. / LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
(5) WRITE SECTOR(S) (X’30’ or X’31’)
This command writes data of sectors from the address specified in the
Device/Head, Cylinder High, Cylinder Low, and Sector Number registers to the
address specified in the Sector Count register. Number of sectors can be specified
from 1 to 256 sectors. A sector count of 0 requests 256 sectors. Data transfer
begins at the sector specified in the Sector Number register. For the DRQ,
INTRQ, and BSY protocols related to data transfer, see Subsection 5.4.2.
If the head is not on the track specified by the host, the device performs an
implied seek. After the head reaches to the specified track, the device writes the
target sector.
If an error occurs when writing to the target sector, retries are attempted
irrespectively of the R bit setting.
The data stored in the buffer, and CRC code and ECC bytes are written to the data
field of the corresponding sector(s). Upon the completion of the command
execution, the command block registers contain the cylinder, head, and sector
addresses of the last sector written.
5-24C141-E145-02EN
Page 99
5.3 Host Commands
If an error occurs during multiple sector write operation, the write operation is
terminated at the sector where the error occurred. Command block registers
contain the cylinder, the head, the sector addresses (in the CHS mode) or the
logical block address (in the LBA mode) of the sector where the error occurred.
At command issuance (I/O registers setting contents)
1F7H(CM)0011000R
1F6H(DH)xLxDVStart head No. / LBA
[MSB]
1F5H(CH)
(CL)
1F4
H
(SN)
1F3
H
(SC)
1F2
H
(FR)
1F1
H
At command completion (I/O registers contents to be read)
1F7H(ST)Status information
1F6H(DH)xLxDVEnd head No. / LBA [MSB]
1F5H(CH)
(CL)
1F4
H
(SN)
1F3
H
(SC)
1F2
H
(ER)
1F1
H
End cylinder No. [MSB] / LBA
End cylinder No. [LSB] / LBA
End sector No. / LBA [LSB]
00 (*1)
Error information
*1If the command is terminated due to an error, the remaining number of
sectors of which data was not transferred is set in this register.
C141-E145-02EN5-25
Page 100
Interface
(6) WRITE MULTIPLE (X’C5’)
This command is similar to the WRITE SECTOR(S) command. The device does
not generate interrupts (assertion of the INTRQ) signal) on each sector but on the
transfer of a block which contains the number of sectors for which the number is
defined by the SET MULTIPLE MODE command. The DRQ bit of the Status
register is required to set only at the start of the data block, not on each sector.
The number of sectors per block is defined by a successful SET MULTIPLE
MODE command. The SET MULTIPLE MODE command should be executed
prior to the WRITE MULTIPLE command.
If the number of requested sectors is not divided evenly (having the same number
of sectors [block count]), as many full blocks as possible are transferred, then a
final partial block is transferred. The number of sectors in the partial block to be
transferred is n where n = remainder of (“number of sectors”/”block count”).
If the WRITE MULTIPLE command is issued before the SET MULTIPLE
MODE command is executed or when WRITE MULTIPLE command is disabled,
the device rejects the WRITE MULTIPLE command with an ABORTED
COMMAND error.
Disk errors encountered during execution of the WRITE MULTIPLE command are
posted after attempting to write the block or the partial block that was transferred.
Write operation ends at the sector where the error was encountered even if the sector is
in the middle of a block. If an error occurs, the subsequent block shall not be
transferred. Interrupts are generated when the DRQ bit of the Status register is set at
the beginning of each block or partial block.
The contents of the command block registers related to addresses after the transfer
of a data block containing an erred sector are undefined. To obtain a valid error
information, the host should retry data transfer as an individual request.
5-26C141-E145-02EN
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