Fujitsu MAW3147FC, MAW3073FC, MAW3300FC User Manual
C141-E235-01EN
MAW3300FC
MAW3147FC
MAW3073FC
HARD DISK DRIVES
PRODUCT/MAINTENANCE MANUAL
FOR SAFE OPERATION
Handling of This Manual
This manual contains important information for using this product. Read thoroughly before using the product.
Use this product only after thoroughly reading and understanding especially the section "Important Alert
Items" in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully.
FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering damage to
their property. Use the product according to this manual.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO USERS
READ THE ENTIRE MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT. INCORRECT
USE OF THE PRODUCT MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DAMAGE TO USERS, BYSTANDERS OR
PROPERTY.
While FUJITSU has sought to ensure the accuracy of all information in this manual, FUJITSU assumes no
liability to any party for any damage caused by any error or omission contained in this manual, its updates or
supplements, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other cause. In
addition, FUJITSU assumes no liability with respect to the application or use of any pro duct or system in
accordance with the descriptions or instructions contained herein; including any liability for incidental or
consequential damages arising therefrom.
FUJITSU DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING THE INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN, WHETHER EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY.
FUJITSU reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein without further notice and
without obligation.
This product is designed and manufactured for use in standard applications such as office work, personal
devices and household appliances. This product is not intended for special uses (atomic controls, aeronautic or
space systems, mass transport vehicle operating controls, medical devices for life support, or weapons firing
controls) where particularly high reliability requiremen ts exist, where the pertinent levels of safety are not
guaranteed, or where a failure or operational error could threaten a life or cause a physical injury (hereafter
referred to as "mission-critical" use). Customers considering the use of these products for mission-critical
applications must have safety-assurance measures in place beforehand. Moreover, they are requested to
consult our sales representative before embarking on such specialized use.
Compliance With Taiwanese Standards on Radio Wave Use (BSMI).
C141-E235
Caution
This computer device shall meet FCC Class A environment. If you use this device at Home environment, it
may affect to the Television set, Radio receiver, and so on.
In this case, you may require to take action to resolve any affection due to this device.
The contents of this manual may be revised without prior notice.
The contents of this manual shall not be disclosed in any way or reproduced in any media without the express
written permission of Fujitsu Limited.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2005
C141-E235
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REVISION RECORD
Edition Date published Revised contents
01 June, 2005
Specification No.: C141-E235-**EN
C141-E235
Related Standards
Product specifications and functions described in this manual comply with the following ANSI (*1)
standards.
Document number Title
NCITS TR-19 FIBRE CHANNEL PRIVATE LOOP SCSI DIRECT ATTATH (FC-PLDA)
ANSI X3.230-1994 FIBRE CHANNEL PHYSICAL AND SIGNALING INTERFACE (FC-PH)
ANSI X3.297-1996 FIBRE CHANNEL PHYSICAL AND SIGNALING INTERFACE-2 (FC-PH-2)
ANSI X3.272-199X FIBRE CHANNEL ARBITRATED LOOP (FC-AL)
ANSI X3.269-199X FIBRE CHANNEL PROTOCOL FOR SCSI (SCSI-FCP)
*1 ANSI = American National Standard Institute
In case of conflict between this manual and any referenced document, this manual takes precedence.
C141-E235
Preface
This manual describes the MAW3300FC, MAW3147FC, and MAW3073FC 3.5" type
hard disk drives with an embedded fibre channel controller.
This manual details the specifications and functions of the above disk drive, and gives the
requirements and procedures for installing it into a host computer system.
This manual is written for users who hav e a basic unde r standin g of hard disk drives and
their use in computer systems. The MANUAL ORGANIZATION section describes
organization and scope of this manual. The need arises, use the other manuals.
The organization of this manual, related reference manual and conventions for alert
messages follow.
Overview of Manual
This manual consists of the following seven chapters and one appendix:
Chapter 1 General Description
This chapter introduces the standard features, hardware, and system configuration of the
HDD.
Chapter 2 Specifications
This chapter gives detailed specifications of the disk drives and their installation
environment.
Chapter 3 Data Format
This chapter describes the data structure of the disk, the address method, and what to do
about media defects.
Chapter 4 Installation Requirements
This chapter describes the basic physical and electrical requirements for installing the disk
drives.
Chapter 5 Installation
This chapter explains how to install the disk drives. It includes the notice and procedures
for setting device number and operation modes, mounting the disk drive, and confirming
drive operation.
Chapter 6 Diagnostics and Maintenance
This chapter describes the automatic diagnosis and maintenance of the disk drive. This
chapter also describes diagnostic methods for operation check and the basics of
troubleshooting the disk drives.
Chapter 7 Error Analysis
This chapter describes in details how collect the information for error analysis and how
analyze collected error information.
C141-E235 i
Preface
APPENDIX A Connector Signal Allocation
The appendix gives supplementary information, including the signal assignments of
interface connectors.
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
The MAW3300FC, MAW3147FC, and MAW3073FC disk drives are described as "the
hard disk drive (HDD)", "the disk drive" or "the device" in this manual.
Decimal number is represented normally.
Hexadecimal number is represented as X'17B9', 17B9h or 17B9H.
Binary number is represented as "010".
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert message
consists of an alert signal and alert statements. The alert signal consists of an alert symbol
and a signal word or just a signal word.
The following are the alert signals and their meanings:
This indicates a hazardous situation could result in minor
or moderate personal injury if the user does not perform
the procedure correctly. This alert signal also indicates
that damages to the product or other property, may occur if
the user does not perform the product correctly.
This indicates information that could help the user use the
product more efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A wider
line space precedes and follows the alert message to show where the alert message begins
and ends. The following is an example:
(Example)
Damage
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.
The main alert messages in the text are also listed in the “Important Alert Items.”
ii C141-E235
Preface
Attention
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are needed.
Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of this manual and
forward it to the address described in the sheet.
C141-E235 iii
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Important Alert Items
Important Alert Messages
The important alert messages in this manual are as follows:
A hazardous situation could result in minor or moderate personal injury if the
user does not perform the procedure correctly. Also, damage to the product
or other property, may occur if the user does not perform the procedure
correctly.
Task Alert message Page
Specification
Installation
Data loss
The drive adopts Reed-Solomon code for ECC. The sector-data is
divided into 3 interleaving sectors, and ECC is performed in each
sector where the maximum number of errors (up to 9 byte) can be
corrected. [Total maximum byte: 9 byte
If the error of read sector keeps allowable error byte number,
correction is performed.
However, if error byte exceeds its allowable number, correction may
not be performed properly.
Damage
Never remove any labels from the drive or deface them in any way.
Hot temperature
To prevent injury, never touch the drive while it is hot. The DE and
LSI become hot during operation and remain hot immediately after
turning off the power.
×
3 ( interleave) = 27 byte]
2-5
4-3
5-1
C141-E235 v
Important Alert Items
Task Alert message Page
Installation
Damage
1. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while
power is supplied to it.
• The drive to be dismounted must be separated from the loop.
Dismounting the drive which is not separated from the loop
may cause an unexpected error.
• If the drive is not separated from the loop, issue an LPB to the
drive from the initiator in a primitive sequence of th e order
set.
• It is recommended to stop the spindle motor prior to this loop
separation operation. The spindle motor can be stopped by a
START/STOP command. It takes about 30 seconds for the
spindle motor to stop completely.
• Then, dismount the drive using the drive
mounting/dismounting mechanism, etc. of the system. If the
drive is dismounted while the spindle motor is running, special
care is required to avoid excessive vibration or shock to the
drive. It is recommended to stop the operation once the SCA
connector breaks off contact and wait until the spindle motor
stops (about 30 seconds) before dismount the drive.
• When storing or transporting the drive, put it in an antistatic
case (Fcell). (Shown in Section 5.1).
5-16
Diagnostics and
Maintenance
2. When dismounting the drive which is mounted on the system while
power is not supplied to it.
• Do not move the drive until the drive stops completely (about
30 seconds if the spindle motor was stopped by a
START/STOP UNIT command, and about 30 seconds after
powering-off when the power was simply tu rned off).
• Then, dismount the drive using the drive
mounting/dismounting mechanism, etc. of the system.
• When storing or transporting the drive, put it in an antistatic
case (Fcell). (Shown in Section 5.1).
Data loss
When the SEND DIAGNOSTIC command terminates with the CHECK
CONDITION status, the initiator must collect the error information
using the REQUEST SENSE command. The RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC
RESULTS command cannot read out the error information detected in
the self-diagnostics.
Caution
1. To avoid injury, do not touch the mechanical assembly during disk
drive operation.
2. Do not use solvents to clean the disk drive.
6-4
6-5
vi C141-E235
Important Alert Items
Task Alert message Page
Diagnostics and
Maintenance
Caution
1. Always ground yourself with a wrist strap connected to ground
before handling. ESD (Electrostatics Discharge) may cause the
damage to the device.
2. Do not remove a PCA. This operation is required to prevent
unexpected or unpredictable operation.
3. Do not use a conductive cleaner to clean a disk drive assembly.
Damage
1. Never remove any labels from the drive.
2. Never open the disk enclosure for any reason.
Doing so will void any warranties.
Data loss
Save data stored on the disk drive to other media before requesting
repair. Fujitsu does not assume responsibility if data is destroyed
during servicing or repair.
6-5
6-14
6-7
C141-E235 vii
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MANUAL ORGANIZATION
PRODUCT/
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
(This manual)
FIBRE CHANNEL
INTERFACE
SPECIFICATIONS
1. General Description
2. Specifications
3. Data Format
4. Installation Requirements
5. Installation
6. Diagnostics and Maintenance
7. Error Analysis
1. Fibre Channel Interface
2. Command Processing
3. Data Buffer Management
4. Command Specifications
5. Sense Data and Error Recovery Methods
6. Disk Media Management
C141-E235 ix
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 General Description..................................................................1-1
1.1 Standard Features....................................................................................1-2
1.2 Hardware Structure .................................................................................1-5
1.3 System Configuration..............................................................................1-7
CHAPTER 2 Specifications............................................................................2-1
2.1 Hardware Specifications .........................................................................2-1
2.1.1 Model name and order number...............................................................2-1
2.1.2 Function specifications............................................................................2-2
2.1.3 Environmental specifications..................................................................2-4
2.1.4 Error rate .................................................................................................2-5
2.1.5 Reliability................................................................................................2-5
CHAPTER 3 Data Format ...............................................................................3-1
3.1 Data Space...............................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Cylinder configuration............................................................................3-1
3.1.2 Alternate spare area.................................................................................3-4
3.1.3 Track format............................................................................................3-5
3.1.4 Sector format...........................................................................................3-6
3.1.5 Format capacity.......................................................................................3-8
3.2 Logical Data Block Addressing ..............................................................3-8
3.3 Defect Management ..............................................................................3-10
3.3.1 Defect list ..............................................................................................3-10
3.3.2 Alternate block allocation.....................................................................3-10
CHAPTER 4 Installation Requirements ........................................................4-1
4.1 Mounting Requirements..........................................................................4-1
4.1.1 External dimensions................................................................................4-1
C141-E235 xi
Contents
4.1.2 Mounting orientations .............................................................................4-3
4.1.3 Notes on mounting ..................................................................................4-3
4.2 Power Supply Requirements ...................................................................4-8
4.3 Connection Requirements .......................................................................4-9
4.3.1 Connector.................................................................................................4-9
4.3.2 Interface connector................................................................................4-10
CHAPTER 5 Installation................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Notes on Handling Drives .......................................................................5-1
5.2 Setting......................................................................................................5-3
5.2.1 Loop ID setting........................................................................................5-3
5.2.2 Mode settings...........................................................................................5-3
5.3 Mounting Drives......................................................................................5-4
5.3.1 Mounting procedures...............................................................................5-4
5.4 Checking Operation after Installation and Preparing the HDD
for Use .....................................................................................................5-5
5.4.1 Checking initial operation .......................................................................5-5
5.4.2 Checking connection ...............................................................................5-6
5.4.3 Formatting ...............................................................................................5-9
5.4.4 Setting parameters.................................................................................5-11
5.5 Dismounting Drives...............................................................................5-16
5.6 Spare Disk Drive ...................................................................................5-16
CHAPTER 6 Diagnostics and Maintenance.................................................. 6-1
6.1 Diagnostics ..............................................................................................6-1
6.1.1 Self-diagnostics .......................................................................................6-1
6.1.2 Test programs..........................................................................................6-4
6.2 Maintenance Information ........................................................................6-5
6.2.1 Precautions ..............................................................................................6-5
6.2.2 Maintenance requirements ......................................................................6-6
6.2.3 Maintenance levels..................................................................................6-7
6.2.4 Revision numbers....................................................................................6-8
xii C141-E235
Contents
6.2.5 Tools and test equipment ........................................................................6-9
6.2.6 Tests ........................................................................................................6-9
6.3 Operation Check....................................................................................6-11
6.3.1 Initial seek operation check...................................................................6-11
6.3.2 Operation test ........................................................................................6-11
6.3.3 Diagnostic test.......................................................................................6-11
6.4 Troubleshooting Procedures..................................................................6-12
6.4.1 Outline of troubleshooting procedures..................................................6-12
6.4.2 Troubleshooting with disk drive replacement in the field....................6-12
6.4.3 Troubleshooting at the repair site..........................................................6-14
6.4.4 Troubleshooting with parts replacement in the factory ........................6-15
6.4.5 Finding possibly faulty parts.................................................................6-15
CHAPTER 7 Error Analysis............................................................................7-1
7.1 Error Analysis Information Collection ...................................................7-1
7.1.1 Sense data................................................................................................7-1
7.1.2 Sense key, additional sense code, and additional sense code qualifier...7-1
7.2 Sense Data Analysis................................................................................7-3
7.2.1 Error information indicated with sense data...........................................7-3
7.2.2 Sense data (3-0C-03), (4-40-xx), and (4-C4-xx).....................................7-4
7.2.3 Sense data (1-1x-xx), (3-1x-xx) and (E-1D-00): Disk read error..........7-4
7.2.4 Sense data (4-44-xx), (5-2x-xx), (B-44-xx), (B-47-xx), (B-49-00)
and (B-4E-00): fibre channel interface error ..........................................7-4
APPENDIX A Connector Signal Allocation ................................................... A-1
A.1 Interface (FC-SCA) Connector Signal Allocation................................. A-2
Glossary...........................................................................................................GL-1
Abbreviation.....................................................................................................AB-1
Index ................................................................................................................. IN-1
C141-E235 xiii
Contents
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1 FC model drives outer view......................................................... 1-5
Figure 1.2 Example of FC-AL system configuration.................................... 1-7
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2 Spare area in cell.......................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.3 Alternate cylinder......................................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.4 Track format................................................................................. 3-5
Figure 3.5 Track skew/head skew ................................................................. 3-6
Figure 3.6 Sector format................................................................................ 3-6
Figure 3.7 Alternate block allocation by FORMAT UNIT command........ 3-11
Figure 3.8 Alternate block allocation by REASSIGN BLOCKS
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2 HDD orientations ......................................................................... 4-3
Figure 4.3 Mounting frame structure............................................................. 4-4
Figure 4.4 Limitation of side-mounting ........................................................ 4-5
Figure 4.5 Surface temperature measurement points.................................... 4-6
Figure 4.6 Service clearance area.................................................................. 4-7
Figure 4.7 Current waveform (+12 VDC)..................................................... 4-8
Figure 4.8 AC noise filter (recommended).................................................... 4-9
Figure 4.9 Connector location....................................................................... 4-9
Figure 4.10 SCA2 type connector................................................................. 4-10
Figure 5.1
Figure 5.2 Checking the HDD connection (B).............................................. 5-8
Figure 6.1
Figure 6.2 Indicating revision numbers......................................................... 6-9
Figure 6.3 Test flowchart............................................................................. 6-10
Figure 7.1
Cylinder configuration................................................................. 3-2
command.................................................................................... 3-12
Dimensions................................................................................... 4-2
Checking the HDD connection (A).............................................. 5-7
Revision label (example) ............................................................. 6-8
Format of extended sense data..................................................... 7-2
xiv C141-E235
Contents
Tables
Table 2.1 Model names and order numbers..................................................2-1
Table 2.2 Function specifications.................................................................2-2
Table 2.3 Environmental/power requirements..............................................2-4
Table 3.1
Table 4.1
Table 5.1
Table 6.1 Self-diagnostic functions..............................................................6-1
Table 6.2 System-level field troubleshooting.............................................6-13
Table 6.3 Disk drive troubleshooting..........................................................6-14
Table 7.1
Table A.1
Format capacity.............................................................................3-8
Surface temperature check point ..................................................4-6
Motor start mode...........................................................................5-3
Definition of sense data ................................................................7-3
FC-SCA connector: CN1 ............................................................A-2
C141-E235 xv
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CHAPTER 1 General Description
1.1 Standard Features
1.2 Hardware Structure
1.3 System Configuration
This chapter describes the feature and configuration of the hard disk drives (HDDs).
The drives are high performance large capacity 3.5" type hard disk drives with an embedded Fibre-Channel
controller.
The interface used to connect the drives to the host system complies with NCITS TR-19 Fibre Channel Private
Loop SCSI Direct Attach (FC-PLDA), which is the Fibre Channel PLDA standard covering items ranging
from Fibre Channel physical layers to SCSI command protocols.
The high-speed data transfer and long-distance transmission capabilities of Fibre Channel technology and the
powerful command set the HDDs facilitate creation of high-performance and highly reliable disk subsystems
with large storage capacities.
The data format can be changed from the format at factory shipment by re-initializing with the use's system.
Refer to Chapter 6 “Disc Media Management” of the Fibre Channel Interface Specification for details.
C141-E235 1-1
General Description
1.1 Standard Features
(1) Compactness
In a compact enclosure having the 3.5-inch HDD form factor, the HDD contains an FC-AL
controller, which supports the Arbitrated Loop technology (FC-AL), a Fibre Channel technology
defined by the related ANSI standard.
(2) Restriction of Use of Hazardous Substances
The amounts of hazardous substances in u s e in th ese HDDs hav e been redu ced in accordan ce with the
Restriction of Use of Hazardous Su bs tan ces (RoHS) Directiv e recen tly issued by European Union (EU).
Note:
At present, the permissible limits on the use of certain materials specified by the RoHS directive
have not been determined. In such cases, we are using the original criteria set by Fujitsu Limited
while referring to the restrictions already established by End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive or
by the national environmental laws of the EU member nations.
(3) FC-AL standard
The HDD provides not only FC-AL basic functions but also the following features:
• Arbitration
• Disconnection/Reconnection
• Data bus parity
The SCSI commands can manipula te data through logical block addressing regardless of the physical
characteristics of the disk drive. This allows software to accommodate future expansion of system
functions.
(4) Dual-port support
The HDD has two pairs of driver and receiver sets for the Fibre Channel to support dual-port
connection.
(5) High-speed data transfer
The maximum data-transfer speed on the Fibre Channel loop is 212.5 MB/s. The large-capacity data
buffer of the HDD enables the effective use of such high-speed data transfers available on the Fibre
Channel loop.
(6) Continuous block processing
The addressing method of data blocks is logical block address. The initiator can access data by
specifying block number in a logically continuous data space without concerning the physical
structure of the track or cylinder boundaries.
1-2 C141-E235
1.1 Standard Features
The continuous processing up to [64K-1] blocks in a command can be achiev ed, and HDD can perform
continuous read/write operation when processing data blocks on several tracks or cylinder.
(7) Multi-segment data buffer
The data buffer is 8M bytes. Data is transferred between Fibre Channel Loop and disk media
through this data buffer. Thi s feature pro vides the suitab l e usage environment fo r users.
Since the initiator can control the disconnect/reconnect timing on the Fibre Channel Loop by
specifying the condition of stored data to the data buffer or empty condition of the data buffer, the
initiator can perform the effective input/output operations with utilizing high data transfer capability
of the Fibre Channel Loop regardless of actual data transfer rate of the disk drive.
(8) Cache feature
After executing the READ command, the HDD reads automatically and stores (prefetches) the
subsequent data blocks into the data buffer (Read-ahead caching).
The high speed sequential data access can be achieved by tran sferrin g th e data from the data bu ff er w ithou t
reaccessing the disk in cas e the su bsequen t com m and reques ts the pref etched data block s.
The Write Cache feature is supported. When this feature is enabled, the status report is issued
without waiting for completion of write processing to disk media, thereby enabling high speed write
processing.
When Write Cache is enabled, you should ensure that the cached data is
surely flushed to the disk media befo re you turn off the drive's power.
To ensure it, you should issue either the SYNCHRONIZE CACHE
command or the STOP UNIT command with specifying “0” to the
Immediate bit, and then confirm that the command is surely terminated
with the GOOD STATUS.
(9) Command queuing fe ature
The HDD can queue maximum 128 commands, and optimizes the issuing order of queued commands
by the reordering function. This feature realizes the high speed processing.
(10) Reserve and release functions
The HDD can be accessed exclusively in the multi-host or multi-initiator environment by using the
reserve and release functions.
(11) Enclosure service function
The HDD supports the enclosure service interface (ESI), which complies with SFF-8067. The ESI
interface enables use of the SCSI-3 enclosure service command set (SES) so that the functions that
specify and read enclosure service information can be used.
C141-E235 1-3
General Description
(12) Error recovery
The HDD can try to recover from errors in Fibre Channel Loop or the disk drive using its powerful
retry processing. If a recoverable data check occurs, error-free data can be transferred to the initiator
after being corrected in the data buffer. The initiator software is released from the complicated error
recover processing by these error recovery functions of the HDD.
(13) Automatic alternate block reassignment
If a defective data block is detected during read or write the HDD can automatically reassign its
alternate data block.
(14) Programmable data block length
Data can be accessed in fixed-block length units. The data block length is programmable, and can be
specified at initializing with a multiple of four within the range of 512 to 528 bytes.
Error rate increase
1. The drive format at factory shipment is generally 512 bytes.
2. The recoverable Error of the drive might increase when the format would
be modified from 512 bytes to the following values:
516 bytes, 520 bytes, 524 bytes, 528 bytes.
3. The recoverable Error referred here is sense data (1-13-xx).
(15) Defective block slipping
A logical data block can be reallocated in a physical sequence by slipping the defective data block at
formatting. This results in high speed contiguous data block processing without a revolution delay
due to defective data block.
(16) High speed positioning
A rotary voice coil motor achieves fast positioning with high performance access control.
(17) Large capacity
A large capacity can be obtained from the HDD by dividing all cylinders into several partitions and
changing the recording density on each partition (constant density recording). The disk subsystem
with large capacity can be constructed in the good space efficiency.
(18) Start/Stop of spindle motor
Using the SCSI command, the host system can start and stop the spindle motor.
1-4 C141-E235
1.2 Hardware Structure
(19) Diagnosis
The HDD has a diagnostic capability which checks internal controller functions and drive operations
to facilitate testing and repair.
(20) Low power consumption
By using highly integrated LSI components, the power consumption of the HDD is very low, and this
enables the unit to be used in wide range of environmental conditions.
(21) Low noise and low vibration
The noise level is low; approx. 3.4 Bels at Ready for the drive. This makes it ideal for office use.
(22) Microcode downloading
The HDD implements the microcode download feature. This feature easily achieves maintenance
and function enhancement of the HDD.
1.2 Hardware Structure
An outer view of the HDD is given in Figures 1.1. The HDD has a disk enclosure (DE) and a printed
circuit assembly (PCA). The DE includes heads on an actuator and disks on a spindle motor
mounted on the DE. The PCA includes a read/write circuit and a controller circuit.
Figure 1.1 FC model drives outer view
(1) Disks
The disks have an outer diameter of 84 mm (3.3 inch) and an inner diameter of 25 mm (0.98 inch).
The disks are good for at least 50,000 contact starts and stops.
C141-E235 1-5
General Description
(2) Heads
The MR (Magnet - Resistive) of the CSS (contact start/stop) type heads are in contact with the disks
when the disks are not rotating, and automatically float when the rotation is started.
(3) Spindle motor
The disks are rotated by a direct-drive hall-less DC spindle motor. The motor speed is controlled by
a feedback circuit using the counter electromotive current to precisely maintain the specified speed.
(4) Actuator
The actuator, which uses a rotary voice coil motor (VCM), consumes little power and generates little
heat. The heads at the end of the actuator arm are controlled and positioned via feedback of servo
information in the data.
The heads are positioned on the CCS zone over the disks when the power is off or the spindle motor
is stopped.
(5) Air circulation (recirculation filter, breather filter)
The disk enclosure (DE) configures a clean room to keep out particles and other contaminants. The
DE has a closed-loop air recirculation system. Using the movement of the rotating disks, air is
continuously cycled through a filter. This filter will trap any particles floating inside the e nc l osure
and keep the air inside the DE contaminant free. To prevent negative pressure in the vicinity of the
spindle when the disks begin rotating, a breather filter is attached. The breather filter also equalizes
the internal air pressure with the atmospheric pressure due to surrounding temperature changes.
(6) Read/write circuit
The read/write circuit utilizes a read channel mounted with a head IC that supports high-speed
transmission and an MEEPR4ML (Modified Enhanced Extended Partial Response Class 4 Maximum
Likelihood) modulation/demodulation circuit in order to prevent errors being triggered by external
noise and to improve data reliability.
(7) Controller circuit
The controller circuit uses LSIs to increase the reliability and uses a high speed microprocessing unit
(MPU) to increase the performance of the FC controller.
1-6 C141-E235
1.3 System Configuration
1.3 System Configuration
For the Fibre Channel, the ANSI standard defines Arbitrated Loop, Fabric, and Point-to-Point
technologies. The drives support the Arbitrated Loop technology. Figure 1.2 gives an example of
the FC-AL system configuration.
Initiator
(Node-1)
Port B
Port A
BC
BC
BC
BC
Drive
(Node-4)
Port B
Port A
BC
BC
BC
BC
Port B
Drive
(Node-2)
Port A
Port B
Drive
(Node-3)
Port A
Figure 1.2 Example of FC-AL system configuration
Any device connected to the Fibre Channel is called a node. The nodes shown in Figure 1.2
represent the initiator and individual disk drives. Each node has at least one port called an N_port.
For FC-AL, each port is called a Node-Loop port (NL_port).
The drives have two ports, one of which is used for connections to an FC-AL. A maximum of 126
NL_ports can be connected to a single port.
(1) Loop configuration
A port embedded with sending and receiving circuits uses differential signals to send and receive data
on electric signal lines. A pair of signal lines is called a link. Since signals are sent in one direction
on a link, the links in a system must be connected to form a loop. The FC-AL interface sends and
receives data via nodes on the loop. Therefore, if a node connected to a loop is powered off or the
interface signals of a node cannot be sent or received correctly, the loop does not work normally. A
common solution preventing this problem from occurring is to add a por t bypass circuit on the back
plane of the system. BC in Figure 1.2 indicates the port bypass circuit.
(2) Node addressing
A specific device number called a SEL ID is assigned to each node on a Fibre Channel loop. The
combination of signal levels on the back plane is used to define the SEL ID of a disk drive. The
signal levels are se nt on the seven signals (from SEL_0 to SEL_6 ) from CN1, which serves as a n
SCA interface connector. SEL_6 is the most significant bit (MSB), having a bit weight of the sixth
power of 2, and SEL_0 is the least significant bit (LSB), having a bit weight of the zeroth power of 2.
Any number from 0 (X’00) to 125 (X’7D’) can be assigned as the SEL ID of a disk drive.
C141-E235 1-7
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