Fujitsu MAU3147RC SERIES, MAV2073RC SERIES, MAU3073RC SERIES, MAV2036RC SERIES, MAU3036RC SERIES Technical Manual
C141-C009-01EN
MAU3036RC, MAU3073RC, MAU3147RC SERIES
MAV2036RC, MAV2073RC SERIES
DISK DRIVES
SERIAL ATTACHED SCSI INTERFACE
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR SAFE OPERATION
Handling of This Ma nual
This manual contains important information for using this product. Read thoroughly before using
the product. Use this product only after thoroughly reading and understanding especially the
section "Important Alert Items" in this manual. Keep this manual handy, and keep it carefully.
FUJITSU makes every effort to prevent users and bystanders from being injured or from suffering
damage to their property. Us e th e product according t o t hi s m anual .
This product is designed and manufactured for use in standard applications such as office work,
personal devices and household appliances. This product is not intended for special uses (atomic
controls , aeronautic o r s p ace s y s t em s , mass tran s p or t v ehicle operatin g co n t ro l s , medical dev i ces
for life support, or weapons firing controls) where particularly high reliability requirements exist,
where the pertinent levels of safety are not guaranteed, or where a failure or operational error could
threaten a life or cause a physical injury (hereafter referred to as "mission-critical" use). Customers
considering the use of these products for mission-critical applications must have safety-assurance
measures in p l ace b efo rehan d . Moreover, they are request ed to consul t o ur s ales representat i v e
before embarkin g o n s uch s p eci al ized use.
First Edition March 2005
The contents of this manual may be revised without prior notice.
The contents of this manual shall not be disclosed in any way or reproduced in any media without
All Rights Reserved, Copyright FUJITSU LIMITED 2005
C141-C009
the express written permission of Fujitsu Limited.
Revision History
(1/1)
Edition Date
01 2005.02.20 — —
Revised section (*1)
(Added/Deleted/Altered)
Details
*1 Section(s) with asterisk (*) refer to the previous edition when those were deleted.
C141-C009
This page is intentionally left blank.
Preface
This manual explains concerning the 3.5 inch hard disk drives with internal Serial
Attached SCSI (SAS) controller.
The purpose of this manual is to provide the specifications and functions of SAS
for use of these magnetic disk drives incorporated into user systems, and to present
the information necessary for creating host system software. This manual is
written for users who have a basic knowledge of hard disk drives and their use in
computer systems.
The composition of manuals related to these disk drives and the range of subjects
covered in this manual are shown in “Manual Organization,” provided on a
subsequent page. Please use these other manuals along with this manual as
necessary.
The organization of this manual, related reference manual and conventions for
alert messages follow.
Overview of Manual
This manual consists of the following six chapters, glossary, abbreviation, and
index:
Chapter 1 SAS Interface
This chapter describes the topology, physical and electrical requirements, interface
protocol, and other operations of the interface.
Chapter 2 Command Processing
This chapter describes the basic logical specifications related to command
processing.
Chapter 3 Data Buffer Management
This chapter describes the data buffer configuration, data transfer processing
functions and cache operations.
Chapter 4 Command Specifications
This chapter describes detailed command specifications and how to use them.
C141-C009 i
Preface
Chapter 5 Sense Data and Error Recovery Methods
This chapter describes the configuration and contents of sense data which report to
the host s y s t em wh en an erro r o ccurs , etc., k ey i nfo rm at ion necessary for erro r
recovery, recommended procedures for error recovery to be executed through host
system software and retry processing.
Chapter 6 Disk Media Management
This chapter describes the procedure for initializing the disk media, methods of
treating media defects and data recovery methods.
Glossary
The gloss ary exp l ai n s t ech n i cal t erm s wh i ch are n eces s ary t o t h e read er’s
understanding when reading this manual.
Acronyms and Abbreviations
This list shows the full spelling of abbreviations used in this manual.
Index
ii C141-C009
Preface
CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL
The model names of the disk drives covered by this manual differ depending
on their device types and capacity (*1). In addition, these disk drives are called
Intelligent Disk Drive (IDD), "drive" or "device" in this manual.
Note: Model Name
M AU 3 147 RC
Interface type
Formatted capacity (1,000MB units)
* 1MB=1,000,000bytes
Disk size 3: 3.5 inch
2: 2.5 inch
Type AU: 3.5 inch height, 15,000rpm
AT: 3.5 inch height, 10,025rpm
AV: 2.5 inch height, 10,025rpm
Decimal numbers are represented normally.
Hexadecimal numbers are represented as shown in the following examples:
X’17B9’, 17B9h, 17B9H, or 17B9H.
Binary number is represented as "010", 010b.
An X is used to represent mode parameters that are ignored by the MODE
SELECT and MODE SELECT EXTENDED commands. An X is also used
to represent mode parameters reported by the MODE SELECT and MODE
SELECT EXTENDED commands and that vary depending on conditions at
the time.
C141-C009 iii
Preface
Conventions for Alert Messages
This manual uses the following conventions to show the alert messages. An alert
message con s i s t s o f an al ert signal and al ert s tatements . The alert si g n al co n s i s t s o f
an alert symbol and a signal word or just a signal word.
The followi n g are t h e al ert s i g n al s an d t h ei r meanings:
This indicates a hazardous s i tu at ion likely to result in
serious personal injury if the user does not perform
the procedur e correctly.
This indicates a hazardous s i tu at ion could result in
serious personal injury if the user does not perform
the procedur e correctly.
This indicates a hazardous s i tu at ion could result in
minor or moderate personal injury if the user does
not perform t h e p ro ced ur e correct ly. This al ert signal
also indicates that damages to the product or other
property, may occur if the user does not perform the
product correctly.
Attention
This indicates information that could help the user
use the product more efficiently.
In the text, the alert signal is centered, followed below by the indented message. A
wider line s p ace preced es an d fol lows the alert m es s ag e t o s ho w wh ere t h e al ert
message begins and ends. The following is an example:
(Example)
It is possible to use bit 7 and bit 6 of the control byte as an inherent
control field in future product specifications. It is recommended that
the INIT specify zero i n this field .
Please forward any comments you may have regarding this manual.
To make this manual easier for users to understand, opinions from readers are
needed. Please write your opinions or requests on the Comment at the back of this
manual and forward it to the address described in the sheet.
iv C141-C009
Preface
MANUAL ORGANIZATION
Product Manual
1. Outline
2. Specifications
3. Data Format
4. Installation Conditions
5. Installation Procedure
6. Diagnosis and Maintenance
Interface Specifications
(This Manual)
1. Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface
2. Command Processing
3. Data Buffer Management
4. Command Specifications
5. Sense Data and Error Recovery Methods
6. Disk Media Management
Maintenance Manual 1. Specifications and Equipment Configuration
2. Maintenance and Diagnosis
3. Troubleshooting
4. Removal and Replacement Procedures
5. Operating Theory
C141-C009 v
Preface
REFERENCED STANDARDS
The product specifications and functions described in this manual conform to the
following standards:
Specification
(document) number
T10/1562-D
Revision 05
T10/1601-D
Revision 07
T10/1236D
Revision 20
T10/996D
Revision 8C
T10/1157D
Revision 24
T10/1561
Revision 13
Name
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) American national
Serial Attached SCSI-1.1 (SAS-1.1) American national
Information technology SCSI Primary
Commands-2 (SPC-2)
Information Technology SCSI-3 Block
Commands (SBC)
Information technology SCSI-3 Architecture
Model (SAM-2)
Information technology SCSI-3 Architecture
Model (SAM-3)
Concerned
organization
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
American national
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
American national
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
American national
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
American national
Standards Institute
(ANSI)
vi C141-C009
Contents
CHAPTER 1 SAS Interface............................................................................1-1
1.1 Topologies in SAS Interface ....................................................................1-2
1.1.1 SAS Layering ......................................................................................1-3
1.1.2 Physical links and phys .......................................................................1-4
1.1.3 Ports (narrow ports and wide ports) ....................................................1-4
1.1.4 SAS devices.........................................................................................1-6
1.1.5 Pathways..............................................................................................1-7
1.1.6 Connections.........................................................................................1-8
1.2 Names and identifiers...............................................................................1-9
1.2.1 SAS addresses......................................................................................1-9
1.2.2 Hashed SAS address..........................................................................1-10
1.3 Phy layer.................................................................................................1-11
1.3.1 8b10b coding .....................................................................................1-11
1.3.2 Link reset sequence ...........................................................................1-12
1.3.3 Start conditions of the link reset sequence........................................1-13
1.3.4 Out of band (OOB) signals................................................................1-13
1.3.5 SAS OOB sequency...........................................................................1-16
1.3.5.1 Exception handling in the OOB sequence.........................................1-18
1.3.6 SAS speed negotiation sequence.......................................................1-18
1.3.6.1 Phy reset sequence after devices are attached...................................1-22
1.3.6.2 When the speed negotiation sequence is successful..........................1-23
1.3.6.3 Exception handling in the speed negotiation sequence.....................1-23
1.3.7 Phy layer dword synchronization (DWS)..........................................1-23
1.4 Link layer ...............................................................................................1-24
1.4.1 Primitives...........................................................................................1-24
1.4.2 Primitive sequences...........................................................................1-27
1.4.3 Primitives not specific to type of connections ..................................1-27
1.4.3.1 AIP (Arbitration in progress).............................................................1-27
1.4.3.2 ALIGN...............................................................................................1-27
C141-C009 vii
Contents
1.4.3.3 BREAK..............................................................................................1-28
1.4.3.4 BROADCAST ...................................................................................1-28
1.4.3.5 CLOSE...............................................................................................1-29
1.4.3.6 EOAF (End of address frame) ...........................................................1-29
1.4.3.7 ERROR ..............................................................................................1-29
1.4.3.8 HARD_RESET..................................................................................1-29
1.4.3.9 NOTIFY.............................................................................................1-30
1.4.3.10 OPEN_ACCEPT.............................................................................1-30
1.4.3.11 OPEN_REJECT..............................................................................1-30
1.4.3.12 SOAF (Start of address frame)........................................................1-33
1.4.4 Primitives used only inside SSP and SMP connections ....................1-34
1.4.4.1 ACK (acknowledge) ..........................................................................1-34
1.4.4.2 CREDIT_BLOCKED ........................................................................1-34
1.4.4.3 DONE ................................................................................................1-34
1.4.4.4 EOF (End of frame) ...........................................................................1-36
1.4.4.5 NAK (negative acknowledgement) ...................................................1-36
1.4.4.6 RRDY ................................................................................................1-36
1.4.4.7 SOF (Start of frame) ..........................................................................1-36
1.4.5 Clock skew management...................................................................1-37
1.4.6 Idle physical link................................................................................1-37
1.4.7 Scrambling.........................................................................................1-38
1.5 Address frames .......................................................................................1-39
1.5.1 Address frames overview...................................................................1-39
1.5.2 IDENTIFY address frame..................................................................1-40
1.5.3 OPEN address frame..........................................................................1-42
1.5.4 Identification and hard reset sequence...............................................1-45
1.5.5 Connections .......................................................................................1-46
1.5.5.1 Connections overview........................................................................1-46
1.5.5.2 Connection request ............................................................................1-46
1.5.5.3 Connection responses ........................................................................1-47
1.5.5.4 Arbitration fairness............................................................................1-47
1.5.5.5 Aborting a connection request...........................................................1-49
1.5.5.6 Closing a connection..........................................................................1-50
1.5.5.7 Breaking a connection .......................................................................1-51
1.5.5.8 Rate matching ....................................................................................1-51
viii C141-C009
Contents
1.5.6 SSP link layer ....................................................................................1-52
1.5.6.1 SSP frame transmission and reception..............................................1-53
1.5.6.2 SSP flow control................................................................................1-53
1.5.6.3 Interlocked frames.............................................................................1-53
1.5.6.4 Closing an SSP connection................................................................1-56
1.6 Transport layer .......................................................................................1-58
1.6.1 SSP frame format ..............................................................................1-58
1.6.2 Information units...............................................................................1-61
1.6.2.1 COMMAND information unit...........................................................1-61
1.6.2.2 TASK information unit......................................................................1-64
1.6.2.3 XFER_RDY information unit ...........................................................1-66
1.6.2.4 DATA information unit.....................................................................1-69
1.6.2.5 RESPONSE information unit............................................................1-72
1.6.3 Sequences of SSP frames ..................................................................1-76
1.6.4 Exceptional event processing of a drive............................................1-79
CHAPTER 2 Command Processing .............................................................2-1
2.1 Command Format.....................................................................................2-1
2.2 Status Byte................................................................................................2-6
2.3 Command Queuing Function ...................................................................2-8
2.4 UNIT ATTENTION Condition................................................................2-9
2.4.1 Generation of the UNIT ATTENTION condition...............................2-9
2.4.2 Response and release condition at UNIT ATTENTION
co n d it i o n h o l d s t a t e..............................................................................2-10
2.4.3 UNIT ATTENTION condition multiple hold ...................................2-11
2.5 Sense Data Hold State............................................................................2-11
2.6 Power Condition.....................................................................................2-12
2.7 LED Display...........................................................................................2-14
2.8 Command Processing Exceptions..........................................................2-14
2.8.1 Overlapping commands.....................................................................2-14
2.8.2 Illegal LUN specification..................................................................2-15
C141-C009 ix
Contents
2.8.3 Reserved operation code....................................................................2-15
2.8.4 Error recovery processing..................................................................2-16
2.8.5 Abort processing................................................................................2-17
2.8.6 Fatal hardware errors.........................................................................2-20
2.9 Data Block Addressing...........................................................................2-20
2.9.1 Definition of data space.....................................................................2-20
2.9.2 Logical block addressing...................................................................2-23
CHAPTER 3 Data Buffer Management......................................................... 3-1
3.1 Data Buffer ...............................................................................................3-1
3.1.1 Data buffer configuration and basic operation ....................................3-1
3.2 Look-Ahead Cache Feature......................................................................3-4
3.2.1 Caching operation................................................................................3-4
3.2.2 Caching parameters..............................................................................3-6
3.2.3 Look-Ahead operation, Look-Ahead volume......................................3-7
CHAPTER 4 Command Specifications........................................................ 4-1
4.1 Control/Sense Commands ......................................................................4-1
4.1.1 TEST UNIT READY (00)...................................................................4-1
4.1.2 INQUIRY (12).....................................................................................4-2
4.1.3 READ CAPACITY (25)....................................................................4-16
4.1.4 MODE SELECT (15) ........................................................................4-17
4.1.5 MODE SELECT EXTENDED (55) ..................................................4-69
4.1.6 MODE SENSE (1A)..........................................................................4-71
4.1.7 MODE SENSE EXTENDED (5A)....................................................4-78
4.1.8 REZERO UNIT (01)..........................................................................4-80
4.1.9 START/STOP UNIT (1B).................................................................4-80
4.1.10 RESERVE (16)...................................................................................4-82
4.1.11 RESERVE EXTENDED (56)............................................................4-83
4.1.12 RELEASE (17)...................................................................................4-84
4.1.13 RELEASE EXTENDED (57).............................................................4-85
4.1.14 REQUEST SENSE (03)......................................................................4-85
4.1.15 LOG SELECT (4C) ............................................................................4-87
x C141-C009
Contents
4.1.16 LOG SENSE (4D)..............................................................................4-91
4.1.17 PERSISTENT RESERVE IN (5E)...................................................4-119
4.1.18 PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT (5F)...............................................4-126
4.1.19 REPORT LUNS (A0).......................................................................4-131
4.1.20 REPORT DEVICE IDENTIFIER (A3)............................................4-133
4.1.21 SET DEVICE IDENTIFIER (A4)....................................................4-135
4.2 Data Access Commands.......................................................................4-136
4.2.1 READ (08).......................................................................................4-136
4.2.2 READ EXTENDED (28).................................................................4-137
4.2.3 WRITE (0A)....................................................................................4-138
4.2.4 WRITE EXTENDED (2A)..............................................................4-140
4.2.5 WRITE AND VERIFY (2E) ...........................................................4-141
4.2.6 VERIFY (2F)...................................................................................4-142
4.2.7 SEEK (0B).......................................................................................4-143
4.2.8 SEEK EXTENDED (2B).................................................................4-144
4.2.9 SYNCHRONIZE CACHE (35)..........................................................4-145
4.3 Format Commands...............................................................................4-146
4.3.1 FORMAT UNIT (04) ......................................................................4-146
4.3.2 REASSIGN BLOCKS (07) .............................................................4-157
4.3.3 READ DEFECT DATA (37)...........................................................4-161
4.3.4 READ DEFECT DATA (B7)..........................................................4-166
4.4 Maintenance, Diagnostic Commands...................................................4-167
4.4.1 SEND DIAGNOSTIC (1D).............................................................4-167
4.4.2 RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS (1C) ....................................4-175
4.4.3 WRITE BUFFER (3B)....................................................................4-180
4.4.4 READ BUFFER (3C)......................................................................4-186
4.4.5 READ LONG (3E) ..........................................................................4-190
4.4.6 WRITE LONG (3F).........................................................................4-192
4.4.7 WRITE SAME (41).........................................................................4-193
C141-C009 xi
Contents
CHAPTER 5 Sense Data and Error Recovery Methods.............................. 5-1
5.1 Sense Data ................................................................................................5-1
5.1.1 Sense data format.................................................................................5-1
5.1.2 Sense data basic information...............................................................5-3
5.1.3 Sense data additional information .....................................................5-13
5.2 INIT Error Recovery Methods (Recommended)....................................5-14
5.2.1 Termination status analysis and error recovery methods ..................5-14
5.2.2 Sense data analysis and error recovery methods ...............................5-16
5.2.3 Error logging......................................................................................5-24
5.3 Disk Drive Error Recovery Processing ..................................................5-24
5.3.1 Error states and retry processing procedures.....................................5-24
5.3.2 Auto alternate block allocation processing........................................5-26
5.3.3 Error recovery processing control .....................................................5-28
CHAPTER 6 Disk Media Management ......................................................... 6-1
6.1 Defect Management..................................................................................6-1
6.2 Disk Media Initialization..........................................................................6-4
6.2.1 Initialization during installation...........................................................6-4
6.2.2 Re-initialization ...................................................................................6-5
6.3 Data Block Verification Methods (Recommended).................................6-7
6.4 Alternate Block Allocation Processing ....................................................6-8
Glossary .........................................................................................................GL-1
Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................... AB-1
Index .................................................................................................................IN-1
xii C141-C009
Contents
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1 SAS drive connection patterns.............................................................1-2
Figure 1.2 SAS control layers................................................................................1-3
Figure 1.3 Physical links and phys ........................................................................1-4
Figure 1.4 Ports (narrow ports and wide ports).....................................................1-5
Figure 1.5 SAS devices..........................................................................................1-6
Figure 1.6 Example of potential pathways............................................................1-7
Figure 1.7 Reset-related terminology..................................................................1-12
Figure 1.8 OOB signal transmission....................................................................1-14
Figure 1.9 OOB signal detection .........................................................................1-16
Figure 1.10 SAS to SAS OOB sequence.............................................................1-17
Figure 1.11 SAS speed negotiation window........................................................1-19
Figure 1.12 SAS speed negotiation sequence (Example 1).................................1-21
Figure 1.13 SAS speed negotiation sequence (Example 2).................................1-21
Figure 1.14 Phy reset sequence (Example)..........................................................1-22
Figure 1.15 Connection request timeout example...............................................1-49
Figure 1.16 Closing a connection example..........................................................1-50
Figure 1.17 Interlocked frames............................................................................1-55
Figure 1.18 Non-interlocked frames with the same tag.......................................1-56
Figure 1.19 Non-interlocked frames with different tags .....................................1-56
Figure 1.20 Closing an SSP connection example................................................1-57
Figure 1.21 Example of XFER_RDY frames......................................................1-68
Figure 1.22 Example of TASK frame..................................................................1-76
Figure 1.23 Example of write command .............................................................1-77
Figure 1.24 Example of read command...............................................................1-77
Figure 1.25 Example of bidirectional command .................................................1-78
Figure 1.26 Example of the processing sequence for an exceptional event........1-80
Figure 2.1 Data space configuration....................................................................2-22
Figure 3.1 Data buffer configuration (in the case of 8 cache segments)...............3-2
Figure 4.1 MODE SELECT parameter structure.................................................4-19
Figure 4.2 Correction of the defect descriptor...................................................4-160
Figure 5.1 Analysis of the termination status......................................................5-14
C141-C009 xiii
Contents
Tables
Table 1.1 SAS address format............................................................................... 1-9
Table 1.2 Hashed SAS address code parameter.................................................. 1-10
Table 1.3 Usage of special characters................................................................. 1-11
Table 1.4 OOB signal timing specifications....................................................... 1-13
Table 1.5 OOB signal transmitter requirements................................................. 1-14
Table 1.6 OOB signal receiver burst time detection requirements..................... 1-15
Table 1.7 OOB signal receiver idle time detection requirements....................... 1-15
Table 1.8 OOB signal receiver negation time detection requirements............... 1-15
Table 1.9 SAS speed negotiation sequence timing specifications...................... 1-19
Table 1.10 Primitives not specific to type of connection .................................. 1-24
Table 1.11 Primitives used only inside SSP and SMP connections ................... 1-26
Table 1.12 Primitive sequences .......................................................................... 1-27
Table 1.13 OPEN_REJECT abandon primitives................................................ 1-31
Table 1.14 OPEN_REJECT retry primitives...................................................... 1-32
Table 1.15 DONE primitives .............................................................................. 1-35
Table 1.16 Clock skew management ALIGN insertion requirement ................. 1-37
Table 1.17 Scrambling for different data dword types....................................... 1-38
Table 1.18 Address frame format ....................................................................... 1-39
Table 1.19 IDENTIFY address frame format..................................................... 1-40
Table 1.20 DEVICE TYPE field......................................................................... 1-40
Table 1.21 OPEN address frame format............................................................. 1-42
Table 1.22 PROTOCOL field ............................................................................. 1-42
Table 1.23 CONNECTION RATE field............................................................. 1-43
Table 1.24 ARBITRATION WAIT TIME field................................................. 1-44
Table 1.25 Connection responses........................................................................ 1-47
Table 1.26 Arbitration priority for OPEN address frames passing on a
physical link...................................................................................... 1-48
Table 1.27 Abort connection responses.............................................................. 1-49
Table 1.28 Close connection responses .............................................................. 1-50
Table 1.29 Break connection responses.............................................................. 1-51
Table 1.30 Rate matching ALIGN and/or NOTIFY insertion
requirements ..................................................................................... 1-52
Table 1.31 SSP frame interlock requirements .................................................... 1-54
Table 1.32 SSP frame format.............................................................................. 1-58
Table 1.33 FRAME TYPE field.......................................................................... 1-59
Table 1.34 COMMAND information unit .......................................................... 1-61
Table 1.35 TASK ATTRIBUTE field................................................................. 1-62
Table 1.36 TASK information unit..................................................................... 1-64
Table 1.37 TASK MANAGEMENT FUNCTION field..................................... 1-65
Table 1.38 XFER_RDY information unit........................................................... 1-66
Table 1.39 An example of requested offset ........................................................ 1-68
Table 1.40 DATA information unit .................................................................... 1-69
xiv C141-C009
Contents
Table 1.41 RESPONSE information unit............................................................1-72
Table 1.42 DATAPRES field ..............................................................................1-72
Table 1.43 RESPONSE DATA field...................................................................1-74
Table 1.44 RESPONSE CODE field ...................................................................1-74
Table 1.45 Exceptional event processing of a drive ...........................................1-81
Table 2.1 6-Byte CDB basic format ......................................................................2-2
Table 2.2 10-Byte CDB basic format ....................................................................2-2
Table 2.3 12-Byte CDB basic format ....................................................................2-3
Table 2.4 Operation code.......................................................................................2-3
Table 2.5 Control byte...........................................................................................2-5
Table 2.6 Status......................................................................................................2-6
Table 2.7 LED display.........................................................................................2-14
Table 2.8 Outline of disk drive error recovery processing..................................2-16
Table 2.9 Comparison between SAS and SCSI about definition ........................2-17
Table 2.10 Reset processing during write............................................................2-19
Table 4.1 Standard INQUIRY data........................................................................4-4
Table 4.2 VERSION field......................................................................................4-5
Table 4.3 Command queuing.................................................................................4-7
Table 4.4 Version descriptor..................................................................................4-8
Table 4.5 Command support data..........................................................................4-9
Table 4.6 Support.................................................................................................4-10
Table 4.7 VPD information .................................................................................4-11
Table 4.8 VPD information: VPD identifier list.................................................4-11
Table 4.9 VPD information: device serial No....................................................4-12
Table 4.10 VPD information: device unique information...................................4-13
Table 4.11 VPD information: operation mode...................................................4-15
Table 4.12 READ CAPACITY data....................................................................4-17
Table 4.13 MODE SELECT command (Group 0) parameter
configuration .....................................................................................4-21
Table 4.14 MODE SELECT parameters .............................................................4-24
Table 4.15 MODE SELECT parameters: read/write error recovery
parameters .........................................................................................4-26
Table 4.16 Combination of error recovery flags .................................................4-31
Table 4.17 MODE SELECT parameters: disconnect/reconnect
parameters .........................................................................................4-35
Table 4.18 MODE SELECT parameters: format parameters.............................4-37
Table 4.19 MODE SELECT parameters: drive parameters ...............................4-41
Table 4.20 MODE SELECT parameters: verify error recovery
parameters .........................................................................................4-43
Table 4.21 MODE SELECT parameters: caching parameters...........................4-45
Table 4.22 MODE SELECT parameters: control mode parameters ..................4-51
Table 4.23 TST ....................................................................................................4-52
Table 4.24 QErr ...................................................................................................4-53
Table 4.25 MODE SELECT parameters: notch parameters...............................4-55
C141-C009 xv
Contents
Table 4.26 Port control parameter: Page 0 Format
(Short Page Format) ......................................................................... 4-57
Table 4.27 Port control parameter: Sub Page Format (Long Format)................ 4-59
Table 4.28 SAS phy mode descriptor format...................................................... 4-60
Table 4.29 Power condition parameter: Page 0 Format (Short Page
Format) ............................................................................................. 4-63
Table 4.30 MODE SELECT parameters: informational exception
control page ...................................................................................... 4-64
Table 4.31 MRIE ................................................................................................ 4-66
Table 4.32 Interval timer..................................................................................... 4-67
Table 4.33 MODE SELECT parameters: additional error recovery
parameters......................................................................................... 4-68
Table 4.34 MODE SELECT EXTENDED command (group 2)
parameter configuration.................................................................... 4-70
Table 4.35 Mode page......................................................................................... 4-72
Table 4.36 MODE SENSE data type specifications........................................... 4-73
Table 4.37 MODE SENSE command (group 0) parameter
configuration..................................................................................... 4-75
Table 4.38 MODE SENSE EXTENDED command (group 2)
parameter configuration.................................................................... 4-79
Table 4.39 PC (page control).............................................................................. 4-88
Table 4.40 LOG SELECT command parameter configuration .......................... 4-88
Table 4.41 Page code .......................................................................................... 4-89
Table 4.42 Page descriptor.................................................................................. 4-89
Table 4.43 "Page Code" assignment for the log pages....................................... 4-92
Table 4.44 Support log page (X'00')................................................................... 4-93
Table 4.45 Buffer overrun/underrun page (X'01') .............................................. 4-94
Table 4.46 Write error count page (X'02').......................................................... 4-95
Table 4.47 Write errors recovered without delays
(page 02, code 0000) ........................................................................ 4-96
Table 4.48 Write errors recovered with possible delays
(page 02, code 0001) ........................................................................ 4-96
Table 4.49 Total write errors posted (page 02, code 0002)................................ 4-97
Table 4.50 Total recoverable write errors posted to INIT
(page 02, code 0003) ........................................................................ 4-97
Table 4.51 Total write bytes processed (page 02, code 0005)............................ 4-98
Table 4.52 Total unrecoverable write errors posted to INIT
(page 02, code 0006) ........................................................................ 4-98
Table 4.53 Read error count page (X'03')........................................................... 4-99
Table 4.54 Read errors recovered without delays (page 03, code 0000)............ 4-99
Table 4.55 Read errors recovered with possible delays
(page 03, code 0001) ...................................................................... 4-100
Table 4.56 Total read errors posted (page 03, code 0002)................................ 4-100
Table 4.57 Total recoverable read errors posted to INIT
(page 03, code 0003) ...................................................................... 4-101
Table 4.58 Total read bytes processed (page 03, code 0005)........................... 4-101
xvi C141-C009
Contents
Table 4.59 Total unrecoverable read errors posted to INIT
(page 03, code 0006).......................................................................4-102
Table 4.60 Verify error count page (X'05')........................................................4-102
Table 4.61 Verify errors recovered without delays
(page 05, code 0000).......................................................................4-103
Table 4.62 Vefiry errors recovered with possible delays
(page 05, code 0001).......................................................................4-103
Table 4.63 Total verify errors posted (page 05, code 0002)..............................4-104
Table 4.64 Total recoverable verify errors posted to INIT
(page 05, code 0003).......................................................................4-104
Table 4.65 Total verify bytes processed (page 05, code 0005).........................4-105
Table 4.66 Total unrecoverable verify errors posted to INIT
(page 05, code 0006).......................................................................4-105
Table 4.67 Non-medium error count page (X'06').............................................4-106
Table 4.68 Temperature page (X'0D') ...............................................................4-106
Table 4.69 Temperature (page 0D, code 0000).................................................4-107
Table 4.70 Reference temperature (page 0D, code 0001).................................4-107
Table 4.71 Start-stop cycle counter page (X'0E')..............................................4-108
Table 4.72 Date of manufacture (page 0E, code 0001).....................................4-108
Table 4.73 Accounting date (page 0E, code 0002)............................................4-109
Table 4.74 Specified cycle count over device lifetime
(page 0E, code 0003).......................................................................4-109
Table 4.75 Start-stop cycle counter (page 0E, code 0004)................................4-110
Table 4.76 Application client page (X'0F')........................................................4-111
Table 4.77 General usage application client parameter data
(page 0F, code 0000-003F) .............................................................4-111
Table 4.78 Self-test result page (X'10') .............................................................4-112
Table 4.79 Self-test result parameter data (page 10, code 0001-0014).............4-112
Table 4.80 Self-test results values.....................................................................4-113
Table 4.81 SAS protocol log page format .........................................................4-114
Table 4.82 Log parameter format......................................................................4-115
Table 4.83 SMART status page (X'2F').............................................................4-118
Table 4.84 SMART data page (X'38') ...............................................................4-118
Table 4.85 PERSISTENT RESERVE IN service actions .................................4-120
Table 4.86 PERSISTENT RESERVE IN parameter data for READ KEYS.....4-121
Table 4.87 PERSISTENT RESERVE IN parameter data for READ
RESERVATIONS...........................................................................4-122
Table 4.88 Format of reservation descriptors....................................................4-123
Table 4.89 Persistent reservations scope...........................................................4-124
Table 4.90 Persistent reservations type codes ...................................................4-125
Table 4.91 PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT service action codes.....................4-128
Table 4.92 PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT parameter list...............................4-129
Table 4.93 PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT service action and valid
parameters .......................................................................................4-130
Table 4.94 REPORT LUNS parameter list........................................................4-132
Table 4.95 REPORT DEVICE IDENTIFIER parameter list.............................4-134
C141-C009 xvii
Contents
Table 4.96 SET DEVICE IDENTIFIER parameter list.................................... 4-136
Table 4.97 Defect list format ............................................................................ 4-148
Table 4.98 FORMAT UNIT command parameter list configuration............... 4-149
Table 4.99 Defect descriptor: byte distance from index format...................... 4-152
Table 4.100 Defect descriptor: physical sector address format....................... 4-153
Table 4.101 FORMAT UNIT command defect processing.............................. 4-155
Table 4.102 REASSIGN BLOCK command: defect data list
configuration................................................................................. 4-158
Table 4.103 Defect data type ............................................................................ 4-161
Table 4.104 Defect data format......................................................................... 4-162
Table 4.105 READ DEFECT DATA command: defect data
configuration................................................................................. 4-162
Table 4.106 Defect data conditions................................................................... 4-164
Table 4.107 READ DEFECT DATA command (B7): defect data
configuration................................................................................. 4-167
Table 4.108 Self-diagnosis test......................................................................... 4-168
Table 4.109 Error recovery control flags during the self-diagnosis test........... 4-169
Table 4.110 SEND DIAGNOSTIC command: parameter list
configuration................................................................................. 4-171
Table 4.111 Page code ...................................................................................... 4-171
Table 4.112 SEND DIAGNOSTIC parameters: page code list....................... 4-172
Table 4.113 SEND DIAGNOSTIC parameters: logical/physical
address conversion........................................................................ 4-173
Table 4.114 Specifying address format ............................................................ 4-173
Table 4.115 SELF-TEST .................................................................................. 4-174
Table 4.116 RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS command:
response data configuration.......................................................... 4-176
Table 4.117 RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS response data:
page code list ................................................................................ 4-177
Table 4.118 RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS response data:
logical/physical address conversion ............................................. 4-178
Table 4.119 Address format.............................................................................. 4-179
Table 4.120 WRITE BUFFER transfer mode................................................... 4-181
Table 4.121 WRITE BUFFER command: buffer data (mode = 000, 001)...... 4-182
Table 4.122 READ BUFFER transfer mode..................................................... 4-186
Table 4.123 READ BUFFER command: buffer data
(mode = 0000, 0001)..................................................................... 4-187
Table 4.124 READ BUFFER command: buffer descriptor.............................. 4-189
Table 4.125 READ BUFFER command: echo buffer descriptor .................... 4-190
Table 5.1 Expanded sense data format.................................................................. 5-2
Table 5.2 Sense key inherent information ............................................................ 5-5
Table 5.3 Sense key............................................................................................... 5-6
Table 5.4 Additional Sense Code and Additional Sense Code Qualifier ............ 5-7
Table 5.5 Sense data error classification............................................................. 5-17
Table 5.6 Error recovery processing procedures ............................................... 5-20
Table 5.7 Disk drive errors and number of retries.............................................. 5-29
xviii C141-C009
CHAPTER 1 SAS Interface
1.1 Topologies in SAS Interface
1.2 Names and identifiers
1.3 Phy layer
1.4 Link layer
1.5 Address frames
1.6 Transport layer
This chapter describes the topology, interface protocol, and operation of the SAS
interface.
C141-C009 1-1
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface
1.1 Topologies in SAS Interface
As shown in Figure 1.1, SAS drives have two connection patterns: point-topoint connection and expander connection.
SAS HBA (INIT)
SAS
Drive
SSP (Serial SCSI Protocol)
SMP
SAS Expander (s)
SAS
Drive
SAS
Drive
SAS HBAs (INIT)
SAS
Drive
SAS
Drive
SATA
Drive
STPSSPSSP
SATA
Drive
Figure 1.1 SAS drive connection patterns
SAS supports the three protocols listed below. Among these protocols, SAS
drives support only SSP.
• Serial SCSI Protocol (SSP)
• Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol (STP)
• Serial Management Protocol (SMP)
1-2 C141-C009
1.1 Topologies in SAS Interface
1.1.1 SAS Layering
As shown in Figure 1.2, for SAS, the following six control layers are defined:
• Physical layer: Electric properties related to cables, connectors,
and signals
• Phy (transceiver) layer: 8B/10B code, OOB, and speed negotiation
• Link layer: Primitives, address frames, and connection control
• Port layer: Wide port control
• Transport layer: Frame control
• Application layer: SCSI commands, mode pages, and log pages
Application layer
Transport layer
Port layer
Link layer
Phy layer
Physical layer
Figure 1.2 SAS control layers
C141-C009 1-3
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface
1.1.2 Physical links and phys
A physical link is a set of four wires used as two differential signal pairs. One
differential signal transmits in one direction while the other differential signal
transmits in the opposite direction. Data may be transmitted in both directions
simultaneously.
A physical phy contains a transceiver which electrically interfaces to a physical
link, which attaches to another physical phy.
Phys are contained in ports. Phys interface to the service delivery subsystem.
Figure 1.3 shows two phys attached with a physical link.
An attached phy is the phy to which a phy is attached over a physical link. A
device may contain one or more phys. Each phy has a phy identifier which is
unique within the device.
Phy
(Transceiver)
Physical link
Differential signal pair
Transmitter
Differential signal pair
Receiver
Figure 1.3 Physical links and phys
1.1.3 Ports (narrow ports and wide ports)
Phy
(Transceiver)
Receiver
Transmitter
A port contains one or more phys. Ports in a device are associated with physical
phys based on the identification sequence. A port is created from a set of physical
phys if one or more physical phys contained within a device:
a) transmit the same SAS address during the identification sequence; and
b) receive the same SAS address during the identification sequence (i.e., the
corresponding attached phy or phys transmit the same SAS address).
1-4 C141-C009
1.1 Topologies in SAS Interface
A wide port is created if there is more than one phy in the port. A narrow port is a
port with only one phy.
A wide link is the set of physical links that attach a wide port to another wide
port. A narrow link is the physical link that attaches a narrow port to another
narrow port.
Figure 1.4 shows examples of narrow ports and wide ports, with a representation
of the SAS address transmitted during the identification sequence. Although
several phys on the left transmit SAS addresses of B, only phys attached to the
same SAS addresses become part of the same ports. The set of phys with SAS
address B attached to the set of phys with SAS address D become one port, while
the set of phys with SAS address B attached to the set of phys with SAS address E
become another port.
Narrow port
SAS address A
Phy Phy
Physical link
SAS address B
Wide port
Phy Phy
Physical link
SAS address B
Phy Phy
Physical link
SAS address B
Wide port
Narrow link
SAS address C
Wide link
SAS address D
SAS address D
Wide link
Narrow port
Wide port
Wide port
Phy Phy
Phy Phy
Figure 1.4 Ports (narrow ports and wide ports)
C141-C009 1-5
Physical link
SAS address B
Physical link
SAS address E
SAS address E
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface
1.1.4 SAS devices
A SAS device contains one or more SAS ports, each containing one or more phys
(i.e., a SAS port may be a narrow port or a wide port).
Each single HDD unit is a separate SAS device. Usually, it is a single port or
dual port device, but does not use a wide port.
Figure 1.5 shows examples of SAS devices with different port and phy
configurations.
SAS Device SAS Device
Wide port
Phy
Phy
Wide port
Phy
Wide port
Phy
Phy
SAS Device
Narrow port
Phy
Narrow port
Phy
1-6 C141-C009
Phy
Figure 1.5 SAS devices
1.1 Topologies in SAS Interface
1.1.5 Pathways
A potential pathway is a set of physical links between a SAS INIT phy and a SAS
TARG phy. When a SAS INIT phy is directly attached to a SAS TARG phy,
there is one potential pathway. When there are expander devices between a SAS
INIT phy and a SAS TARG phy, there are multiple potential pathways, each
consisting of a set of physical links between the SAS INIT phy and the SAS
TARG phy. The physical links may or may not be using the same physical link
rate.
A pathway is a set of physical links between a SAS INIT phy and a SAS TARG
phy being used by a connection.
Figure 1.6 shows examples of potential pathways.
Expander device
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Phy
Physical link Potential
pathway
Figure 1.6 Example of potential pathw ays
A partial pathway is the set of physical links participating in a connection request
that has not reached the destination phy (e.g., the OPEN address frame has been
transmitted by the source phy but the OPEN address frame has not yet reached the
destination phy).
A partial pathway is blocked when path resources it requires are held by another
partial pathway.
C141-C009 1-7
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface
1.1.6 Connections
A connection is a temporary association between a SAS INIT port and a SAS
TARG port. During a connection all dwords from the SAS INIT port are
forwarded to the SAS TARG port, and all dwords from the SAS TARG port are
forwarded to the SAS INIT port.
A connection is pending when an OPEN address frame has been delivered along a
completed pathway to the destination phy but the destination phy has not yet
responded to the connection request. A connection is established when an
OPEN_ACCEPT is returned to the source phy.
A connection enables communication for one protocol: SSP, STP, or SMP. For
SSP and STP, connections may be opened and closed multiple times during the
processing of a command.
The connection rate is the effective rate of dwords through the pathway between a
SAS INIT phy and a SAS TARG phy, established through the connection request.
Every phy shall support a 1,5 Gbps connection rate regardless of its physical link
rate.
One connection may be active on a physical link at a time. If the connection is an
SSP or SMP connection and there are no dwords to transmit associated with that
connection, idle dwords are transmitted.
The number of connections established by a SAS port shall not exceed the
number of SAS phys within the SAS port (i.e., only one connection per SAS phy
is allowed). There shall be a separate connection on each physical link.
If multiple potential pathways exist between the SAS INIT port(s) and the SAS
TARG port(s), multiple connections may be established by a SAS port between
the following:
a) one SAS INIT port to multiple SAS TARG ports;
b) one SAS TARG port to multiple SAS INIT ports; or
c) one SAS INIT port to one SAS TARG port.
Once a connection is established, the pathway used for that connection shall not
be changed (i.e., all the physical links that make up the pathway remain dedicated
to the connection until it is closed).
1-8 C141-C009
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