The SEC2 device driver manages the operation of the SEC 2.0
commonly instantiate d into PowerQUICC pro cessors. It is a fully
functional c omponent, meant to ser ve as an example of a pplication
interaction with the SEC2 core.
The driver is coded i n ANSI C. In it’s design, an attempt ha s been
made to write a devic e driver that is as oper ating system agnostic
as practical. Where necessary, ope rating syste m dependenci es are
identifi e d a n d Section 8, “Por ting ” addresses them.
Testing has been accomplished on VxWorks 5.5 and LinuxPPC
using kernel version 2.4. 27.
Application inter faces to this driver are implement ed through the
ioctl() function cal l. R equests made through this interface can
be broken down into specific compone nts, including
miscellaneous reque sts and process requests. The miscellaneou s
requests are any requests not related to the direct processing of
data by the SEC2 core.
Process requests comprise the majority of the requests and all are
executed usi ng the same
to compose these reque sts are desc ribed in de tail in Section 3.3.6,
Both acronyms indicate the devi ce's functional block that performs the crypto functions requested. For furth er
details on the device see the Hardwa re Refer ence Manual.
The reader should underst and that the design of this driver is a legacy holdover from two prior generations of
security processors. As applications have already been written for those processors, certain aspects of the interface
for this drive r have been designed so as t o maintain source-level a pplication portability with prior driver/ processor
versions. Where relevant in this document, prior-version compatibility features will be indicated to the reader.
Table 1 contains acronyms and abbreviations that are used in this user’s guide.
Table 1. Acronyms and Abbreviations
TermMeaning
AESAAES accelerator—This term is synonymous with AESU in the
documentation.
AFHAARC-4 hardware accelerator—This term is synonymous with AFEU in the
and other documentation.
APADAutopad—The MDHA will automatically pad incomplete message blocks out to 512 bits when APAD
is enabled.
ARC-4Encryption algorithm compatible with the RC-4 algorithm developed by RSA, Inc.
AuthAuthentication
CBCCipher block chaining—An encryption mode commonly used with block ciphers.
CHACrypto hardware accelerator—This term is synonymous with ‘execution unit’ in the
Manual
and other documentation.
CTXContext
DESADES accelerator—This term is synonymous with DEU in the
documentation.
DPDData packet descriptor
ECBElectronic code book—An encryption mode less commonly used with block ciphers.
EUExecution unit
HMACHashed message authentication code
IDGSInitialize digest
MPC18x User’s Manual
MPC18x User’s Manual
MPC18x User’s Manual
and other
MPC18x User’s
and other
IPSecInternet protocol security
ISRInterrupt service routine
KEAKasumi encryption acceleration
MDMessage digest
MDHAMessage digest hardware accelerator—This term is synonymous with MDEU in the
Manual
and other documentation.
OSOperating system
PKPublic key
PKHAPublic key hardware accelerator—This term is synonymous with PKEU in the
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MPC18x User’s
MPC18x User’s
Device Driver Components
Table 1. Acronyms and Abbreviations (continued)
TermMeaning
RDKRestore decrypt key—An AESA option to re-use an existing expanded AES decryption key.
RNGARandom number generator accelerator
SDESSingle DES
TEATransfer error acknowledge
TDESTriple DES
VxWorksOperating systems provided by VxWorks Company.
2Device Driver Components
This section is provided to help users understand the internal struct ure of the dev ice driver.
2.1Device Driver Structure
Internally, the driver is structured in four basic components:
•Driver Initialization and Setup
•Application Request Processing
•Interrupt Service Routine
•Defe rred Service Ro ut ine
While executing a request , the driver runs in system/kernel state for all components with the exception of the ISR,
which runs in the operating syst em's standard interrupt processi ng context.
End-User Application
Prepare Request
(Non-Blocking)
ioctl ( )
Callback Function
ProcessingComplete Task
Sleeps on Queue
Completes the User Request
Execute Callback Function
If no callback function is defined, no callback takes place.
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Device Driver Components
2.1.1Driver Initialization Routine
The driver initializ ation routine includes both OS-specif ic and hardware-specific initi alization. The steps taken by
the driver initialization routine are as follows:
•Finds the security engine core and sets the device memory map starting address in
•Initialize the security engin e's registers
— Controller regis ters
— Channel registers
—EU registers
•Initializes driver internal variables
•Initializes the channel assign ment table
— The device driver will maintain this structure with state informat ion for each channel and user request.
A mutual-exclusion semaph ore protects this structure so multipl e tasks are prevented from interfering
with e ach ot her.
•Initializes the internal reque st queue
— This queue holds requests to be dispatche d when channels becom e availa ble. The queue can hold up to
24 requests. The driver will reject requests with an error when the queue is full.
ProcessingComplete() is spawned then pends on the IsrMsgQId which se rve s as th e inter face betwe en
•
the interrupt service routine and this deferred task.
IOBaseAddress.
2.1.2Request Dispatch Routine
The request dispatch routine provides the ioctl() interface to the device driver. It uses the callers request code to
identify which function is to e xecute and dispatches the appropriat e handler to process the request. The driver
performs a number of tasks that include tracking requests, queuing requests when the requested channel is
unavailable, preparing data packet descriptors, and writing said descriptor's address to the appropriate channel; in
effect giving the security engine the direction to begin processing the request. The ioctl() f unction returns to the
end-user application without waiting for the security engine to complete, assuming that once a DPD (data packet
descriptor) is init iated for processi ng by the hardware, int errupt service may invok e a handler to provide completion
notification
2.1.3Process Request Routine
The process req uest routine t ranslates t he reque st into a seque nce of o ne or mor e data pac ket desc riptor s (DPD) and
feeds it to the security engi ne cor e to initiate processing. If no channels are availa ble to handle the request, the
request is queued.
2.1.4Interrupt Service Routine
When processing is completed by the security eng ine, an interrupt is generated. The interr upt service routine handles
the interrupt and queues the result of the operation in the
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IsrMsgQId queue for deferred processing by the
User Interface
2.1.5Deferred Service Routine
The ProcessingComplete() routine completes the requ est outside of the interrupt servi ce routine, and r uns in a
non-ISR context. This routine depends on the IsrMsgQId queue and processes messages written to the queue by
the interrupt servi ce routine. This function will determine which reque st is complete, and notify the calling task
using any handler specified by that calling task. It will then check the remaining content of the process request
queue, and schedule any queued requests.
3User Interface
3.1Application Interface
In order to make a request of the SEC2 devic e, the calling appl ication populates a request structur e with information
describing the request. These structures are described in Section 4, “Individual Request Type Descriptions,” and
include items such as operation ID, channel, callback routines (succe ss and error), and data.
Once the requ est is prep ar ed , the appli cat io n calls
system call used by operating system I/O subsystems to implement special-purpo se func tions. It typically follows
the format:
int ioctl(int fd, /* file descriptor */
int function, /* function code */
int arg /* arbitrary argument (driver dependent) */
The function code (second ar gument) is defined as the I/O control code. This code will specify the driver-specif ic
operation to be performed by the device in question. The third argument is the pointer to the SEC2 user request
structure which contains information needed by the driver to perform the function requested.
The following is a list of guideline s to be followed by the end-user application when preparing a request structure:
•The first member of every request structure is an operation ID (opID). The operation ID is used by the
device driver to determine the format of the request structure.
•While all requests have a “channel” member, it's presence is a holdover from earlier variations of the
security engine. For SEC2, it no longer has a valid use, and is retained solely to maintaining request
compatibility for ap plications written for older security engines.
•All process request st ructure s have a status member. This value is f illed i n by the devic e drive r when the
interrupt for t he opera tion occurs and it refle cts the statu s of the ope rati on as indi cated by t he inte rrupt. The
valid values for this sta tus member are DONE (normal status) or ERROR (error status).
•All process request stru ctures have two not ify members, notify and notify_on_error. These notify
members can be used by the device driver to notify the application when its request has been completed.
They may be the same function, or diff erent, as required by the caller's operational requirements.
•All process request structures have a
process requests tog ether.
•It is the application's choice to use a notifier function or to poll the status member.
ioctl() with the prepared request. This function is a standard
next request member. This allows the application to chain multiple
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User Interface
3.2Error Handling
Due to the asynchronous nature of the device/driver, there are two primary sources of errors:
•Syntax or logic. These are returned in the
status member of the 'user request' argument and as a return
code from ioctl function. Errors of this type are detected by the driver, not by hardware.
•Prot oco l /p roced u re . The s e errors are ret urn ed on ly in the
status member of the user request argument.
Errors of this type are detected by hardware in the course of their execution.
Consequently, the end-user application needs two levels of error checking, the first one after the return from the
ioctl function, and the second one after the comple tion of the request. The second level is possible only if the
request was done with at least the
notify_on_error member of the user request structure. If the
notification/callback function has not been requested, this level of error will be lost.
A code example of the two levels of errors are as follows, using an AES request as an example:
AESA_CRYPT_REQ aesdynReq;
..
aesdynReq.opId = DPD_AESA_CBC_ENCRYPT_CRYPT;
aesdynReq.channel = 0;
aesdynReq.notify = (void *) notifAes;
aesdynReq.notify_on_error = (void *) notifAes;
aesdynReq.status = 0;
aesdynReq.inIvBytes = 16;
aesdynReq.inIvData = iv_in;
aesdynReq.keyBytes = 32;
aesdynReq.keyData = AesKey;
aesdynReq.inBytes = packet_length;
aesdynReq.inData = aesData;
aesdynReq.outData = aesResult;
aesdynReq.outIvBytes = 16;
aesdynReq.outIvData = iv_out;
aesdynReq.nextReq = 0;
status = Ioctl(device, IOCTL_PROC_REQ, &aesdynReq);
if (status != 0) {
printf ("Syntax-Logic Error in dynamic descriptor 0x%x\n", status); .
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User Interface
/* in callback function notifAes */
if (aesdynReq.status != 0) {
printf ("Error detected by HW 0x%x\n", aesdynReq.status) ;
.
.
}
3.3Global Definitions
3.3.1I/O Control Codes
The I/O control code is the second argument in the ioctl function. Definitions of these control codes are defined
in
Sec2.h.
Internally, these values are used in conjunction with a ba se index to cre ate the I /O control c odes. The macro f or this
base index is defined by
SEC2_IOCTL_INDEX and has a value of 0x0800.
Table 2. Second and Third Arguments in the ioctl Function
I/O Control Code (Second
Argument in
SEC2_PROC_REQPointer to user's request structure
SEC2_GET_STATUSPointer to a
SEC2_MALLOCPointer to be assigned to a block of kernel memory for holding
SEC2_FREEPointer to free a block originally allocated by
SEC2_COPYFROMPointer to type
SEC2_COPYTOPointer to type
ioctl Function) Third Argument in ioctl Function
STATUS_REQ
caller data to be operated upon
MALLOC_REQ, which will hold information
about a user buffer that will be copied from user memory space
to kernel memory space allocated by
MALLOC_REQ, which will hold information
about a user buffer that will be copied from kernel memory
space allocated by
SEC2_MALLOC back to a user's buffer.
SEC2_MALLOC
SEC2_MALLOC
3.3.2Channel Definitions
The NUM_CHANNELS definition is used to specify the number of channels implemented in the SEC2 device. If not
specified, it will be set to a value of 4 as a default.
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User Interface
Table 3. Channel Defines
DefineDescription
NUM_AFHASNumber of ARC4 CHAs
NUM_DESASNumber of DES CHAs
NUM_MDHASNumber of MD CHAs
NUM_RNGASNumber of RNG CHAs
NUM_PKHASNumber of PK CHAs
NUM_AESASNumber of AESA CHAs
The NUM_CHAS defini tion conta ins the tot al number of crypt o hardware acc elerator s (CHAs) in SEC2 and is si mply
defined as the sum of the individual channels.
The device name is defined as
/dev/sec2.
3.3.3Operation ID (opId) Masks
Operation Ids can be broken down into two parts, the group or type of request and the request index or descriptor
within a group or type. This is provided to he lp unders tand the structur ing of the opIds . It is not speci fically needed
within a user applicati on.
Table 4. Request Operation ID Mask
Define Description Value
DESC_TYPE_MASKThe mask for the group or type of an opId 0xFF00
DESC_NUM_MASKThe mask for the request index or descriptor within that group or type 0x00FF
3.3.4Return Codes
A complete list of the error status results that may be returned to the callback routine s follows:
Table 5. Callback Error Status Return Code
Define Description Value
SEC2_SUCCESSSuccessful completion of request 0
SEC2_MEMORY_ALLOCATIONDriver can’t obtain memory from the host operating
system
0xE004FFFF
SEC2_INVALID_CHANNELChannel specification was out of range. This exists for
legacy compatibility, and has no relevance for SEC2
SEC2_INVALID_CHA_TYPERequested CHA doesn’t exist0xE004FFFD
SEC2_INVALID_OPERATION_IDRequested opID is out of range for this request type 0xE004FFFC
SEC2_CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLERequested channel was not available. This error
exists for legacy compatibility reasons, and has no
relevance for SEC2
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User Interface
Table 5. Callback Error Status Return Code (continued)
Define Description Value
SEC2_CANCELLED_REQUESTError due to canceled request -1010
SEC2_INVALID_ADDRESSError due to a NULL request -1011
3.3.5 Miscellaneous Request Structures
3.3.5.1 STATUS_REQ Structure
Used to indicate the internal state of the SEC2 core as well as the driver after the occurrence of an event. Returned
as a pointer by GetStatus() and embedded in all requests. This structure is defined in Sec2Notify.h
Each element is a copy of the contents of the same register in the
SEC2 driver. This structure is also known as
SEC2_STATUS through a typedef.
unsigned long ChaAssignmentStatusRegister[2];
unsigned long InterruptControlRegister[2];
unsigned long InterruptStatusRegister[2];
unsigned long IdRegister;
unsigned long ChannelStatusRegister[NUM_CHANNELS][2];
unsigned long ChannelConfigurationRegister[NUM_CHANNELS][2];
unsigned long CHAInterruptStatusRegister[NUM_CHAS][2];
unsigned long QueueEntryDepth;
unsigned long FreeChannels;
unsigned long FreeAfhas;
unsigned long FreeDesas;
unsigned long FreeMdhas;
unsigned long FreePkhas;
unsigned long FreeAesas;
unsigned long FreeKeas;
unsigned long BlockSize;
3.3.5.2 SEC2_NOTIFY_ON_ERROR_CTX Structure
Structure returned to the notify_on_error callback routine that was setup in the initial process request. This
structure contains the original request structure as well as an error and driver status.
unsigned long errorcode; // Error that the request generated
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User Interface
notify_on_errorpointer to the notify on error routine that will be called when the request has completed
unsuccessfully. May instead be a process ID if a user-state signal handler will flag
completion. Refer back to
ctxNotifyOnErrcontext area that is filled in by the driver when there is an error.
statuswill contain the returned status of request.
nextReqpointer to next request which allows for multiple request to be linked together and sent
via a single
ioctl function call.
notifyFlags for more info.
The additional data in the process request structures is specific to each request; refer to the specific structure for this
information.
3.3.7Scatter-Gather Buffer Management
A unique feature of the SEC 2.0 processor is the hardware's abilit y to read and act on a scatter- gather descripti on list
for a data buffer. This allows the hardwa re to more efficiently deal with buffers located in memory belonging to a
non-privilege d process; memory which may not be contiguous, bu t instead may be at scatt ered locations de termined
by the memory management scheme of the host system. Any data buffer in any request may be “marked” as a
scattered m emory buffer by the reque sto r as ne ed ed.
For the requestor to do so, two actions must be take n:
•A linked list of structur es of type
EXT_SCATTER_ELEMENT, one per memory f ragment, must be c onstructed
to describe the whole of the buffer's content.
•The buffer pointer shall refer ence the head of this list, not the data itself. The buf fers containing scatter
references shall be ma rked in the request's
scatterBufs element. Which bits get marked shall be
determined by a helper function that understands the mapping used on an individual reque st basis.
3.3.7.1 Building the Local Scatter/Gather List with EXT_SCATTER_ELEMENT
Since individual oper ating systems shall have their own internal means def ining memory mapping constructs, the
driver cannot be designe d with specific knowledge of one particular mapping method. Therefore, a generic memory
fragment definition structure, EXT_SCATTER_ELEMENT is defined for this purpose .
EXT_SCATTER_ELEMENT describes one con tiguous fragment of user memory, and is designed so that multiple
Each
fragments can be tied together into a single linked list. It contains these elem ents:
void *next;pointer to next fragment in list, NULL if at end of list.
void *fragment;pointer to contiguous data fragment.
unsigned short size;size of this fragment in bytes.
With this, the caller must construct the lis t of all the fragments neede d to describe the buf fer ,
of the list, and pass the head as the buff er pointer argument. This li st must rema in intact until completion of the
request.
NULL terminate the end
3.3.7.2 Scatter Buffer Marking
For reasons o f legacy compatibilit y , the structur e of all driver r equest type s maintains the same size and form as prior
versions, with a minor change in that a size-compatible scatterBufs element was added as a modification to the
channel element in other versions. This allows the caller a means of indicating which buffers in the request are
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User Interface
scatter -composed, as opposed to direct, contiguous memory (for instance, key data could be in contiguous system
memory, while ciphertext data will be in fragm ented user memory).
A problem with marking buff ers using this method is that there is no means for the caller to clearly identify which
scatterBufs matches any given pointer in the request, sinc e the data description portion of dif ferent requests
bit in
cannot be consistent or of any particular order.
A helper function,
MarkScatterBuffer(), is therefore made available by the driver to make the bit/pointer
association logi c in the driv er ac ces sibl e to th e cal ler. It's form is:
MarkScatterBuffer(void *request, void *buffer);
where request points to the request block being built (the opId element must be set prior to call), and buffer
points to the element within the request which references a scattered buffer. It will then mark the necessary bit in
scatterBufs that defines this buffer for this specific request type.
3.3.7.3 Direct Scatter-Gather Usage Example
In order to make this usage clear, an example is presented. Assume that a triple DES encryption operation is to be
constructed, where the input and output buffers are loca ted in fragmented user memory, and the cipher keys and IV
are contained in system memory. A DES_LOADCTX_CRYPT_REQ is zer o-allocated as encReq, and constructed:
/* set up encryption operation */
encReq.opId = DPD_TDES_CBC_CTX_ENCRYPT;
encReq.notify = notifier;
encReq.notify_on_error = notifier;
encReq.inIvBytes = 8;
encReq.keyBytes = 24;
encReq.inBytes = bufsize;
encReq.inIvData = iv;
encReq.keyData = cipherKey;
encReq.inData = (unsigned char *)input; /* this buffer is scattered */
encReq.outIvBytes = 8;
encReq.outIvData = ctx;
encReq.outData = (unsigned char *)output; /* this buffer is scattered */
MarkScatterBuffer(&encReq, &encReq.input);
MarkScatterBuffer(&encReq, &encReq.output);
Upon completion of the two mark calls, encReq.scatterBufs will have two bits set within it that the driver
knows how to interpret as meaning that the inte nded buffers have scatter lists de fined for them, and will process
them accordingly as the DPD is built for the hardware .
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Individual Request Type Descriptions
4Individual Request Type Descriptions
4.1Random Number Requests
4.1.1 RNG_REQ
COMMON_REQ_PREAMBLE
unsigned long rngBytes;
unsigned char* rngData;
NUM_RNGA_DESC defines the number of descriptor s within the DPD_RNG_GROUP that use this request.
DPD_RNG_GROUP (0x1000) defines the group for all descr iptors within this request.
Table 6. RNG_REQ Valid Descriptor (opId)
Descriptor Value Function Description
DPD_RNG_GETRN 0x1000 Generate a series of random values
NUM_DES_DESC defines the number of descriptor s within the DPD_DES_ECB_GROUP that use this request.
DPD_DES_ECB_GROUP (0x2600) defines the group for all descriptors within this request.
Table 8. DES_CRYPT_REQ Valid Descriptors (opId)
Descriptors Value Function Description
DPD_SDES_ECB_ENCRYPT 0x2600 Encrypt data in single DES using ECB mode
DPD_SDES_ECB_DECRYPT0x2601 Decrypt data in single DES using ECB mode
DPD_TDES_ECB_ENCRYPT0x2602 Encrypt data in triple DES using ECB mode
DPD_TDES_ECB_DECRYPT0x2603 Decrypt data in triple DES using ECB mode
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0x7517 Process an inbound IPSec encapsulated system
payload packet using triple DES in ECB mode, and
SHA256 with auto padding
4.10 802.11 Protocol Requests
4.10.1 CCMP_REQ
COMMON_REQ_PREAMBLE
unsigned long keyBytes;
unsigned char *keyData;
unsigned long ctxBytes;
unsigned char *context;
unsigned long FrameDataBytes;
unsigned char *FrameData;
unsigned long AADBytes;
unsigned char *AADData;
unsigned long cryptDataBytes;
unsigned char *cryptDataOut;
Individual Request Type Descriptions
unsigned long MICBytes;
unsigned char *MICData;
NUM_CCMP_DESC defines the number of descriptor s within the DPD_CCMP_GROUP that use this request.
DPD_CCMP_GROUP (0x6500) defines the group for all descriptors within this request.
Table 29 . CCMP_REQ Valid Descriptors (opId)
Descriptors Value Function Description
DPD_802_11_CCMP_OUTBOUND0x6500 Process an outbound CCMP packet
DPD_802_11_CCMP_INBOUND0x8101 Process an inbound CCMP packet
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Sample Code
unsigned long ivBytes;
unsigned char *ivData;
unsigned long HeaderBytes;
unsigned long inBytes;
unsigned char *inData;
unsigned long ROCBytes;
unsigned long cryptDataBytes;
unsigned char *cryptDataOut;
unsigned long digestBytes;
unsigned char *digestData;
unsigned long outIvBytes;
unsigned char *outIvData;
NUM_SRTP_DESC defines the number of descriptor s within the DPD_SRTP_GROUP that use this request.
DPD_SRTP_GROUP (0x8500) defines the group for all descriptors within this request.
Table 30 . SRTP_REQ Valid Descriptors (opId)
Descriptors Value Function Description
DPD_SRTP_OUTBOUND0x8500 Process an outbound SRTP packet
DPD_SRTP_INBOUND0x8501 Process an inbound SRTP packet
5Sample Code
The following sections provide sample codes for DES and IPSec.
5.1DES Sample
/* define the User Structure */
DES_LOADCTX_CRYPT_REQ desencReq;
...
/* fill the User Request structure with appropriate pointers */
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Linux Environment
6Linux Environment
This section describe s the driver's adaptation to and interaction with the Linux operating system as applied to PPC
processors
6.1Installation
6.1.1Driver Source
The SEC2 driver ins talls into Linux as a loadable module. To build the drive r as a module, it must be installed into
the kernel s ource tree to b e include d in the ker nel build proc ess. The makefil e include d with the di stribution as sumes
this inclusion. As delivered, this directory is define d as
Once the driver source is i nstalled, and the kerne l sourc e (and modules) a re buil t, module d ependency lis ts up dated,
and the built objects are installed in the target filesystem, the driver, (named
needed.
6.1.2 Device Inode
Kernel process es may cal l the dr iver' s func tionali ty di rectly. On the other hand, user proc esses mus t use th e kerne l's
I/O interface to m ake driver requests. The only way for user processes to do t his it to open the device as a fi le with
the open() system call to get a file descriptor , and t hen make reque sts through ioctl(). Thus the system will need
a device file created to assign a name to the device.
[kernelroot]/drivers/sec2.
sec2drv.o) is rea dy for loa din g when
The driver functions as a
number will be assigned dynamically , and that the minor number will always be zero, since only one instance of the
driver is supported.
Creation of the devic e's naming i node may be done manual ly in a de velopment sett ing, or may be driven by a scr ipt
that runs after the driver module loa ds, and before any user attempts to open a path to the driver. Assuming the
module loaded with a dynamically assigned major number of 254 (look for
shell command to accomplish this would normally appear as:
$ mknod c 254 0 /dev/sec2
Once this is done, user tasks can make requests to the driver under the device name /dev/sec2.
char device in the target system. As shipped, the driver assumes that the device major
sec2 in /proc/devices), then the
6.2Operation
6.2.1Driver Operation in Kernel Mode
Operation of th e SEC2 device under kernel mode is relatively straightforward. Once the driver module has loaded,
which will initialize the device, direct calls to the
the first two arguments may effectively be ignored.
In kernel mode, r equest completi on may be handled t hrough the st andard use of not ification c allbacks in the request.
The example s uite av ail ab le w ith the dri ver sho w s how this may be acco m p lish ed ; this s uite u se s a mutex tha t the
callback will relea se in order to allow the request to complete, although the cal ler may make use of any other type
of event mechanism that suits their preference.
ioctl() entry (named SEC2_ioctl in the driver) can be made,
Logical to physical memory space tr an slation is handled internal to the driver.
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VxWorks Environment
6.2.2Driver Operation in User Mode
Operation of the SEC2 device in user mode is slightly more complex than in kernel mode. In particular , the transitio n
from user to kerne l me mo r y sp ace creates two comp l icat i on s for use r mo de operation:
1. User memory buffers can't be passed directly to the driver; instead, in this driver edition, the user must
allocate and place data in kernel memory buffer for operation. This can be accomplished via
SEC2_FREE, SEC2_COPYFROM, and SEC2_COPYTO requests (see Section 3.3.1, “I/O Control Codes” for
more information).
Note: extreme ca ution must be exer cised by the user in transf errin g memory in this fashi on; ke rnel memory
space may easily be corrupted by the caller, causing target system instability.
2. Standard notif ication callbacks cannot work, sinc e the routines to perform the callback are in user memory
space, and cannot safely execute from kernel mode. In their place, standard POSIX signals can be used to
indicate I/O completion by pla cing the process ID of the user task in the notification members of the
request, and flagging
indicate normal request completions, and SIGUSR2 to indicate error comp l eti ons .
The example s uite av ail ab le w ith the dri ver ill u stra tes the co ntra s t betw een the two different app lica tio n
environments. Within the
operations. Building the example testing applicati on with __KERNEL__ on (building a kernel mode test) shows the
installation and usage of standard completion callbacks and a mutex used for interlock. Conversely, building the
example test in g appl ic ation w ith
setup.
NOTIFY_IS_PID in the notifyFlags member. The driver uses SIGUSR1 to
testAll.c file, there is a set of functions that shows the difference between the two
USERMODE turned on shows the installation of signal handlers and their proper
SEC2_MALLOC,
USERMODE, this example also shows one possi ble means for handling the user to ker nel memory transitio n via the
In
use of three functions for transferring user buffers to and fr om kernel memory.
6.2.3Driver Module License Macro
A common necessity of loadab le modul es for Li nux is the inclus ion of a li cense macr o (MODULE_LICENSE) that
declares a string defining the type of license terms under which the module's code has been published. In the case
of the SEC2 driver module, this code is delivered in sour ce form under the terms of a restricte d license agreement.
Therefore, this macro has been passed a name of “Freescale Restricted” to acknowledge the existence of this
agreement.
When loading the dr iver object, the e xistence of a non-GPL, non-BSD license string will cause a warning message
to be printed to the console, stating that loading a module with a proprietary license will “taint” the kernel. This
message is normal, expected, and will not cause any adverse operation of your running system.
7VxWorks Environment
The following sections describe the installation of the SEC2 security processor software drivers, BSP integration,
and distribution archives.
7.1Installation
T o install the software drivers, extract the archive containing the dr iver source files into a suitable installa tion
directory. If you want the driver and tests to be part of a standard VxWor ks source tree, place them in:
40PRELIMINARY—SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICEFreescale Semiconductor
Driver:$(WIND_BASE)/target/src/drv/crypto
Porting
Tes ts :
$(WIND_BASE)/target/src/drv/crypto/test
Once the modules are installed, the driver image may be built per the following instructions.
7.2Building the Interface Modules
Throughout the remainder of the installation instructions, the variables provided below are used:
Table 31. VxWorks Interface Module Variables
VariableDefinition
CpuFamilySpecifies the target CPU family, such as PPC85XX
ToolChainSpecifies the tools, such as
SecurityProcessorSpecifies the target security processor, should be
The followi ng ste ps are used to buil d driv er s and / or the dr ive r test and exercise code:
1. Go to the command prompt or shell
2. Execute
torVars to set up the T ornado command line build environment.
3. Run make in the driver or test installation directory by use of the following command:
make CPU=cpuFamily TOOL=toolChain SP=securityProcessor
example: make CPU=PPC85XX TOOL=gnu SP=SEC2)
gnu
SEC2 for this driver
7.3BSP Integration
Once the modul es are bu ilt, t hey shoul d be l inked di rectly with the u ser' s board suppor t pa ckage, to becom e inte gral
part of the board image.
In VxWorks, the file
sysLib.c contains the initialization functions, the memory/address space functions, and the
bus interrupt functions. It is recommended to call the function SEC2DriverInit directly from sysLib.c.
In the process of initialization, the driver calls a specialized function name
sysGetPeripheralBase(), which
returns a pointer to the base locati on of the peripheral device block in the processor (often defined by the CCSBAR
register in some PowerQUICC I II proc essors) . The driv er uses t his a ddress a nd an of f set to l ocate the SEC2 core on
the system bus. This i s not a sta ndard BSP func tion, the int egrator will need to provi de i t, or a subst itute metho d for
locating CCSBAR.
The security processor will be initialized at board start-up, with all the other devices present on the board.
8Porting
This section describe s probable areas of developer concern with respect to porting the driver to other operating
systems or environments.
At this time, this driver has been ported to function on both VxWorks and Linux operating systems. Most of the
internal functiona lity is independent of the construct s of a specific operating system, but there necessar ily are
interface boundaries between them where things must be addressed.
Freescale SemiconductorPRELIMINARY—SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE41
Porting
Only a few of the files in the driver's source distribution contain specific dependencies on operating system
compone nts; this is inten t io nal . Thos e s peci fic fi le s are:
Sec2Driver.h
•
sec2_init.c
•
sec2_io.c
•
8.1Header Files
Sec2Driver.h
This header file is meant to be loc al (private ) to the driver it self, a nd as such, is r esponsi ble for inc luding a ll needed
operating syste m head er files , and cas ts a seri es of m acro s fo r spec if ic sys te m call s
Of particular interest, this header casts local equivalents macros for:
malloc Allocate a block of system memory with the operating system's heap allocation mechanism.
free Return a block of memory to the system heap
semGive Release a mutex semaphore
semTake Capture and hold a mutex semaphore
__vpa Translate a logical address to a physical address for hardware DMA (if both are equivalent, does nothing).
8.2C Source Files
sec2_init.c performs the basic initi alization of the device and the driver. It is responsible for fi nding the base
address of the hardware and savi ng it in IOBaseAddress for later reference.
For Linux, this file also contains references to register/unregister the driver as a kernel module, and to manage it's
usage/link count.
sec2_io.c contains functions to establish:
•Channel interlock semaphores (
•The ISR message queue (
•Driver service function registration with the operating system (
•ISR connection/disconnectio n (
IOInitSemaphores)
IOInitQs)
IORegisterDriver)
IOConnectInterrupt)
8.3Interrupt Service Routine
The ISR will queue proc essing completion r esult messages ont o the IsrMsgQId queue. ProcessingComplete()
pends on this messa ge queue. When a message is receiv ed, the compl etion task will e xecute the a ppropriate callback
routine based on the result of the processing. When the end-user application prep ares the request to be executed,
callback functions can be defined for nominal processing as well as error case processing. If the callback function
was set to
executed as part of the device driver so any constraints placed on the device driver will also be placed on the callback
routines.
NULL when the request was prepared then no callback function will be executed. These routines will be
42PRELIMINARY—SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICEFreescale Semiconductor
Porting
8.4Conditional Compilation
See the makefile for specifics on the default build of the driver
8.5Debug Messaging
The driver include s a DBG define that allows for debug messa ge output to the developer's console. If defined in the
driver build, debug messages will be sent from various components in the driver to the console.
Messages come from various sections of the driver, and a bitmask is kept in a driver global variable so that the
developer can tu rn message s ources on or off as required. This gl obal is na med
ORed combination of any of the following bits:
DBGTXT_SETRQ Messages from request setup operations (new requests inbound from the application).
DBGTXT_SVCRQ Messages from servicing device responses (ISR/deferred service routine handlers)
outbound to the application.
DBGTXT_INITDEV Messages from the device/driver initialization process.
DBGTXT_DPDSHOW Shows the content of a constructed DPD before it is handed to the security core.
DBGTXT_INFO Shows a short banner at device initialization describing the driver and hardware version.
In normal driver operation (not in a development setting), the DBG definition should be left undefined for best
performance.
SEC2DebugLevel, and contains an
8.6Distribution Archive
For this release, the dist ributio n archive consists of the source files listed in thi s section. Note tha t the user may wish
to reorganize header file locations consistent with the file location conventions appropriate for their system
configuration.
HeaderDescription
Sec2.h Primary public header file for all users of the driver
Sec2Driver.h Driver/Hardware interfaces, private to the driver itself
Sec2Descriptors.h DPD type definitions
Sec2Notify.h Structures for ISR/main thread communication
sec2_dpd_Table.h DPD construction constants
sec2_cha.c CHA mapping and management
sec2_dpd.c DPD construction functionality
sec2_init.c Device/driver initialization code
sec2_io.c Basic register I/O primitives
sec2_ioctl.c Operating system interfaces
sec2_request.c Request/response management
sec2_sctrMap.c Scatter buffer identification and mapping
sec2isr.c Interrupt service routine
Freescale SemiconductorPRELIMINARY—SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE43
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