Fortinet Fortiap 221E, Fortiap 223E User Manual

FortiAP 221E, 223E

QuickStart Guide

8/28/2018

FortiAP 221E, 223EQuickStart Guide ( Gen 2)

Copyright© 2018 Fortinet, Inc. All r ights reserved. Fortinet®, FortiGate®,

FortiCare® and FortiGuard®, and certain other marks are r egistered trademarks of Fortinet, Inc., in the

U.S. and other jurisdictions, and other Fortinetnames hereinmay also be registeredand/or common law

trademarks of Fortinet. All other product or company names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Performance and other metrics containedherein were attained in internal lab tests under ideal conditions,

and actual performanceand other results may vary. N etwork variables, different network environments and

other conditions may affect performanceresults. Nothingherein represents any binding commitment by

Fortinet, and Fortinet disclaims all warranties,whether express or i mplied, except to the extent F ortinet

enters a bindingw ritten contract, signed by Fortinet’s General Counsel, with a purchaser that expressly

warrants that the identified product will perform according to certain expressly-identified performance

metrics and, in such event, only the specific performance metrics expressly i dentified in such binding

written contract shall be binding on Fortinet. For absolute clarity, any such warr anty will be lim ited to

performance in the same ideal conditions as in Fortinet’s internal lab tests. In no event does F ortinet make

any commitment r elated to future deliverables, features, or development, and circumstances may change

such that any forward-looking statements herein are not accurate. Fortinet disclaims i n full any covenants,

representations,andguarantees pursuant hereto, whether express or im plied. Fortinet reserves the right to

change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication withoutnotice, and the most current version of

thepublication shall be applicable.

Box Includes

or

FortiAP Device QuickStart Guide

Wall Mounting Har dware and Screw Set 4x Antennas

3

Before YouBegin

Write down details typically provided by your network administrator or ISP.

Static IPaddress

IPaddress ___________________

Subnet Mask ___________________

Default Gateway ___________________

Primary/Secondary DNS ___________________

DHCP

It is normal to not require a hostname, but your ISP might require it.

Hostname ___________________

QuickStart Guide Video

https://video.fortinet.com/video/177/

fortigate-and-fortiap

4

FortiAP 221E - Device Front

5

FortiAP 223E - Device Front

6

FortiAP 221E - Device Rear

LAN/PoE

Power connection
for optional power
adapter.
12V DC,
center positive.

LAN/PoE

Power connection
for optional power
adapter.
12V DC,
center positive.

2.4 GHz

Antenna

5.0 GHz

Antenna

2.4 GHz
Antenna

5.0 GHz
Antenna

FortiAP 223E - Device Rear

7

Installation

8

The unit can be mounted on a wall or ceiling using the mounting hardware
provided.

The electrical wall box must be pre-installed.

9

 Basic Connection

WAN/POE

Network Core/FortiGate

Connect the FortiAP device to a FortiGate controller or an Internet connection.

Ensure that the Power over Ethernet (PoE) cable is connected to an applicable
port on your FortiGate device or PoE injector.

Caution: Adequate grounding must be provided to the FortiAP unit and the

PoE injector, in compliance with your local electrical code or regulations.

Warning: This device complies with IEEE 802.3af PoE specification. Do not

use any PoE injectors that are not IEEE 802.3af compliant as they may
damage your device.

10

FortiAPSetup

Deployment through a FortiGate

Ensure that you are running the Fortinet recommended version of software.
Please check support.fortinet.com for more information.

If FortiGate is on the same network as the FortiAP:

1. Use FortiGate to preauthorize the FortiAP device.

2. Refer to the “Access Point Deployment” section of the FortiWiFiand FortiAP

Configuration Guide found at http://forti.net/ap-docs.

3. Plug the FortiAP into your local Ethernet connection. The FortiAP will self­configure.

Or

1. Instead of preauthorizing, you can use the FortiGate to authorize the
FortiAP device after you have connected the FortiAP to the network.

2. Within two minutes of connecting the FortiAP to the FortiGate, the device
appears on the Managed FortiAP page in the Web-based Manager:
authorize and assign a profile to the device.

11

If FortiGate is not on the same network as the FortiAP:

1. Log into FortiAP directly (IP address: 192.168.1.2) with username admin
and no password, and specify the IP address of the controlling FortiGate.

2. Connect to FortiAP via the CLI using the instructions in the “Connecting to
FortiAP CLI” section of the FortiWiFi and FortiAPConfiguration guide.

3. Specify the IP address of the controlling FortiGate:

cfg -a AC_IPADDR_1=0.0.0.0
cfg -c

where 0.0.0.0 is the address of the FortiGate.

4. The FortiAP device connects to FortiGate, and then you can authorize the
FortiAP.

12

Cautions and Warnings

Environmental specifications

Ambient operating temperature: 0°C–40°C

Refer to specific Product Model Data Sheet for EnvironmentalSpecifications (Operating Temperature,
Storage Temperature, Humidity, and Altitude).

Référez à la Fiche Technique de ce produit pourles caractéristiques environnementales (Température
de fonctionnement, températurede stockage, humidité et l'altitude).

Safety

Battery – Risk of explosion if the battery is replaced by an incorrect type. Do not dispose of batteries in a
fire. They may explode. Dispose of used batteries according to your local regulations. IMPORTANT:
Switzerland: Annex 4.10 of SR814.013applies to batteries.

Batterie – Risque d'explosion si la batterie est remplacée par un type incorrect. Ne jetez pas les batteries
au feu. Ils peuvent exploser. Jetez les piles usagées conformément aux réglementations locales.
IMPORTANT: Suisse: l'annexe 4.10 de SR814.013s’appliquent aux batteries.

警告

本電 池如果 更 換不正 確 會有爆 炸 的危 險

請依 製造商 說 明書處 理 用過之 電 池

Caution: This equipment is to be used in a Network Environment 0 per IECTR 62101. This product is
connected only to PoE networks without routingto the outside plant.

Attention: Ce matériel doit être utilisé dans un Environnement Réseau 0 par IECTR 62101. Ce produit
est uniquement connecté aux réseaux PoE sans installation externe de routage.

This product is intended to be supplied by a Listed Direct Plug-In Power Unit marked LPS or Class 2 and
rated 12 Vdc, 2A or by 54 Vdc from PoE source.

Le produit doit être alimenté par un bloc d'alimentation à courant continu homologué UL de 12 Vdc, 2A
nominalmarqué LPS ou Class 2 ou par une source d’alimentation par Ethernet de 54 Vdc (PoE).

13

Regulatory Notices

Federal Communication Commission (FCC) – USA

This device complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received; includinginterference that may cause undesired
operation.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of t he FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonableprotection
against harmful interference in residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radiofrequency energy, and if it is not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, it
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determinedby turningthe equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference
by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

WARNING: Any changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible
for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment

This equipment complies with FCC radiationexposure limits set forth for an uncontrolledenvironment.
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and
your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antennaor
transmitter.

Caution: Operationof this device is restricted to indooruse only.

For operationwithin 5.15– 5.25 GHz frequency range, it is restricted to indoor environment.

This device meets all the other requirements specified in Part 15E, Section 15.407 of the FCC Rules.

14

Industry Canada Equipment Standard for Digital Equipment (ICES)
– Canada

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareilnumériquede la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) – Canada

This device contains licence-exempt transmitter(s)/receiver(s) that comply with Innovation, Science
and Economic Development Canada’s licence-exempt RSS(s). Operationis subject to the following two
conditions:

1. This device may not cause interference.

2. This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause
undesiredoperationof the device.

L’émetteur/récepteur exempt de licence contenu dans le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR
d’Innovation, Sciences et Développement économiqueCanada applicables aux appareils radio exempts
de licence. L’exploitationest autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes:

1. L’appareil ne doit pas produirede brouillage;

2. L’appareil doit accepter tout brouillageradioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est
susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.

For product available in the USA/Canada market, only channel 1–11 can be operated. Selection of other
channels is not possible.

Pour les produits disponibles aux États-Unis/Canadadu marché, seul le canal 1 à 11 peuvent être
exploités. Sélection d'autres canaux n'est pas possible.

This equipment complies with ISED radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment.
This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator &
your body.

Cet équipement est conforme aux limites d'exposition aux rayonnements ISED établies pourun
environnement non contrôlé. Cet équipement doit être installé et utilisé avec un minimum de 20cm de
distance entre la source de rayonnement et votre corps.

15

The maximum antenna gain permitted for devices in the band 5725-5850MHz shall be such that the
equipment still complies with the e.i.r.p. limits specified for point-to-point and non-point-to-point
operationas appropriate.

Le gain maximal d’antennepermis (pour les dispositifs utilisant la bande 5725-5850 MHz) doit se
conformer à la limite de p.i.r.e. spécifiée pour l’exploitation point à point et non point à point, selon le cas.

Caution: The device for the band 5150-5250MHz is only for indoorusage to reduce potential for harmful
interference to co-channel mobile satellite systems.

Attention: Le dispositif de la bande5150-5250 MHz est réservé à un usage intérieurafin de réduire
l'interférence nuisible potentielle aux systèmes mobiles par satellite co-canal.

This device has been designed to operate with an antenna having a maximum gain of 3.89 dBi for 2.4
GHz and 5.55 dBi for 5 GHz. Antennahaving a higher gain is strictly prohibited per regulations of ISED.
The required antennaimpedance is 50 ohms.

Under ISED regulations, this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and
maximum (or lesser) gain approved for the transmitter by ISED. To reduce potential radio interference to
other users, the antenna type and its gain shouldbe so chosen that the equivalent isotopically radiated
power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that necessary for successful communication.

Ce dispositif a été conçu pour fonctionner avec une antenne ayant un gain maximal de 3.89 dBi pour 2,4
GHz et 5.55 dBi pour5 GHz. Une antenne ayant un gainsupérieur sont strictement interdites par la
réglementation d'ISED. L'impédance d'antenne requise est de 50 ohms.

Conformément à la réglementation d'ISED, cet émetteur radio peut fonctionner seulement avec une
antenned’un type et d'un gain maximal (ou inférieur) approuvé pour l'émetteur par I SED. Dans le but de
réduire les risques de brouillageradioélectrique aux autres utilisateurs, il faut choisir le type d'antenne et
son gainde sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonnéeéquivalente (p.i.r.e.) ne dépasse pas l'intensité
nécessaire à l'établissement d'une communication réussie.

This radio transmitter (IC: 7280B-2507T121) has been approved by ISED to operate with the antenna
types listed below with the maximum permissible gain and required antennaimpedance for each
antennatype indicated. Antenna types not included in this list, having a gain greater than the maximum
gain indicated for that type, are strictly prohibited for use with this device.

Le présent émetteur radio(IC: 7280B-2507T121)a été approuvé par ISED pour fonctionner avec les
types d'antenne énumérés ci-dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l'impédance requisepour

16

chaque type d'antenne. Les types d'antenne non inclus dans cette liste, ou dont le gain est supérieur au
gain maximal indiqué, sont strictement interdits pourl'exploitation de l'émetteur.

This device and it's antennas(s) must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other
antennaor transmitter except in accordance with IC multi-transmitter product procedures.

Cet appareilet son antenne (s) ne doit pas être co-localisés ou fonctionnement en association avec une
autre antenne ou transmetteur.

Gain (dB i)

Qty Antenna Type Connector

2.4GHz 5 GHz

Internal Antenna Model

2 PIFA IPEX 3.89 -

2 PIFA IPEX - 5.55

External Antenna Model

2 Dipole

2 Dipole

1 Chip IPEX 2.93 -

RP SMA

Plug

RP SMA

Plug

2.0 -

- 3.0

Bluetooth

17

European Conformity (CE) – EU

This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in
which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

The product transmits within the frequency ranges and less than or equal to the power listed below:

2412-2472MHz less than 20dBm
5180-5240MHz less than 23dBm
5260-5320MHz less than 23dBm *
5500-5700MHz less than 30dBm *

Note: * Only with DFS bands certification.

This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 32cm between the radiator and
your body.

Simplified EU Declaration of Conformity
This declaration is only valid for Fortinet products (including, combinations of software, firmware and
hardware) provided by Fortinet or Fortinet’s authorized partners to the end customer directly for use
within the EU or countries that have implemented the EU Directives and/or spectrum regulation. Any
Fortinet products not obtained directly from Fortinet or Fortinet’s authorized partners may not comply
with EU Directives and Fortinet makes no assurances for such products.

Български
Този продукт е в съответствиес Директива 2014/53/ЕС.

Česky
Tento produkt je v souladuse směrnicí 2014/53/EU.

Dansk
Dette produkt er i overensstemmelse med direktiv 2014/53/EU.

Deutsch
Dieses Produkt entspricht der Richtlinie 2014/53/EU.

Eesti
See toodevastab direktiivile 2014/53/EL.

18

English
This product is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU.

Español
Este producto cumple con la Directiva 2014/53/UE.

Ελληνική
Το προϊόν αυτό συμμορφώνεται με την Οδηγία 2014/53/ΕΕ.

Français
Ce produit est conforme à la Directive 2014/53/UE.

Hrvatski
Ovaj proizvod je u skladu s Direktivom 2014/53/EU.

Italiano
Questo prodotto è conforme alla Direttiva 2014/53/EU.

Latviski
Questo prodotto è conforme alla Direttiva 2014/53/EU.

Lietuvių
Šis gaminys atitinka direktyvą 2014/53/ES.

Malti
Dan il-prodott huwa konformi mad-Direttiva 2014/53/UE.

Magyar
Ez a termék megfelel a 2014/53/EU irányelvnek.

Nederlands
Dit product is in overeenstemming met Richtlijn 2014/53/EU.

Norsk
Dette produktet er i samsvar med direktiv 2014/53/EU.

Polski
Ten produkt jest zgodny z dyrektywą 2014/53/UE.

Português
Este produto está em conformidade com a Diretiva 2014/53/UE.

19

Rumunski
Acest produs este în conformitate cu Directiva 2014/53/UE.

Slovensky
Tento produkt je v súlade so smernicou 2014/53/EÚ.

Slovensko
Ta izdelek je v skladu z Direktivo 2014/53/EU.

Suomi
Tämä tuote on direktiivin 2014/53/EU mukainen.

Svenska
Denna produkt överensstämmer med direktiv 2014/53/EU.

Note: The full declarationof conformity for this product is availableat the link below:

https://site.fortinet.com/ProductRegulatory/EU

The device is restricted to indooruse only when operating in the 5150 to 5350 MHz frequency range in
the following countries:

AT BE BG HR CY CZ DK

EE FI FR DE EL HU IE

IT LV LT LU MT NL PL

PT RO SK SI ES SE UK

Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) – Japan

この装置は、クラスＢ機器 です。この装置は、住 宅環 境 で使用することを目的 としていますが、この装置がラ

ジオやテレビジョン受信機 に近接して使用されると、受 信障害 を引き起 こすことがあります。

取扱 説明書 に従って正 しい取り扱いをして下さい。

20

National Telecommunications Commission (NCC) – Taiwan

低功 率電波 輻 射性電 機 管理辦 法

第十 二條 經 型 式認證 合 格之低 功率射 頻 電機，非 經 許可 ，公 司、商號 或使用 者 均不得 擅 自變更 頻

率、加 大功率 或 變更原 設 計之 特 性及功 能 。

第十 四條 低 功 率射頻 電 機之使 用不得 影 響飛航 安 全及干 擾 合法 通 信；經發 現有干 擾 現象時 ，應 立

即停 用，並改 善 至無干 擾 時方 得 繼續使 用 。

前項 合法通 信 ，指依電 信 法規 定 作業之 無 線電通 信 。

低功 率射頻 電 機須忍 受 合法通 信 或工 業 、科學及 醫 療用 電 波輻射 性 電機設 備 之干擾 。

使用 此產品 時 應避免 影 響附近 雷 達系 統 之操作 。
電磁 波曝露 量 MPE標準 值 1mW/cm2，本產品 使 用時建 議 應距 離 人體 20cm

21

Fortinet Product License Agreement /

EULA and Warranty Terms

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publ ication may be reprodu ced in any form o r by any mea ns or used to make a ny derivative such as transl ati on, t ransforma tio n, or
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22

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Fortin et confi de nti al i nfo rmati on and o nly to use such in forma tio n for th e pu rposes for whi ch Fortin et disclosed i t.

4. Term a nd Te rmin ati on.
Except f or evalu ati on a nd b eta l icen ses o r othe r licen ses, such as sub scriptio n li censes, whe re the term of the l icense is li mi ted p er the
evalu ati on/b eta or othe r a greemen t, in the o rderin g do cumen ts or othe rwise, th e term of the li cense is for th e du ratio n of Fo rtine t's
copyright in th e Softwa re. Fortinet m ay termi na te th is Agreeme nt, a nd th e l icenses an d oth er righ ts herei n, i mm edi ate ly wit hou t noti ce
if you b reach or fa il to comp ly wi th an y o f the terms and condi ti ons of th is Agreem ent o r for other reasons as stated in Fo rtine t’s ot her
docum enta tio n. You a gree th at, u pon such termi nati on , you wi ll cease usin g the Software and an y Product and e ith er destroy al l copi es
of the Fortin et do cumen tati on or return al l m ate rial s to Forti net.

5. Transfer.
If you are a Fortin et contracted an d au thori zed resell er or di stribu tor of Produ cts, you may transfer (not rent or lea se unl ess spe cifically
agree d to i n wri tin g by Forti net) th e Softwa re to on e en d user on a perm anent ba sis, provide d that: (i) you e nsure th at your custom er
and t he e nd user recei ves a copy of th is Agreement, i s bound by i ts terms and condi tio ns, and , by sell in g the Product or Software, you
hereb y a gree t o enf orce the t erms in this Agreem ent agai nst such end user, (ii ) you at al l times compl y with all appl icable Unit ed
States export cont rol l aws and regul ati ons, and (ii i) you a gree t o refun d an y fees pai d to you by an e nd u ser w ho p urchased Product(s)
from you b ut d oes not agree t o the terms conta ine d i n thi s Agreeme nt an d the refore w ishes to return the Product(s) as p rovided for i n
thi s Agree men t. Furthe r, if you are a no n-aut hori zed resell er of Produ cts, you are not auth orized t o sell Product(s) or Softwa re, bu t,
regardl ess, by selling Product(s) or Softwa re, you he reby agree you are bo und by the restricti ons an d ob li gati on s h erei n and are bound
to: (i) ensure tha t your custome r and the en d user recei ve a copy of th is Agreem ent a nd a re bou nd i n full by a ll restriction s and
obl igati ons herei n (i i) enf orce the restriction s a nd o bli ga tio ns in t his Agreem ent a gai nst such customer and/or end user, (iii ) compl y
with all app li cable Uni ted Stat es export control l aws and regul ati ons an d al l other ap plicabl e l aws, an d (iv) refund any fee s p ai d to you
by a custome r and/or end u ser who p urchased Product(s) from you b ut do es not a gree to the restrictions a nd o bli ga tio ns contai ned in
thi s Agree men t and theref ore wi shes to retu rn the Produ ct(s) as provid ed fo r in th is Agreem ent. Notwi thstan di ng anythin g to the
contrary, distributo rs, resel le rs a nd o ther Forti net partne rs (a) are n ot ag ent s o f Forti net a nd (b) are n ot a utho rized to bin d Forti net i n
any way.

6. Li mi ted Warranty.
Fortin et provi des thi s lim it ed wa rranty for it s p roduct o nly to t he sin gl e end-user person o r e nti ty that origi nal ly pu rchased the Product
from Forti ne t or its au thorized resel ler or d istribu tor an d pa id f or such Product. The wa rranty is onl y vali d for Products whi ch are properly
registe red on Fortine t’s Supp ort Website , htt ps://supp ort.fo rtine t.com, or such o the r website as provid ed by Fo rtine t, or for w hich t he
warranty oth erwi se starts a ccording t o Forti net’s pol icie s. The wa rranty perio ds discussed be low wil l start according to Fortin et’s p olicies
posted at http://w ww.fo rtine t.com/ abo utus/l ega l.h tml or such othe r websit e as provid ed b y Fo rtine t. It i s the Fortine t di stributo r’s and
resell er’s respon sibi li ty to ma ke clear to the e nd user t he da te th e prod uct was ori gin al ly shipped f rom Forti net , and it i s the en d user’s
responsib il ity to u nde rstand th e ori gin al ship date from the party from w hich the e nd user pu rchased th e prod uct. All w arranty clai ms
must be submi tted in w riti ng to Fortine t be fore th e expi ratio n of the wa rranty term o r such cl aim s are wai ved i n full . Fortin et pro vides
no wa rranty for any be ta, d ona tio n or eval uat ion Products, for any spare pa rts not pu rchased di rectly from Fortine t by the end-user, fo r
any accessories, or for an y stand-al one software. Fortine t warrant s t hat t he ha rdware p orti on of the Products, i nclud ing spare pa rts

23

unl ess n ote d oth erwise ("Hardw are") w il l b e free f rom m ateri al d efe cts i n wo rkmanshi p as compared to the fu nctio nal specifi catio ns for
the p erio d set forth as foll ows an d ap pli cabl e to the Product type ("Hardware Warranty Period "): a three h und red sixty-five (365 ) day
li mi ted w arranty for the Hardw are exclud in g spare parts, powe r suppl ies, an d accessories (provide d, sol ely w ith respect to Forti AP and
Meru AP ind oor Wi-Fi a ccess poi nt Hardware a ppl ia nce prod ucts and Fo rtiSwitch Hardwa re app li ance products othe r than the
FortiSwit ch-5000 series (for both excludi ng spa re parts, po wer suppli es, and accessories), th e warranty herei n shal l l ast from the start o f
the warranty peri od a s d iscussed abo ve unti l f ive (5) years fol low ing the p roduct an nou nced e nd-of-l ife date ), and , for spare p arts,
powe r suppl ies, an d accessories, sole ly a nine ty (90) days limited warranty. Forti net's sole obli ga tio n shal l b e to rep ai r o r offer
repla cement Hardware fo r the de fecti ve Hardwa re at no charge to the o rigi nal own er. This o bli ga tio n is exclusive of tran sport fee s,
lab or, de -instal la tio n, i nstal lat ion , reconfi gu ratio n, or retu rn ship men t and handli ng f ees an d costs, and Fo rtine t shal l ha ve no
obl igati on rel ate d the reto. Such repair or rep lacem ent wil l be rende red by Forti net a t an a uth orized Fo rtine t service facil it y a s
dete rmin ed b y Fo rtine t. The repla cemen t Hardware ne ed n ot be new o r of an iden tical ma ke, mod el , or part; Fortine t ma y, in i ts
discretio n, rep lace the de fecti ve Hardwa re (or any part th ereof ) with any recondi tioned Product that Fortine t reasonabl y d ete rmin es is
substanti al ly eq uival ent (or sup erio r) i n al l m ate rial respects to the defe ctive Hardware. The Hardwa re Warranty Period f or the repai red
or replaceme nt Ha rdware shal l be for th e grea ter of the rem ainin g Hard ware Warranty Period or ni nety d ays f rom th e deli very of the
repai red or rep lacem ent Hardwa re. If Fo rtine t det ermi nes in its reasonabl e di scretion t hat a mate rial defect is in capable o f correction or
that i t i s n ot p ractical t o repa ir or repl ace de fecti ve Hardwa re, the price pa id b y the ori gi nal purchaser for th e defective Ha rdware w il l be
refund ed b y Fo rtine t up on retu rn to Fortine t of th e de fective H ardware . All Ha rdware (or p art the reof) tha t is repl aced b y Fortine t, or fo r
whi ch the p urchase price i s refund ed, shall becom e the property of Fo rtine t up on rep lacem ent or refun d. Forti net warrants tha t the
software a s ini tia ll y shippe d wi th th e Ha rdware Products wi ll substanti al ly confo rm to Forti ne t's th en current functi onal specif icati ons for
the Softw are, a s set f orth i n the appli cable docum enta tio n for a p erio d of n in ety (90) days ("Software Warranty Period "), i f th e Softwa re
is prope rly insta ll ed on app roved Ha rdware a nd operate d as conte mplated i n it s d ocumenta tio n. Forti net 's sol e obli gati on sha ll be to
repai r or offer re pla cemen t Softwa re for the non-conf ormi ng Softw are wi th soft ware th at substan tia ll y conforms to Fortine t's fu nctio nal
specifi catio ns. This ob li gat ion is exclusive of transport fe es, la bor, de -install ati on, i nstal la tio n, reconf igu rati on, o r return ship me nt an d
hand li ng f ees and costs, and Fortine t shal l ha ve no o bli ga tio n rela ted thereto . Except as otherwi se ag reed b y Fo rtine t in writi ng, t he
warranty repl acem ent Soft ware i s provided onl y to the orig in al l icen see, an d i s sub ject t o the terms and condi ti ons of th e l icense
grante d by Forti net f or the Soft ware. Th e Softwa re Warranty Period sha ll extend f or an a ddi tio nal ni nety (90) da ys after an y w arranty
repla cement softwa re is de li vered. If Fo rtine t de termi nes i n it s rea sonab le discretion tha t a m ateri al n on-conf orman ce is in capab le o f
correction o r that i t is no t practi cal to re pai r or repla ce the n on-conf ormi ng Softw are, th e pri ce pai d by the origi na l l icensee for the n on­conform ing Software wi ll be ref und ed by Fo rtine t; provided t hat t he non-confo rmin g Softwa re (and a ll copie s thereo f) is first returne d to
Fortin et. The li cense grant ed respe cting any Software for whi ch a refun d i s g iven a uto mat ical ly termi na tes im med ia tel y u pon refund .
For purpo se of the above hardwa re and software warranti es, the term “fun ction al spe cifi cations” m eans solel y those specificati ons
auth orized a nd p ubl ishe d by Forti net t hat e xpressly stat e in such specification s that they are th e fun ction al specificat ion s referred to i n
thi s secti on 6 of thi s Agreemen t, an d, i n the event no such specifi cati ons are p rovided to you wi th t he Softw are or Ha rdware, there shal l
be no warranty on such Software.

7. Di sclaim er of Oth er Warranti es and R estrictio ns.
EXCEPT FOR THE LIM ITED WARRANTYSPECIFIED IN SECTION 6 ABOVE, THE PRODUCT AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS-IS"
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND INC LUDIN G, WITHOUT LIMI TATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY, IM PLIED OR EXPRESS
WARRANTYOF M ERCHANTABILITY, OR WARRANTY FOR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IF ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED IN ANY TERRITORY WHERE A PRODUCT IS SOLD, THE DURATION OF SUCH
IMPLIED WARRANTY SHALL BE LIM ITED TO NINETY (90) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF ORIGIN AL SHIPMENT FROM FORTIN ET. EXCEPT
AS EXPRESSLY COVERED UNDER THE LIM ITED WARRANTY PROVIDED HEREIN, THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY, SELECTION
AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCT IS WITH THE PURCHASER OF THE PRODUCT. NOTWITHSTANDIN G ANYTHING TO THE
CONTRARY, TH E HARDWARE WARRANTY PERIOD DISCUSSED ABOVE D OES NOT APPLY TO CERTAIN FORTINET PRODUCTS,
INCLU DING FORTITOKEN WHICH HAS A 3 65 D AY WARRANTY FROM THE DATE OF SHIPMENT FROM FORTINET’S FACILITIES, AND
THE SOFTWARE WARRANTY DOES NOT APPLY TO CERTAIN FORTINET PRODUCTS, INCLUD ING FORTIGATE-ONE AND VDOM
SOFTWARE. YOU HEREBYACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREETHAT NO VENDOR CAN ASSURE COMPLETE SECURITY AND NOTHIN G
HEREIN OR ELSEWHERE SHALL BE DEEMED TO IM PLY A SECURITY GUARANTEE OR ASSURANCE.
The wa rranty in Section 6 a bove d oes not app ly if t he Softw are, Product or any othe r e qui pm ent upon which t he Softw are is au thorized
to be used (a) has be en a lte red, except by Fortinet or i ts autho rized rep resentative, (b) ha s not be en i nstal le d, operate d, rep aired ,
upda ted to the late st version, o r m ai nta ine d i n accordance w ith instructio ns suppl ie d by Forti net, (c) has be en subj ected to ab normal

24

physical o r ele ctrical stress, misuse, negl ig ence, o r accident; (d) is li censed for beta , eval uati on , don ati on, t estin g or de mon stratio n
purpo ses o r for whi ch Fortin et do es not cha rge a p urchase pri ce or li cense fee . In th e case of b eta, testin g, eval uat ion , donati on o r free
Software o r Product, the e nd u ser a cknowle dge s a nd a grees that such Softwa re or Product may cont ain bugs or errors and could cau se
system failures, data l oss and o ther i ssues, and th e en d user ag rees that such Software o r Product is provide d “as-is” with out a ny
warranty whatsoever, an d Forti net disclai ms an y w arranty or li ab il ity wha tsoever. An end user’s use of evalu ati on or b eta Softw are or
Product is li mi ted to thi rty (30) days from ori ginal shipm ent unle ss o therwi se agreed i n writ ing by Fortine t.

8. Governi ng L aw.
Any di spute s arising out o f thi s Agreemen t or Forti net’s li mi ted w arranty shal l be governe d by the laws of the state of Cali forni a, wi tho ut
regard to the con fli ct of l aws prin cipl es. In th e even t of any dispu tes arisin g ou t of th is Agreem ent o r Fortine t’s l im ite d wa rranty, the
parti es submi t to t he j urisdi ction of the fed eral and stat e courts locat ed i n Santa Clara Coun ty, Cal ifo rnia , as app li cable.

9. Li mi tation of Li abi li ty.
TO TH E M AXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BYLAW AND NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY, FORTINET IS NOT LIABLE
UNDER ANY CONTR ACT, NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, INFRINGEMENT OR OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY FOR
ANY LOSS OF USE OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE OR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, WHETHER DIRECT, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCL UDING, BUT NOT LI MITED TO, DAMAGESFOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, LOSS OF PROFIT,
LOSS OF OPPORTUNITY, LOSS OR DAMAGE RELATED TO USE OF THE PRODUC T OR SERVICE IN CONNECTION WITH HIGH RI SK
ACTIVITIES, DE-INSTALLATION AND INSTALLATION FEES AND COSTS, DAMAGE TO PERSONAL OR REAL PROPERTY, WORK
STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILU RE OR M ALFUNCTION, COMPUTER SECURITY BREACH, COM PUTER VIRUS INFECTION, LOSS OF
INFORMATION OR DATA CONTAINED IN, STORED ON, OR INTEGRATED WITH ANY PRODUCT INCLUD ING ANY PRODUCT
RETURNED TO FORTIN ET FOR WARRANTY SERVICE) RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUC T, RELATING TO WARRANTY
SERVICE, OR ARISING OUT OF ANY BREACH OF TH E L IMITED WARRANTY IN SECTION 6 ABOVE, EVEN IF FORTINET HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH D AMAGES. THE SOLE REMEDY FOR A BREACH OF THE L IMITED WARRANTY IS REPAIR,
REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE D EFECTIVE OR N ON-CONFORMING PRODUCT AS SPECIFICALLY STATED IN SECTION 6
ABOVE.

10. Im po rt / Export Requ irem ents; FCP A Comp li ance.
You are ad vised th at the Products may be subject to the Un ite d State s Export Admi ni stratio n Reg ul ati ons and oth er im port and expo rt
law s; diversion contrary to Uni ted States law and reg ul ati on i s prohi bit ed. You agree to compl y with all app li cable int ernati on al a nd
nati ona l l aws tha t ap ply to t he Products as wel l a s end u ser, end-use, and d estin ati on restricti ons issued by U.S. and o ther
governm ents. For a ddi ti ona l i nform ati on o n U.S. export con trols see ww w.bi s.doc.go v. Fortin et assume s no respon sibi li ty or liabi li ty for
your fai lure t o ob tai n any ne cessary im port a nd e xport app rovals, an d Forti net reserves the right to term ina te or suspen d shipme nts,
services an d supp ort in the e vent Forti net has a reason abl e ba sis to suspect an y i mp ort or expo rt viola tio n. You rep resent th at neither
the United State s Burea u of I ndu stry an d Security nor an y other governme ntal age ncy h as issued san ction s a gai nst you o r otherwi se
suspende d, revoked o r deni ed your export privileges. You ag ree no t to u se or transfer th e Products for any use rel ati ng t o nuclear,
chemi cal o r biol og ical weap ons, or m issile techno log y, unl ess a uthorized b y the Un ite d States Governm ent b y regul ati on or spe cifi c
writte n li cense. Additi ona ll y, you agree not t o di rectly or in directly export, i mpo rt or transmi t th e Products contrary to the laws or
regul ati ons of a ny oth er governm ent al e nti ty that h as jurisdicti on over such e xport, im po rt, transmi ssion o r use. Furthe rmore, you
represent t hat you unde rstand, a nd you hereby ag ree to com pl y with , al l requ irem ents o f the U.S. Foreig n Co rrupt Practices Act an d al l
othe r appl icab le l aws. Fo r beta , testi ng, e valua tio n, donat ion or free Products and /or rel ated services, you hereby ag ree, rep resent an d
warrant to Fortinet th at (a) recei pt of the Products and /or services compl y w ith all pol icie s and you have ob tai ned all necessary
appro vals for such Products and/ or services, (b) th e Products and /or services a re not provide d in exchange for Fortin et m aintai ni ng
current busi ness or for new business o pportuni tie s, and (c) the Products and/or services are not bei ng received fo r the b enefit o f, an d
are no t bei ng t ransferred to , an y g overnment e nti ty, representa tive o r affi li ate.

11. U.S. Go vernmen t En d Users.
The Softwa re and accompa nying docum enta tio n are d eem ed t o be "com mercia l compute r software" and "commercia l com pute r
software d ocume nta tio n," respectivel y, pursuan t to DFAR Section 227 .720 2 an d FAR Section 1 2.21 2, as a ppl icab le. Any use,
mod ifi cation, rep roducti on, re lea se, perfo rman ce, display or di sclosure of t he Softw are an d accomp anyin g do cumen tati on b y the
Uni ted States Governmen t shal l be governe d sole ly by the terms of th is Agreeme nt a nd shal l b e prohib ite d except to the e xtent
expressly p ermi tte d by the terms of th is Agreement a nd i ts successors.

25

12. Ta x L iabil it y.
You agree to be responsib le for payme nt of any sales or use taxes imp osed a t any ti me o n th is transacti on.

13. Gen eral Provisio ns.
Except a s specifical ly pe rmit ted a nd req ui red in section 5 (“Transfer”) ab ove, you a gree n ot to assign th is Agreeme nt o r t ransfer any o f
the ri ghts or ob li gat ion s unde r this Agreem ent w ith out t he prior written con sent of Fo rtine t. Thi s Agreement shal l b e bi ndi ng u pon , and
inu re to th e be nefi t of , the successors a nd p ermi tted assigns of th e pa rties. The Uni ted N ati ons Con venti on o n Con tracts for the
Internati ona l Sale s of Good s i s expressly e xcluded. Thi s Agreemen t and othe r Fortine t ag reeme nts ma y b e am ended o r suppl eme nte d
onl y b y a writi ng that refers e xpli citl y t o the agreem en t signed on behalf of bot h parties, or, fo r this Agree men t, as oth erwise expressly
provide d i n the lea d-in a bove Secti on 1 a bove, p rovide d, no twi thstan din g an ythin g to t he cont rary a nd except for thi s Agreemen t whi ch
may be amended or upd ated as expressly p rovide d in the l ead -in a bove Sectio n 1 a bove, for any am end men t or oth er agree me nt to be
bin ding on Fortin et, such am en dme nt or ot her ag reem ent m ust be signed by Fortinet’s Gen eral Coun sel. No wai ver w il l be im pl ied
from conduct or fai lure to e nforce rig hts nor e ffecti ve unl ess in a w riti ng sig ned on be hal f of the pa rty a gai nst wh om the wa iver is
asserted. If a ny part o f thi s Agreemen t is fou nd u nen forceable, t hat p art wi ll be en forced to the m axim um extent p ermi tted and the
remai nd er shall conti nue in fu ll force and effect. You acknowle dge that you have read this Agreem ent , und erstand it, and ag ree to be
boun d by i ts terms and condi tio ns.

14. P rivacy.
Fortin et’s col le ction , use, pro tectio n an d transfe r of your persona l i nfo rmati on i s governe d by the Fortine t privacy pol icy on th e Forti net
web site (http ://ww w.forti ne t.com/a bou tus/pri vacy.html ).

15. Ope n S ource S oftwa re.
Fortin et’s p roducts ma y i nclu de soft ware m odu les that are l icen sed (or subl icensed ) to the user unde r the GNU General Publi c License,
Version 2, o f June 1 991 (“GPL”) or GNU Lesser General Publi c Licen se, Version 2. 1, of February 199 9 (“LGPL”) or other op en sou rce
software l icen ses w hich, amo ng o ther rig hts, pe rmit the user t ouse, cop y, modi fy and redistri bute mod ule s, or porti ons the reof, a nd m ay
also req ui re attributi on d isclosures an d access to the source code ("Open Source Softwa re"). Th e GPL requi res that f or any Open Source
Software covered unde r the GPL, whi ch is di stribu ted t o some one in an executable bin ary format, that the source code also b e ma de
avail abl e to those u sers. Fo r a ny Open Sou rce Software covered u nde r the GPL, the source code i s m ade avai lab le on thi s CD or
down load pa ckage. If a ny Open Sou rce Soft ware l icen ses req ui re that Fortine t provid e rig hts to use, copy o r mod ify a Ope n Source
Software p rogram that a re broad er tha n the right s g rante d in this ag reem ent, then such ri ghts shal l take precede nce over the rights a nd
restriction s h erei n. Forti net wil l provide, for a charge reflecti ng o ur standa rd di stribut ion costs, th e comp le te m achin e-reada bl e copy of
the m odi fi ed soft ware m odu les. To o btain a compl ete machi ne-read abl e copy, plea se send your wri tten request, a lo ng wi th a check i n
the a mou nt of US $25.00, to General Publi c Licen se Source Code Request, Fortin et, I nc., 899 Kifer Rd, Sunnyvale, C A 9 408 6 USA. I n
order to receive the mod ifi ed sof tware m odu le s, you must a lso includ e the follow ing informat ion : (a) Nam e, (b) Address, (c) Tel eph one
num ber, (d) E-mai l Address, (e) Product purchased (if app li cabl e), (f) Product Serial N umb er (if appl icabl e). All open source softwa re
mod ule s are li censed free of cha rge. The re is no warranty for these mo dul es, to th e extent pe rmit ted b y a ppl icab le law. The copyrigh t
hol ders provid e the se software m od ule s “AS-IS” wi thou t warrant y o f an y kind, e ith er expressed or im pl ie d. In no even t wil l t he cop yright
hol der fo r t he o pen source sof tware b e li ab le t o you fo r damages, i nclu din g an y spe cial , in cidental or consequ enti al dam age s a rising
out o f the use or inabi li ty to use th e software mo dul es, even i f such ho lder has bee n ad vised of the possibil ity o f such dam ag es. A full
copy of thi s li cense, in clud ing addi ti ona l op en sou rce software l icense disclosures an d thi rd pa rty l icen se disclo sures a ppl icab le to
certain Fortine t prod ucts, may obtained b y contactin g Forti net ’s Leg al Depa rtmen t at l ega l@f ortin et.com .

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LIC ENSE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Copyrig ht (C) 198 9, 1991 Free Software Fo unda tion, In c.

59 Tem pl e Place, Sui te 3 30, Boston , MA 021 11-13 07 U SA

This Li cense ap pli es to a ny program or other work which contai ns a no tice p laced by the copyrig ht ho ld er saying i t m ay be di stribu ted
unde r the te rms of th is General Publ ic Li cense. The "Program ", bel ow, ref ers to any such prog ram or w ork, and a "work b ased on the
Program" mea ns eit her the Program o r any derivat ive wo rk un der copyrig ht l aw: th at i s to say, a work conta ini ng the Program or a

TERMS AND COND ITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

Version 2, Jun e 19 91

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porti on o f it, eith er verbati m o r w ith mod ifi catio ns and /or transl ated into ano the r l an gua ge. (He rein afte r, translat ion is in clude d wi thout
li mi tati on i n th e term "modi ficat ion ".) Each l icensee is add ressed as "you".
Activitie s o ther th an cop ying, distrib uti on and m odi ficat ion are not covered by thi s Licen se; they a re outside i ts scope. The a ct of
runni ng t he Program is not restricted, an d the out put f rom th e Program i s covered onl y if i ts conten ts constitut e a wo rk b ased on the
Program (in dep endent o f having be en m ade by runni ng the Program ). Whethe r that i s true de pen ds on wh at th e Program d oes.

1. You m ay copy and d istrib ute verba tim copies of the Program's sou rce code as you recei ve it, in an y med ium , provi ded t hat you
conspicuo usly and approp riately pu bli sh on e ach copy an approp riate copyrigh t not ice an d di sclaim er of w arranty; keep inta ct all the
noti ces that ref er to th is Li cense and to the absen ce of an y warranty; an d gi ve any oth er recipi ents o f the Program a cop y o f thi s Licen se
alo ng with t he Program . You may charge a f ee fo r the ph ysical act of transferring a copy, an d you m ay at your op tio n off er warranty
protecti on i n exchan ge fo r a fee .

2. You m ay mod ify your copy or copi es of th e Program o r any porti on o f it, thus fo rmin g a wo rk b ased on the Program, an d copy and
distrib ute such m od ifi catio ns or work und er the t erms of Sectio n 1 a bove, p rovide d tha t you al so me et al l o f the se condi tio ns:
a) You must cause the m odi fi ed fi le s to carry prominent noti ces stating that you changed th e fi les an d the date of an y cha nge .
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publi sh, that in wh ol e or in part cont ain s or is derived from th e Program o r any part
thereo f, to be li censed as a whol e at no cha rge to a ll thi rd parti es und er the t erms of th is Li cense.
c) If t he m odi fied program n orma ll y reads comm and s i nte ractivel y w hen run, you m ust cause it , whe n started runni ng fo r such
int eractive use in th e most ordi nary way, to p rint o r displ ay an a nno uncem ent i nclu di ng an app ropria te copyrig ht no tice and a noti ce
that t here i s no wa rranty (or else, sayin g that you p rovide a warranty) and that u sers m ay redi stribute the p rogram unde r these
condi tio ns, and telli ng th e user ho w to vie w a copy of this Li cense. (Exception : if the Program itsel f is in teracti ve but d oes not norma ll y
print such a n an nou nceme nt, you r work b ased o n the Program i s n ot req uired to pri nt an announcem en t.)
These requ irem ent s a ppl y to the mod ifi ed work a s a whole. I f id enti fi abl e sectio ns of th at wo rk are n ot d erived f rom th e Program, and
can be rea sonab ly consid ered i nde pen den t and separate works i n themsel ves, then this Li cense, a nd i ts terms, do not a ppl y to tho se
sections wh en you d istrib ute t hem as separate works. But when you distrib ute the sam e section s as part of a whol e wh ich i s a work
based o n the Program, t he d istribu tio n of the wh ole mu st be on the te rms of this Licen se, who se permissions fo r o the r licen sees extend
to the enti re who le , and thus to e ach an d every part regardle ss of who w rote i t.. Thu s, it i s not th e in ten t of th is section to clai m ri ghts
or contest your rig hts to work w ritten ent irel y by you ; rathe r, the i nte nt i s to exercise the right to control the distrib uti on of deri vative or
collective wo rks based on th e Program. In add iti on , me re agg regati on of anothe r work n ot b ased on the Program with the Program (or
with a work based on the Program) on a volu me o f a storag e or di stribu tio n me diu m d oes not bring the o ther wo rk under th e scope of
thi s L icense.

3. You m ay copy and d istrib ute t he Program (or a work based o n it , und er Section 2) in o bje ct code or execut abl e form unde r the te rms
of Section s 1 and 2 abo ve provided th at you a lso do one o f the fol low ing :
a) Accomp any i t wit h the compl ete correspondi ng m achin e-read abl e source code , whi ch must b e di stribu ted u nde r the te rms of
Sections1 a nd 2 a bove o n a m edi um customari ly used f or software i nte rchange ; or,
b) Accomp any i t wit h a wri tten offer, val id for at l east th ree years, to give an y t hird p arty, for a cha rge no more th an you r cost o f
physicall y perform in g source di stribution , a com ple te m achin e-read abl e copy of the correspondin g source code, to be distrib ute d under
the te rms of Sectio ns 1 and 2 above on a med ium customa rily used for software inte rchange ; or,
c) Accompan y i t wi th th e i nform ati on you received as to the of fer to d istrib ute correspon di ng source code . (This al terna tive i s all owe d
onl y f or non comm ercial distrib uti on a nd o nly i f you received the program in o bje ct code or executabl e form with such an off er, in accord
with Subsection b abo ve.)
Source code for a w ork mean s the preferred fo rm of t he wo rk fo r makin g m odi fication s t o it . For an e xecutabl e wo rk, com pl ete source
code m ean s a ll the sou rce cod e for a ll module s i t cont ain s, plu s a ny associate d in terface d efi ni tio n fi les, pl us the scripts u sed to con trol
compi la tio n an d in stall ati on o f the executab le. However, a s a special exception, th e source code distrib uted need not inclu de a nythi ng
that i s normall y distrib uted (in e ith er source or bi nary form) wi th th e m ajo r component s (com pil er, kerne l, a nd so on ) of the operatin g
system on wh ich th e executa ble runs, unl ess that com pon ent itself accompa ni es the e xecutabl e. If distrib uti on o f executab le or obj ect
code i s m ad e by offe ring access to cop y from a d esign ate d pl ace, th en o fferin g eq ui valen t access to copy the source code from th e
same p lace cou nts as distributi on of the source code, even thou gh th ird p artie s a re not compe ll ed t o copy the source a lo ng wi th t he
obj ect code.

4. You m ay not cop y, modify, subl icen se, or di stribute the Program except as expressly provid ed un der th is Li cense. Any attem pt
othe rwise to copy, modify, subl icen se or distrib ute the Program is void, and wi ll au tom ati call y t ermi nate your rights u nde r this L icense.
Howe ver, parties who h ave received copie s, or rights, from you u nder th is Li cense wi ll not h ave the ir li censes termi na ted so l ong as
such parties remai n i n ful l com pl ia nce.

27

5. You are not required to accept this Li cense, sin ce you have n ot sig ned it. Ho wever, no thi ng e lse grants you pe rmission to modi fy or
distrib ute the Program or its deri vative wo rks. The se actio ns are proh ibi ted by law if you d o no t accept th is License. Therefore, b y
mod ifying or di stribu tin g the Program (or an y work b ased o n the Program), you i ndi cate your a cceptance o f thi s Licen se to do so, and
all its term s and con dit ion s for copying , di stributi ng or mod ifyin g th e Program o r works ba sed on it.

6. Each tim e you re distrib ute the Program (or a ny work based on the Program), the recipi ent a utom ati call y receives a license from the
origi na l l icensor to copy, distrib ute o r mod ify the Program subj ect to these te rms and con dit ion s. You may n ot i mpo se any furth er
restriction s o n th e recipi en ts' e xercise of the rights g ranted herein. You are not responsib le f or enfo rcing com pl ian ce by thi rd parti es to
thi s L icense.

7. If, a s a consequ ence of a court ju dgm ent or alleg ati on o f pat ent i nfri nge men t or for an y other reason (not lim it ed to pate nt i ssues),
condi tio ns are im po sed on you (wheth er by court order, a greem en t or oth erwise) that contradict th e condi ti ons of t his Li cense, th ey do
not e xcuse you from th e conditi ons of t his Li cense. If you canno t distribute so as to satisfy sim ult aneously your ob li gati on s u nde r this
Licen se and any othe r pertinent obl iga tio ns, the n as a conseq uen ce you ma y n ot d istribu te th e Program at al l. Fo r e xamp le, if a p aten t
li cense wou ld n ot permi t royalty-free red istrib uti on o f the Program by al l th ose who receive copi es di rectly or ind irectl y through you,
then the o nly way you could sat isfy both it an d th is License wou ld b e to re frain enti rely from distrib uti on o f the Program.
If any po rtion of th is section is hel d i nvalid o r unen forceabl e u nde r a ny parti cula r circumstance, th e ba lance of th e sectio n is i nten ded
to ap ply an d the section as a who le i s int ended to appl y in o ther circumstances.
It is no t the purpose o f thi s section to ind uce you to inf ringe any pat ents or ot her prop erty right claim s or to conte st vali dit y o f any such
claims; thi s section h as the sol e pu rpose of protecti ng th e in teg rity of th e free sof tware d istrib uti on system, wh ich i s i mp le men ted by
publ ic l icen se practices. Many peo pl e have m ad e gen erous con tribu tio ns to th e wi de ran ge of software distrib uted throug h tha t system
in rel ia nce on consistent a ppl icat ion of that system; it is up t o the auth or/don or to d ecide if he or she i s w il li ng to di stribut e softwa re
throug h an y o the r system a nd a li censee cann ot i mpo se that choice.
This section is in ten ded to ma ke thorou ghl y clear wh at is b elieved to be a conseque nce of t he rest of this Li cense.

8. If th e di stribu tio n an d/or use o f the Program is restricted in certai n cou ntrie s e ith er by pat ents or by copyrigh ted inte rfaces, the
origi na l copyrig ht ho ld er who p la ces the Program unde r this Li cense m ay add a n expl icit geo graph ical distrib uti on l im ita tion exclu din g
those cou ntrie s, so that d istributi on i s p ermi tted onl y in o r amo ng coun trie s n ot th us exclude d. In such case, this Li cense incorporate s
the l im itati on as i f writt en i n the bod y o f thi s Licen se.

9. The Free Software Fo und ati on m ay pub li sh revised an d/or n ew version s o f the General Publi c License f rom ti me to ti me. Such n ew
versions wil l b e sim il ar in spirit to the p resent version , but may di ffer i n detail to a ddress ne w problem s or concerns. Each version is
given a di sting uishi ng versio n nu mbe r. If the Program specif ies a version num be r o f thi s Licen se whi ch app li es to it and "any l ate r
version", you ha ve the o pti on o f fol lo win g the terms an d condi ti ons ei the r o f tha t version o r of any l ate r version publi shed b y the Free
Software Founda tio n. If the Program does no t specify a version num ber of this Li cense, you m ay choose a ny version ever pu bl ished by
the Free Software Fou nda tio n.

10. If you wish to in corporate parts of the Program i nto o ther free program s whose d istribu tio n cond iti ons a re di fferen t, writ e to th e
auth or to ask for pe rmission . For softwa re whi ch is copyrigh ted by t he Free Software Fou nda tio n, wri te to t he Free Software Fou nda tio n;
we some tim es ma ke excepti ons for thi s. Our decisi on wi ll be g ui ded b y the tw o goals of p reserving th e free status of al l d erivatives of
our free sof tware a nd o f prom oti ng th e shari ng an d reuse o f softwa re gen eral ly.

11. BECAUSETH E PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF C HARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR TH E PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT
PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISESTATED IN WRITI NG THE C OPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE TH E PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCL UDIN G, BUT
NOT LIMI TED TO, THE IM PLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE
RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM I S WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE D EFECTIVE, YOU
ASSUME THE C OST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE L AW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT H OLDER, OR ANY
OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
DAMAGES, INCLU DING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCI DENTAL OR C ONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGESARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT N OT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR D ATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTYH AS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

NO WARRA NTY

28

GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LIC ENSE

Copyrig ht (C) 199 1, 1999 Free Software Fo unda tion, In c.

59 Tem pl e Place, Sui te 3 30, Boston , MA 021 11-13 07 U SA

This Li cense Agreem ent a ppl ie s to any softw are li brary or oth er program whi ch contai ns a n oti ce pla ced by the copyright h ol der or oth er
auth orized p arty saying i t m ay be di stribu ted u nde r the te rms of this Lesser General Publi c Licen se (also cal led "this Li cense"). Each
li censee i s a ddressed a s "you".
A "li brary" m ea ns a coll ectio n of software fu nctio ns and/or dat a prep ared so as to be conven ien tly linked with appl icat ion program s
(which u se some o f those functi ons and data ) to form executabl es.
The "Library", b elo w, refe rs to any such software l ibrary o r work which h as bee n di stribut ed u nder t hese te rms. A "work ba sed on the
Lib rary" me ans ei the r the Li brary or any de rivati ve work unde r copyright l aw: that i s to say, a wo rk cont ain in g the Lib rary o r a porti on o f
it, e ith er verbati m o r w ith mod ifi catio ns and /or transl ated straigh tforwardly into an othe r lan gua ge. (He rein afte r, translat ion is in clude d
with out lim it ati on i n the term "mo di ficati on".)
"Source code " for a work me ans the preferred f orm of the wo rk fo r makin g m odi ficat ion s to it. For a li brary, compl ete source code m eans
all the sou rce code for a ll module s i t cont ain s, plu s a ny associate d in terface d efi ni tio n fi les, pl us the scrip ts used to control com pi lat ion
and i nstal la tio n of the l ibrary.
Activitie s o ther th an cop ying, distrib uti on and m odi ficat ion are not covered by thi s Licen se; they a re outside i ts scope. The a ct of
runni ng a program using the L ibrary is no t restricted, and o utpu t from such a program is covered on ly if its conten ts constitu te a work
based o n the Li brary (inde pen den t of th e use of the L ib rary i n a t ool for writi ng it). Wheth er tha t is true d epe nds on what the Li brary
does an d wh at the program that uses the Lib rary d oes.

1. You m ay copy and d istrib ute verba tim copies of the Lib rary's compl ete source code as you recei ve it, in any med ium , provi ded that
you conspi cuously and app ropria tel y publ ish o n ea ch copy an ap propri ate cop yright n oti ce and disclai me r of warran ty; keep i ntact al l
the n oti ces t hat ref er to th is Li cense and to the absence of any w arranty; an d di stribut e a copy of this Li cense al ong wi th the Lib rary.
You may charge a fee for the p hysical a ct of transfe rring a copy, and you may at you r o pti on o ffer wa rranty protecti on i n e xchange f or a
fee.

2. You m ay mod ify your copy or copi es of th e Li brary or any porti on of it, thus form ing a work based on th e Li brary, and copy a nd
distrib ute such m od ifi catio ns or work und er the t erms of Sectio n 1 a bove, p rovide d tha t you al so me et al l o f the se condi tio ns:
a) The m odi fie d wo rk m ust itsel f be a softwa re li brary.
b) You must cause the fi les mod ifi ed t o carry prominent noti ces stating that you changed th e fi les an d the date of an y cha nge .
c) You m ust cause the who le o f the work to be licen sed at n o charge to al l th ird p artie s unde r the te rms of thi s Licen se.
d) If a fa cili ty in t he m odi fi ed Library refers to a functio n or a t abl e of data t o be suppli ed by an ap pli cati on program t hat u ses t he
facil ity, ot her than as an argum ent p assed when th e faci li ty is invoked , then you m ust make a good fai th effort to e nsure that, i n the
event a n appli cation do es not sup pl y such fu nctio n or ta ble , the facil ity stil l o perate s, and performs wh atever pa rt of i ts purpose
remai ns me ani ngf ul.
These requ irem ent s a ppl y to the mod ifi ed work a s a whole. I f id enti fi abl e sectio ns of th at wo rk are n ot d erived f rom th e Li brary, and
can be rea sonab ly consid ered i nde pen den t and separate works i n themsel ves, then this Li cense, a nd i ts terms, do not a ppl y to tho se
sections wh en you d istrib ute t hem as separate works. But when you distrib ute the sam e section s as part of a whol e wh ich i s a work
based o n the Li brary, the d istrib uti on o f the w hol e m ust be o n the terms of this Li cense, wh ose pe rmission s for othe r licensees extend
to the enti re who le , and thus to e ach an d every part regardle ss of who w rote i t. Thu s, it i s n ot th e in ten t of th is section to clai m ri ght s o r
contest your rig hts to wo rk written enti rely b y you ; rathe r, the i nte nt i s to exercise the right to control the d istrib uti on o f deri vative o r
collective wo rks based on th e Li brary. In ad di tio n, m ere ag grega tio n of a nother work not based o n the Lib rary wi th t he L ibrary (or wit h a
work based o n the Lib rary) on a volu me o f a storag e or di stribu tio n me dium d oes not brin g the othe r work u nde r the scope o f thi s
Licen se.

3. You m ay opt to app ly the terms of th e ordi na ry GNU General Publi c License i nstea d of t his Li cense to a given copy of th e Li brary. To
do th is, you m ust al ter al l th e no tices tha t refer to this Li cense, so th at th ey refer to th e ordi na ry GNU Gen eral Publi c License, version 2
instea d of to thi s Licen se. (If a ne wer version t han version 2 of the ordina ry GNU General Publi c L icen se has app eared , the n you can
specify tha t version i nstead if you w ish.) Do not m ake an y o ther chan ge i n th ese no tices.

TERMS AND COND ITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

Version 2.1 , Februa ry 1 999

29

Once thi s cha nge is mad e in a gi ven copy, i t is irreversibl e fo r that cop y, so the ord ina ry GNU Ge neral Publi c Licen se appl ie s to al l
subseque nt copi es and deri vative works made f rom th at copy. Thi s opti on i s useful when you wi sh to copy pa rt of th e code o f the
Lib rary i nto a progra m tha t is no t a l ibrary.

4. You m ay copy and d istrib ute t he Li brary (or a po rtion or derivative of i t, u nde r Secti on 2 ) i n o bje ct code or executabl e form und er the
terms of Sections 1 an d 2 a bove pro vided that you accompany it wi th th e comple te correspondin g ma chin e-reada ble source code,
whi ch must be distrib ute d und er the terms of Sectio ns 1 an d 2 a bove on a me diu m custom aril y used fo r software i nterchange.
If di stribut ion of ob ject code is ma de b y o fferi ng a ccess to copy from a designa ted p la ce, then offe ring e qui vale nt access to copy the
source code from the sam e pl ace sati sfies th e requ irem ent t o di stribut e the source code, e ven tho ugh third p arties are not compel led to
copy the source al on g wi th th e ob ject code .

5. A program that contai ns no de rivati ve of an y portio n of the Li brary, bu t is desi gne d to work w ith the Library by bei ng compi led or
li nked wi th i t, i s cal le d a "work th at uses the Lib rary". Such a wo rk, i n i sola tio n, i s n ot a d erivati ve work of th e Li brary, and theref ore fall s
outsid e th e scope of this Li cense.
Howe ver, lin king a "work that u ses t he Li brary" with the Library creates an executabl e th at i s a derivative of the Li brary (because i t
contai ns porti ons of the Li brary), rathe r t han a "work t hat u ses t he l ib rary". The executabl e i s therefo re covered by thi s Licen se. Section 6
states terms fo r distrib uti on of such executabl es.
When a "wo rk th at uses the Lib rary" uses ma teria l from a h ead er fil e th at i s p art of t he Li brary, the obj ect code for the w ork m ay be a
derivat ive wo rk of the Li brary even thoug h th e source code i s not.
Whethe r this is true is espe cial ly sign ifi cant i f the work can be l in ked withou t the Lib rary, o r if th e work is it self a lib rary. Th e threshold
for thi s to be t rue is n ot precisely def ine d by la w.
If such an o bject fil e uses on ly num erical pa ramet ers, data structure layou ts and a ccessors, and small macros and small in li ne fu nctio ns
(ten l ine s or less in l ength), th en th e use o f the obj ect fil e i s u nrestricted , rega rdless of w heth er it i s leg al ly a de rivati ve work.
(Executable s con tai ni ng th is obj ect code plu s p ortions of th e Li brary wil l sti ll fall un der Section 6.) Othe rwise, i f the work is a deri vative
of the Lib rary, you may di stribu te th e obj ect code for the w ork unde r the te rms of Section 6. Any executables conta in ing that w ork also
fal l un der Section 6, wh eth er or not they are l inked directl y with the Library itsel f.

6. As a n excepti on t o the Sections ab ove, you m ay also combi ne o r lin k a "work that u ses t he Li brary" with the Li brary to p roduce a work
contai ni ng p ortio ns of th e Li brary, and distrib ute t hat work u nde r terms of your cho ice, p rovided tha t the terms perm it m odi fi catio n of
the work f or your own u se and reverse e ngi nee ring for deb ugg ing such mod ifi catio ns. You mu st give p romi nen t not ice wi th e ach copy
of the work that t he L ibrary is used in i t and that the Li brary and its use are covered by this Li cense. You m ust supp ly a copy of t his
Licen se. If th e work duri ng e xecution di splays copyright noti ces, you mu st include t he copyright notice for the L ib rary a mon g the m, a s
wel l as a ref erence directin g the user to th e copy of t his Li cense. Also, you must do one o f the se thi ngs:
a) Accomp any the work wit h the compl ete correspondi ng m achin e-read abl e source code for the L ib rary i ncludin g wha tever chan ges
were used in th e wo rk (whi ch mu st be di stribu ted u nde r Sections 1 an d 2 a bove); and, i f the work is an e xecutabl e l inked with the
Lib rary, w ith the com pl ete m achi ne-read abl e "work that uses the Li brary", as obj ect code a nd/o r source code, so th at the user can
mod ify the Lib rary a nd th en rel ink to prod uce a m odi fied executabl e conta in ing the m odi fi ed Library. (It i s u nde rstood th at th e user
who cha nge s t he cont ents of d efi ni tio ns fil es in the Li brary wil l n ot n ecessarily be a bl e to recom pi le the ap pl icati on t o use th e
mod ifi ed d efi ni tio ns.)
b) Use a suitabl e shared li brary mechan ism f or li nking with the L ibrary. A suita bl e me chani sm is on e tha t (1) uses at run time a copy of
the l ib rary a lrea dy present o n the user's compute r system, rathe r t han copying l ib rary f uncti ons in to th e executa ble , an d (2) wil l o perat e
prope rly with a mo dif ied version of t he l ib rary, i f th e user in stall s one, as long as the modi fi ed version is in terface-comp ati bl e wi th th e
version that the work was mad e wi th.
c) Accompan y t he wo rk with a writte n of fer, vali d fo r at le ast three years, to gi ve the sam e user th e ma teria ls specified in Subsecti on 6 a,
above, for a charge no mo re tha n the cost o f pe rformi ng th is di stribut ion .
d) If di stribut ion of the work is ma de b y o fferi ng a ccess to copy from a desi gna ted p lace, offer eq ui valen t access to copy the ab ove
specifi ed m ate rial s f rom th e same pla ce.
e) Verify that t he u ser h as already received a copy of th ese ma teria ls or tha t you ha ve al ready sent th is user a copy.
For an executabl e, th e requ ired form of the "work that uses t he L ibrary" must i nclud e an y d ata and u til ity prog rams ne ede d for
reprodu cing t he executabl e from it. H owever, a s a special exception, th e m ateri als to be di stribu ted n eed not i nclud e an ythin g tha t is
norma ll y distrib uted (in ei the r source or bin ary form) wi th the ma jor com pon ents (compil er, kernel , and so on) of th e op erati ng system
on wh ich th e executa ble runs, unl ess that com pon ent itsel f accompa ni es the e xecutabl e. It may hap pen that t his requirem en t
contradi cts t he l icen se restriction s o f oth er propri eta ry l ibra ries tha t do n ot no rmal ly accomp any the opera tin g system. Such a
contradi ctio n me ans you cann ot use b oth them and the Li brary tog ethe r in a n executa ble that you distrib ute .

30

7. You m ay pla ce li brary facil iti es tha t are a w ork b ased o n the Lib rary side-by-side i n a singl e li brary tog ethe r with othe r l ibrary
facil iti es not covered by thi s L icen se, and distrib ute such a combi ned library, provide d tha t the separate distrib uti on o f the work b ased
on th e Li brary and o f the othe r lib rary f acil iti es is oth erwise p ermi tted , and provid ed th at you do the se two thin gs:
a) Accomp any the comb ine d l ibrary wi th a cop y o f the same wo rk b ased on the Lib rary, u ncomb in ed wi th a ny othe r li brary facili ti es.
This mu st be di stribu ted u nde r the te rms of the Section s a bove.
b) Give prom in ent n oti ce with the com bi ned lib rary o f the fact tha t part o f it i s a work based on the Li brary, and explai ni ng w here to
fin d the accompan ying uncomb in ed fo rm of t he sam e work.

8. You m ay not cop y, modify, subl icen se, li nk with, or di stribu te th e Li brary except as expressly provide d un der thi s Licen se. Any a ttem pt
othe rwise to copy, modify, subl icen se, li nk wit h, or di stribu te th e Li brary is void, and wil l au tom ati call y t ermi nate your righ ts unde r this
Licen se. Howe ver, parti es who h ave recei ved copi es, or righ ts, from you unde r this Li cense wi ll not h ave their l icenses term inated so
lon g as such parti es rema in in fu ll compl ia nce.

9. You are not required to accept this Li cense, sin ce you have n ot sig ned it. Ho wever, no thi ng e lse grants you pe rmission to modi fy or
distrib ute the Li brary or its d erivati ve works. These acti ons are p rohibited by l aw i f you do not accept thi s L icense. Therefo re, by
mod ifying or di stribu tin g the Li brary (or a ny work based o n th e Li brary), you ind icate your acceptan ce of thi s Licen se to do so, and all its
terms and condi ti ons for copying, d istributi ng or m odi fying the L ib rary or wo rks ba sed on i t.

10. Each ti me you redi stribute the L ibra ry (or an y w ork b ased o n the Lib rary), th e recip ien t au tom ati call y recei ves a li cense from the
origi na l l icensor to copy, distrib ute, li nk with or mo dify t he L ibrary subj ect to th ese term s a nd con ditio ns. You ma y n ot i mpo se any
furthe r restrictions on the recipie nts' exercise of the righ ts grante d he rein . You are n ot respon sibl e for enforcin g comp li ance by th ird
parti es with thi s L icense.

11. If , as a conseq uence of a court j ud gme nt or all egation of p aten t in fring em ent o r for any oth er reason (no t li mi ted to pa tent issues),
condi tio ns are im po sed on you (wheth er by court order, a greem en t or oth erwise) that contradict th e condi ti ons of t his Li cense, th ey do
not e xcuse you from th e conditi ons of t his Li cense. If you canno t distribute so as to satisfy sim ult aneously your ob li gati on s u nde r this
Licen se and any othe r pertinent obl iga tio ns, the n as a conseq uen ce you ma y n ot d istribu te th e Li brary at al l. For example, i f a p ate nt
li cense wou ld n ot permi t royalty-free red istrib uti on o f the Lib rary by a ll those wh o recei ve copie s d irectl y o r ind irectl y t hroug h you, then
the o nly wa y you could satisfy both it an d thi s Licen se woul d b e to ref rain enti rely from distrib uti on o f the L ib rary.
If any po rtion of th is section is hel d i nvalid o r unen forceabl e u nde r a ny parti cula r circumstance, th e ba lance of th e sectio n is i nten ded
to ap ply, a nd th e sectio n as a wh ole is in tend ed to apply in o the r circumstances.
It is no t the purpose o f thi s section to ind uce you to inf ringe any pat ents or ot her prop erty right claim s or to conte st vali dit y o f any such
claims; thi s section h as the sol e pu rpose of protecti ng th e in teg rity of th e free sof tware d istrib uti on system wh ich is i mp lem en ted b y
publ ic l icen se practices. Many peo pl e have m ad e gen erous con tribu tio ns to th e wi de ran ge of software distrib uted throug h tha t system
in rel ia nce on consistent a ppl icat ion of that system; it is up t o the auth or/don or to d ecide if he or she i s w il li ng to di stribut e softwa re
throug h an y o the r system a nd a li censee cann ot i mpo se that choice. This section is int end ed to make th oroug hl y clear wha t is be li eved
to be a consequ ence of the rest of this Li cense.

12. If the d istribu tio n an d/or u se of th e Li brary is restricted i n certai n coun tries ei the r by patents or by copyright ed i nterfaces, the
origi na l copyrig ht ho ld er who p la ces the Li brary und er thi s License m ay add an explicit geo graph ical distributi on l im it ati on e xcludi ng
those cou ntrie s, so that d istributi on i s p ermi tted onl y in o r amo ng coun trie s n ot th us exclude d. In such case, this Li cense incorporate s
the l im itati on as i f writt en i n the bod y o f thi s Licen se.

13. Th e Free Software Foun dat ion may pu bli sh revised a nd/o r new versio ns of the Lesser General Publi c Licen se from ti me to ti me.
Such n ew versions wil l be simi la r in spi rit to the pre sent version, but m ay dif fer in deta il to ad dress n ew proble ms or concerns. Each
version i s g iven a disti ngu ishi ng version num ber. If the Li brary specifi es a version number of this Li cense wh ich ap pli es to i t an d "any
lat er version", you ha ve the o pti on o f fol lo win g the term s a nd con dit ion s eith er of th at version or of an y l ate r version pu bli shed by t he
Free Software Found ati on. If the L ib rary d oes not specify a li cense version num ber, you m ay choose a ny version ever pu bl ished by the
Free Software Found ati on.

14. If you wish to in corporate parts of the Lib rary i nto othe r free prog rams who se distributi on con di tio ns are in compa tib le with these,
write t o the auth or to ask for pe rmi ssion. For softw are which is copyrig hted by the Free Software Fou nda tio n, wri te to t he Free Software
Found ati on; we some tim es make e xceptio ns for thi s. Our decisio n wi ll be guid ed b y t he tw o goa ls of p reserving th e free status of al l
derivat ives of ou r free software an d of p romoting the sharing and reu se of softw are ge neral ly.

15. Th e warran ty disclai me r contai ned in Sectio ns 11 and 12 of the precedi ng GPL L icense i s incorpo rated h erei n.

31

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