Fluke 290 Operating Manual

®

291, 292, 294

100 MS/s Arbitrary Waveform Generators

Users Manual

March 2006

© 2006 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and
service. The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment. Parts, product repairs, and
services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of
a Fluke authorized reseller, and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries, or to any product which, in
Fluke's opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by accident or abnormal
conditions of operation or handling. Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance
with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non-defective media.
Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without interruption.

Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers
only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is
available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the
applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of
repair/replacement parts when product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.

Fluke's warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke's option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge repair,
or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the
warranty period.

To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return
authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty,
postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following
warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke
determines that failure was caused by neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident, or abnormal
condition of operation or handling, including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the product’s
specified rating, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components, Fluke will provide an estimate of repair
costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be returned to
the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges
(FOB Shipping Point).

THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE
FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES,
INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.

Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty, or exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not
apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other
decision-maker of competent jurisdiction, such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other
provision.

Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090
Everett, WA 98206-9090
U.S.A.

Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 1186
5602 BD Eindhoven
The Netherlands

11/99

To register your product online, visit register.fluke.com

Safety

This generator is a Safety Class I instrument according to IEC classification and has been
designed to meet the requirements of EN61010-1:2001 (Safety Requirements for
Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use). It is an Installation
Category II instrument intended for operation from a normal single phase supply.

This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010-1, CSA 22.2 No. 61010-1­04 and UL 61010A-1 and has been supplied in a safe condition. This instruction manual
contains some information and warnings which have to be followed by the user to ensure
safe operation and to retain the instrument in a safe condition.

This instrument has been designed for indoor use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment in
the temperature range 5 °C to 40 °C, 20 % - 80 % RH (non-condensing). It may
occasionally be subjected to temperatures between +5 °C and -10 °C without degradation
of its safety. Do not operate the instrument while condensation is present.

Use of this instrument in a manner not specified by these instructions may impair the
safety protection provided. Do not operate the instrument outside its rated supply
voltages or environmental range.

Warning

To avoid the possibility of electric shock:

• This instrument must be earthed.

• Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or

outside the instrument will make the instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. The
protective action must not be negated by the use of an
extension cord without a protective conductor.

• When the instrument is connected to its supply, terminals
may be live and opening the covers or removal of parts
(except those to which access can be gained by hand) is
likely to expose live parts.

• Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before
opening it for any adjustment, replacement, maintenance
or repair.

• Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened
instrument under voltage shall be avoided as far as
possible and, if inevitable, shall be carried out only by a
skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.

• Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current
and of the specified type are used for replacement. The use
of makeshift fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse holders
is prohibited.

Caution

If the instrument is clearly defective, has been subject to
mechanical damage, excessive moisture or chemical corrosion
the safety protection may be impaired and the apparatus should
be withdrawn from use and returned for checking and repair.

i

Note

This instrument uses a Lithium button cell for non-volatile memory battery
back-up. Typical battery life is 5 years. In the event of replacement
becoming necessary, replace only with a cell of the correct type, a 3 V
Li/Mn0

20 mm button cell type 2032. Do not mix with solid waste stream.

2

Do not cut open, incinerate, expose to temperatures above 60 °C or attempt
to recharge. Used batteries should be disposed of by a qualified recycler or
hazardous materials handler. Contact your authorized Fluke Service
Center for recycling information.

Caution

Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use
only a soft dry cloth to clean the LCD window.

The following symbols are used on the instrument and in this manual:

Caution - refer to the accompanying documentation,

incorrect operation may damage the instrument.
Mains supply OFF.
Mains supply ON.
Alternating current.

Warning - hazardous voltages may be present.

Conforms to European Union directives:

EN61010-1-2001, EN61326

Verified by MET to be in conformance with relevant US

and Canadian Standards:

CSA 22.2 No. 61010-1-04, UL 61010A-1

Do not mix with solid waste stream. Dispose using a

qualified recycler or hazardous material handler.

Protective Earth (Ground)

ii

EMC Compliance

This instrument meets the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC.
Compliance was demonstrated by meeting the test limits of the following standards:

Emissions

EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use. Test limits used were:

a) Radiated: Class A
b) Conducted: Class B
c) Harmonics:

Immunity

EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control and Laboratory Use. Test methods, limits and performance achieved were:

a) EN61000-4-2 (1995)

b) EN61000-4-3 (1997)

c) EN61000-4-11 (1994)

d) EN61000-4-4 (1995)

e) EN61000-4-5 (1995)

f) EN61000-4-6 (1996)

According to EN61326 the definitions of performance criteria are:

EN61000-3-2 (2000) Class A;

Electrostatic Discharge: 4 kV air, 4 kV contact

Electromagnetic Field: 3 V/m, 80 % AM at 1 kHz

Voltage Interrupt: 1 cycle, 100 %

Fast Transient: 1 kV peak (ac line), 0.5 kV peak (signal lines
and RS232/GPIB ports)

Surge: 0.5 kV (line to line), 1 kV (line to ground)

Conducted RF: 3 V, 80 % AM at 1 kHz (AC line only; signal
connections <3 m not tested)

the instrument is Class A by product category.

Performance A.

Performance A.

Performance A.

Performance A.

Performance A.

Performance A.

Performance criterion A: ‘During test normal performance within the specification

limits.’

Performance criterion B: ‘During test, temporary degradation, or loss of function or

performance which is self-recovering’.

Performance criterion C: ‘During test, temporary degradation, or loss of function or

performance which requires operator intervention or system
reset occurs.’

Cautions

To ensure continued compliance with the EMC directive the
following precautions should be observed:

a) connect the generator to other equipment using only high
quality, double-screened cables.

iii

b) after opening the case for any reason ensure that all signal
and ground connections are remade correctly before replacing
the cover. Always ensure all case screws are correctly refitted
and tightened.

c) In the event of part replacement becoming necessary, only
use components of an identical type, see the Service Manual.

iv

Table of Contents

Chapter Title Page

Safety.................................................................................................... i

EMC Compliance .............................................................................................. iii

Emissions....................................................................................................... iii

Immunity ....................................................................................................... iii

1 Introduction and Specifications......................................................... 1-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-2

Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-2

Specifications..................................................................................................... 1-4

Waveforms .................................................................................................... 1-4

Standard Waveforms................................................................................. 1-4

Arbitrary Waveforms................................................................................ 1-5

Sequence ................................................................................................... 1-5

Output Filter.............................................................................................. 1-5

Noise ......................................................................................................... 1-5

Operating modes............................................................................................ 1-6

Triggered Burst ......................................................................................... 1-6

Gated......................................................................................................... 1-6

Sweep........................................................................................................ 1-6

Tone Switching ......................................................................................... 1-7

Trigger Generator...................................................................................... 1-7

Outputs .......................................................................................................... 1-7

Main Output.............................................................................................. 1-7

Sync Output............................................................................................... 1-8

Auxiliary sine out...................................................................................... 1-8

System clock ............................................................................................. 1-8

Inputs............................................................................................................. 1-8

Trig In ....................................................................................................... 1-8

Modulation In............................................................................................ 1-8

Sum In....................................................................................................... 1-9

Hold........................................................................................................... 1-9

Ref Clock In/Out....................................................................................... 1-9

Arb Clock In/Out....................................................................................... 1-9

Inter-Channel Operation................................................................................ 1-9

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Inter-Channel Modulation:........................................................................ 1-9

Inter-Channel Analog Summing:.............................................................. 1-10

Inter-Channel Synchronization: ................................................................ 1-10

Inter-Channel Triggering: ......................................................................... 1-10

Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 1-11

General .......................................................................................................... 1-11

2 Installation ........................................................................................... 2-1

AC Supply Voltage............................................................................................ 2-2

Fuse ............................................................................................................... 2-2

AC Supply Cable........................................................................................... 2-2

Mounting............................................................................................................ 2-2

Ventilation ......................................................................................................... 2-2

3 Connections......................................................................................... 3-1

Front panel connections..................................................................................... 3-2

MAIN OUT................................................................................................... 3-2

SYNC OUT................................................................................................... 3-2

TRIG IN ........................................................................................................ 3-3

SUM IN......................................................................................................... 3-3

MODULATION............................................................................................ 3-3

Rear Panel Connections..................................................................................... 3-3

REF CLOCK IN/OUT................................................................................... 3-3

HOLD IN....................................................................................................... 3-3

ARB CLOCK IN/OUT.................................................................................. 3-4

MAIN OUT................................................................................................... 3-4

RS232............................................................................................................ 3-4

GPIB (IEEE-488) .......................................................................................... 3-5

USB ............................................................................................................... 3-5

MEMORY CARD......................................................................................... 3-5

4 Initial Operation................................................................................... 4-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 4-2

Initial Operation................................................................................................. 4-2

Switching On................................................................................................. 4-2

Display Contrast............................................................................................ 4-2

Keyboard ....................................................................................................... 4-2

Principles of Editing .......................................................................................... 4-3

Principles of Operation...................................................................................... 4-5

Clock Synthesis Mode................................................................................... 4-5

DDS Mode..................................................................................................... 4-6

5 Standard Waveforms .......................................................................... 5-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 5-2

Standard Waveform Operation.......................................................................... 5-2

Setting Generator Parameters ............................................................................ 5-2

Waveform Selection...................................................................................... 5-2

Frequency...................................................................................................... 5-2

Amplitude...................................................................................................... 5-3

DC Offset ...................................................................................................... 5-4

Warning and Error Messages............................................................................. 5-5

Synchronization Output..................................................................................... 5-6

vi

Contents (continued)

6 Sweep Operation................................................................................. 6-1

General............................................................................................................... 6-2

Principles of Sweep Operation...................................................................... 6-2

Connections for Sweep Operation................................................................. 6-2

Setting sweep parameters................................................................................... 6-2

Sweep Range................................................................................................. 6-3

Sweep Time................................................................................................... 6-3

Sweep Type................................................................................................... 6-4

Sweep Spacing............................................................................................... 6-5

Sweep Marker................................................................................................ 6-5

Sweep Hold ................................................................................................... 6-5

7 Triggered Burst and Gate................................................................... 7-1

General............................................................................................................... 7-2

Internal Trigger Generator............................................................................. 7-2

External Trigger Input................................................................................... 7-2

Adjacent Channel Trigger Output ................................................................. 7-3

Triggered Burst.................................................................................................. 7-3

Trigger Source............................................................................................... 7-4

Trigger Edge.................................................................................................. 7-4

Burst Count.................................................................................................... 7-4

Start Phase..................................................................................................... 7-5

Manual Initialization of Inter-Channel Triggering........................................ 7-5

Gated mode........................................................................................................ 7-6

Gate Source ................................................................................................... 7-6

Gate Polarity.................................................................................................. 7-6

Start Phase..................................................................................................... 7-6

Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Modes................................................. 7-7

8 Tone Mode ........................................................................................... 8-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 8-2

Tone Frequency............................................................................................. 8-2

Tone Type...................................................................................................... 8-2

Tone Switching Source.................................................................................. 8-3

DTMF Testing With Two Sources................................................................ 8-3

9 Arbitrary Waveform Generation......................................................... 9-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 9-2

Arbitrary Waveform Terms........................................................................... 9-2

Principles of Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Modification...................... 9-2

Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms................................................ 9-3

Creating New Waveforms............................................................................. 9-4

Create Blank Waveform............................................................................ 9-4

Create Waveform Copy............................................................................. 9-4

Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms................................................................... 9-5

Resize Waveform...................................................................................... 9-5

Rename Waveform.................................................................................... 9-6

Waveform Info.......................................................................................... 9-6

Delete Waveform...................................................................................... 9-6

Edit Waveform.......................................................................................... 9-7

Point Edit................................................................................................... 9-7

Line Edit.................................................................................................... 9-7

Wave Insert ............................................................................................... 9-8

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Block Copy ............................................................................................... 9-8

Waveform Amplitude................................................................................ 9-9

Waveform Offset....................................................................................... 9-10

Wave Invert............................................................................................... 9-10

Position Markers ....................................................................................... 9-10

Arbitrary Waveform Sequence.......................................................................... 9-11

Sequence Set-Up ........................................................................................... 9-12

Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms......................... 9-13

Frequency...................................................................................................... 9-13

Amplitude...................................................................................................... 9-15

Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms................................................... 9-15

Waveform Hold in Arbitrary Mode................................................................... 9-15

Output Filter Setting .......................................................................................... 9-16

10 Pulse and Pulse-trains........................................................................ 10-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 10-2

Pulse Set-Up ...................................................................................................... 10-2

Pulse-Train Set-Up ............................................................................................ 10-4

Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse-Train Modes ............................................. 10-8

11 Modulation ........................................................................................... 11-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 11-2

External VCA................................................................................................ 11-2

External SCM................................................................................................ 11-3

Internal Modulation ........................................................................................... 11-3

12 Sum....................................................................................................... 12-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 12-2

External Sum...................................................................................................... 12-2

Internal Sum....................................................................................................... 12-3

13 Synchronizing...................................................................................... 13-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 13-2

Inter-Channel Synchronization.......................................................................... 13-2

Synchronizing Principles............................................................................... 13-2

Master-Slave Allocation................................................................................ 13-2

Phase-Setting Between Channels .................................................................. 13-4

Other Synchronizing Considerations............................................................. 13-4

Synchronizing two generators............................................................................ 13-5

Connections for Synchronization .................................................................. 13-6

Generator Set-Ups......................................................................................... 13-6

Synchronizing................................................................................................ 13-7

14 Memory Card ....................................................................................... 14-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 14-2

Card Sizes and Formats ..................................................................................... 14-2

Formatting.......................................................................................................... 14-3

Saving Files to a Memory Card......................................................................... 14-3

Avoiding Long Filenames............................................................................. 14-3

Storing and Recalling Set-Ups........................................................................... 14-3

Sorting Files....................................................................................................... 14-5

viii

Contents (continued)

15 System Operations from the Utility Menu......................................... 15-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 15-2

Channel Waveform Information........................................................................ 15-2

Warnings and Error Messages........................................................................... 15-2

Remote Interface Set-Up.................................................................................... 15-2

SYS/REF Clock In/Out and System Clock Setting ........................................... 15-2

Power On Setting............................................................................................... 15-3

System Information............................................................................................ 15-3

Calibration ......................................................................................................... 15-4

Copying Channel Set-Ups ................................................................................. 15-4

16 Calibration............................................................................................ 16-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 16-2

Equipment Required.......................................................................................... 16-2

Calibration Procedure ........................................................................................ 16-2

Setting the Password...................................................................................... 16-2

Password Access to Calibration .................................................................... 16-3

Changing the Password ................................................................................. 16-3

Calibration Routine............................................................................................ 16-3

Remote Calibration............................................................................................ 16-6

17 Remote Operation ............................................................................... 17-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 17-2

Address and Baud Rate Selection...................................................................... 17-2

Remote/Local Operation.................................................................................... 17-2

RS232 interface.................................................................................................. 17-3

Single Instrument RS232 Connections.......................................................... 17-3

Addressable RS232 Connections................................................................... 17-3

RS232 Character Set...................................................................................... 17-4

Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes................................................ 17-4

Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes............................. 17-6

USB Interface .................................................................................................... 17-6

GPIB Interface................................................................................................... 17-6

GPIB Subsets................................................................................................. 17-7

GPIB IEEE Std. 488.2 Error Handling.......................................................... 17-7

GPIB Parallel Poll ......................................................................................... 17-7

Status Reporting................................................................................................. 17-8

Standard Event Status and Standard Event Status Enable Registers............. 17-8

Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register........................... 17-9

Power-On Settings......................................................................................... 17-10

Remote commands............................................................................................. 17-10

RS232 Remote Command Formats............................................................... 17-10

GPIB Remote Command Formats................................................................. 17-11

Command List............................................................................................... 17-11

Channel Selection...................................................................................... 17-12

Frequency and Period................................................................................ 17-12

Amplitude and DC Offset ......................................................................... 17-12

Waveform Selection.................................................................................. 17-13

Arbitrary Waveform Create and Delete.................................................... 17-13

Arbitrary Waveform Editing..................................................................... 17-15

Waveform Sequence Control.................................................................... 17-17

Mode Commands...................................................................................... 17-18

Input/Output Control................................................................................. 17-18

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Modulation Commands............................................................................. 17-19

Synchronizing Commands ........................................................................ 17-19

Status Commands...................................................................................... 17-19

Miscellaneous Commands ........................................................................ 17-21

Remote Command Summary............................................................................. 17-22

18 Maintenance......................................................................................... 18-1

Introduction........................................................................................................ 18-2

Cleaning............................................................................................................. 18-2

Appendices

A AC Supply Voltage ..................................................................................... A-1

B Warning and Error Messages...................................................................... B-1

C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings ................................................................. C-1

D Factory System Defaults ............................................................................. D-1

E Waveform Manager Plus............................................................................. E-1

F Block Diagrams........................................................................................... F-1

G Front and Rear Panel Drawings................................................................... G-1

List of Figures

Figure Title Page

4-1. Single-Channel Simplified Block Diagram............................................................ 4-6

4-2. Clock Synthesis Mode............................................................................................ 4-6

4-3. Direct Digital Synthesis Mode............................................................................... 4-7

8-1. Tone Waveform Types........................................................................................... 8-3

17-1. Single Instrument RS232 Connections .................................................................. 17-3

17-2. RS232 Daisy-Chained Instruments ........................................................................ 17-3

17-3. RS232 Daisy-Chain Connector Wiring.................................................................. 17-4

17-4. Status Model........................................................................................................... 17-9

1-1. Mains transformer connections.............................................................................. 1-2

F-1. Block Diagram: Single Channel............................................................................. F-1

F-2. Inter-Channel Block Diagram ................................................................................ F-2

G-1. Model 291 Front Panel........................................................................................... G-1

G-2. Model 292 Front Panel........................................................................................... G-2

G-3. Model 294 Front Panel........................................................................................... G-2

G-4. Model 291 Rear Panel............................................................................................ G-2

G-5. Model 294 Rear Panel............................................................................................ G-3

x

Chapter 1

Introduction and Specifications

Title Page

Introduction........................................................................................................ 1-2

Specifications..................................................................................................... 1-4

Waveforms .................................................................................................... 1-4

Standard Waveforms................................................................................. 1-4

Arbitrary Waveforms................................................................................ 1-5

Sequence ................................................................................................... 1-5

Output Filter.............................................................................................. 1-5

Noise ......................................................................................................... 1-5

Operating modes............................................................................................ 1-6

Triggered Burst ......................................................................................... 1-6

Gated......................................................................................................... 1-6

Sweep........................................................................................................ 1-6

Tone Switching ......................................................................................... 1-7

Trigger Generator...................................................................................... 1-7

Outputs .......................................................................................................... 1-7

Main Output.............................................................................................. 1-7

Sync Output............................................................................................... 1-8

Auxiliary sine out...................................................................................... 1-8

System clock ............................................................................................. 1-8

Inputs............................................................................................................. 1-8

Trig In ....................................................................................................... 1-8

Modulation In............................................................................................ 1-8

Sum In....................................................................................................... 1-9

Hold........................................................................................................... 1-9

Ref Clock In/Out....................................................................................... 1-9

Arb Clock In/Out....................................................................................... 1-9

Inter-Channel Operation................................................................................ 1-9

Inter-Channel Modulation:........................................................................ 1-9

Inter-Channel Analog Summing:.............................................................. 1-10

Inter-Channel Synchronization: ................................................................ 1-10

Inter-Channel Triggering: ......................................................................... 1-10

Interfaces ....................................................................................................... 1-11

General .......................................................................................................... 1-11

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Introduction

This range of synthesized programmable arbitrary waveform generators have the
following features:

• 1, 2 or 4 independent arb channels

• Additional DC to 50MHz fixed amplitude sine and squarewave outputs on 2- and

4-channel instruments

• Up to 100 MHz sampling frequency

• Sinewaves up to 40 MHz, squarewaves up to 50 MHz

• Output level 2.5 mV to 10 V p-p into 50 Ω with 12 bit vertical resolution

• 1 M points horizontal resolution per channel

• Compact Flash card for non-volatile waveform memory

• Waveform linking, looping and sequencing

• Inter-channel triggering, summing, modulation and phase control

• GPIB, RS232 and USB interfaces

The instruments use a combination of direct digital synthesis and variable clock
techniques to provide high performance and extensive facilities in a compact package.
They can generate a wide variety of waveforms between 0·1 mHz and 50 MHz with high
resolution and accuracy.

Arbitrary waveforms may be defined with 12 bit vertical resolution and from 8 to
1,048,576 horizontal points. In addition a number of standard waveforms are available
including sine, square, triangle, ramp and pulse.

Arbitrary waveforms may be replayed at a user specified waveform frequency or period,
or the sample rate may be defined in terms of period or frequency. Alternatively, an
external arb clock may be used at frequencies up to 50 MHz.

Extensive waveform editing features between defined start and end points are
incorporated, including waveform insert, point edit, line draw, amplitude adjust and
invert. More comprehensive features are available using the arbitrary waveform creation
software supplied. This is a powerful Windows-based design tool that enables the user to
create waveforms from mathematical expressions, from combinations of other
waveforms, freehand, or using a combination of all three techniques. Waveforms created
in this way can be downloaded via the RS232, GPIB or USB interfaces, or they can be
transferred to the generator on a removable memory card, written to by the PC using the
USB-connected card reader/writer provided.

1-2

Up to 500 different waveforms may be stored with the length and name specified by the
user; the total size of all the waveforms stored is limited only by the size of the memory
card. Waveforms may be linked together to form a sequence of up to 1024 steps. Each
waveform may have a user defined repeat count from 1 to 32,768.

Introduction and Specifications

Introduction 1

All waveforms can be swept over their full frequency range at a rate variable between
1 millisecond and 15 minutes. Sweep can be linear or logarithmic, single or continuous.
Single sweeps can be triggered from the front panel, the trigger input, or the digital
interfaces. A sweep marker is provided.

Amplitude modulation is available for all waveforms and is controlled from the previous
channel or from an external generator via the

MODULATION input socket.

Signal summing is available for all waveforms and is controlled from the previous
channel or from an external generator via the

SUM input socket.

All waveforms are available as a triggered burst, whereby each active edge of the trigger
signal will produce one burst of the carrier. The number of cycles in the burst can be set
between 1 and 1,048,575. The gated mode turns the output signal on when the gating
signal is true and off when it is false. Both triggered and gated modes can be operated
from the previous or next channel, from the internal trigger generator (0.005 Hz to
100 kHz), from an external source (dc to 1 MHz) or by a key press or remote command.

Any number of channels can be synchronized with user defined phase angle between
channels. This can be used to generate multi-phase waveforms or synchronized
waveforms of different frequencies.

The signals from the

REF IN/OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to

synchronize two instruments where more than 4 channels are required.
The generator parameters are clearly displayed on a backlit LCD with 4 rows of

20 characters. Soft-keys and sub menus are used to guide the user through even the most
complex functions.

All parameters can be entered directly from the numeric keypad. Alternatively most
parameters can be incremented or decremented using the rotary control. This system
combines quick and easy numeric data entry with quasi-analogue adjustment when
required.

The generator has RS232, GPIB and USB interfaces as standard which can be used for
remote control of all of the instrument functions or for the down-loading of arbitrary
waveforms. As well as operating in conventional RS232 mode the serial interface can
also be used in addressable mode whereby up to 32 instruments can be linked to a single
PC serial port.

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Specifications

Waveforms

Standard Waveforms

Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine

Specifications apply at 18 to 28 ºC after 30 minutes warm-up, at maximum output into
50 Ω.

Sine, square, triangle, DC, positive ramp, negative ramp, sin(x)/x, pulse, pulse train,
cosine, haversine and havercosine.

Range: 0·1 mHz to 40 MHz
Resolution: 0·1 mHz or 10 digits
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Temperature stability: Typically <1 ppm/ºC.
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10 V p-p into 50 Ω
Harmonic distortion: <0.15 % THD to 100 kHz;

<-60 dBc to 20 kHz
<-50 dBc to 1 MHz,
<-40 dBc to 10 MHz
<-30 dBc to 40 MHz

Non-harmonic spurious: <-60 dBc to 1 MHz,

<-60 dBc +6 dB/octave 1 MHz to 40 MHz

Square

Range: 1 mHz to 50 MHz
Resolution: 1 mHz or 8 digits
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10V p-p into 50 Ω
Rise and fall times: <8 ns

Triangle

Range: 0.1 mHz to 500 kHz
Resolution: 0.1 mHz or 10 digits
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10V p-p into 50 Ω
Linearity error: <0.1 % to 30 kHz

Ramps and sin(x)/x

Range: 0.1 mHz to 500 kHz
Resolution: 0.1 mHz (10 digits)
Accuracy: 10 ppm for 1 year
Output level: 2.5 mV to 10V p-p into 50 Ω
Linearity error: <0.1 % to 30 kHz

1-4

Introduction and Specifications

Specifications 1

Pulse and Pulse Train

Output level: 2.5 mV to 10V p-p into 50 Ω
Rise and fall times: <8 ns
Period:

range:
resolution:
accuracy:

Delay:
range:
resolution:

40 ns to 100 s
8 digits
10 ppm for 1 year

−99·99 s to +99·99 s
0·001 % of period or 10 ns, whichever is greater (8 digits)

Width:
range:
resolution:

Note that the pulse width and absolute value of the delay may not exceed the pulse period
at any time.

Pulse trains of up to 10 pulses may be specified, each pulse having independently defined
width, delay and level. The baseline voltage is separately defined and the sequence
repetition rate is set by the pulse train period.

Arbitrary Waveforms

Up to 500 user defined waveforms may be stored on the removable memory card.
Waveforms can be defined by front panel editing controls, by downloading of waveform
data via RS232, GPIB or USB, or by writing directly to the removable memory card
using the USB card reader/writer connected to a PC.

Waveform memory size: 1 M points per channel.

Vertical resolution: 12 bits
Sample clock range:

resolution:
accuracy:

Sequence

Up to 1024 waveforms may be linked. Each waveform can have a loop count of up to
32,768.

10 ns to 99·99 s
0·001 % of period or 10 ns, whichever is greater (8 digits)

Minimum waveform size is 8 points

100 mHz to 100 MHz
8 digits
10 ppm for 1 year

A sequence of waveforms can be looped up to 1,048,575 times or run continuously.

Output Filter

Selectable between 40 MHz elliptic, 20 MHz Bessel or none.

Noise

Digital noise generated by a 35-bit linear feedback register clocked at 100 MHz. User’s
external filter defines bandwidth and response.

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Operating modes

Triggered Burst

Gated

Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform.
Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary

Maximum carrier frequency: The smaller of 2.5 MHz or the maximum for the

selected waveform. 100 Msamples/s for arb or sequence.
Number of cycles: 1 to 1,048,575
Trigger repetition rate: 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal, dc to 1 MHz external.
Trigger signal source: Internal from keyboard or trigger generator.

External from

TRIG IN or remote interface.

Trigger start/stop phase: ±360 °, settable with 0.1 ° resolution, subject to

waveform frequency and type.

Waveform runs while the gate signal is true and stops while false.

Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary.
Maximum carrier frequency: The smaller of 2.5 MHz or the maximum for the

selected waveform. 100 Msamples/s for arb or sequence.

Trigger repetition rate: 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal, dc to 1 MHz external.
Gate signal source: Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel

or trigger generator.

External from

TRIG IN or remote interface.

Gate start/stop phase: ±360 °, settable with 0.1 ° resolution, subject to

waveform frequency and type.

Sweep

Frequency sweep capability is provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms.
Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS
techniques are used to perform the sweep.

Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary except pulse, pulse train and

sequence.

Sweep mode: Linear or logarithmic, triggered or continuous.
Sweep direction: Up, down, up/down or down/up.
Sweep range: From 1 mHz to 40 MHz in one range. Phase continuous.

Independent setting of the start and stop frequency.

Sweep time: 1 ms to 999 s (3 digit resolution).
Marker: Variable during sweep.
Sweep trigger source: The sweep may be free run or triggered from the

following sources: manually from keyboard, externally

TRIG IN input or remote interface.

from

Sweep hold: Sweep can be held and restarted by the

HOLD key.

1-6

Introduction and Specifications

Specifications 1

Multi channel sweep Any number of channels may be swept simultaneously

with independent sweep parameters for each channel.

Amplitude, Offset and Waveform can be set

independently for each channel.

Tone Switching

Capability provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are
expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to allow
instantaneous frequency switching.

Carrier waveforms: All waveforms except pulse, pulse train and sequence.
Frequency list: Up to 16 frequencies from 1 mHz to 40 MHz.
Trigger repetition rate: 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal; dc to 1 MHz external.

Usable repetition rate and waveform frequency depend

on the tone switching mode.

Source: Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel

or trigger generator.

External from

TRIG IN or remote interface.

Tone switching modes:
gated The tone is output while the trigger signal is true and

stopped, at the end of the current waveform cycle, while

the trigger signal is false. The next tone is output when

the trigger signal is true again.

triggered The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and

the next tone is output, at the end of the current

waveform cycle, when the trigger signal goes true again.

FSK The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and

the next tone is output, immediately, when the trigger

signal goes true again.
Using two channels or two instruments with their outputs summed together it is possible

to generate DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency) test signals.

Trigger Generator

Internal source 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz square wave adjustable in 10 µs steps. 3 digit
resolution. Available for external use from any

SYNC OUT socket.

Outputs

Main Output - one for each channel

Output impedance: 50 Ω
Amplitude: 5 mV to 20 V p-p open circuit (2.5 mV to 10V p-p into

50 Ω). Amplitude can be specified open circuit (hi Z) or

into an assumed load of 50 Ω or 600 Ω in V p-p, Vrms

or dBm.
Amplitude accuracy: 2 % ±1 mV at 1 kHz into 50 Ω.
Amplitude flatness: ±0.2 dB to 1 MHz; ±0.4 dB to 40 MHz
DC offset range: ±10 V.

DC offset plus signal peak limited to ±10 V from 50 Ω.
DC offset accuracy: Typically 3 % ±10 mV, unattenuated.

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Resolution: 3 digits or 1 mV for both amplitude and dc offset.

Sync Output - one for each channel

Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following:
Waveform sync (all

waveforms):

A square wave with 50 % duty cycle at the main
waveform frequency, or a pulse coincident with the first
few points of an arbitrary waveform.

Position markers (arbitrary
only):

Any point(s) on the waveform may have associated

marker bit(s) set high or low.
Burst done: Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of a burst.
Sequence sync: Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform

sequence.
Trigger: Selects the current trigger signal. Useful for

synchronizing burst or gated signals.
Sweep sync: Outputs a trigger signal at the start of sweep to

synchronize an oscilloscope or recorder. Can

additionally output a sweep marker.
Phase lock out: Used to synchronize two generators. Produces a positive

edge at the 0 ° phase point.
Output signal level: Logic levels of <0.8 V and >3 V, except for sweep sync.

Sweep sync is a 3-level waveform: low at start of sweep,

high for the duration of the last frequency step at end of

sweep, with a narrow 1 V pulses at each marker point.

Auxiliary sine out

Frequency range: DC to 50 MHz, set by system clock
Output signal level: 1 V p-p into 50 Ω

System clock

Frequency range:: DC to 50 MHz, 0.1 Hz resolution

Inputs

Trig In

Frequency range: DC to 1 MHz.
Signal range: Threshold level adjustable ±5 V; maximum input ±10 V
Minimum pulse width: 50 ns for trigger and gate modes; 50 µs for Sweep mode.
Polarity: Selectable as high/rising edge or low/falling edge.
Input impedance: 10 kΩ

Modulation In

Frequency range: DC to 100 kHz.
Signal range: VCA: Approximately 1 V p-p for 100 % level change at

maximum output; maximum input ±10 V.
SCM: Approximately ±1 V peak for maximum output.

1-8

Introduction and Specifications

Specifications 1

Input impedance: Typically 1 kΩ.

Sum In

Frequency range: DC to 30 MHz (25 MHz on 2- and 4-channel

instruments)

Signal range: Approximately 2 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output;

maximum input ±10 V.

Input impedance: Typically 1 kΩ.

Hold

Holds an arbitrary waveform at its current position. A TTL low level or switch closure
causes the waveform to stop at the current position and wait until a TTL high level or
switch opening which allows the waveform to continue. The front panel

MAN HOLD

key or remote command may also be used to control the hold function. The HOLD input
may be enabled independently for each channel.

Input impedance: 10 kΩ
Maximum input: ±10 V.

Ref Clock In/Out

Set to input: Input for an external 10 MHz reference clock.

TTL/CMOS threshold level.

Set to output: Buffered version of the internal 10 MHz clock. Output

levels nominally 1 V and 4 V from 50 Ω.

Set to phase lock: Used together with

TRIG IN

on a slave to synchronize (phase lock) two

SYNC OUT on a master and

separate generators.

Maximum input: +5 V, -1 V

Arb Clock In/Out

Set to input: Input for external arb clock.

Set to output: Outputs system clock;

Frequency range: DC to 50 MHz
Maximum input voltage: +5 V, -1 V

Inter-Channel Operation

Inter-Channel Modulation:

The waveform from any channel may be used to amplitude modulate (AM) or suppressed
carrier modulate (SCM) the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be
modulated (AM or SCM) with the signal at the

Carrier frequency: Entire range for selected waveform.
Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary waveforms.
Modulation types:

AM
SCM

TTL/CMOS threshold level.

logic levels <0.8 V and >3 V.

MODULATION input socket.

Double sideband with carrier.
Double sideband suppressed carrier.

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Inter-Channel Analog Summing:

Modulation source: Internal from the previous channel;

external from modulation input socket.
The external modulation signal may be applied to any

number of channels simultaneously.
Frequency range: DC to >100 kHz.
Internal AM:

depth:
resolution:

0 % to 105 %

1 %.
Carrier suppression (SCM): >40 dB.
External modulation signal

range: VCA:
SCM:

Approximately 1 V p-p for 100 % level change at

maximum output.

Approximately ±1 V pk for maximum output.

Waveform summing sums the waveform from any channel into the next channel.
Alternatively any number of channels may be summed with the signal at the

socket.
Carrier frequency: Entire range for selected waveform.
Carrier waveforms: All standard and arbitrary waveforms.
Sum source: Internal from the previous channel;

Frequency range: DC to >25 MHz.
External signal range: Approximately 5 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output.

Inter-Channel Synchronization:

Two or more channels may be synchronized together. Each synchronized channel may
be assigned a phase angle relative to the other locked channels. Arbitrary waveforms and
waveform sequences may be synchronized but certain constraints apply to waveform
lengths and clock frequency ratios. With one channel assigned as the master and other
channels as slaves a frequency change on the master will be repeated on each slave thus
allowing easy generation of multi-phase waveforms at the same frequency.

Channels may be clocked using the master channel, the system clock or an external arb
clock.

Phase resolution:
DDS waveforms:
non-DDS waveforms:

Phase error:
all waveforms:

The signals from the

REF IN/OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to

phase lock two instruments where more than four channels are required.

SUM input

external from

SUM IN socket.

0.1 degree

0.1 degree or 360 degrees divided by the number of

points, whichever is the greater.

<±6 ns (internal clock),

<±5 ns (external arb or system clock)

1-10

Inter-Channel Triggering:

Any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel.

Introduction and Specifications

Specifications 1

The previous/next connections can be used to daisy chain a trigger signal from a start
channel, through a number of channels in the chain to an end channel. Each channel
receives the trigger out signal from the previous (or next) channel, and drives its selected
trigger out to the next (or previous) channel. The end channel trigger out can be set up to
drive the start channel, thus closing the loop.

In this way, complex and versatile inter-channel trigger schemes may be set up. Each
channel can have its trigger out and its output waveform set up independently. Trigger
out may be selected from

Sequence Sync

Waveform End, Position Markers,

or Burst Done.

Interfaces

Full remote control facilities are available through the RS232, USB or GPIB interfaces.

RS232: Variable Baud rate, 38,400 Baud maximum. 9-pin D-connector.
IEEE−488: Conforms with IEEE488.1 and IEEE488.2
USB 1.1

General

Display: 20 character x 4 row alphanumeric LCD.
Data entry: Keyboard selection of mode, waveform etc.; value entry direct

by numeric keys or by rotary control.

Memory card: Removable memory card conforming to the Compact Flash

memory card standard. Sizes from 32 MB to 1 GB can be used.

Stored settings: Up to 500 complete instrument set-ups may be stored and

recalled from the memory card. Up to 500 arbitrary waveforms
can also be stored, independently of the instrument settings.

Size: 3U (130 mm) high;

212 mm (½ rack) wide (single channel),
350 mm wide (2- and 4-channel);
335 mm deep.

Weight: 4.1 kg (9 lb) (single channel),

7.2 kg (16 lb) (2- and 4-channel).

Power: 220-240 V nominal 50/60Hz;

110-120 V or 100 V nominal 50/60/400 Hz;
nominal voltage adjustable internally;
operating range ±10 % of nominal;
60 VA max (single channel),
100 VA max (2-channel),
150 VA max (4-channel).

Installation Category II.
Operating Range: +5 °C to 40 °C, 20 to 80 % RH.
Storage Range: −20 °C to + 60 °C
Environmental: Indoor use at altitudes up to 2000 m, Pollution Degree 2.
Options: 19 inch rack mounting kit.
Safety: Complies with EN61010−1, CSA 22.2 No. 61010-1-04 and

UL 61010A-1
EMC: Complies with EN61326

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1-12

Chapter 2

Installation

Title Page

AC Supply Voltage............................................................................................ 2-2

Fuse ............................................................................................................... 2-2

AC Supply Cable........................................................................................... 2-2

Mounting............................................................................................................ 2-2

Ventilation ......................................................................................................... 2-2

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AC Supply Voltage

Fuse

AC Supply Cable

Check that the instrument operating voltage marked on the rear panel is correct for the
local supply. If it is necessary to change the operating voltage, follow the procedure
described in Appendix A.

Ensure that the correct mains fuse is fitted for the set operating voltage. The correct
mains fuse types are listed in Appendix A, together with instructions for fuse
replacement.

Warning

To avoid the possibility of electric shock, this instrument must
be earthed. Any interruption of the mains earth conductor
inside or outside the instrument will make the instrument
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. The
protective action must not be negated by the use of an
extension cord without a protective conductor.

When a three core mains lead with bare ends is provided it should be connected as
follows:-

Mounting

This instrument is suitable both for bench use and rack mounting. It is delivered with
feet for bench mounting. The front feet include a tilt mechanism for optimal panel angle.

A rack kit for mounting in a 19-inch rack is available from the manufacturers.

Ventilation

A fan is fitted to the rear panel of each generator. Take care not to restrict the rear air
inlet or the vents at the front (sides and underneath). In rack-mounted situations allow
adequate space around the instrument and/or use a fan tray for forced cooling.

Brown Mains Live
Blue Mains Neutral
Green / Yellow Mains Earth

2-2

Chapter 3

Connections

Title Page

Front panel connections..................................................................................... 3-2

MAIN OUT................................................................................................... 3-2

SYNC OUT................................................................................................... 3-2

TRIG IN ........................................................................................................ 3-3

SUM IN......................................................................................................... 3-3

MODULATION............................................................................................ 3-3

Rear Panel Connections..................................................................................... 3-3

REF CLOCK IN/OUT................................................................................... 3-3

HOLD IN....................................................................................................... 3-3

ARB CLOCK IN/OUT.................................................................................. 3-4

MAIN OUT................................................................................................... 3-4

RS232............................................................................................................ 3-4

GPIB (IEEE-488) .......................................................................................... 3-5

USB ............................................................................................................... 3-5

MEMORY CARD......................................................................................... 3-5

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Front panel connections

MAIN OUT (1 per channel)

SYNC OUT (1 per channel)

MAIN OUT is the 50 Ω output from the channel's main generator. It will provide up to
20 V p-p into an open circuit or 10 V p-p into a matched 50 Ω load. It can tolerate a
short circuit for 60 seconds.

Caution

Do not apply an external voltage to this output.

SYNC OUT is a TTL/CMOS level output which may be set to any of the following

signals from the SYNC OUT screen.
waveform sync A sync marker phase coincident with the MAIN OUT

waveform. For standard waveforms, (sine, cosine, haversine,
havercosine, square, triangle, sin(x)/x and ramp), the sync
marker is a square wave with a 1:1 duty cycle. The rising edge
is at the 0 º phase point and the falling edge at the 180 º phase
point. For arbitrary waveforms the sync marker is a positive
pulse coincident with the first few points (addresses) of the
waveform.

position marker When position (pos’n) marker is selected, the instrument

generates a pulse marker pattern for arbitrary waveforms. The
pulse pattern is programmable from the edit waveform
menu on the MODIFY screen.

Burst done Provides a signal during gate or trigger modes which is low

while the waveform is active at the main output and high at all
other times.

Sequence sync Provides a signal which is low during the last cycle of the last

waveform in a sequence and high at all other times.

Trigger Provides a positive-going version of the actual trigger signal;

internal, external, manual and remote all produce a trigger sync.

Sweep sync Goes high at the start of sweep and remains high for the

duration of the first frequency step. In addition, a half­amplitude marker pulse can be set to be output at any of the
frequency steps.

Phase lock Produces a positive edge coincident with the start of the current

waveform; this is used for phase locking instruments. This
waveform may not appear coherent.

SYNC OUT logic levels are nominally 0 V and 5 V from typically 50 Ω. SYNC OUT
will withstand a short circuit.

3-2

Caution

Do not apply an external voltage to this output.

Connections

TRIG IN

This is the external input for trigger, gate, sweep and sequence operations. It is also the
input used to synchronize the generator as a slave to another generator which is the
master.

Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10 V.

SUM IN

This is the input socket for external signal summing. The channel(s) with which this
signal is to be summed are selected on the

Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10 V.

MODULATION

This is the input socket for external modulation. Any number of channels may be AM or
SCM modulated with this signal; the target channels are selected on the
screen.

Caution

SUM screen.

Caution

Rear Panel Connections 3

MODULATION

Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10 V.

Rear Panel Connections

REF CLOCK IN/OUT

The function of the
menu on the UTILITY screen (see System Operations section).

input

output

master/slave

As an output the logic levels are nominally 1 V and 4 V from typically 50 Ω. The output
will withstand a short circuit. As an input the threshold is TTL/CMOS compatible.

Do not apply external voltages exceeding + 5 V or –1 V to this
signal connection.

REF CLOCK IN/OUT socket is set from the ref/sys clock

This is the default setting. The socket becomes an input for an
external 10 MHz reference clock. The system automatically
switches over from the internal clock when the external reference is
applied.
The internal 10 MHz clock is made available at the socket.

When two or more generators are synchronized the slaves are set to
slave and the master is set to master.

Caution

Caution

HOLD IN

Controls the waveform hold function. The input impedance is nominally 10 kΩ.

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ARB CLOCK IN/OUT

MAIN OUT (1 per channel)

Caution

Do not apply an external voltage exceeding ±10 V.

Set to an input, this is the input for a user-supplied ARB clock in the frequency range dc
to 50 MHz.

Set to an output, it outputs the system clock at TTL/CMOS compatible logic levels.

Caution

Do not apply an external voltage exceeding + 5 V or –1 V.

These plugged panel positions are provided for the user to fit a 50 Ω BNC as an
alternative to each front panel
required in a rack-mounted system. The front panel

MAIN OUT socket where rear panel connections are

MAIN OUT connection must be

carefully disconnected from the pcb and the pcb then rewired, using high quality 50 Ω
coax, to the new rear panel connector.

RS232

Caution

Do not apply external voltages to these outputs.

9 pin D-connector compatible with addressable RS232 use. The pin connections are
shown below:

Pin Name Description

1 - No internal connection

2 TXD Transmitted data from instrument

3 RXD Received data to instrument

4 - No internal connection

5 GND Signal ground

6 - No internal connection

7 RXD2 Secondary received data

8 TXD2 Secondary transmitted data

9 GND Signal ground

3-4

Pin 2, 3 and 5 may be used as a conventional RS232 interface with XON/XOFF
handshaking. Pins 7, 8 and 9 are additionally used when the instrument is used in
addressable RS232 mode. Signal grounds are connected to instrument ground. The
RS232 address is set from the remote menu on the

UTILITY screen; see "System

Operations from the Utility Menu".