FLIR ThermaCAM P65 HS User Manual

99 Washington Street
Melrose, MA 02176

Phone [phone]
Toll Free 1-800-517-8431

Visit us at www.TestEquipmentDepot.com

ThermaCAM™ P65 HS

User’s manual

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Legal disclaimer

All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year fromthe
delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with
FLIR Systems instruction.

All products not manufactured by FLIR Systems included in systemsdelivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser carrythe warranty,
if any, of the particular supplier only and FLIR Systems has no responsibilitywhatsoever for such products.

The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable. It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to
misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal conditions of operation. Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty.

In the case of adefect in a product coveredby this warranty theproduct must not be furtherused in order toprevent additional damage. The
purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply.

FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in
material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one-year period.

FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a

particular purpose.
FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidentalor consequential loss or damage, whether based on contract, tort

or any other legal theory.

Copyright

© FLIR Systems,2006. All rights reservedworldwide. No parts ofthe softwareincluding sourcecode may be reproduced, transmitted,transcribed
or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems.

This manual must not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced,translated or transmitted to any electronicmedium or machine
readable form without prior consent, in writing, from FLIR Systems.

Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarksof FLIR Systems and/or its subsidiaries.
All othertrademarks, tradenames or company namesreferenced herein are usedfor identification only and arethe propertyof their respective
owners.

Quality assurance

The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the
ISO 9001 standard.

FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development; therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on
any of the products described in this manual without prior notice.

Patents

This product is protected by patents, design patents, patents pending, or design patents pending.
One or several of the following patents, design patents, patents pending, or design patents pending apply to the products and/or features

described in this manual:

Reg. No.StatusDesignation

00809178.1ApplicationChina

01823221.3ApplicationChina

01823226.4ApplicationChina

235308Design PatentChina

ZL02331553.9Design PatentChina

ZL02331554.7Design PatentChina

200530018812.0PendingChina

1188086PatentEPC

01930377.5ApplicationEPO

01934715.2ApplicationEPO

27282912ApplicationEPO

000279476-0001Design PatentEU

1188086PatentFrance

viii Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Reg. No.StatusDesignation

60004227.8PatentGermany

106017Design PatentGreat Britain

3006596Design PatentGreat Britain

3006597Design PatentGreat Britain

1188086PatentGreat Britain

DM/057692Design PatentInternational

DM/061609Design PatentInternational

2000-620406ApplicationJapan

2002-588123ApplicationJapan

2002-588070ApplicationJapan

1144833Design PatentJapan

1182246Design PatentJapan

1182620Design PatentJapan

2005-020460PendingJapan

PCT/SE01/00983ApplicationPCT

PCT/SE01/00984ApplicationPCT

PCT/SE02/00857ApplicationPCT

PCT/SE03/00307ApplicationPCT

PCT/SE/00/00739ApplicationPCT

0302837-0ApplicationSweden

68657Design PatentSweden

75530Design PatentSweden

518836PatentSweden

522971PatentSweden

524024PatentSweden

09/576266ApplicationU.S.

10/476,217ApplicationU.S.

10/476,760ApplicationU.S.

466540Design PatentU.S.

483782Design PatentU.S.

484155Design PatentU.S.

5,386,117PatentU.S.

5,637,871PatentU.S.

5,756,999PatentU.S.

6,028,309PatentU.S.

6,707,044PatentU.S.

6,812,465PatentU.S.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Reg. No.StatusDesignation

29/233,400PendingU.S.

x Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

Table of contents

11 Warnings & cautions ......................................................................................................................

32 Important note about this manual .................................................................................................

53 Welcome! .........................................................................................................................................

63.1 About FLIR Systems .............................................................................................................

83.1.1 A few images from our facilities ............................................................................

103.2 Comments & questions ........................................................................................................

114 Packing list ......................................................................................................................................

135 System overview .............................................................................................................................

176 Connecting system components ..................................................................................................

176.1 Front connectors ..................................................................................................................

186.2 Rear connectors ...................................................................................................................

196.3 Finding the IP address for cameras connected via FireWire: Method 1 .............................

206.4 Finding the IP address for cameras connected via FireWire: Method 2 .............................

217 Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations ......................................

217.1 Important note ......................................................................................................................

217.2 General information ..............................................................................................................

217.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................

227.2.2 General equipment data .......................................................................................

237.2.3 Inspection .............................................................................................................

237.2.4 Classification & reporting ......................................................................................

247.2.5 Priority ...................................................................................................................

247.2.6 Repair ....................................................................................................................

257.2.7 Control ..................................................................................................................

267.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations ...............

267.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment .....................................................................

267.3.2 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................

287.3.3 Comparative measurement ..................................................................................

297.3.4 Normal operating temperature .............................................................................

307.3.5 Classification of faults ...........................................................................................

327.4 Reporting ..............................................................................................................................

347.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations ...........................................................

347.5.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................

347.5.2 Solar heating .........................................................................................................

357.5.3 Inductive heating ...................................................................................................

357.5.4 Load variations ......................................................................................................

367.5.5 Varying cooling conditions ...................................................................................

377.5.6 Resistance variations ............................................................................................

377.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another ......................................

397.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations ........................

397.6.1 Wind ......................................................................................................................

397.6.2 Rain and snow ......................................................................................................

407.6.3 Distance to object .................................................................................................

417.6.4 Object size ............................................................................................................

437.7 Practical advice for the thermographer ................................................................................

437.7.1 From cold to hot ...................................................................................................

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 xi

8.2.4 Navigating between the internal camera memory and external CompactFlash™

card .......................................................................................................................

437.7.2 Rain showers ........................................................................................................

437.7.3 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................

447.7.4 Reflected apparent temperature ...........................................................................

447.7.5 Object too far away ...............................................................................................

458 Tutorials ...........................................................................................................................................

458.1 Switching on & switching off the camera .............................................................................

468.2 Working with images & folders .............................................................................................

468.2.1 Acquiring an image ...............................................................................................

468.2.2 Opening an image ................................................................................................

468.2.3 Deleting one or several images ............................................................................

46

478.2.5 Navigating in folders .............................................................................................

478.2.6 Create a new folder ...............................................................................................

488.2.7 Freezing & unfreezing an image ...........................................................................

488.2.8 Saving an image ...................................................................................................

488.3 Working with measurements ................................................................................................

488.3.1 Laying out & moving a spot ..................................................................................

488.3.2 Laying out & moving an box .................................................................................

498.3.3 Laying out & moving a circle ................................................................................

498.3.4 Laying out & moving a line ...................................................................................

498.3.5 Creating & changing an isotherm ........................................................................

508.3.6 Resizing a measurement marker ..........................................................................

508.3.7 Moving a measurement marker ............................................................................

528.4 Working with alarms .............................................................................................................

528.4.1 Setting the reference temperature ........................................................................

538.4.2 Setting up a silent alarm .......................................................................................

538.4.3 Setting up an audible alarm .................................................................................

558.5 Creating a text comment file ................................................................................................

568.6 Changing level & span .........................................................................................................

568.6.1 Changing the level ................................................................................................

568.6.2 Changing the span ...............................................................................................

578.7 Changing system settings ....................................................................................................

578.7.1 Changing the language ........................................................................................

578.7.2 Changing the temperature unit .............................................................................

578.7.3 Changing the date format .....................................................................................

578.7.4 Changing the time format .....................................................................................

588.7.5 Changing date & time ...........................................................................................

598.8 Working with the camera ......................................................................................................

598.8.1 Mounting an additional lens .................................................................................

608.8.2 Camera setup when using the Protective Window (P/N 1 194 977) ....................

608.8.3 Focusing the camera using autofocus .................................................................

608.8.4 Focusing the camera manually ............................................................................

608.8.5 Using the electronic zoom ....................................................................................

618.8.6 Inserting & removing the battery ..........................................................................

618.8.6.1 Inserting the battery ..........................................................................

618.8.6.2 Removing the battery ........................................................................

628.8.7 Removing & attaching the remote control from the camera handle ...................

628.8.7.1 Removing the remote control ...........................................................

628.8.7.2 Attaching the remote control ............................................................

659 Camera overview ............................................................................................................................

659.1 Camera parts ........................................................................................................................

xii Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

759.2 Keypad buttons & functions .................................................................................................

779.3 Autofocus ..............................................................................................................................

789.4 IrDA infrared communication link .........................................................................................

799.5 Camera status LCD ..............................................................................................................

809.6 Laser LocatIR ........................................................................................................................

819.7 Visual camera .......................................................................................................................

8310 Camera program .............................................................................................................................

8310.1 Screen objects ......................................................................................................................

8310.1.1 Result table ...........................................................................................................

8410.1.2 Status bar ..............................................................................................................

8410.1.3 Temperature scale ................................................................................................

8410.1.4 System messages .................................................................................................

8410.1.4.1 Status messages ...............................................................................

8510.1.4.2 Warning messages ...........................................................................

8610.2 Menu system ........................................................................................................................

8610.2.1 Navigating in the menu system ............................................................................

8710.2.2 File menu ..............................................................................................................

8710.2.2.1 Images ...............................................................................................

8810.2.2.2 Save ...................................................................................................

8910.2.2.3 Copy to card ......................................................................................

8910.2.2.4 Periodic save .....................................................................................

8910.2.2.5 Burst recording ..................................................................................

9110.2.2.6 Voice comment .................................................................................

9210.2.2.7 Text comment ....................................................................................

9710.2.2.8 Image description .............................................................................

9810.2.3 Analysis menu .......................................................................................................

9810.2.3.1 Edit mode ..........................................................................................

9810.2.3.2 Add spot ............................................................................................

10010.2.3.3 Add box .............................................................................................

10210.2.3.4 Add circle ..........................................................................................

10410.2.3.5 Add line .............................................................................................

10710.2.3.6 Add isotherm .....................................................................................

10910.2.3.7 Add diff ..............................................................................................

10910.2.3.8 Ref temp ............................................................................................

10910.2.3.9 Remove all .........................................................................................

11010.2.3.10 Obj par ...............................................................................................

11010.2.3.11 Deactivate local par. ..........................................................................

11110.2.4 Image menu ..........................................................................................................

11110.2.4.1 Visual/IR .............................................................................................

11110.2.4.2 Freeze/Live ........................................................................................

11110.2.4.3 Range ................................................................................................

11110.2.4.4 Level/Span .........................................................................................

11210.2.4.5 Manual adjust / Continuous adjust ...................................................

11210.2.4.6 Palette ................................................................................................

11210.2.4.7 Hide graphics ....................................................................................

11210.2.4.8 Add visual marker .............................................................................

11310.2.5 Setup menu ...........................................................................................................

11310.2.5.1 Image .................................................................................................

11610.2.5.2 Difference ..........................................................................................

11710.2.5.3 Save ...................................................................................................

11910.2.5.4 Alarm .................................................................................................

12010.2.5.5 Digital video .......................................................................................

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 xiii

12010.2.5.6 Bluetooth® ........................................................................................

12110.2.5.7 Power .................................................................................................

12210.2.5.8 Status bar ..........................................................................................

12310.2.5.9 Buttons ..............................................................................................

12410.2.5.10 Date/time ...........................................................................................

12410.2.5.11 Local settings ....................................................................................

12510.2.5.12 Camera info .......................................................................................

12510.2.5.13 Profile .................................................................................................

12510.2.5.14 Factory default ...................................................................................

12711 Folder and file structure ...............................................................................................................

12912 Electrical power system .................................................................................................................

13012.1 Internal battery charging ......................................................................................................

13112.2 External battery charging .....................................................................................................

13212.3 Battery safety warnings ........................................................................................................

13513 A note on LEMO connectors .........................................................................................................

13513.1 How to connect & disconnect LEMO connectors ................................................................

13714 Maintenance & cleaning ................................................................................................................

13714.1 Camera body, cables & accessories ....................................................................................

13714.2 Lenses ...................................................................................................................................

13915 Troubleshooting ..............................................................................................................................

14116 Technical specifications & dimensional drawings ......................................................................

14116.1 Imaging performance ...........................................................................................................

14116.2 Detector ................................................................................................................................

14116.3 Image presentation ...............................................................................................................

14116.4 Temperature ranges .............................................................................................................

14216.5 Correction parameters ..........................................................................................................

14216.6 Laser LocatIR ........................................................................................................................

14216.7 Electrical power system ........................................................................................................

14216.8 Environmental specifications ...............................................................................................

14316.9 Physical specifications .........................................................................................................

14316.10 Interfaces & connectors .......................................................................................................

14416.11 Pin configurations .................................................................................................................

14416.11.1 RS-232/USB connector ........................................................................................

14516.11.2 Remote control connector ....................................................................................

14616.11.3 Power connector ...................................................................................................

14616.11.4 CVBS connector ...................................................................................................

14616.11.5 FireWire connector ...............................................................................................

14816.12 Relationship between fields of view and distance ...............................................................

16316.13 Basic dimensions – battery charger .....................................................................................

16416.14 Basic dimensions – battery ..................................................................................................

16516.15 Basic dimensions – remote control ......................................................................................

16616.16 Basic dimensions – camera .................................................................................................

16716.17 Basic dimensions – camera .................................................................................................

16816.18 Basic dimensions – camera .................................................................................................

16916.19 Basic dimensions – video lamp ............................................................................................

17117 Glossary ...........................................................................................................................................

17518 Thermographic measurement techniques ...................................................................................

xiv Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

17518.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................

17518.2 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................................

17618.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample .......................................................................

17618.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature .......................

17818.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity ...................................................

17918.3 Reflected apparent temperature ..........................................................................................

17918.4 Distance ................................................................................................................................

17918.5 Relative humidity ..................................................................................................................

17918.6 Other parameters ..................................................................................................................

18119 History of infrared technology ......................................................................................................

18520 Theory of thermography ................................................................................................................

18520.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................

18520.2 The electromagnetic spectrum ............................................................................................

18620.3 Blackbody radiation ..............................................................................................................

18720.3.1 Planck’s law ..........................................................................................................

18820.3.2 Wien’s displacement law ......................................................................................

19020.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law .........................................................................................

19020.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters .......................................................................................

19320.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials .....................................................................................

19521 The measurement formula .............................................................................................................

20122 Emissivity tables .............................................................................................................................

20122.1 References ............................................................................................................................

20122.2 Important note about the emissivity tables ..........................................................................

20122.3 Tables ....................................................................................................................................

217Index ................................................................................................................................................

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 xv

xvi Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

1 Warnings & cautions

10474103;a1

■ This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if

not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause inter­ference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15of FCC Rules,
which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference
when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a
residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own
expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct
the interference.

■ An infrared camera is a precision instrument and uses a very sensitive IR detector.

Pointing the camera towards highly intensive energy sources – such as devices
emitting laser radiation, or reflections from such devices – may affect the accuracy
of the camera readings, or even harm – or irreparably damage – the detector. Note
that this sensitivity is also present when the camera is switched off and the lens
cap is mounted on the lens.

■ Each camera from FLIR Systems is calibrated prior to shipping. It is advisable that

the camera is sent in for calibration once a year.

■ For protective reasons, the LCD (where applicable) will be switched off if the detector

temperature exceeds +60 °C (+149 °F) and the camera will be switched off if the
detector temperature exceeds +68 °C (+154.4 °F).

■ The camera requires a warm-up time of 5 minutes before accurate measurements

(where applicable) can be expected.

■ In certain outdoor conditions, the sun can enter the eyepiece and cause damage

to the LCD. Use an eyepiece protector when you expect to be using the camera
for extended periods of time in outdoor sunlit environments.

■ Changes or modifications not expressly approvedby FLIR Systemsvoids the user’s

authority to operate the equipment.

■ Note regarding Bluetooth® option MA9C: This equipment has been tested and

found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonableprotection against

1

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 1

1 – Warnings & cautions

1

harmful interference in a residential installation.This equipment generates, uses
and can radiate radio frequencyenergy and, ifnot installed andused in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular instal­lation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television re­ception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user
is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna

□

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver

□

Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the

□

receiver is connected
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help

□

Containing FCC ID: RZQ1195256.

2 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

2 Important note about this manual

As far as it is practically possible, FLIR Systems configures each manual to reflect
each customer’s particular camera configuration. However, please note the following
exceptions:

■ The packing list is subject to specific customerconfiguration and maycontain more

or less items

■ FLIR Systems reserves theright to discontinue models,parts and accessories, and

other items, or change specifications at any time without prior notice

■ In some cases, the manual may describe features that are not available in your

particular camera configuration

■ Depending on your camera configuration, Bluetooth® may be an extra option.

2

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 3

2 – Important note about this manual

2

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

4 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

3 Welcome!

Thank you for choosing the ThermaCAM™ P65 HS infrared camera.
The ThermaCAM™P65 HS infrared condition monitoring system consistsof an infrared

camera with a built-in 36 mm lens, a visual color camera, a laser pointer, an IrDA (in­frared communications link), a 4" color LCD on a removable remote control, and a
range ofaccessories. The infrared camerameasures and images the emitted infrared
radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temper­ature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and show this temperature.

The ThermaCAM™ P65 HS camera is dust- and splash-proof and tested for shock
and vibration for use in the most demanding field conditions. It is a handheld, truly
portable camera, which is lightweight and operates for more than two hours on one
battery pack. A high-resolution color image (infrared & visual) is provided in real-time
either in the integral viewfinder or on the remote control LCD.

The camera is very easy to use and is operated by using a few buttons which are
conveniently placed on the camera, allowing fingertip control of major functions. A
built-in menu system also gives easy access to the advanced, simple-to-use camera
software for increased functionality.

To document the object under inspection it is possible to capture and store images
on aremovable CompactFlash card or in the camera's internal flash memory. It is also
possible to store, together with every image, voice comments by using the headset
connected tothe camera, ortext comments, byselecting these from a file with prede­fined text comments. The images can be analyzed either in the field by using the real­time measurement markers built into the camera software, or in a PC by using FLIR
Systems's software for infrared analysis and reporting.

3

The ThermaCAM™ P65 HS also features recording of infrared images at a very high
speed, using FireWire.

In the PC, the images can not only be viewed and analyzed, but the voice comments
can also be played back. FLIR Systems’s software makes it very easy to create
complete survey reports (containing numerous infrared images, photos, tables etc.)
from the inspections.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 5

3 – Welcome!

3.1 About FLIR Systems

With over 40 years experience in IR systems and applications development, and over
30 000 infrared cameras in use worldwide, FLIR Systems is the undisputed global
commercial IR industry leader.

10380703;a2

3

Figure 3.1 FLIR Systems, Boston, USA, FLIR Systems, Danderyd, Sweden, and FLIR Systems, Portland,

USA.

10570303;a2

Figure 3.2 Indigo Operations,Niceville, USA, and Indigo Operations,Santa Barbara,USA. Indigo Operations
is a division of FLIR Systems.

As pioneers in the IR industry, FLIR Systems has a long list of ‘firsts’ the world of in­frared thermography:

■ 1965: 1st thermal imaging system for predictive maintenance (Model 650).

■ 1973: 1st battery-operated portable IR scanner for industrial applicationspredictive

maintenance (Model 750).

■ 1975: 1st TV compatible system (Model 525).

■ 1978: 1st dual-wavelength scanning system capable of real-time analog recording

of thermal events (Model 780). Instrumental in R & D market development.

■ 1983: 1st thermal imaging and measurement system with on-screen temperature

measurement.

■ 1986: 1st TE (thermo-electrically) cooled system.

■ 1989: 1st single-piece infrared camera system for PM (predictive maintenance)

and R & D (research & development) with on-board digital storage.

■ 1991: 1st Windows-based thermographic analysis and reporting system.

■ 1993: 1st Focal Plane Array (FPA) system for PM and R & D applications.

■ 1995: 1st full-featured camcorder style FPA infrared system (ThermaCAM).

■ 1997: 1st: uncooled microbolometer-based PM/R & D system.

6 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

3 – Welcome!

■ 2000: 1st thermography system with both thermal and visual imaging.

■ 2000: 1st thermography system to incorporate thermal/visual/voice and text data

logging.

■ 2002: 1st automated thermography system (model P60) to feature detachable re-

motely controllable LCD, JPEG image storage, enhanced connectivity including
USB and IrDA wireless, thermal/visual/voice and text data logging.

■ 2002: 1st low-cost ultra-compact hand-held thermography camera (E series).

Revolutionary, ergonomic design, lightest IR measurement camera available.

■ 2003: 1st low-cost, ultra-compact infrared camera for fixed installation intended for

automation and security applications. Exceptionally user-friendly due to standard
interfaces and extensive built-in functionality.

■ 2004: 1st camera models specially designed for building thermography (B1, B2

and B20)

10401603;a3

3

Figure 3.3 LEFT: FLIR Systems Thermovision® Model 661. The photo is taken on May 30th, 1969 at the

distribution plant near Beckomberga, in Stockholm, Sweden. The camera weighed approx. 25 kg (55 lb),
the oscilloscope 20 kg (44 lb), the tripod 15 kg (33 lb). The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator
set, and a 10 L (2.6 US gallon)jar with liquidnitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope thePolaroid attachment
(6 kg/13 lb) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR Systems ThermaCAM Model E2 from 2002 – weight: 0.7 kg (1.54
lb), including battery.

With this tradition of unparalleled technical excellence and innovative achievements,
FLIR Systems continues to develop new infrared products, educational venues and
applications expertise to meet the diverse demands of thermographers worldwide.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 7

3 – Welcome!

3.1.1 A few images from our facilities

10401303;a1

3

Figure 3.4 LEFT: Development of system electronics; RIGHT: Testing of an FPA detector

10401403;a1

Figure 3.5 LEFT: Diamond turning machine; RIGHT: Lens polishing

8 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

3 – Welcome!

10401503;a1

Figure 3.6 LEFT: Testing of IR cameras in the climatic chamber; RIGHT: Robot for camera testing and
calibration

3

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 9

3 – Welcome!

3.2 Comments & questions

FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development, and although we
have tested and verified the information in this manual to the best of our ability, you
may find that features and specifications have changed since the time of printing.
Please let us know about any errors you find, as well as your suggestions for future
editions, by sending an e-mail to:

3

[e-mail]

➲ Do not use this e-mail address for technical support questions. Technical support
is handled by FLIR Systems local sales offices.

10 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

4 Packing list

The ThermaCAM™ P65 HS and its accessories are delivered in a hard transport case
which typically contains the items below. On receipt of the transport case, inspect all
items andcheck them againstthe delivery note. Any damaged itemsmust be reported
to the local FLIR Systems representative immediately.

QtyPart numberDescription

11 195 3464" LCD/remote control

11 909 820Adapter for CompactFlash card

21 195 268Battery

11 195 267Battery charger

11 910 017CompactFlash card

11 909 775CVBS video cable

11 909 813FireWire cable 4/4

11 909 812FireWire cable 4/6

4

Headset withBluetooth® wireless technol­ogy

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 11

1 910 218

■

1 910 219

■

1 910 213

■

1One of the following part numbers:

11 195 317Lens cap for camera body

11558240Operator’s manual

11 909 528Power supply

1117 132Shoulder strap

1Configuration-dependentThermaCAM™ P65 HS

11 195 314USB cable

11 195 994Video lamp

4 – Packing list

4

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

12 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

5 System overview

This system overview shows all accessories that are possible to order for a Therma­CAM™ P65 HS.

10570903;a3

5

Figure 5.1 System overview

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 13

5 – System overview

Figure 5.2 Explanations of callouts

5

Description of partPart No.Callout

Protective plastic window194 5601

Protective window1 194 9772

124 mm IR lens194 5793

72 mm IR lens194 1764

18 mm IR lens194 4015

9.0 mm IR lens194 7026

64/150 close-up IR lens194 5337

34/80 close-up IR lens1 194 9788

50 μm IR lens1 700 5009

Battery1 195 26810

2-bay battery charger1 195 26711

External power supply1 909 52812

Automotive (cigarette lighter) 12 VDC adapter1 195 14313

Shoulder strap117 13214

Adapter for CompactFlash™ card1 909 82015

CompactFlash™ card1 909 65316

Protective cap for RS-232/USB connector1 910 23317

■

USB cable1 195 31419

RS-232 cable1 195 31320

CVBS cable (composite video cable)1 909 77522

FireWire cable 4/41 909 81224

FireWire cable 4/61 909 81325

Remote control1 195 34626

Video lamp1 195 99427

IrDA infrared communication link28

14 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

5 – System overview

Description of partPart No.Callout

29

One of the following
part numbers:

1 910 218

■

1 910 219

■

1 910 213

■

Headset with Bluetooth® wireless technology
➲ Depending on your camera configuration, this

feature may be an extra option.

5

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 15

5 – System overview

5

INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

16 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

6 Connecting system components

6.1 Front connectors

10569403;a2

Figure 6.1 How to connect system components: Front connectors

Figure 6.2 Explanations of callouts

ExplanationCallout

6

1

2

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 17

USB or RS-232 cable.
The connector on the camera is also used as a connector for the video lamp.

Bluetooth® antenna
For information about connecting a headset featuring Bluetooth® wireless tech-

nology, see section 10.2.5.6 – Bluetooth® on page 120.
➲ Depending on your camera configuration, this feature may be an extra option.

6 – Connecting system components

6.2 Rear connectors

10438603;a2

6

Figure 6.3 How to connect system components: Rear connectors

Figure 6.4 Explanations of callouts

ExplanationCallout

FireWire cable1

CompactFlash card1

Power supply cable2

CVBS cable (i.e. composite video)3

Remote control cable4

18 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

6 – Connecting system components

6.3 Finding the IP address for cameras connected via FireWire: Method 1

ActionStep

On the camera, look for the serial number and write it down.1

2

The address for the camera is ircamXXXXX, where XXXXX are the five last figures
in the serial number.

6

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6 – Connecting system components

6.4 Finding the IP address for cameras connected via FireWire: Method 2

ActionStep

1

In the command window, type ipconfig.
This will typicallydisplay two networks – the camera network and the PC network:

10415703;a1

6

2

Look for the Default Gateway number for Connection specific DNS suffix: IN­FRARED and write it down.

The address for the camera is this number.3

20 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

7 Introduction to thermographic

inspections of electrical
installations

7.1 Important note

All camera functions and features that are described in this section may not be sup­ported by your particular camera configuration.

Electrical regulations differ from country to country. For that reason, the electrical
procedures described in this section may not be the standard of procedure in your
particular country. Also, in manycountries carrying out electrical inspections requires
formal qualification. Always consult national or regional electrical regulations.

7.2 General information

7.2.1 Introduction

Today, thermography is a well-established technique for the inspection of electrical
installations. This was the first and still is the largest. the largest application of ther­mography. The infrared camera itself has gone through an explosive development
and we can say that today, the 8th generation of thermographic systems is available.
It all began in 1964, more than 40 years ago. The technique is now established
throughout the whole world. Industrialized countries as well as developing countries
have adopted this technique.

Thermography, in conjunction with vibration analysis, has over the latest decades
been the main method for fault diagnostics in the industry as a part of the preventive
maintenance program. The great advantage with these methods is that it is not only
possible to carry out the inspection on installations in operation; normal working
condition is in fact a prerequisite for a correct measurement result, so the ongoing
production processis not disturbed.Thermographic inspection of electrical installations
are used in three main areas:

■ Power generation

■ Power transmission

■ Power distribution, that is, industrial use of electrical energy.

The fact that these controls are carried out under normal operation conditions has
created a natural division between these groups. The power generation companies
measure during the periods of high load. These periods vary from country to country

7

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

and for the climatic zones. The measurement periods may also differ depending on
the type of plant to be inspected, whether they are hydroelectric, nuclear, coal-based
or oil-based plants.

In the industry the inspections are—at least in Nordic countries with clear seasonal
differences—carried out during spring or autumn or before longer stops in the oper­ation. Thus, repairs are made when the operation is stopped anyway. However, this
seems to be the rule less and less, which has led to inspections of the plants under
varying load and operating conditions.

7.2.2 General equipment data

The equipment to be inspected has a certain temperature behavior that should be
known to the thermographer beforethe inspection takesplace. In thecase of electrical
equipment, the physical principle of why faults show a different temperature pattern
because of increased resistance or increased electrical current is well known.

However, it is useful to remember that, in some cases, for example solenoids, ‘over­heating’ is natural and does not correspond to a developing defect. In other cases,
like the connections in electrical motors, the overheating might depend on the fact

7

that the healthy part is taking the entire load and therefore becomes overheated. A
similar example is shown in section 7.5.7 – Overheating in one part as a result of a
fault in another on page 37.

Defective parts of electrical equipment can therefore both indicate overheating and
be cooler than the normal ‘healthy’ components. It is necessary to be aware of what
to expect by getting as much information as possible about the equipment before it
is inspected.

The general rule is, however, that a hot spot is caused by a probable defect. The
temperature and the load of that specific component at the moment of inspection will
give an indication of how serious the fault is and can become in other conditions.

Correct assessment in each specific case demands detailed information about the
thermal behavior of the components, that is, we need to know the maximum allowed
temperature of the materials involvedand the role the component plays in the system.

Cable insulations, for example, lose their insulation properties above a certain tem­perature, which increases the risk of fire.

In the case of breakers, where the temperature is too high, parts can melt and make
it impossible to open the breaker, thereby destroying its functionality.

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

The more the IR camera operator knows about the equipment that he or she is about
to inspect, the higher the quality of the inspection. But it is virtually impossible for an
IR thermographerto have detailedknowledge about all the different types of equipment
that can be controlled. It is therefore common practice that a person responsible for
the equipment is present during the inspection.

7.2.3 Inspection

The preparationof the inspection should include the choiceof the right type of report.
It isoften necessary touse complementary equipment such as ampere meters in order
to measure the current in the circuits where defects were found. An anemometer is
necessary if you want to measure the wind speed at inspectionof outdoor equipment.

Automatic functions help the IR operator to visualize an IR image of the components
with the right contrast to allow easy identification of a fault or a hot spot. It is almost
impossible to miss a hot spot on a scanned component. A measurement function will
also automatically display the hottest spot within an area in the image or the difference
between the maximum temperature in the chosen area and a reference, which can
be chosen by the operator, for example the ambient temperature.

10712703;a3

7

Figure 7.1 An infrared and a visual image of a power line isolator

When the fault is clearly identified and the IR thermographer has made sure that it is
not a reflection or a naturally occurring hot spot, the collection of the data starts, which
will allow the correct reporting of the fault. The emissivity, the identification of the
component, and the actual working conditions, together with the measured tempera­ture, will be used in the report. In order to make it easy to identify the component a
visual photo of the defect is often taken.

7.2.4 Classification & reporting

Reporting has traditionally been the most time-consuming part of the IR survey. A
one-day inspection could result in one or two days’ work to report and classify the
found defects. This is still the case for many thermographers, who have chosen not
to use the advantages that computers and modern reporting software have brought
to IR condition monitoring.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 23

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

The classification of the defects gives a more detailed meaning that not only takes
into account the situation at the time of inspection (which is certainly of great impor­tance), but also the possibility to normalize the over-temperature to standard load
and ambient temperature conditions.

An over-temperature of +30°C (+86°F) is certainly a significant fault. But if that over­temperature is valid for one component working at 100% load and for another at 50%
load, it is obvious that the latter will reach a much higher temperature should its load
increase from 50% to 100%. Such a standard can be chosen by the plant’s circum­stances. Very often, however, temperatures are predicted for 100% load. A standard
makes it easier to compare the faults over time and thus to make a more complete
classification.

7.2.5 Priority

Based on the classification ofthe defects, themaintenance manager givesthe defects
a repair priority. Very often, the information gathered during the infrared survey is put
together withcomplementary information on the equipment collectedby other means
such as vibration monitoring, ultrasound or the preventive maintenance scheduled.

7

Even if the IR inspection is quickly becoming the most used method of collecting in­formation about electrical components safely with the equipment under normal oper­ating conditions, there are many other sources of information the maintenance or the
production manager has to consider.

The priority of repair should therefore not be a task for the IR camera operator in the
normal case. If a critical situation is detected during the inspection or during the
classification of the defects, the attention of the maintenance manager should of
course be drawn to it, but the responsibility for determining the urgency of the repair
should be his.

7.2.6 Repair

To repair the known defects is the most important function of preventive maintenance.
However, to assure production at the right time or at the right cost can also be impor­tant goals for a maintenance group. The information provided by the infrared survey
can be used to improve the repair efficiency as well as to reach the other goals with
a calculated risk.

To monitor the temperature of a known defect that can not be repaired immediately
for instance because spare parts are not available, can often pay for the cost of in­spection a thousandfold and sometimes even for the IR camera. To decide not to
repair knowndefects to save on maintenance costsand avoid unnecessary downtime
is also another way of using the information from the IR survey in a productive way.

24 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

However, themost common resultof the identificationand classification of the detected
faults is a recommendation to repair immediately or as soon as it is practically possible.
It is important that the repair crew is aware of the physical principles for the identifica­tion of defects. If a defect shows a high temperature and is in a critical situation, it is
very common that the repair personnel expect to find a highly corroded component.
It should also come as no surprise to the repair crew that a connection, which is
usually healthy, can give the same high temperatures as a corroded one if it has come
loose. These misinterpretations are quite common and risk putting in doubt the relia­bility of the infrared survey.

7.2.7 Control

A repaired component should be controlled as soon as possible after the repair. It is
not efficient to wait for the next scheduled IR survey in order to combine a new inspec­tion with the control of the repaired defects. The statistics on the effect of the repair
show that up to a third of the repaired defects still show overheating. That is the same
as saying that those defects present a potential risk of failure.

To wait until the next scheduled IR survey represents an unnecessary risk for the
plant.

Besides increasing the efficiency of the maintenance cycle (measured in terms of
lower risk for the plant) the immediate control of the repair work brings other advan­tages to the performance of the repair crew itself.

7

When a defect still shows overheating after the repair, the determination of the cause
of overheating improves the repair procedure, helps choose the best component
suppliers and detect design shortcomings on the electrical installation. The crew
rapidly sees the effect of the work and can learn quickly both from successful repairs
and from mistakes.

Another reason to provide the repair crew with an IR instrument is that many of the
defects detected during the IR survey are of low gravity. Instead of repairing them,
which consumes maintenance and production time, it can be decided to keep these
defects under control. Therefore the maintenance personnel should have access to
their own IR equipment.

It is common to note on the report form the type of fault observed during the repair
as well as the action taken. These observations make an important source of experi­ence that can be used to reduce stock, choose the best suppliers or to train new
maintenance personnel.

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations

7.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment

A thermal image may show high temperature variations:

10712803;a4

Figure 7.2 Temperature variations in a fusebox

In the images above, the fuse to the right has a maximum temperature of +61°C
(+142°F), whereas the one to the left is maximum +32°C (+90°F) and the one in the
middle somewhere in between. The three images are different inasmuch as the tem­perature scale enhances only one fuse in each image. However, it is the same image
and all the information about all three fuses is there. It is only a matter of setting the

7

temperature scale values.

7.3.2 Temperature measurement

Some cameras today can automatically find the highest temperature in the image.
The image below shows how it looks to the operator.

10712903;a3

Figure 7.3 An infrared image of a fusebox where the maximum temperature is displayed

The maximum temperature in the area is +62.2°C (+144.0°F). The spot meter shows
the exact location of the hot spot. The image can easily be stored in the camera
memory.

The correct temperature measurement depends, however, not only on the function
of the evaluation software or the camera. It may happen that the actual fault is, for
example, a connection, which is hidden from the camera in the position it happens

26 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

to be in for the moment. It might be so that you measure heat, which has been con­ducted oversome distance, whereasthe ‘real’ hot spot is hiddenfrom you. Anexample
is shown in the image below.

10717603;a3

Figure 7.4 A hidden hot spot inside a box

Try to choose different angles and make sure that the hot area is seen in its full size,
that is, that it is not disappearing behind something that might hide the hottest spot.
In this image, the hottest spot of what the camera can ‘see’, is +83°C (+181°F), where
the operating temperature on the cables below the box is +60°C (+140°F). However,
the real hot spot is most probably hidden inside the box, see the in yellow encircled
area. This fault is reported as a +23.0°C (+41.4°F) excess temperature, but the real
problem is probably essentially hotter.

7

Another reason for underestimating the temperature of an object is bad focusing. It
is very important that the hot spot found is in focus. See the example below.

10717403;a2

Figure 7.5 LEFT: A hot spot in focus; RIGHT: A hot spot out of focus

In the left image, the lamp is in focus. Its average temperature is +64°C (+147°F). In
the right image, the lamp is out of focus, which will result in only +51°C (+124°F) as
the maximum temperature.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 27

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.3.3 Comparative measurement

For thermographic inspections of electrical installations a special method is used,
which is based on comparison of different objects, so-called measurement with a
reference. This simply means that you compare the three phases with each other.
This method needs systematic scanning of the three phases in parallel in order to
assess whether a point differs from the normal temperature pattern.

A normal temperature pattern means that current carrying components have a given
operation temperature shown in a certain color (or gray tone) on the display, which
is usually identical for all three phases under symmetrical load. Minor differences in
the color might occur in the current path, for example, at the junction of two different
materials, at increasing or decreasing conductor areas or on circuit breakers where
the current path is encapsulated.

The image below shows three fuses, thetemperatures of which are very close to each
other. The inserted isotherm actually shows less than +2°C (+3.6°F) temperature
difference between the phases.

Different colors are usually the result if the phases are carrying an unsymmetrical

7

load. This difference in colors does not represent any overheating since this does not
occur locally but is spread along the whole phase.

10713203;a3

Figure 7.6 An isotherm in an infrared image of a fusebox

A ‘real’ hot spot, on the other hand, shows a rising temperature as you look closer
to the source of the heat. See the image below, where the profile (line) shows a
steadily increasing temperature up to about +93°C (+199°F) at the hot spot.

28 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

10713303;a4

Figure 7.7 A profile (line) in an infrared image and a graph displaying the increasing temperature

7.3.4 Normal operating temperature

Temperature measurement withthermography usually gives the absolute temperature
of the object. In order to correctly assess whether the component is too hot, it is
necessary to know its operating temperature, that is, its normal temperature if we
consider the load and the temperature of its environment.

As the direct measurement will give the absolute temperature—which must be con­sidered as well (as most components have an upper limit to their absolute tempera­tures)—it is necessary to calculate the expected operatingtemperature given theload
and the ambient temperature. Consider the following definitions:

■ Operating temperature: the absolute temperature of the component. It depends

on the current load and the ambient temperature. It is always higher than the am­bient temperature.

■ Excess temperature (overheating): the temperature difference between a properly

working component and a faulty one.

7

The excess temperature is found as the difference between the temperature of a
‘normal’ component and the temperature of its neighbor. It is important to compare
the same points on the different phases with each other.

As an example, see the following images taken from indoor equipment:

10713403;a4

Figure 7.8 An infrared image of indoor electrical equipment (1)

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 29

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

10713503;a4

Figure 7.9 An infrared image of indoor electrical equipment (2)

The two left phases are considered as normal, whereas the right phase shows a very
clear excess temperature. Actually, the operating temperature of the left phase is
+68°C (+154°F), that is, quite a substantial temperature, whereas the faulty phase
to the right shows a temperature of +86°C (+187°F). This means an excess temper­ature of +18°C (+33°F), that is, a fault that has to be attended to quickly.

For practical reasons, the (normal, expected) operating temperature of a component
is taken as the temperature of the components in at least two out of three phases,

7

provided that you consider them to be working normally.. The ‘most normal’ case is
of course that all three phases have the same or at least almost the same temperature.
The operating temperature of outdoor components in substations or power lines is
usually only 1°C or 2°C above the air temperature (1.8°F or 3.6°F). In indoor substa­tions, the operating temperatures vary a lot more.

This fact is clearly shown by the bottom image as well. Here the left phase is the one,
which shows an excess temperature. The operating temperature, taken from the two
‘cold’ phases, is +66°C (+151°F). The faulty phase shows a temperature of +127°C
(+261°F), which has to be attended to without delay.

7.3.5 Classification of faults

Once a faulty connection is detected, corrective measures may be necessary—or
may not be necessary forthe time being.In order torecommend the most appropriate
action the following criteria should be evaluated:

■ Load during the measurement

■ Even or varying load

■ Position of the faulty part in the electrical installation

■ Expected future load situation

■ Is the excess temperaturemeasured directly on the faulty spot or indirectly through

conducted heat caused by some fault inside the apparatus?

Excess temperatures measured directly on the faulty part are usually divided into
three categories relating to 100% of the maximum load.

30 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

< 5°C (9°F)I

5–30°C (9–54°F)II

>30°C (54°F)III

The start of the overheat condi­tion. This must be carefully
monitored.

Developed overheating. It must
be repaired as soon as possible
(but think about the load situa­tion before a decision is made).

Acute overheating. Must be re­paired immediately (but think
about the load situation before
a decision is made).

7

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 31

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.4 Reporting

Nowadays, thermographicinspections of electrical installations are probably, without
exception, documentedand reported by the use of a report program. Theseprograms,
which differ from one manufacturer to another, are usually directly adapted to the
cameras and will thus make reporting very quick and easy.

The program, which has been used for creating the report page shown below, is
called ThermaCAM™Reporter. It is adaptedto several types of infrared camerasfrom
FLIR Systems.

A professional report is often divided into two sections:

■ Front pages, with facts about the inspection, such as:

Who the client is, for example, customer’s company name and contact person

□

Location of the inspection: site address, city, and so on

□

Date of inspection

□

Date of report

□

Name of thermographer

□

7

Signature of thermographer

□

Summary or table of contents

□

■ Inspection pages containing IR images to documentand analyze thermalproperties

or anomalies.

Identification of the inspected object:

□

What is the object: designation, name, number, and so on

■

Photo

■

IR image. When collecting IR images there are some details to consider:

□

Optical focus

■

Thermal adjustment of the scene or the problem (level & span)

■

Composition: proper observation distance and viewing angle.

■

Comment

□

Is there an anomaly or not?

■

Is there a reflection or not?

■

Use a measurement tool—spot, area or isotherm—to quantify the problem.

■

Use the simplest tool possible; a profile graph is almost never needed in
electrical reports.

32 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

10713603;a3

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7

Figure 7.10 A report example

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 33

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations

7.5.1 Reflections

The thermographiccamera sees anyradiation that entersthe lens, notonly originating
from the object that you are looking at, but also radiation that comes from other
sources andhas been reflected by the target. Most of the time,electrical components
are like mirrors to the infrared radiation, even if it is not obvious to the eye. Bare
metal parts are particularly shiny, whereas painted, plastic or rubber insulated parts
are mostly not. In the image below, you can clearly see a reflection from the thermo­grapher. This is of course not a hot spot on the object. A good way to find out if what
you see is a reflection or not, is for you to move. Look at the target from a different
angle and watch the ‘hot spot.’ If it moves when you do, it is a reflection.

Measuring temperature of mirror like details is not possible. The object in the images
below has painted areas which are well suited for temperature measurement. The
material is copper, which is a very good heat conductor. This means that temperature
variation over the surface is small.

10717503;a2

7

Figure 7.11 Reflections in an object

7.5.2 Solar heating

The surface of a component with a high emissivity, for example, a breaker, can on a
hot summer day be heated up to quite considerable temperatures by irradiation from
the sun. The image shows a circuit breaker, which has been heated by the sun.

34 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

10713803;a3

Figure 7.12 An infrared image of a circuit breaker

7.5.3 Inductive heating

10713903;a3

Figure 7.13 An infrared image of hot stabilizing weights

Eddy currents can cause a hot spot in the current path. In cases of very high currents
and close proximity of other metals, this has in some cases caused serious fires. This
type of heating occurs in magnetic material around the current path, such as metallic
bottom plates for bushing insulators. In the image above, there are stabilizing weights,
through which a high current is running. These metal weights, which are made of a
slightly magnetic material, will not conduct any current but are exposed to the alter­nating magnetic fields, which will eventually heat up the weight. The overheating in
the image is less than +5°C (+9°F). This, however, need not necessarily always be
the case.

7

7.5.4 Load variations

3-phase systems are the norm in electric utilities. When looking for overheated places,
it is easy to compare the three phases directly with each other, for example, cables,
breakers, insulators. An even load per phase should result in a uniform temperature
pattern forall three phases. A fault maybe suspected in cases where thetemperature
of onephase differs considerablyfrom the remaining two. However, youshould always
make sure that the load is indeed evenly distributed. Looking at fixed ampere meters
or using a clip-on ampere meter (up to 600 A) will tell you.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 35

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

10714003;a3

Figure 7.14 Examples of infrared images of load variations

The image to the left shows three cables next to each other. They are so far apart that
they can be regarded as thermally insulated from each other. The one in the middle
is colder than the others. Unless two phases are faulty and overheated, this is a typical
example of a very unsymmetrical load. The temperature spreads evenly along the
cables, which indicates a load-dependent temperature increase rather than a faulty
connection.

The image to the right shows two bundles with very different loads. In fact, the bundle

7

to the right carries next to no load. Those which carry a considerable current load,
are about 5°C (9°F) hotter than those which do not. No fault to be reported in these
examples.

7.5.5 Varying cooling conditions

10714103;a3

Figure 7.15 An infrared image of bundled cables

When, for example, a number of cables are bundled together it can happen that the
resulting poorcooling of thecables in the middle can lead to themreaching very high
temperatures. See the image above.

The cables to the right in the image do not show any overheating close to the bolts.
In the vertical part of the bundle, however, the cables are held together very tightly,
the cooling of the cables is poor, the convection can not take the heat away, and the
cables arenotably hotter, actually about5°C (9°F) above the temperature of the better
cooled part of the cables.

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.5.6 Resistance variations

Overheating can have many origins. Some common reasons are described below.
Low contact pressure can occur when mounting a joint, or through wear of the mate-

rial, for example, decreasing spring tension, worn threads in nuts and bolts, even too
much force applied at mounting. With increasing loads and temperatures, the yield
point of the material is exceeded and the tension weakens.

The image to the left below shows a bad contact due to a loose bolt. Since the bad
contact is of very limited dimensions, it causes overheating only in a very small spot
from which the heat is spread evenly along the connecting cable. Note the lower
emissivity ofthe screw itself, which makes itlook slightly colderthan the insulated—and
thereby it has a high emissivity—cable insulation.

The image to the right shows another overheating situation, this time again due to a
loose connection. It is an outdoor connection, hence it is exposed to the cooling effect
of the wind and it is likely that the overheating would have shown a higher temperature,
if mounted indoors.

10714203;a3

7

Figure 7.16 LEFT: An infrared image showing bad contact due to a loose bolt; RIGHT: A loose outdoor

connection, exposed to the wind cooling effect.

7.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another

Sometimes, overheating can appear ina component although thatcomponent is OK.
The reason is that two conductors share the load. One of the conductors has an in­creased resistance, but the other is OK. Thus, the faulty component carries a lower
load, whereas the fresh one has to take a higher load, which may be too high and
which causes the increased temperature. See the image.

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

10714303;a3

Figure 7.17 Overheating in a circuit breaker

The overheating of this circuit breaker is most probably caused by bad contact in the
near finger of the contactor. Thus, the far finger carries more current and gets hotter.
The component in the infrared image and in the photo is not the same, however, it is
similar).

7

38 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations

During thermographic inspections of different types of electrical installations, distur­bance factors such as wind, distance to object, rain or snow often influence the
measurement result.

7.6.1 Wind

During outdoorinspection, the coolingeffect of thewind should be taken into account.
An overheating measured at a wind velocity of 5 m/s (10 knots) will be approximately
twice as high at 1m/s (2 knots).An excess temperature measured at 8 m/s (16 knots)
will be 2.5 times as high at 1 m/s (2 knots). This correction factor, which is based on
empirical measurements, is usually applicable up to 8 m/s (16 knots).

There are, however, cases when you have to inspect even if the wind is stronger than
8 m/s (16 knots). There are many windy places in the world, islands, mountains, and
so on but it is important to know that overheated components found would have
shown a considerably higher temperature at a lower wind speed. The empirical cor­rection factor can be listed.

Correction factorWind speed (knots)Wind speed (m/s)

121

1.3642

7

1.6463

1.8684

2.06105

2.23126

2.40147

2.54168

The measured overheating multiplied by the correction factor gives the excess tem­perature with no wind, that is, at 1 m/s (2 knots).

7.6.2 Rain and snow

Rain and snow also have a cooling effect on electrical equipment. Thermographic
measurement can still be conducted with satisfactory results during light snowfall
with dry snow and light drizzle, respectively. The image quality will deteriorate in heavy

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

snow or rain and reliable measurement is no longer possible. This is mainly because
a heavy snowfall as well as heavy rain is impenetrable to infrared radiation and it is
rather the temperature of the snowflakes or raindrops that will be measured.

7.6.3 Distance to object

This image is taken from a helicopter 20 meters (66 ft.) away from this faulty connec­tion. The distance was incorrectly set to 1 meter (3 ft.) and the temperature was
measured to+37.9°C (+100.2°F). The measurement value after changingthe distance
to 20 meters (66 ft.), which was done afterwards, is shown in the image to the right,
where the corrected temperature is +38.8°C (+101.8°F). The difference is not too
crucial, but may take the fault into a higher class of seriousness. So the distance
setting must definitely not be neglected.

10714403;a3

7

Figure 7.18 LEFT: Incorrect distance setting; RIGHT: Correct distance setting

The images below show the temperature readings from a blackbody at +85°C
(+185°F) at increasing distances.

10714503;a3

Figure 7.19 Temperature readings from a blackbody at +85°C (+185°F) at increasing distances

40 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

The measured average temperatures are, from left to right, +85.3°C
(+185.5°F),+85.3°C (+185.5°F), +84.8°C (+184.6°F), +84.8°C (+184.6°F), +84.8°C
(+184.6°F) and +84.3°C (+183.7°F) from a blackbody at +85°C (+185°F). The ther­mograms are taken with a 12° lens. The distances are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 meters (3,
7, 10, 13, 16 and 33 ft.). The correction for the distance has been meticulously set
and works, because the object is big enough for correct measurement.

7.6.4 Object size

The second series of images below shows the same but with the normal 24° lens.
Here, the measured average temperatures of the blackbody at +85°C (+185°F) are:
+84.2°C (+183.6°F), +83.7°C(+182.7°F), +83.3°C (+181.9°F), +83.3°C (+181.9°F),
+83.4°C (+181.1°F) and +78.4°C (+173.1°F).

The last value, (+78.4°C (+173.1°F)), is the maximum temperature as it was not
possible to place a circle inside the now very small blackbody image. Obviously, it
is not possible to measure correct values if the object is too small. Distance was
properly set to 10 meters (33 ft.).

10714603;a3

7

Figure 7.20 Temperature readingsfrom a blackbodyat +85°C (+185°F) at increasingdistances (24° lens)

The reason for this effect is that there is a smallest object size, which gives correct
temperature measurement. This smallest size is indicated to the user in all FLIR Sys­tems cameras. The image below shows what you see in the viewfinder of camera
model 695. The spot meter has an opening in its middle, more easilyseen in the detail
to the right. The size of the object has to be bigger than that opening or some radiation
from its closest neighbors, which are much colder, will come into the measurement
as well, strongly lowering the reading. In the above case, where we have a point­shaped object, which is much hotter than the surroundings, the temperature reading
will be too low.

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

10714703;a3

Figure 7.21 Image from the viewfinder of a ThermaCAM 695

This effect is due to imperfections inthe optics and to the size of the detector elements.
It is typical for all infrared cameras and can not be avoided.

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42 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.7 Practical advice for the thermographer

Working in a practical way with a camera, you will discover small things that make
your job easier. Here are ten of them to start with.

7.7.1 From cold to hot

You have been out with the camera at +5°C (+41°F). To continue your work, you
now have to perform the inspection indoors. If you wear glasses, you are used to
having towipe off condensed water, or youwill not be able to see anything. The same
thing happens with the camera. To measure correctly, you should wait until the
camera has become warm enough for the condensation to evaporate. This will also
allow for the internal temperature compensation system to adjust to the changed
condition.

7.7.2 Rain showers

If it starts raining you should not perform the inspection because the water will drasti­cally change the surface temperature of the object that you are measuring. Neverthe­less, sometimes you need to use the camera even under rain showers or splashes.
Protect your camera with a simple transparent polyethylene plastic bag. Correction
for the attenuation which is caused by the plastic bag can be made by adjusting the
object distance until the temperature reading is the same as without the plastic cover.
Some camera models have a separate External optics transmission entry.

7

7.7.3 Emissivity

You have to determine the emissivity for the material, which you are measuring.
Mostly, you will not find the value in tables. Use optical black paint, that is, Nextel
Black Velvet. Paint a small piece of the material you are working with. The emissivity
of the optical paint is normally 0.94. Remember that the object has to have a temper­ature, which is different—usually higher—than the ambient temperature. The larger
the difference the better the accuracy in the emissivity calculation. The difference
should be at least 20°C (36°F). Remember that there are other paints that support
very high temperatures up to +800°C (+1472°F). The emissivity may, however, be
lower than that of optical black.

Sometimes you can not paint the object that you are measuring. In this case you can
use a tape. A thin tape for which you have previously determined the emissivity will
work in most cases and you can remove it afterwards without damaging the object
of your study. Pay attention to the fact that some tapes are semi-transparent and thus
are not very good for this purpose. One of the best tapes for this purpose is Scotch
electrical tape for outdoor and sub-zero conditions.

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7 – Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations

7.7.4 Reflected apparent temperature

You are in a measurement situation wherethere are several hot sources that influence
your measurement. You need to have the right value for the reflected apparent tem­perature to input into the camera and thus get the best possible correction. Do it in
this way: set the emissivity to 1.0. Adjust the camera lens to near focus and, looking
in the opposite direction away from the object, save one image. With the area or the
isotherm, determine the most probable value of the average of the image and use
that value for your input of reflected apparent temperature.

7.7.5 Object too far away

Are you in doubt that the camera you have is measuring correctly at the actual dis­tance? A rule of thumb for your lens is to multiply the IFOV by 3. (IFOV is the detail
of the object seen by one single element of the detector). Example: 25 degrees cor­respond to about 437 mrad. If your camera has a 120 × 120 pixel image, IFOV be­comes 437/120 = 3.6 mrad (3.6 mm/m) and your spot size ratio is about
1000/(3 × 3.6)=92:1. This means that at a distance of 9.2 meters (30.2 ft.), your target
has to be at least about 0.1 meter or 100 mm wide (3.9"). Try to work on the safe side
by coming closer than 9 meters (30 ft.). At 7–8 meters (23–26 ft.), your measurement

7

should be correct.

44 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

8 Tutorials

8.1 Switching on & switching off the camera

ActionStep

1

3

Insert a battery into the battery compartment.
For information about inserting a battery, see section 8.8.6 – Inserting & removing

the battery on page 61.

Briefly press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera.2

Press and hold down the green on/off button for a few seconds to switch off the
camera.

For information about buttons, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons & functions on page

75.

8

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8 – Tutorials

8.2 Working with images & folders

8.2.1 Acquiring an image

ActionStep

Briefly press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera.1

Point the camera at a warm object, like a face or a hand.2

Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the focus.3

Briefly press the A button to autoadjust the camera.4

8.2.2 Opening an image

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Images on the File menu and press the joystick.2

Select the image you want to open by moving the joystick up/down or left/right.3

To recall a selected image, press the joystick.4

For more information about opening images, see section 10.2.2.1 – Images on page

8

87.

8.2.3 Deleting one or several images

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Images on the File menu and press the joystick.2

Move the joystick up/down or left/right to select the image you want to delete.3

Press and hold down the joystick for two seconds to display a shortcut menu.4

5

On the shortcut menu, select Delete or Delete all images to delete one or several
images.

8.2.4 Navigating between the internal camera memory and external CompactFlash™ card

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Images on the File menu and press the joystick.2

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8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

3

Do one of the following:

To go to the external CompactFlash™ card, select the CompactFlash™ card

■

symbol and press the joystick.
To go to the internal camera memory, select the camera symbol and press the

■

joystick.

10726303;a2

Figure 8.1 LEFT: Camera symbol; RIGHT: CompactFlash™ card symbol

8.2.5 Navigating in folders

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Images on the File menu and press the joystick.2

3

Do one of the following:

To go up on level, select the symbol to the left below, and press the joystick.

■

To go down one level, select the symbol to the right below, and press the joy-

■

stick.

10726403;a2

8

Figure 8.2 LEFT: Folder symbol to go up one level; RIGHT: Folder symbol to

down one level

8.2.6 Create a new folder

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Images on the File menu and press the joystick.2

3

5

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 47

Move the joystick up/down or left/right to any position in a directory where you
want to create a new folder.

Press and hold down the joystick for two seconds to display a shortcut menu.4

On the shortcut menu, selectCreate new folder to create a new folderat the current
level.

8 – Tutorials

8.2.7 Freezing & unfreezing an image

ActionStep

Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the focus.1

Briefly press the A button to autoadjust the camera.2

3

Briefly press the S button to freeze the image. To unfreeze the image, press the
S button once again.

8.2.8 Saving an image

ActionStep

Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the focus.1

Briefly press the A button to autoadjust the camera.2

3

Do one of the following:

Press and hold down the S button for a few seconds to save the image

■

Point to Save on the File menu and press the joystick

■

For more information about saving images, see section 10.2.2.2 – Save on page 88.

8.3 Working with measurements

8

8.3.1 Laying out & moving a spot

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

2

Point to Add spot on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. A spot will now
appear on the screen. The measured temperature will be displayed in the result
table in the top right corner of the screen.

You are now inedit mode and can move the spot in any direction by pressingand
moving the joystick. To leave the edit mode, press the C button twice. You can
also leave the edit mode by holding down the joystick for a few seconds, which
will display a shortcut menu.

For more information about spots, see section 10.2.3.2 – Add spot on page 98.

8.3.2 Laying out & moving an box

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

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8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

2

Point to Add box on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. A box will now
appear on the screen. The measured temperature will be displayed in the result
table in the top right corner of the screen.

You are now in edit mode and can move the box in any direction by pressing and
moving the joystick. To leave the edit mode, press the C button twice. You can
also leave the edit mode by holding down the joystick for a few seconds, which
will display a shortcut menu.

For more information about boxes, see section 10.2.3.3 – Add box on page 100.

8.3.3 Laying out & moving a circle

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

2

Point to Add circle on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. A circle will now
appear on the screen. The measured temperature will be displayed in the result
table in the top right corner of the screen.

You are now in edit mode and can move the circle in any direction by pressing
and moving the joystick. To leave the edit mode, press the C button twice. You
can also leave the edit mode by holding down the joystick for a few seconds,
which will display a shortcut menu.

For more information about circles, see section 10.2.3.4 – Add circle on page 102.

8.3.4 Laying out & moving a line

ActionStep

8

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

2

Point to Add line on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. A line will now ap­pear onthe screen. The measured temperaturewill bedisplayed in the result table
in the top right corner of the screen.

You are now in edit mode and can move the line in any direction by pressing and
moving the joystick. To leave the edit mode, press the C button twice. You can
also leave the edit mode by holding down the joystick for a few seconds, which
will display a shortcut menu.

For more information about lines, see section 10.2.3.5 – Add line on page 104.

8.3.5 Creating & changing an isotherm

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

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8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

2

Point to Add isotherm on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. An isotherm
will nowbe added to your image. The isothermlevels willbe displayedin the result
table in the top right corner of the screen.

You are now in edit mode and can change the isotherm levels by moving the joy­stick up/down. To leave the edit mode, press the C button twice. You can also
leave the edit mode by holding down the joystick for a few seconds, which will
display a shortcut menu.

For more information about creating & changing an isotherm, see section 10.2.3.6 –
Add isotherm on page 107.

8.3.6 Resizing a measurement marker

➲ This example procedure, which applies to all types of measurement markers, as­sumes that you have laid out only one measurement box on the screen and exited
the menu system.

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

2

8

Point to Edit mode on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. This will display
eight gray handles on the box.

Press the joystick once again. This will make a small box in the middle turn yellow.3

Move the joystick left/right or up/down to select one of the yellow handles.4

Press the joystick once again. This will make the yellow handle turn blue.5

6

To resize the box, move the joystick any direction, then press the joystick again
to confirm the size.

Press the C button once to leave the edit mode.7

8.3.7 Moving a measurement marker

➲ This example procedure, which applies to all types of measurement markers, as­sumes that you have laid out only one measurement box on the screen and exited
the menu system.

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

2

Point to Edit mode on the Analysis menu and press the joystick. This will display
eight gray handles on the box.

Press the joystick once again. This will make a small box in the middle turn yellow.3

Press the joystick once again. This will make the small box turn blue.4

50 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

To move the box, move the joystick any direction.5

Press the C button three times to leave the edit mode.6

8

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8 – Tutorials

8.4 Working with alarms

You can choose between the following alarm outputs:

■ a silent alarm, which, will make the background ofthe corresponding measurement

function turn red when an alarm is triggered

■ an audible alarm, which, compared to the silent alarm, also triggers a ’beep’

A settings can also be made in the camera so that an alarm output takes into account
the referencetemperature. A typicalapplication when you would want to use an alarm
that takes into account the reference temperature is screening of people for face
temperature detection.

Firstly, the reference temperature is set by screening 10 persons with normal face
temperature. The camera puts each of these 10 results in an internal camera buffer
and calculates the average temperature value after having discarded the two highest
and two lowest values in the event of erroneous samples. Every time a new sample
is saved to the internal buffer, the oldest sample will be discarded and a new reference
temperature will be calculated ’on the fly’.

Using an alarm that takesinto account thereference temperature means that an alarm
output will only be triggered if the temperature value exceeds the sum of the average
temperature value in the buffer + the user-defined delta alarm offset value.

8

8.4.1 Setting the reference temperature

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the menu bar.1

Point to Buttons on the Setup menu and press the joystick.2

In the Buttons setup dialog box, press the joystick up/down to go to F1 or F2.3

Press the joystick left/right to select Update ref temp.4

Press the joystick to confirm the choice and leave the dialog box.5

Now point to Image on the Setup menu and press the joystick.6

7

8

Press the joystick up/down to go to Shutter period.
Although the shutter period works independently of other functions described in

this document, FLIR Systems recommends that Short is selected when using the
camera for detection of face temperature.

➲ Selecting Normal will calibrate the camera at least every 15th minute, while se-
lecting Short will calibrate the camera at least every 3rd minute.

Pointing thecamera to the first personwith a normal face temperatureand pressing
the F1 or F2 button will display the message Sampled nn.n °C.

52 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

9

After having carried out the same procedure on the following 9 persons, you can
do one of the following:

Actively continue to sample every new person by the F1 or F2 button, and let

■

the camera update the reference temperature
Stop sampling andlet the camera trigger an alarm as soon as the alarm condi-

■

tions are met (> reference temperature + delta alarm value)

8.4.2 Setting up a silent alarm

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the menu bar.1

2

3

4

5

7

Point to Alarm on the Setup menu and press the joystick to display the Alarm
setup dialog box.

Select Type by pressing the joystick left/right. This setting defines whether the
alarm shouldbe triggered when the temperatureexceeds or drops below thealarm
temperature.

Select Function by pressing the joystick left/right. This setting defines what mea­surement function should be used to trigger the alarm.

Select Identity by pressing thejoystick left/right toassign an identityto the function
selected above.

Select Output by pressing the joystick left/right until Silent is highlighted.6

Specify the Alarm temp by pressing the joystick left/right.
➲ Alarm temp will only be available if Set from ref temp has been disabled below.

8

8

9

Specify whether the alarm temperature should be set from the reference tempera­ture or not by pressing the joystick left/right.

Specify Delta alarm by pressing the joystick left/right.

➲ Delta alarm will only be available if Set from ref temp has been enabled above.

8.4.3 Setting up an audible alarm

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the menu bar.1

2

3

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 53

Point to Alarm on the Setup menu and press the joystick to display the Alarm
setup dialog box.

Select Type by pressing the joystick left/right. This setting defines whether the
alarm shouldbe triggered when the temperatureexceeds or drops below thealarm
temperature.

8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

4

5

7

8

9

Select Function by pressing the joystick left/right. This setting defines what mea­surement function should be used to trigger the alarm.

Select Identity by pressing thejoystick left/right toassign an identityto the function
selected above.

Select Output by pressing the joystick left/right until Beep is highlighted.6

Specify the Alarm temp by pressing the joystick left/right.
➲ Alarm temp will only be available if Set from ref temp has been disabled below.

Specify whether the alarm temperature should be set from the reference tempera­ture or not by pressing the joystick left/right.

Specify Delta alarm by pressing the joystick left/right.
➲ Delta alarm will only be available if Set from ref temp has been enabled above.

8

54 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

8 – Tutorials

8.5 Creating a text comment file

Follow this procedure to create a text comment file to be used in the camera:

ActionStep

1

Using any ASCII text editor (Notepad, Wordpad etc), type the first label within
brackets:

<Company>

2

3

4

On the next line, type the value, but this time without brackets:

FLIR Systems

The final result should look like this:

<Company>
FLIR Systems

If you want to add more labels and values, simply repeatthe procedure – likethis:

<Company>
FLIR Systems
<Building>
Workshop
<Section>
Room 1
<Equipment>
Tool 1
<Recommendation>
Repair

Save the file to Desktop and change the file extension to .tcf.5

6

7

Transfer the *.tcf file to your PDA. You can also move the file to the camera using
the CompactFlash™ card.

Beam the file from the PDA (or laptop) to the camera.

8

For more information about beaming text comment files, see section 10.2.2.7.1 –
Beaming a text comment file to the camera on page 93.

8

You can now use the file to add text comment to your infrared images.
For more information about adding text comments, see section 10.2.2.7 – Text

comment on page 92.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 55

8 – Tutorials

8.6 Changing level & span

8.6.1 Changing the level

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

2

3

If the camera is in continuous adjust mode, point to Manual adjust on the Image
menu and press the joystick.

Change the level by moving the joystick up/down. An arrow pointing upwards or
downwards will be displayed.

Press the joystick to leave level/span mode.4

➲ You can also change the level by pointing to Level/Span on the Image menu, and
then change the level by moving the joystick up/down.

For more information about level, see section 10.2.4.4 – Level/Span on page 111.

8.6.2 Changing the span

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

8

2

3

If the camera is in continuous adjust mode, point to Manual adjust on the Image
menu and press the joystick.

Change the span by moving the joystick left/right. Two arrows pointing away from
each other or towards each other will be displayed.

Press the joystick to leave level/span mode.4

➲ You can also change the span by pointing to Level/Span on the Image menu, and
then change the span by moving the joystick left/right.

For more information about span, see section 10.2.4.4 – Level/Span on page 111.

56 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

8.7 Changing system settings

8.7.1 Changing the language

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Local settings on the Setup menu and press the joystick.2

Move the joystick up/down to select Language.3

Move the joystick left/right to change the language.4

8 – Tutorials

5

Press the joystick to confirm your changes and leave the dialog box.
➲ Changing the language will make the camera restart the camera program. This

will take a few seconds.

8.7.2 Changing the temperature unit

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Local Settings on the Setup menu and press the joystick.2

Move the joystick up/down to select Temp unit.3

Move the joystick left/right to change the temperature unit.4

Press the joystick to confirm your changes and leave the dialog box.5

8.7.3 Changing the date format

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Local Settings on the Setup menu and press the joystick.2

Move the joystick up/down to select Date format.3

Move the joystick left/right to change the date format.4

Press the joystick to confirm your changes and leave the dialog box.5

8

8.7.4 Changing the time format

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Local Settings on the Setup menu and press the joystick.2

Move the joystick up/down to select Time format.3

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 57

8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

Move the joystick left/right to change the time format.4

Press the joystick to confirm your changes and leave the dialog box.5

8.7.5 Changing date & time

ActionStep

Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar.1

Point to Date/time on the Setup menu and press the joystick.2

Move the joystick up/down to select year, month, day, minute and second.3

Move the joystick left/right to change each parameter.4

Press the joystick to confirm your changes and leave the dialog box.5

8

58 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

8 – Tutorials

8.8 Working with the camera

8.8.1 Mounting an additional lens

➲ Before trying to remove fingerprints or other marks on the lens elements, see section

14.2 – Lenses on page 137.

10396903;a2

Figure 8.3 Mounting an additional lens

ActionStep

1

2

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 59

Make sure the index mark on the IR lens is lined up with the index mark on the
camera.

Carefully push the lens into the lens recess.
➲ Do not use excessive force.

Rotate the lens 30° clock-wise.3

8

8 – Tutorials

8.8.2 Camera setup when using the Protective Window (P/N 1 194 977)

The protective window (P/N 1 194 977) contains an optical material that affects the
transmission of infrared radiation to the FPA detector inside the camera. This means
that you have to specify a temperature and a transmission value for external optics
in the camera software for P and S series cameras.

Follow this procedure to enter the temperature and transmission value for external
optics:

ActionStep

Point to Analysis on the menu bar and press the joystick.1

Point to Object param and press the joystick.2

Set External optics to On.3

4

5

8

Enter a transmission value of 0.83 in the Optics transmission text box by moving
the joystickleft/right. Thisvalue has been measured at FLIR SystemsAB, Sweden.

Enter an external temperature for the lens in the Optics temperature text box by
moving the joystick left/right. Usually, this temperature is the same temperature
as the camera’s ambient temperature. However, in some situations –such as when
looking at very hot targets – the temperature can be considerably higher.

Press the joystick to confirm the changes and leave the dialog box.6

8.8.3 Focusing the camera using autofocus

ActionStep

Press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera.1

2

Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the focus. An indicator
will be displayed on the left side of the screen when focusing.

8.8.4 Focusing the camera manually

ActionStep

Press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera.1

2

Adjust the focus by moving the joystick up/down. An indicator will be displayed
on the left side of the screen when focusing.

8.8.5 Using the electronic zoom

ActionStep

Press the green ON/OFF button to switch on the camera.1

60 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

2

Adjust the zoom factor by moving the joystick left/right. An indicator will be dis­played on the left side of the screen when zooming.

8.8.6 Inserting & removing the battery

➲ The camera is shipped with charged batteries. To increase battery life, the battery
should be fully discharged and charged a couple of times. You can do this by using
the camera until the battery is fully depleted.

8.8.6.1 Inserting the battery

10397003;a2

Figure 8.4 Inserting the battery

ActionStep

Open the lid of the battery compartment by pressing its locking mechanism.1

8

Push the battery into thebattery compartment until the battery release spring locks.2

Close the lid of the battery compartment.3

8.8.6.2 Removing the battery

10397103;a2

Figure 8.5 Removing the battery

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8 – Tutorials

ActionStep

Open the lid of the battery compartment by pressing its locking mechanism.1

The battery release spring will pushout the battery from the battery compartment.2

Close the lid of the battery compartment.3

For more information about the battery system, see section 12 – Electrical power
system on page 129.

8.8.7 Removing & attaching the remote control from the camera handle

➲ The remote control is mounted on the camera handle by means of a fixed front
latch and a rear spring-loaded latch. See the figure on page 72.

8.8.7.1 Removing the remote control

10397203;a3

8

Figure 8.6 Removing the remote control

ActionStep

1

Firmly hold the camera in your left hand and grab the handle of the remote control
in your right hand.

Pull the handle backwards until the front of the handle is released from its latch.2

You can now remove the remote control from the camera handle.3

8.8.7.2 Attaching the remote control

➲ The remote control should not be attached to the camera handle when you use
the heat shield. The heat shield does not protect the remote control from heat.

62 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

10397303;a3

Figure 8.7 Attaching the remote control

ActionStep

8 – Tutorials

1

Firmly hold the camera in your left hand and hold the remote control in your right
hand.

2

Align the remotecontrol handle with the camera handle sothat the rear end of the
remote control handle mates with the rear spring-loaded latch.

3

Pull the remote control handle backwards and then push it down – towards the
camera handle – to lock it between the two latches.

8

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8 – Tutorials

8

64 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

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9 Camera overview

9.1 Camera parts

10394103;a4

9

Figure 9.1 Camera parts, 1

Description of partCallout

1

2

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 65

+/– buttons
For moreinformation about the functionality ofthis button, seesection 9.2 – Keypad

buttons & functions on page 75.

F1 button
For moreinformation about the functionality ofthis button, seesection 9.2 – Keypad

buttons & functions on page 75.

9 – Camera overview

Description of partCallout

3

4

F2 button
For moreinformation about the functionality ofthis button, seesection 9.2 – Keypad

buttons & functions on page 75.

Camera status LCD
For more information about the LCD, see section 9.5 – Camera status LCD on

page 79.

Connector for remote control5

Viewfinder6

Removable remote control with 4" LCD7

9

66 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

10568603;a1

9 – Camera overview

Figure 9.2 Camera parts, 2

Description of partCallout

1

C button
For more information about the C button, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

Lid of the battery compartment2

3

S button
For more information about the S button, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

4

A button
For more information about the A button, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

Hand strap5

6

RS-232/USB connector
The connector is also used as a connector for video lamp (see figure 9.3 on page

69).

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 67

9

9 – Camera overview

Description of partCallout

7

Bluetooth® antenna
For information about connecting a headset featuring Bluetooth® wireless tech-

nology, see section 10.2.5.6 – Bluetooth® on page 120.
➲ Depending on your camera configuration, this feature may be an extra option.

Lens8

9

68 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

9 – Camera overview

10563403;a1

Figure 9.3 Video lamp, to be inserted in the RS-232/USB connector. The video lamp will automatically be
switched on when the user switches to visual mode.

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 69

9

9 – Camera overview

10394403;a4

9

Figure 9.4 Camera parts, 3

Description of partCallout

Cover for additional connectors1

2

3

70 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

Joystick
For more information about the joystick, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

ON/OFF button (green)
For more information about the ON/OFF button, see section9.2 – Keypadbuttons

& functions on page 75.

9 – Camera overview

Description of partCallout

4

IrDA infrared communication link (to communicate with the camera using a PDA,
laptop computer etc.)

For more information about using IrDA, see section 9.4 – IrDA infrared communi­cation link on page 78.

9

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 71

9 – Camera overview

10394603;a4

9

Figure 9.5 Camera parts, 4

Description of partCallout

Spring-loaded locking latch for the remote control1

72 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

9 – Camera overview

Description of partCallout

2

Laser LocatIR with lens cap
➲ Please note the following:

A laser icon appears on the screen when the Laser LocatIR is switched on.

■

Since the distance between the laser beam and the image center will vary by

■

the target distance, Laser LocatIRshould only be used asan aiming aid. Always
check the LCD to make sure the camera captures the desired target.
Do not look directly into the laser beam.

■

When not in use, the Laser LocatIR should always be protected by the lens

■

cap.

For more information about Laser LocatIR, see section 9.6 – Laser LocatIR on
page 80.

3

Button for Laser LocatIR
For more information about Laser LocatIR, see section 9.6 – Laser LocatIR on

page 80.

4

Visual camera
For more information about the visual camera, see section 9.7 – Visual camera on

page 81.

9

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 73

9 – Camera overview

10395003;a3

Figure 9.6 Removable remote control

Description of partCallout

1

2

9

3

4

S button
For more information about the S button, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

C button
For more information about the C button, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

A button
For more information about the A button, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

Joystick
For more information about the joystick, see section 9.2 – Keypad buttons &

functions on page 75.

74 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

9.2 Keypad buttons & functions

Figure 9.7 Camera buttons – explanations

CommentsButton

9 – Camera overview

ON/OFF

A

S

C

Joystick

+/–

F1

Press briefly to switch on the camera

■

Press and hold down for a few seconds to switch off the camera

■

Press briefly to autoadjust the camera

■

Press and hold down for a few seconds autofocus the camera

■

Press briefly to freeze an image

■

Press briefly to store an image if the image is currently frozen

■

Press and hold down for a few seconds to store without freezing

■

the image
Press to move between panes in some dialog boxes

■

Press to leave freeze mode and go to live mode

■

Press to leave dialog boxes without changing any settings

■

Press twice to leave edit mode

■

If the camera is in manual adjust mode, press to change the

■

function of the joystick to level (up/down) and span (left/right)

Press to display the menu system

■

Press to exit the menu system

■

Press to confirm selections and leave dialog boxes

■

Press to select measurement markers

■

Move up/down or left/right to navigate in menus, dialog boxes,

■

and on the screen
Move up/down or left/right to move or resize measurement

■

markers
Move up/down to change focus and left/right to zoom

■

If the camera is in manual adjust mode, press C to change the

■

function of the joystick to level (up/down) and span (left/right)

Programmable functions:

Focus

■

Zoom

■

Level

■

Span

■

Programmable functions:

None

■

Adjust once

■

Auto focus

■

Reverse palette

■

Next palette

■

Visual/IR

■

Update ref temp

■

9

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9 – Camera overview

CommentsButton

F2

Programmable functions:

None

■

Adjust once

■

Auto focus

■

Reverse palette

■

Next palette

■

Visual/IR

■

Update ref temp

■

Press to switch on Laser LocatIRButton for Laser LocatIR

9

76 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

9 – Camera overview

9.3 Autofocus

To focus the camera using the autofocus feature, press and hold down the A button
for one second.

➲ Please note the following:

■ The area that the camera uses when autofocusing is a 80 × 60 pixel box, centered

vertically and horizontally on the screen

■ The camera will have difficulties autofocusing when the image has low contrasts

between different areas

■ You should keep the camera steady when autofocusing

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 77

9

9 – Camera overview

9.4 IrDA infrared communication link

If you have access to a PDA or a laptop computer equipped with an IrDA infrared
communication link, youcan beam files to theinternal flash memory in ThermaCAM™
P65 HS:

■ If you beam a text comment file (*.tcf), it will be used as labels and values when

adding text comments to infrared images

■ If you beam aPocketWord (*.psw) file it can either be used as an image description

for an infrared image, or as a label or value when adding text comments to infrared
images

For more information about beaming text comment files, see section 10.2.2.7.1 –
Beaming a text comment file to the camera on page 93.
For more information about beaming PocketWord files, see section 10.2.2.7 – Text
comment on page 92 and section 10.2.2.8 – Image description on page 97.

9

78 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

9 – Camera overview

9.5 Camera status LCD

The camera status LCD on the left side of the camera displays information about
battery status, communication status, memory status etc.

10346003;a3

Figure 9.8 Camera status LCD

Figure 9.9 Camera status LCD – explanations

CommentsCallout

1

Battery status bar. The frame around the battery status bar is switched on when
a battery is inserted.

All segments switched on = fully charged battery

■

All segments switched off = empty battery or no battery inserted

■

2

Battery indicator. Switched on if a batteryis inserted, flashing if thebattery is being
charged internally.

CompactFlash card indicator. Switched on if a CompactFlash card is inserted.3

4

CompactFlash status bar:

All segments switched on = the card is empty

■

All segments switched off = the card is full

■

Burst recording indicator. Switched on during burst recording.5

Communication indicator. Switched on when a communication link is active.6

7

Power indicator:

Both segments switched on when the camera is switched on

■

Both segments switched off when the camera is switched off

■

The outer segment flashing when the camera is in ‘deep sleep’

■

External power indicator. Switched on when the camera is externally powered.8

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9

9 – Camera overview

9.6 Laser LocatIR

The ThermaCAM™ P65 HS infrared camera features a laser pointer located at the
front of the camera handle. To display the laser dot, press the Laser LocatIR button
on left side of the handle. The laser dot will appear approx. 91 mm/3.6" above the
target.

➲ Please note the following:

■ A laser icon appears on the screen when the Laser LocatIR is switched on.

■ Since the distance between the laser beam and the image center will vary by the

target distance,Laser LocatIR shouldonly be usedas an aimingaid. Always check
the LCD to make sure the camera captures the desired target.

■ Do not look directly into the laser beam.

■ When not in use, the Laser LocatIR should always be protected by the lens cap.

10376403;a2

Figure 9.10 Wavelength: 635 nm. Max. output power: 1 mW. This product complies with 21 CFR 1040.10
and 1040.11 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated July 26th, 2001

10395103;a3

9

Figure 9.11 Distance between the laser beam and the image center

80 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

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FAX [phone] - TestEquipmentDepot.com

9 – Camera overview

9.7 Visual camera

The ThermaCAM™ P65 HS infrared camera features a visual camera located at the
front of the camera handle. The visual camera has no motorized focus and you will
need to occasionally focus the camera by rotating the lens manually.

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9

9 – Camera overview

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10 Camera program

10.1 Screen objects

10.1.1 Result table

The results of measurement markers are displayed in a result table in the top right­hand corner of the screen.

Figure 10.1 Explanation of measurement markers appearing in the result table

ExplanationIcon

Spot

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Box 1, maximum temperature

Box 1, minimum temperature

Box 1, average temperature

Circle 1, maximum temperature

Circle 1, minimum temperature

Circle 1, average temperature

Line 1, maximum temperature

Line 1, minimum temperature

Line 1, average temperature

Line 1, cursor temperature

Isotherm 1, above

Isotherm 1, below

Isotherm 1, interval

Isotherm 1, dual above

Isotherm 1, dual below

Difference calculationXXX–YYY

Camera reference temperature

10

✴

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The ✴ symbol indicates uncertain result due to an internal updating process after
the range has been changed or the camera has been started. The symbol disap­pears after 15 seconds.

10 – Camera program

10.1.2 Status bar

10388403;a2

Figure 10.2 Status bar, showing atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, distance to target, zoom
factor, date & time, temperature range, emissivity, and reflected ambient temperature.

Information aboutan image andthe current conditionsappear on thefirst and second
bottom lines of the screen. If text comments are attached to an image file, they are
displayed above these two lines.

➲ If you enter an emissivity value less than 0.30 the emissivity box will begin flashing
to remind you that this value is unusually low.

10.1.3 Temperature scale

10388503;a2

Figure 10.3 Temperature scale

The temperature scale is displayed on the right-hand side of the screen. The scale
shows how the colors are distributed along the various temperatures in the image,

10

with high temperatures at the upper end and low temperatures at the lower end.

10.1.4 System messages

10.1.4.1 Status messages

Status messages are displayed at the bottom of the screen, or in the top left part of
the screen. Here you will find information about the current status of the camera, etc.

Figure 10.4 Status messages – a few examples

ExplanationMessage

Message is displayed when the image is frozen.Frozen

Manual

Restarting

Message isdisplayed whenthe camerais currentlyin manualadjust
mode.

Message is displayed when the software is restarted, i.e. after Fac-
tory default.

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10 – Camera program

ExplanationMessage

Message is displayed while an image is being saved.Saving as

10.1.4.2 Warning messages

Warning messages are displayed in thecenter of the screen. Here youwill find impor­tant information about battery status, etc.

Figure 10.5 Critical camera information – a few examples

ExplanationMessage

The battery level is below a critical level.Battery low

The camera will be switched off immediately.Shutting down

The camera will be switched off in 2 seconds.Shutting down in 2 seconds

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10

10 – Camera program

10.2 Menu system

10.2.1 Navigating in the menu system

■ Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar

■ Press the joystick to confirm selections in menus and dialog boxes

■ Press the C button to exit the menu system

■ Press the C button to cancel selections in menus and dialog boxes

■ Move the joystick up/down to move up/down in menus, submenus and dialog

boxes

■ Move the joystickright/left to move right/left in menusand submenus, andto change

values in dialog boxes

10

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10 – Camera program

10.2.2 File menu

10.2.2.1 Images

10565703;a2

Figure 10.6 Images folder

Point to Images and press the joystick to display a thumbnail view of the files on the
CompactFlash® card, or in the internal camera memory. The following files are dis­played:

■ infrared images

■ visual images

■ *.seq files (sequence files captured using burst recording)

■ *.avi files (DV-AVI files captured using burst recording)

■ *.etf files (emissivity table files)

■ *.tcf files (text comment files)

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10

10 – Camera program

10565803;a4

Figure 10.7 Images folder, showing the context menu

In the Images folder you can do the following:

■ Open an imageby selecting theimage using thejoystick, then pressingthe joystick.

For more information, see see section 8.2.2 – Opening an image on page 46.

■ Create a new folder by selecting an image, then pressing and holding down the

joystick, and selecting Create new folder. For more information, see see section

8.2.6 – Create a new folder on page 47.

■ Delete an image by selecting the image, then pressing and holding down the joy-

stick, and selecting Delete. For more information, see see section 8.2.3 – Deleting
one or several images on page 46.

■ Delete all images by selecting an image, then pressing and holding down the joy-

10

stick, and selecting Delete all. For more information, see see section 8.2.3 –
Deleting one or several images on page 46.

■ Navigate between the internal camera memory and the external CompactFlash™

card. For moreinformation, see see section 8.2.4 – Navigating between theinternal
camera memory and external CompactFlash™ card on page 46.

■ Navigate in folders. For more information, see see section 8.2.5 – Navigating in

folders on page 47.

10.2.2.2 Save

Point to Save and press the joystick to save the displayed image to the internal flash
memory, orthe CompactFlash card. The internal memoryallocated for saving images
is 8 MB.

For more information about saving images, and using voice and text comments, see
section 10.2.5.3 – Save on page 117, 10.2.2.6 – Voice comment on page 91and

10.2.2.7 – Text comment on page 92.

88 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006

10 – Camera program

10.2.2.3 Copy to card

Point to Copy to card to copy the contents of the internal image folder to a automati­cally created folder on a CompactFlash® card

10.2.2.4 Periodic save

10389603;a3

Figure 10.8 Periodic save dialog box

Point to Periodic save and press the joystick to display the Periodic save dialog box.
Using the periodic save feature, you can save a number of images, at a certain se­lectable periodicity, to the internal flash memory or the CompactFlash card. Together
with the images, all the current conditions will be saved.

Figure 10.9 Explanations of the Periodic save dialog box

CommentActionTask

The periodicity can be set from
10 seconds up to 24 hours. Se­lect Fast → On for shortest pos­sible time interval (< 10 sec­onds).

Stopping the recording

Move the joystick left/rightSetting the periodicity

Press the joystickStarting the recording

Press the joystick again
➲ Images will be stored sequentially in the current directory. If the

recording is stopped and then started again the new images will be
added at the end of the previous sequence in the same directory.

10.2.2.5 Burst recording

➲ Depending on your camera configuration, this feature may be an extra option. The
RAM memory allocated for burst recording is 128 MB. This memory is only used to
temporarily save SEQ or AVI files during burst recording. As soon as you exit the
burst recording dialog you will need to save the files either in the internal flash mem­ory, or on an external CompactFlash card.

Point to Burst recording and press the joystick to display the Burst recording dialog
box. Using the burst recording feature, you can:

■ record and save a sequence of frames at a very high speed

Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006 89

10

10 – Camera program

■ save specific frames as infrared images

■ play back the sequence backward and forward

■ set stop and start frames in a sequence to save a part of the sequence

■ choose between looped or linear recording mode

10389703;a2

Figure 10.10 Burst recording toolbar and progress bar

Figure 10.11 Explanations of the Burst recording toolbar

ExplanationCallout

Go to beginning of frame sequence1

Go to previous frame in the frame sequence2

Play back the frame sequence backward3

Stop the recording or the playback of the frame sequence4

10

Play back the frame sequence forward5

Go to the next frame in the frame sequence6

Go to the end of the frame sequence7

Set start frame for saving of the frame sequence8

Set stop frame for saving of the frame sequence9

90 Publ. No. 1558240 Rev. a156 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 1, 2006