Exergen DT 1001-RS, DT 1001, DT 1001-LT, DT 1001-LN User Manual
EXERGENEXERGEN
EXERGEN
EXERGENEXERGEN
USER’S MANUAL
AND REFERENCE
BOOK
DermaTemp 1001
Infrared Thermographic Scanner
Unparalleled Accuracy
. . .at the Speed of Light
Table of Contents
I. The Instruments............................................................ 1
The Instruments’ Features................................................. 2
Optional Disposable Covers............................................... 2
Instructions for Applying Disposable Covers......................3
Contact vs. Non-Contact Measurements............................3
Operation and Controls...................................................... 4
ON/OFF.............................................................................. 4
To Lock Reading................................................................. 4
To Restart........................................................................... 4
Operating Modes................................................................ 5
Non-Contact Scanning....................................................... 5
Changing the Battery.......................................................... 6
Fahrenheit or Celsius Conversion...................................... 6
Care and Maintenance........................................................7
Self Diagnostics..................................................................7
Customer Service............................................................... 8
II. Body Surface Temperature..........................................9
History and Introduction......................................................9
Body Surface Temperature................................................. 10
Infrared Thermometry......................................................... 11
The DermaTemp Infrared Thermographic Scanner............13
Method Impedimenta.......................................................... 13
Ambient Effect on Body Surface Temperature................... 14
Solving the Problems..........................................................14
Emissivity............................................................................15
Alice’s Quest for Emissivity................................................ 17
Correcting for Emissivity Automatically...............................18
Detection by Exception....................................................... 18
III. Clinical Applications....................................................20
Regional Blocks..................................................................20
Epidural Catheter Positioning............................................. 21
Joint Inflammation..............................................................21
Digital Perfusion Assessment............................................ 22
Reconstructive Surgery.......................................................22
Lower Back Pain.................................................................23
Diabetic Foot Screening..................................................... 23
Peripheral Nerve Injury........................................................24
Cerebrovascular Disorders.................................................24
Neonatal Skin Temperature................................................ 25
Wound Management.......................................................... 25
Thermal Assessment of Skin Diseases and Allergy........... 26
Skin Temperature in Prognosis of the Critically Ill...............26
Temperature Gradients in Detection of Shock....................27
Raynaud’s Syndrome..........................................................27
Other Areas or Applications of Interest...............................28
IV. References.................................................................. 29
V. Product Specifications................................................ 31
I. The Instruments
The DermaTemp is a high precision hand-held infrared thermographic
scanner designed to detect the subtle skin temperature variations caused
by underlying perfusion variations.
These instruments feature a patented automatic emissivity compensation system for absolute accuracy regardless of skin type or color, and
provide an instant temperature measurement on any surface location
on the human body without the need for tissue contact.
In those applications where tissue contact is desirable or cross-contamination is an issue, the use of disposable wraps or sheaths allows
even moist or wet tissue to be measured with precision accuracy.
The models include:
DT-1001 the standard model
DT-1001 LT has a conveniently angled stainless steel probe,
and can be used with or without disposable probe
wraps
DT-1001 LN has a longer probe than the DT-1001, and can
be used with or without a disposable sheath. The
sheath encases the entire instrument.
DT-1001 RS has a remote stainless steel sensor attached to
the instrument by cable, convenient for those especially hard to reach areas.
All instruments can be cleaned with any hospital approved disinfectant,
including bleach, and can be gas or plasma sterilized.
The DermaTemp is recommended for use in such areas as plastic and
vascular surgery, anesthesiology, pain management, rheumatology,
neurology, oncology, and wound management.
1
The Instruments Feature:
• Full range resolution to 0.1°F/C
• SCAN, MAX and/or MIN modes of operation, model specific
• Fahrenheit/Celsius conversion
• A 10-second display lock
• An audible beeper to signal functional or conditional changes
• Hermetically sealed sensing system to withstand gas and plasma
sterilization, and cleaning with any hospital approved disinfectant
including bleach and alcohol.
• Pencil-like stainless steel sensor on the RS version.
• Optional disposable cover usage:
- Complete encasement with disposable sheaths for the LN
version.
- Full probe covering with disposable wraps for the LT version.
Optional Disposable Covers
The use of disposable covers with the DT-1001 LT is optional, depending on the requirements of the application. Recommended guidelines
are as follows:
Use With Disposable Cover
For absolute accuracy, minimizing the effects of emissivity and
evaporative cooling, contact with the measurement site is recommended. Accordingly, when direct contact is employed, use of a
disposable probe cover is recommended.
When touching moist tissue, use of a disposable cover is required
specifically to avoid a lower temperature from the effects of evaporative cooling, and to protect against the risk of cross contamination.
Use Without Disposable Cover
If the measurement site is dry, direct contact can confidently be
made without the use of a disposable cover. When the site is dry
and the precise temperature is not a prerequisite, the measurement can be made without even contacting the skin. The probe
can be cleaned with any hospital approved disinfectant, even bleach
solution.
2
Stop
Instructions for Applying Disposable Covers
Model 1001 LT Only
Start with film perforation at edge of
box tongue. Pinch bottom of white
ring, push ring over peg.
1
at Perforation
Release pinch, gently pull box away
from probe to release film from box.
Pinch just below next ring, before perforation.
2
Rotate instrument into film until probe
faces opposite direction, push ring on
peg.
3
Release pinch. Pull box slightly away
until next white ring is visible. Pinch
ring, break film apart at perforation.
4
Contact vs. Non-Contact Measurements
In using any infrared temperature device, closer is always better, as the
field of view increases proportionately to the distance from the surface.
Accordingly, for maximum accuracy the probe must contact the surface at the point of interest. It does not need to be tightly pressed to the
surface; a gentle touch is all that is required.
When contact with the surface is not an option, position the probe within
1/2 inch from the surface of interest. If using a non-contact protocol,
the relative temperature indication of the instrument will be accurate.
3
Operation and Controls
The DermaTemp infrared thermographic scanner models 1001, 1001
LN, LT and RS are all identical in performance and specifications. All
are maximized for ease of use. The remote sensor on the RS version
can either be left attached to the instrument for one-handed operation,
or separated for use in hard-to-reach areas of interest. The LN and LT
models can be used with or without disposable covers
Using the DermaTemp
The DermaTemp is equipped with an ON/OFF power button and a mode
selector switch, model specific. The mode selector switch allows you
to choose one of the three modes of operation, SCAN, MAX, or MIN.
The LT model is designed in a peak select mode, and automatically
selects and locks the highest reading when the ON/OFF button is
released.
ON/OFF:
To turn the instrument on, depress the red ON/OFF power push button. The single beep will audibly indicate that the instrument is on.
The display will momentarily read 8888,
an indication that the microprocessor is
performing a self-diagnostic check. After the test, the unit will measure and display temperature in the selected operating mode for as long as the power button
is depressed.
To Lock Reading:
Release the red ON/OFF button to lock reading on display. The single
beep will audibly indicate that the display is locked. The DermaTemp
will hold the last reading on the display for 10 seconds before it automatically turns off.
If you are using a DermaTemp 1001 LT, the highest temperature measured will be retained before automatic turn off.
To Restart:
Depress the button anytime to restart. It is not necessary to wait until
the display is clear. The DermaTemp automatically recalibrates each
time the button is depressed.
4
Operating Modes (Model Specific)
• SCAN: In the SCAN mode, the target’s instantaneous tempera-
ture is continuously displayed and updated 10 times per second
for as long as you keep the button depressed. After the power
button is released, the display will lock on the last temperature
measured and hold that reading for 10 seconds.
• MAX: In the MAX (peak hold) mode, the display will lock on the
highest temperature measured for as long as you hold the power
button down. Each time a new peak temperature is measured or
repeated, an audible beep will sound. After you release the power
button, the display will lock on the maximum recorded temperature and hold that reading for 10 seconds.
• MIN: In the MIN (valley hold) mode, the display will lock on the
lowest temperature measured as long as the power button is depressed. Each time a new low temperature is measured, a beep
will sound. After the power button is released, the display will lock
on the minimum recorded temperature and hold that reading for
10 seconds.
Non-Contact Scanning
For situations where even light contact is contraindicated, bring the
instrument nose as close to the measuring site as safely possible, keeping the following in mind:
The instrument’s field-of-view, also referred to as the distance-tospot ratio, is 1:1. A 1:1 field-of-view means that the sensor sees
a circular area with a diameter equal to the distance between the
sensor and the target area.
For example, at a distance of 2 inches (5 cm), the sensor sees a 2
inch (5 cm) diameter spot. The minimum spot size is approximately 1/4 inch (6 mm) when touching.
The DermaTemp averages the temperature of everything in its
field-of-view.
A small hot spot may get lost in a large viewing area. The closer
you hold the instrument to a surface, the sharper its target resolution.
5
Changing the Battery
2. Push
A standard 9-Volt alkaline battery will require replacement only once or
twice per year under normal use. To replace, loosen the four captive
screws and remove the cover. Disconnect the old battery and replace
with a new one in the same location. Replace the cover and tighten the
four screws. Use only high quality alkaline batteries or their equivalent.
Captive Screws
9-Volt Alkaline
Battery
Fahrenheit or Celsius Conversion
The DermaTemp can be used in either °F or °C. The only tool necessary to convert from one scale to the other is a paper clip.
• Find the small hole on the
left side of the red display
filter.
• Straighten the paper clip.
• Insert the end of the pa-
per clip into the hole and
push to activate the small
switch underneath.
1. Push and hold
• While holding the paper
clip pressed into the switch, turn the instrument on by pressing
the red button.
• Remove the paper clip.
• To return to the original setting, repeat the process.
6
Care and Maintenance
Handling
Your DermaTemp is designed and built to industrial durability standards in order to provide long and trouble-free service. However,
it is also a high precision optical instrument, and should be accorded the same degree of care in handling as you would provide
other precision optical instruments, such as cameras or otoscopes.
Calibration
Factory calibration data is installed via a computer through an optical link with the microprocessor. The instrument automatically
self-calibrates each time it is turned on using this data, and will
never require recalibration. If readings are not correct, the instrument should be returned for repair.
Cleaning
The DermaTemp can be gas or plasma sterilized, or wiped down
with any hospital approved disinfectant, even bleach. With normal use, the only maintenance required is to keep the lens on the
end of the probe clean. It is made of special mirror-like, infraredtransmitting material called Germanium.
Dirt, greasy films or moisture on the lens will interfere with the
passage of infrared heat and affect the accuracy of the instrument. If necessary, clean the lens with an alcohol prep or a cotton
swab dipped in alcohol. Periodic cleaning is a good practice.
Self Diagnostics
Continuous Single Beeping
The high performance DermaTemp continuously monitors its ability to produce accurate temperature readings. If either the target’s
temperature or the unit’s ambient temperature exceeds the operational limits, the beeper will sound once per second and the LED
display will default to a display message.
When the target temperature is outside of the instrument’s operating range, the unit will display either HI or LO and will beep continuously at one beep per second. When the instrument’s own
temperature is outside operating limits for ambient temperature,
the display will show either HI A or LO A, and will beep continuously at one beep per second.
7
Continuous Double Beeping
The battery voltage is also monitored. A low battery is indicated
by a continuous double beep per second. Temperatures will continue to be displayed as long as accuracy can be assured. If the
battery drops below 5.7 volts, it is considered “dead” and the display defaults to
(——).
Customer Service
If repair is required:
• Contact Exergen for a Return Materials Authorization Num-
ber (RMA).
• Mark the RMA number on the outside of your package and
packing slips.
• Include a description of the fault if possible.
• Send the instrument freight/postage prepaid to
Exergen Corporation
51 Water Street
Watertown, MA 02172
Attention: RMA_______
• The instrument will be returned freight/postage prepaid.
Questions:
Should you have any clinical or technical questions, please contact a customer service representative in the medical division at
Exergen Corporation. They may be contacted either by phone
(617-923-9900), fax (617-923-9911) or email to
medical@exergen.com.
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II. Body Surface Temperature
History and Introduction
As early as 2800 BC, the Egyptians, using the scanning sensitivity of
the fingers over the surface of the body, recognized that the body produces heat, and that heat increases with disease. Further recognizing
the distinction between local inflammation and fever, the Egyptians set
the foundation for monitoring body surface temperature as a separate
and distinct diagnostic methodology from the monitoring of core body
temperature.
But the ancient diagnostic technique
of feeling for heat is highly subjective, and only as sensitive as the
hand of the feeler. The test of temperature is relative to the detector.
A cold hand will indicate a warm
body surface that a warm hand will
Typical 19th Century Thermometer
indicate as cold. Certainly, the hand
of an experienced physician laid upon the skin could provide much useful information about the temperature of the patient and the course of
an illness, but eventually a more objective assessment was possible
with the introduction of the clinical thermometer developed during the
last century.
One of the earliest references to actually quantifying body surface temperature as a clinical diagnostic was in 1864 during the Civil War. Dr.
Jackson Chambliss, a surgeon in the Confederate Army, used a thermometer to diagnose a traumatic femoral aneurysm by showing that
surface temperature was decreased distally in the affected leg.
1
In more recent times, the measurement of the surface temperature of
the human body has not been routinely undertaken in many clinical environments - not because the measurement lacks clinical significance,
but because it has been difficult to
acquire. Conventional mercury or
electronic thermometers have generally been ineffective for surface
temperature measurements for three reasons: 1) they are difficult to
properly attach to the body surface, 2) they require a significant amount
of time for the sensor portion of the device to equilibrate to the body
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