D-Series Handheld IR Scanners
Microscanner
D-Series
A MUST FOR
ISO 9001
ISO 9002
ISO 9003
™
The Only
Certified Accurate
Surface Temperature Instruments
in the World
D501 and D501-RS
TRACEABILITY
PROGRAMS
Common Surface
Measurement Errors
Pre-set Emissivity errors? very sensitive
1
Emissivity shift errors? very sensitive
2
User adjustment errors? very sensitive
3
Background reflection errors?
4
Contact errors? no effect
5
Friction heating errors? no effect
6
Heat sinking errors? no effect
7
Time based errors? no effect
8
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • F ax 617-923-9911
Temperature
Conventional IR
“Point and Shoot”
Microscanner
D-Series IR
Thermometers
no effect
no effect
no effect
no effect no effect
no effect
no effect
no effect
no effect
guns and probes,
including laser
aimed units
very sensitive
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • Fax 617-923-9911
Conventional
contact probes,
thermocouples,
thermistors
very sensitive
very sensitive
very sensitive
very sensitive
RTDs,
no effect
no effect
no effect
D-Series Handheld IR Scanners
The D-Series is an entirely different type of instrument than conventional temper ature measuring devices.
Designed specifically for the highest possible accuracy, it is the only infrared instrument which can be certified
as to NIST-tracable accuracy on real surfaces of unknown emissivity, while completely free of contact errors and
heat sinking errors of contact devices.
Actual measurement area is in
the center, well away from
the area contacted by the edge
of the cone.
Recessed cone traps
all emitted surface
radiation, and blocks
out any radiation
from environment.
Only a thin lip of
material actually
contacts the target,
thus minimizing heat
transfer.
Figure 1. Unique Automatic Emissivity Compensation System (AECS) produces accurate
temperatures everywhere the infrared probe is placed, by creating its own blackbody.
Reflective cone automatically
corrects for emissivity
variations by creating an actual
blackbody at the precise
location of measurement.
Effect of Emissivity on Temperature Reading for a
500°F (260°C) Target in 70°F (21°C) ambient
deg F
550
500
450
400
350
300
Non-metals and Oxides
1. Emissivity errors
The true emissivity of a surface is known only
approximately. Conventional IR de vices
without Exergen’ s A utomatic Emissivity
Compensation System can only display an
approximate temperature ov er their entire
temperature range.
The “accuracy” specifications giv en by most
manufacturers are only f or a “b lack body”
calibration and do not hold outside laboratory
conditions. Blac k body calibr ations do not
include emissivity shifts, ambient change
effects on the target, and other phenomena that
Figure 2. D-Series is accurate over a wide emissivity
range, sufficient to include all non-metals. If a marker
(or any other non-metal coating) is used, the D-series is
accurate on clean metals as well. Conventional IR
devices have considerable inaccuracy.
introduce significant errors.
2. Emissivity shift errors
Even if an IR “gun” is set to the correct emissivity to read a surf ace
accurately at a particular temperature, it does not mean that the IR
“gun” will read the same target correctly at other temperatures.
Emissivity of virtually all surfaces changes with temperature. A
common assumption for conv entional IR thermometry is that
emissivity is constant with changes in target surface temperature.
Real materials do not have this characteristic.
D-Series using marker
D-Series w/o marker
Conventional Infrared
Emissivity
ε
Conventional IR
assumption
290
deg C
200
150
00.20.40.60.81
Clean Metals
Actual emissivity
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • Fax 617-923-9911
Temperature
C
D-Series Handheld IR Scanners
3. User adjustment errors
A setting of emissivity = 0.9 on an IR “gun” from one
manufacturer will not necessarily match that of another IR
“gun” from another manuf acturer. There are no standards
set in the industry on the precise measurement and
meaning of “emissivity”.
Also, Quality Assurance progr ams should not rely upon any
instrument that allows users to alter the instrument settings
and to let it display whatev er the user wishes.
4. Bac kg round reflection errors
Even if emissivity is constant (see #2), there are still errors
induced by changing ambient temperatures. For e xample,
with emissivity = 0.9, ambient reflections account for 10% of
the signal that the IR “gun” will see. If ambient changes, the
IR “gun” will display a diff erent target temperature ,
even if
the target remains at the same temperature.
5. Contact errors
Thermocouples, RTDs, thermistors and other contact
devices
only measure their own temperature. The y do not
measure surface temperature. Published “Accuracy”
specifications are for the probes only, not the surfaces they
must measure. Users must guarantee that the probes are
brought to the same temperature as the surface. Can you
guarantee that your probes are brought to the same
temperature as the targets to be measured?
6. Friction heating errors
For moving surf aces, a contact probe is prone to frictional
heating. The size of the error is dependent on the roughness of the surface, the speed, the coating on the probe,
and so on. It is impossib le to control all the v ariables.
7. Heat sinking errors
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Target Reading
Target T (F)
110
106
102
500
400
300
deg F
200
100
for 100°F (38°C) Target with .8 Emissivity
4 162738
Conventional Infrared
D-Series
98
94
90
0 20406080100120
Ambient T (F)
Figure 3. D-Series remains accurate even if the
ambient temperature varies, while conventional IR
devices have considerable inaccuracies.
Time Comparison Between D-Series and Contact
Thermocouple for Measuring a 500 °F (260°C) Surface
Contact Error
D-Series
Contact Probes
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Time from start of Measurement (sec)
Figure 4. D-Series measures surface temperature in a
fraction of a second, while contact probes (thermocouples,
RTD’s, thermistors, etc.) require many minutes to acheive
equilibrium. Contact probes always have a residual error
due to imperfect heat transfer from the surface to probe.
(C)
43
38
32
260
200
150
90
deg
For most non-metals, heat sinking errors can be quite large. The heat transf er rate of the metal leads required on
“contact probes” conducts heat faster than the target material can replace , resulting in unknown and f airly large
errors. In general, the less dense the target material, the larger the heat sinking error with a contact probe.
8. Time based errors
Contact temperature probes are slow . The temper ature of a target can change more quic kly than most probes,
resulting in errors in real time measurement.
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • Fax 617-923-9911
D-Series Handheld IR Scanners
Infrared
Psychrometry
with the
™
Psychrometrics, the science of measurement and
control of moisture in air, is based entirely on
thermodynamics of air and water: the properties and
temperature
common parameters used to describe the psychrometric state of air in an environment, in an oven, or
any area where moisture content can influence
product quality or personnel comfort.
The accurate and reliable measurement of RH is
one of the most challenging tasks in industry, and
has included devices such as chilled mirrors, lithium
chloride cells, aluminum oxide sensors, capacitance
polymer sensors, hair hygrometers , carbon
hygristors, and a wide variety of technologies to
meet the requirements. Calibration and certification
has been even more difficult, due to the f act that
most humidity measuring devices employ
methods and therefore hav e limited traceability.
. Relativ e humidity (RH) is one of the
indirect
Microscanner
D-Series:
Measure
Relative Humidity
to
Certified Accuracy
±
0.5% RH
Air Flow
Thin layer of evaporating water
at thermodynamic equilibrium:
wet-bulb temperature
A MUST FOR
ISO 9001
ISO 9002
ISO 9003
TRACEABILITY
PROGRAMS
Wet Porous Material
The Infrared Psychrometry method with the DSeries is a direct application of the thermodynamics
and mathematics that defines humidity: the D-Series
is capable of measuring the true wet-bulb temperature accurately , and with the dry-bulb temperature ,
the RH can be computed to a very high accuracy via
standard psychrometric equations. The process is
as follows:
A porous material (filter paper is suitable) is wetted
with water (purity is not important), and air from the
environment flows across the surface to bring the
surface to thermodynamic equilibrium with the air,
i.e. to the lowest possib le temperature produced b y
the evaporating w ater , which is the wet-bulb temperature.
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • Fax 617-923-9911
D-Series Handheld IR Scanners
The porous material, cooled on both sides by evaporating w ater , reaches wet-b ulb temperature throughout the material, thus maintaining wet-bulb temperature at the surface f or
several seconds after the air flo w stops. Since the water is opaque to infrared w av elengths,
in as thin a layer as .002 in. (.05 mm), and the D-Series is able to measure the temperature
with a time constant of 0.1 seconds, an accurate measurement of the wet-bulb temper ature
is obtained. The same procedure is employ ed on a non-porous material to obtain an accurate dry-bulb temperature.
With the appropriate psychrometric equations, the RH is immediately calculated. Each
D-Series is equipped with, as a standard accessory, an RH Kit, which includes a con venient
card with the wet and dry materials, simple RH and Dewpoint calculator, and handy tube
of water.
Maximum accuracy for RH measurement is obtained with the D-Series models measuring
0.1° resolution. Though the absolute accuracy of the D-Series is not 0.1°, the RH is most
sensitive to wet-bulb depression, i.e. the difference between dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperature. In its differential mode , the D-Series is accurate to 0.1°, which translates to an RH
accuracy of approximately 0.5% f or the normal range of RH.
Also Manufactured by Exer gen Industrial Division
IR detector
D-Series nosepiece
surface at wet-bulb temperature
in the field-of-view of detector
IRt/c Infrared Thermocouples
Low-cost, high-quality sensors for non-contact temperature measurement and control. IRt/c sensors are used by more customers
worldwide for process control, factory automation and OEM applications than any other IR de vice in the world. The small, easy to
use IRt/c sensors require no power and connect directly to standard thermocouple devices av ailable worldwide . Ov er 300 models
offered, covering temperature r anges from -50 to 5000F (-45 to 2760C) with up to 0.01C precision.
For more information and pricing, please request a free copy of
The IRt/c Book
catalog from your local distributor , or Exergen.
Microscanner E-Series
Distributed by:
Microscanner E-Series and IR.1Probe for Electrical Inspection
These unique handheld instruments are used by professionals for
fast, accurate scanning of electrical equipment. The Microscanner
Super E with a 200:1 lens, color-coded display and optional
pointing laser is the fastest and most powerful poc ket-siz ed
electrical IR scanner in the world. The IR.1Probe is a lo w cost
electrical IR scanner for use with standard digital multimeters.
Contact Exergen or your local distributor f or more inf ormation.
PN818103 REV.3
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • Fax 617-923-9911
Model D501 D1201 D1601D1001
D-Series Handheld IR Scanners Specifications
Temperature
Range
Relative Humidity
Measurement
Emissivity
Adjustment
Calibration
Requirement
Linearity Error
Emissivity Error
Repeatability
Resolution
Display / Update
Response Time
Field of View
Minimum Spot
Size
-50 to 550F 0 - 1000F 186 - 1207F 186 - 1600F
& -45 to 287C & -18 to 540C & 86 to 653C & 86 to 871C
Kit Included Kit Included No No
Automatic Emissivity Compensation System
None
+/-1% of Reading - maximum +/-3% maximum
+/-1% maximum of Difference between target temperature and
instrument temperature when touching, for emissivity of 0.8 to 1.0
o
+/-0.1 F & +/-0.1
o
C
0.1oF & 0.1oC
Bright LEDs at 10 times per second
80 msec approximately
o
1:1 (53
approximately)
1/4 inch (6.4 mm) approximately
Microscanner D501&
D501RS
D501
D1001
Spectral
2 to 20 microns
Sensitivity
Analog Output*
oo
F/ C Conversion
Remote Sensor**
Instrument
Operating
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Available on all models; standard on D1201 and 1601
32 to 122oF (0 to 50oC)
1 Mv / OF (1mV/
Temperature
Battery Life
Dimensions
Weight
(Remote Sensor
Version)
*Optional Analog Output - Specify “AO” example: Microscanner D501-AO
**Remote Sensor - Specify Model “RS” example: Microscanner D501-RS
Approximately 5000 Readings from on 9V Alkaline Battery
Main Case: 3 3/8 X 5 X 3/4” (8.5 X 12.5 X 2cm)
7 oz (.2 kg) approx.
9 oz (.25 kg) approx.
o
C)
Optional
D1201
D1601
Consult factory or distributor for special duty models with special accuracies and
temperature ranges for OEM and volume applications.
51 Water Street, Watertown, MA 02172 USA
800-422-3006 • 617-923-9900 • Fax 617-923-9911
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