Canera
Storage
Exercise
Running test after
Keeping
the interior clean
Treating the camera with
care
Coping with tropical
conditions
Supplementary Lenses
Close-up Focusing
for
Lenses
Extension
Close-up Focusing Table
for
Some items
book may not be
marketing conditions vary widely, and
photographic
the
This book is
Net Books'and may not
Printcd
snd bound in Grcat Britaio by Maund & Irvinc Ltd., Tring, Hcrts.
storage
Supplementary
Tubes
Extension Tubes
@
ISBN
AII rights reserved.
reproduced,
may be
or tansmitted, in any
electronic,
o r o t he r w
i s
of equipment
.fieely
dealer.
sold suhject
77
77 How to
77 Flash Exposures
77
78
7g
78
80
80
Table
82
82
83 How to . . . llthat is where?
1979
Focal Press Limited
(excl.
USA)
(USA
ISBN
No
stored in a
mechanical,
e'''
l!?;i
or
available
to
resold
be
only) 0 8038 1943 9
#,';;i:,
Flash
with the Exakta
Use Flash
Exakta
Accessories
Convercion of Feet
into
Metic Units 90
Slwtter Speeds to Anest
Movement
240 44780
0
part
form
photocopying,
certain
the Standard
in the
8
publication
of this
retrieval
or
by any
recording
p.e
r
i s s io n of t he
m
materials mentioned
in
every eountry.
are
outside
Conditions
below the
UK
3
and
system,
means,
Import
the control of
of sale
net
Inches
in
price.
this
and
Page
of
84
84
85
86
9l
92
THE 35
mm. Exakta
The 35
taking lens serves
actual
picture
to reflect
focusing screen.
and
different
film
screen
the lens
focusing screen
controlled
the mirror
between
focusing
tion, depth of field
will appear
lens
and
critical
adiustment
foieground
photograph
of the shutter
and covers
and the
The shutter
shutter
left.
to
being wound up;
in front of
tion to
while the camera
widest
speeds
exposures
is used
and
picture
the
Film and
purposes
runs along
positions
is on the
to
has
at
the
top of it. Thus, the
go
and once
by a mirror on
is introduced
lens and film, thus reflecting
showing exactly the same
screen,
the
on
ground
on the underside, and shows
brilliant
all
focusing
(aided
of the extent of definition
background and,
and
before the negative
for exposure, the
the focusing screen. Then
image is recorded on the
of the Exakta
(except
RTLI000, see
"Self-capping"
the negative material, thus
it. With this type
possible
range of speeds.
from l/30
from 1/8
mm. EXAKTA
is a
single-lens
both for focusing and
to form the
to be taken on
the same distance
and
back
alternately
and relative
negative.
over. It is the
"focal
is loaded. The Exakta
(early
(early
image on the film as
focusing screen are for all
from the
at right angles
the camera while
of
light entering
in two directions: once
to the film. This
point-duty.
into the
path
brightness of the subject
The screen
right way
by a built-in
lastly, composition
is exposed.
mirror first snaps
the shutter
fi.Im.
is a self-capping
page
10) travelling from
means that
plane"
of
means that
shutter,
it
Ienses can be changed
Besides
ll25) to l/1000 sec.,
1/10) to 12 secs.
MODELS
reflex camera. The
to
By setting the
the
the
magnifier), as well as
remains
ensuring full
taking the
well
ground-glass
to
a
intents
lens, but in
each
other. The
the focusing
through
to the
two-way
traffic is
shutter,
light-rays
of the
image on to the
outlines,
is a
image magnified
up and
towards
defini-
plano-convex
permits
both the
of the
With the release
upwards
goes
across
plane
focal
right
while
closed
it moves
right
protec-
shutter has
the instantaneous
can
time
be set.
automatic
as
as
the
(self-timer)
A delayed-action
release
is built-in and coupled
to the shutter, allowing all speeds from 1/1000 to 6 secs. to
be released with a delaying time of about 12
wide choice of
miniature cameras
the other
On
longer
automatic shutter
is
and
useful for certain specialised work.
hand, this shutter is more complicated
those of most of the other miniature cameras
handling. Shutter
careful
fi.lm transport
with
focusing
Exakta
position.
lenses include
winding
and the swing of
the
Tessar, Pancolar, Domiron,
besides a wide range
manufacturers. The
of
lenses
more
use of telephoto, wide-angle and
to
from 20
1000
mm.
and apertures up to/l.8.
is
well-known
Orestegon
specialised
are
interchangeable, allowing the
particularly
feature of the single-lens reflex type is
zo
used,
shows in every case the correct image with the lens
The
special
finders
interchangeability
are required, as the reflex
of the lens
forward use of extension tubes for close-ups
least complication
in
camera
of focusing. The same
photomicrography,
etc.
The reflex-finder hoodpermits normal reflex image
focusing as
and
means of a
VX1000,
finder to
permits
The waist-level reflex
models
V, VX, IIa,IIb, VX500, VXl000 and RTL1000-as
well as eyeJevel
pentaprism
in the Exakta V, VX, IIa, IIb,
RTL1000 and Exa I. It
be
used for viewing
critical focusing.
finder
well as on the Exa I-against
viewing
has
only A magnifying
is interchangeable
an eye-level
secs. This very
is unique
speeds
for
than
and needs
automatically coupled
mirror into
the
Domiplan,
as standard
lenses
lenses,
by
the
Jena
other
fast lenses
unique
One
that, whatever lens is
finder
permits
employed.
the
straight-
without the
goes
for using
the
viewing
focusing
and
by
VX500,
direct
a
vision frame
glax
in Exakta
pentaprism
reflex
finder.
The body of the Exaktas
shape, approximately 6 x 3* x 3 in. It is
in
alloy
one
piece
covered, and has a hinged back. It is comparatively
foPl Top
with focusing hood.
Centre:
out lensr. with
prism.
view of upper
pentaprism.
of camera
Front view with-
penta-
Eodom: Rear
part
with
11--------
The 1954 Exa lla
(obove),
but has a
film transport.
ground glass
fresnel
centre. The
mirror.
The
Exa lla) is
rangefinder,
fully automatic
screen or with a
screen and
Exa llb is as lla. but with instant
'1967
Exa 500
fitted with
extended shutter speed range
8
(left)
detachable back and improved
lt can be supplied
split-image
(similar
pentaprism
diaphragm lens,
is similar
ground glass
rangefinder
appearance to the
in
and microprism
to the Exa ll
with standard
with
in the
return
and
EARLIER
Right: Model
Kine
interchangeable focusing
screen
for bulbs
Right: Models
have interchangeable
screens and
synchronized,
sets of sockets. The
model of the
single
each side.
35 mm.
I, the original
Exakta, has non-
and is
synchronized
only.
V
and
are M- and
having two
VX has
concentric socket
1956
EXAKTA
VX
X-
a
at
MODELS
Left: Model ll is similar
I, but has a different
Model
hood and film counter.
of housing
spite
in
ment
bush,
flash
fast
and
internal
bulbs
and hooks
approximately
Focusing
which
on all
4 or 3
depth
The
36 exposures
buiit in
is
is effected
part
is
models
ft. There
field.
of
is the
film
(except
of the
indicating
I x l|
be transported
unnecessary,
indicator
or
ind a
focal
the
interchangeabla
synclironisation
flash
for a
grams).
(950
oz.
33
by a
lens-mount.
the distances
scales
also
are
(24x36
in.
cassette
film
35
In
spool
transport
standard
RTL1000).
from
to take-up
plane
shutter,
It
lenses.
for electronic
neck-strap.
helical
rapid
focusing
A
from
provided
miniature
mm.
mm.). A
latest
the
to cassette,
rewinding.
with
indicator
also
for
fiIry
model
.m?.king.rewinding
arrange-
reflex
a
has
flash and
weight
The
focusing
is found
qcqle
infinity
reading
for
film
cultin^g
the
film type
A
complete
tripod
screw,
down
off the
up
knife
film can
the
is
to
to
mechanism.
(the
A through-the-lens
to
marketed,
the Exakta
viewfinder
TTL
a
a TTL
with
Exakta
EXAKTA
ments
sierificant
inierchangeable
prism
ih.rtter
timer
svnchronised
ind
automatic
used
has
irank.
made
and
model
prism
inteinal
Models
of the
advances
internal
foi
from
covers
left-trand
apertures.
for automatic
also
self-setting
filir cutting
The
or
RTL1000
8 sec.
the
at
metering
by Harwix,
EXA
exposure
(details
attachment
metering
(1970).
but
Exakta,
photographic
in
viewfinder
light
td 1/1000
irom
speeds
sec.,
lil25
New
side.
The
counter,
frame
knife
finder
Berlin,
unit
This
I.
on
meter
page
for
converting
65). For
automatic
is available,
model
This
has been
consists
systems
measurement.
sec. and
to l/1000
I sec.
l/30 sec'
at
bulbs
of lenses
range
of the
lenses
with
aperture
rewind
eailier
of the
Examat) has-
can be
which
combines
the
exposure
byExakta
made
embodies
redesigned
technology.
of a coupled
has a qretal
It
the
built-in
B;
sec.
Shutter release
with internally
earlier Exakta
an adapter
pin
remains
models
a
the
model RTL1000
and
One
Electronic
on
9epr-essed,
has been
been
with
used
pentaprism
into
camera
system
(page66).
the refine'
all
incorporates
the three
of
penta'
!TL-
plane
-focal
delayed-action
flash
right
on
controlled
can
models
the release..
rewind
omitted.
is
be
It
l0
EXAKTA
above
models
shutter
the Varex IIa
closing)
special
for
available
finder.
EXAKTA IIb
geometrical
The rewind
needed.
EXAKTA
return mirror and
EXAKTA VAREX
VXl000,
EXAKTA VAREX VX
only
EXAKTA
plug
EXAKTA
it except
permit
EXAKTA
finder, so
prismatic
page
change
EXAKTA I
Exakta II with
manipulation.
its
The Exakta cameras
Exakta"
produced.
VAREX IIa
description.
are
mechanism and an improved
which also
for
The
with shutter speeds
two flash sockets.
instead of concentric
that it
working from
that
attachment can be
The flash contact
84).
in the mechanical construction
to
Its main differences compared
three
co-axial
is fitted with an improved reflex
accepts the interchangeable
purposes,
The
e.g. with split image rangefinder
pentaprism).
the
lenses have fully automatic
standard
(1964)
scales
speed
kndb has a crank. The catch
VX1000
minor mechanical
VAREX VX
VAREX
has
no
cassette to cassette and
(1949)
II
pentaprism
the
(1936),
quite
minor mechanical differences
distinguish
"Kine"
prefix
(1957).
flash sncker.
is similar
(1130,
(1967)
is
VX500
of l/30 to
(1950
(1951)
sockets.
(1950),
V
film type or transport
is as Exakta V
placed
is for flash
the original
using 35
them from the roll film
was dropped
model
This
/X.
M
film indicator. The 196l model of
This hood
1160, lll25,
as
(1969)
the
attachment
rnm. film were originally
has
to the model IIa of 1961, but has
to
the
Exakta
improvements.
is
a scaled-down
U500
is
similar
has flash sockets
predecessor
has no interchangeable
but
is not usable
on top
bulbs
of the film
pre-war
general
in
follows
with the earter
and F). a specially silent
(with
hood
ground-glass
no
preset
11250, 1/500,
secure
IIb, but with
sec. and B only.
to the model IIa, but
of the VX is similar
indicators, it does
the
back
of
the
only, and
Exakta, is similar
Kine
in
1950,
one-fnger
screens
(up
to now only
vision
direct
iris.
U1000
the finder
instan
version
for a two-pin flash
hinged.
is not
(but
a special
reflex hood,- see
is
there
called
however.
a minor
then also
transport.
which do not affect
Exaktas
frame
sec.).
is
not
of
has
not
reflex
"Kine
the
the
improved
(1963),
EXA IIa
transport.
film
IIb
EXA
can bd
imase
-viewfindor
the
mechanical
500
EXA
automatic
prism
rangefuider,-shutter
flash synchronization.
XM
I
EXA
1/50. l/100,
abti6n.'filrir
omitted.
cut-off)and
undue
in. 6 cm.) cannot
2
EXA I
EXA I
1/175 sec.,
and bulbs.
flash
EXA Ia
to
to
In handiing,-ihe
Whert
Exakta.
pointed
out in
similar
(1965),
vieived
when
improvements.
(1967)
diiphragm
(iSS:)
has a shutter
l/i50
wind is by
Long focus
(1961),
as
(tgefi-nas
B, single
(1965),
similar
differences
the text.
similar
before
the film
improved version
is an
lens,
and B
sec.
a
lenses beyond
similarly
made.
be
I 1953 with
improved
flash contact
to EXA I
Exa cameras
to II, but
to
but
IIa,
and after
has not been
pentaprism
ll2 sec.
speeds
of different
only,
transport
close-ups
improved
styling,
with symbol
(1963),
are
occur which
has detachable
with instant
exposure),
with fresnel
two
knob;
mm. are not
100
with
shutter
substantially
are
back and
retum.
warning signal
a
advanced,
the-Exa IIb
of
screen
1/500 sec.
and
with speeds
design
flash contacts,
the film cutting
usable
extension
longer
hood.
reflex
but
1130,1160,lll25.
speeds
setting
lever film
with
the- same
not self-evident,
mirror
general
and
with fully
and micro-
and B, and
of
no delayed
device
(with-out
tubes
electronic
for
transport.
as
these are
(the
in
-1125,
is
than
the
Exa Models
Exas are simplified
The
its features,
interchangeable
Exakta, an
with
EXA
single flash
finder
lenses,
in
inexpensive standard
pre-set
diaphragm,
(1959)
II
contact, but no delayed
permanently
is
may
used
be
particular
versions of
the reflex focusing-viewing
lens system.
is available
has
shutter
fitted. Most Exakta accessories,
in it.
the
In addition
lens,
f2.9
for the Exa
speeds from
action.
tl
They retain many
Exakta.
to the lenses
Meritar, 3
50 mm.
models.
ll2 to 11250
The eye-level
system and
listed for
element
sec. and.
pentaprism
including all
the
the
of
B,
t2
HANDLING
To start with, we take it
Exakta, together with
first task is to load
Loading
The fi.lm
daylight,
procedure
should
or at least in
is
as
1. Open camera-back.
2.
Insert film.
3. Fix film
4.
Close camera.
on take-up
5. Open finder
6. Transport
7. Wind film-winder once more
8.
fiIm indicator.
Set
qamera
1. Open
camera opening knob on the
some Exa models,
the
rewind knob
The rewind
2.
film cassette into right-hand
and delayed
The mouth of the
the take-up spool.
taking care
which
cassette
the cassette lies
3. Hold the cassette in
with the
end
spool of the
can be turned on its
convenient
under the tongue
The film
projects
is
inserted from
right
of the filrn is
key is
action
that
chamber
position
a cassette of film,
the camera with fi.Im.
be
loaded into
the shadow of
follows:
spool.
hooil.
film twice
back
as far as
its
from
against
hand
camera
and
pulling
by
press
camera back lock.
it
pulled
will
out
knob)
with its hollow
cassette with the film
The rewind knob is
plate
centre
the Exa has
of
the roller towards the
beneath the
the
edge of the
position
4 to
in.
412
pushed
under the
(below
axis to
bring
for inserting the
the spool should
THE EXAKTA
granted
for
release.
downwards and turning the
camera base.
go.
far
as
as it will
side film chamber
is
not
a cassette
with
(10
to ll cm.) film from it. The
the
film winder). The take-up
the
t3
that we
in
front
camera
the
and set
part
end has to
now fully
pushed
camera, so that the mouth of
guide.
the left
spring
spring tongue into the most
film. While fixing the film
prevented
be
in subdued
your
picture-counter.
earlier models
On
On RTLI@0,
go,
then
(below
towards rewind key.
point
pushed
upwards.
guide
(a
chamber). The loaded
thumb, while
tongue
of the
from turning
our
have
of us. Our
body.
The
milled
and
pull
place
loaded
slow speed
towards
back,
metal sheath
pulling
free
take-up
spool
it
holding
make sure that the
film transport sprockets.
the
On
push
and
and over the film transport
rest
take-up
On
chamber and
spool.
side outwards except on Exa
inwards. Now insert the take-up
that its top engages in
perforation
When working
VX500
cassette
spool
and attach
take-up cassette
and.insert
point
must
perforations
the
sprockets, and
To work
replace the take-up
the
same
4. Cfose the
up
by
that the circular
pushedfirmly
is
the
ball
with
its
groove
towards the
rewind key must
is clanrped to the
closed.
is
RTLI000
On
Transport
ally.
the
automatic frame counter
5,
6, 7 below.
The finder-hood
5.
the back base of the hood.
6. Wind
any speed except
moved forward the first two
light while inserting
leader-frames
with one
still
RTL1000,
it with its lower
spool must not
the Exa I
push
The film is wound on to
of the
and VXl000,
(page
37), remove any
it in the take-up
towards the film
of the film
close the
from cassette
loading
camera
peg
into the
of the left thumb. The
locking-key
on the
body
body
just
and release the film transport lever
springs open
release the film transport
and
do
finger. Before closing
perforations
pull
the
beginning of
perforation
poir^t
(1961)
the film
film in the film transport
with two
the end of the
(No.
spool by an
procedure
back. With the
upwards, is hooked with
of the
until
be allowed to catch in the
camera and cannot be
press
(:Z).
T
zot
upwards
camcra, remove the take-up
end under the
the shaft of the film transport knob,
cassettes
trim the
free
page
4,
chamber. The slit of the take-up
aperture of the camera.
engage
camera back.
to
cassette on Exa I
as described for use of the take-up
inside
the camera connected
interior of the camera. This is
camera, and the
the locking-key
back
by
This action implies that
frames, which have
the film into the
count as
of the
sprocket. The wire frame
take-up
the
(1963)
I
spool into its chamber,
with the
film end
cut-off film end from the
fresh film to the
37).
Assemble
in
the teeth of the
empty
cassette and
Kine Exakta I and
camera
back,
gently
home; it will lock
points
to No. l. Igaore the
pressing
twice with the
camera.
part
of the 36 exposures.
the camera
film engage in the
the
film to the
from above under the
(but
in any other
of the take-up
spring
spool with the
and later, where
sprockets.
Exakta
square.
Open
centre spool of the
the
take-up
Make sure that
(1961)
cameras, simply
adopt
to the
held in the
its lower end into the
itself
back
into
snaps
camera back so that it
pulled
out when the
and repeat until
its
catch in the middle of
the film
been exposed
These
back,
teeth
green
mark
film
on the
position).
spool from its
emulsion
it winds
ensuring
and the
VX, IIa, b,
the take-up
centre
cassette,
cassette
transport
film
otherwise
spool.
II, take care
rewind
key
with
best done
hand
right
pressed
lightly
position.
The
back
automatic-
points
shutter set
has
been
two wasted
of
to
to
l4
Top row: Open
row: Attach
Seiond
guide).
Close
film
Third- rowi Open
film
Eottotn row: iet
indicator.
counter
(except
camera
leader
camera back.
finder
on
nim speed
(on
back
RTL 1000,
to'take-up
where applicable.
hood,
RTL 1000).
indicitor on earlier
spool
pull
rewind knob
up
(on
1 000, lay leader across
RTL
Make two
models
l5
LOADING
lully)
'blind'
(tefi),
on
insert.film
and
spool
exposures.
1000
RTL
EXAKTA
THE
cassette.
passing
after
Wind on again
(centre).
Set
under
and
film type
piece
the
The third
7.
position,
the exposure
(in
arrow
triangle). On
(against
be indicated
the camera beside
of the segment
the direction
segment.
set
disc, seen
knob,
8. The
Exakta
on
C)
b
a
J
with
models
and-white; black
Iight
Carrying
However
F
F
B
strap hanging
unsuitable
lost
a short
in the
finder
the camera
There are
Exaktas:
The ever-ready
holding screw
a
opened case
set
Outfit
together
one
film-wind brings
the same time
at
counting
models
eailier
until No. I
no account
the arrow), as
correctly.
(1961)
I
The Exa
(while
of the arrow
the subtractive
On
20 respectively.
to 36 or
the Exakta
On
the
in
will rotate when
film indicator around
the
the
type. The
IIa, b
VX and
the transport
of
base
of film
speed
have instead a
Exa 500
elegant
from the shoulder,
quick
for
in this way. A
round
strap
position
right
hood
or,
when
up to eye
a number
case carries
which
cases in several
with auxiliary
lens or any of
the. other Exakta
pulling
disc is set
the
disc
points
to
must the
the subsequent
film counter
transport knob. Turn
the film
pressing
until No. I
VX, IIa, b, VX500
cut-out
circular
the film
the base
(on
VX500, 1000
loaded into
film type indicator
C:colour,
has both types
it may
action.
better method
neck,
the
ready
working
level,
of different
prevents
variations are available
lenses, filters,
unexposed
first
film tight. After
the
to
I by moving its
No.
the direction
itself) in
picture
the
counter
daylight
counting mark
counting disc be turned
exposure numbers
is a segment cut
the top of one
points
to the
of Exa I
and VX1000
the
on
outside
transported.
is
being
the slow-speed
of
in its centre,
lever) should be
the camera as
with
type; red C:colour,
of reminder.
be to carry the camera
this
Many a
good
is to carry
for
Opening
it lies on
that
so
work.
with the
is then a matter
of
types
cases
the Exakta ready
the camera
accessories
films, etc.
from
Also, separate
are also on
of film into
winding on,
knob
setting
of the engraved
(small
black
backwards
would not
and
film control
the
knob of
on RTLI000
S : black:
on
has
top of
in front
it) in
Exa 500,
Early
artificial
long
a
quite
is
been
the
the
out in the
the knob
finger against
index mark of
(1963)
of the slow-speed
set in accordance
a reminder.
the
symbols
position
shot
the Exakta
chest-
one's
case and
the
pentaprism lifting
of a split-second.
available
use, and
for
fallirrg
to take
for the
there
oft
out
the Exakta,
cases-for
market.
the
on
he
is
l6
LOADING THE
EXA
is
it
Generally,
experience
the
taking
in which to
ways
photographs.
make
accelerator,
going
before
without
camera
automatically
lives-but
of
the camera
of
The
following
particularly v,atched
.:ing
and closing
setting the shutter.
of
manipulat@ all
in
picture
by
work them
brakes and
the
"all
out"
being able
is not less
it is not
itself.
are
the
(3)
foremost
importance to acquire
parts
getting
thoroughly
before actually
Surely one
even
with it. Going
to do the
dangerous.
less wasteful of
the mechanical
when
fnder
Releasing.
the earlier Exakta:
using
hood.
that eventually
acquainted
should try
the horn of
all out
"right
may be less
It
live
points
(2)
Winding
sufficient
lead to
with
setting out
gears,
the
a new car
with a new
thing" almost
wasteful
pictures, if
must
that
(l)
Open'
the
film
the
to
the
not
be
and
rffi
Top
left:
Tob cent?a: lnsert
right: Fix the
Top
(entre
lcft:
Ccntrc:
Ccntre
Bottont
models),
Sottom ccntre:
teke-up spool
the
and later,
camerr back,
Open the
the
film on the teke-up spool.
thc
Closc
flndcr hood
Open the
right: Advancc
left: Set the
path
The
6n
film
film
cessette.
cemcn brck.
(on
film twice,
the
councer
film inside the cemera'
of the
cXA
I
up
the
Exe I only).
pressing
for the
1961,
to
release eech time.
the
first
(slightly
exposure
lt winds up emulsionside-out
emulsion
but
l7
different on thc
side
in on th€ EXA |
two
(1953)
o_n
Viewing
reflex
The
finder
focusing devices.
REFLEX FINDER.
the
pressed
bbservation
exposure.
convex
screen;
image
neeative
F<ii
addition
front
pressed
held by
enlarged,
first
showing
ttre
olmost
horizmtal
cornsr
Thc
position,
working
more critical
wall
ddition of the 35
tatei models
when the
do-wn,
of the
The screen
the lower side
lens,
lens also acts as
the
in the finder
seen
whi le-natural
the magnifying
to
the finder
of
towards
inward
a catch.
so that it
only a comparatively
have a bigg6r.
whole 6eld
{he
position
of the back of
magnifier has a
focusihg a built-in
Looking down,
the eye-level
and
frame
The
the catch on
ground-glass
of
may
mm. Exakta
pressing
by
the finder
protecting
finder
To bring
hood
automatically
screen
the Exakta is actually
of which
powerful
a
hood is bigger
outlines and defi
ly-the
ground
hood; to bring
the reflex image,
focused
be
small
rectangular-shaped
viewed.
to be
the small
hood.
cover
pentaprism
purely
is
the finder
the back
was 6tted
hood of the
of the finder hood
image up
is matted
magnifier. Therefore,
the
than
magrifier may be
glass.
The magnifier
it into
where it
the reflex
with
ease and
with
central section
circular
The magnifier
stud on the right-hand
(except
Exakta
l8
are
viewing device.
a
Exakta into
opens up,
one side
to
nition remain
image appears
moment of
to the
of the
ground-glass
a
form
image
actual
employed in
is erect in
position,
it is simply
will
be automatically
accuracy.
a circular
of the
magnifier, allowing
is released from
and
I)
viewing-
has to
permitting
plano-
reflex
the
on the
iden tical.
the
further
While-the
magnifier,
field,
bottom
shows
be
its
the
lla, llb,
well
as the
pentaprism
use at eye
eyeJevel
ll the
ground
finder and also
other types
purposes
finder
Exa I
screen
Right: The standard reflex
fitted to all models is used by
looking down on the screen.
With Models
and RTL
and
changeable
type, which
level. In
finder is fixed.
Eelow: The
of the
the reflex finder of the 1961
Exakta lla
interchanged
for special scientific
(see page
V, VX,
1000
as
la, the viewing unit is inter-
with a
permits
the Exa
normal
pentaprism
llb may be readily
and
with
20).
REFLEX FINDER
VX
eye-level
An
made for Model ll and
(left).
hood
for Models
evepiece to exclude stray
AND PENTAPRISM
pentaprism
An accessory for the
V. VX,
attachment has been
fits
on
VX
lla, llb,
light
toD of the erected
pentaprism"unit
RTL
and
0000is,an
(right),
whole image,
critical
The
reflex finder image seen is the
lens and reflected
only visible
the
shutter is released. It has a twofold
outlines
The reflex finder
condenser bases with split-image range finder, etc.
There
required.
to ensure the
(page
8l), keeping stray light
picture.
to the
hold the
lines
of the
frame, if
The
second
is at the same time
results. The less
all too hastily,
definition. There
full aperture,
possible
turn the
object
at which one intends to focus
more
sharp up to a certain
definition.
the focusing mount.
slowly
narrowed down
the
very
surrounding
and beyond the
sufficiently
good
enough
The
determining
be folded back
release.
should now be lowered
of
us-we may
picture
the
picture
The
left to right.
camera will
object
to
that thc
so
focusing.
after
picture,
of the
should be no difficulty in
It is advisable to view the
brightest
In
camera
picture
intentional tilting is not
purpose
which one should
definition. The best way to
helicslfocusW mount to andfro while
It is
at
best definition. It is a case of
to the critical sharp
sharp,
for enlarging.
built-in magnifying
the
The camera, which had to
as a whole.
on
Similarly, movements
have to
follow
camera can
the mirror on to the
by
the
film has been wound on, and it
to
second
ofExakta IIa
possible
spite of the fact that one is likely
quite
experienced user of the
a seemingly sharp impression
are, however, different degrees of sharpness even
this
point
but no one should be deceived by this fact:
critical
and
get
the
it.
from
level, one should make sure that the vertical
parallel
run
ofthe reflex
the
one of
point,
"beyond"
The degree of movement of
until one unmistakably arrives at
of maximum definition, the image still appears
glass
focus. Having
the
whole
again. Otherwise-with
excellent definition,
ground-glass
be turned against the apparent movement
used without lowering
be
picture produced
permit
the
best
(1961)
and
getting
picture
reflex-image. The finder hood
most important facton
first
the
screen,
with the
aimed at.
finder, obtaining the
reflex screen is apt to accept,
make use of
arrive at
accurately becomes
beyond which it will again lose
stage that we reverse the movement of
"encirclement"
point.
It must be repeated that, before
swung
into
found
image
on
raised when
be
but are bound
screen appeani
are also shown reversed
screen.
purpose:
definition to
IIb accepts
the outlines
withfull-opened
gives
sides
in
critical
observing
position
this, the
the
screen surveyed
it after
the
by
The
first to show the
camera
reflex image
disappears once
obtained.
be
also the special
as exact as
aperture
additional
of
extension
brilliancy
automatically
ground-glass
the
definition,
best
ensuring
good
of the image as best
determining
the
focusing mount is
usingi
the magnifier
upright
the
best
definition
from
magnifier should
to lose sight of
is to
how the main
more
and
point
the
the sharp
it is
not
will assist in
before
the
magnifier,
front
in
reversed
but
and the
of the
of
is
to
at
20
PENTAPRISM
rla,
lfi)0,
reflex finder and is
method. To change
housing is lifted
while on EXAKTA VXl0(n,
plate
front
the
With
eye_level and see-n upight
makes
accurate focusing
position
vertical
The
base
_
the flat
side of which
for special ones,
ground-glass
normal
giving uniform
finder
focusing, in
prisms
are mounted in
image_in
two
disrupted halves
image is seen,
For more
glaphy
and qhotomicrography,
changed for
image), or
Prism finders
page
65.
FRAME
a direct vision
inwards themagnifyingglass
aperture in the
frame in the
To use the
and also the
w_ill
sight
frame-finder,
the left,
away from
of the
back frame to
"round
the corner"
when holding
looking
straight ahead,
gives
the correct
be expected
The
frame finder cannot
distance
of the
frame
the
FINDER.
b, VX, V
and
an
from the
up
bodily and replaced
is depressed.
pentaprism
is
straightfonvard.
pentaprism
of the
with split-image
bqghtness
addition to
the s,pot
_appears
in
and
specialised types
glass
clear
ground-glass
for
combined
FINDER.
frame finder.
back wall
front wall,
frame finder
protective
define the
and then
outlines
one must
the eye,
find the limitations
is deceptive,
the eye
field only
to be
free of
subject as
setting the
EXA
extremely
position,
in
easy, and
ground
is a
screen
a clear
are
position
this
(to permit
The Exakta models
form a direct
of Exakta
cover. The
not attempt to turn the
close to and
will
parallax.
be
This is for the
I; it is interchangeable
valuable
rbflex to the ey+level
IIa,VX or V the
and the
finder
or on
edge to edge.
normal
spot in the centre
disrupted;
brought into line
of work, in
the
with
a centre spot of
with exposure
This is brought
in front
of the finder hood,
of the
nor must the
as only
appear on the
for the
used
for focusing,
based on the
focusing
Exakta
alternativelocusing-viewinc
by the
the
image is
right way round.
changrng from
consists of
screen. This
rangefinders
an extra-bright
They
screbn focusing.
on turning
one has
focused
particular
ground-glass
focusing
on the more
meter
prior
into
of thefinder hood.
vision frame finder
IIa, VX. V,
frame when viewed through
picture
aimed at. When
eye be moved from the
ofthe field of
the section
in the centre of the
negative. The-frame finder
standard 5 cm. lenses,
size oflts appearance
scale of the lens mount
2l
RTL
1000. VXS00.
against
th6
normai
finder, ihe
other findbr
sliding
viewed
The
the horizontal
plano<onvex
a
basels interchangeabld
available
fresnel lens
give
split-image
of the
the focusing
so that
accurately.
for macrophoto-
condenser may
3 or 10 mm.
findei
housine,
catch
on thl
and focused
bright image
to
lens,
eithei
on a
screen
range-
Two small
screen, and the
ring, the
one c-ontinuous
brilliant
a-erial
are available:
to
1961 were
position
together
II,
camera to the right
fitted with
pressing
by
The reciangular
with the open
for eye level.
lift
up the magnifier
using the
view. This spying
in the
seen
opening while
centre
findel
and it cannot
apart from
guessing
within
accord.
the
at
the
be
see
the
or
T{OIDING-REFLEX
The
standard reflex
image, but
it is reversed
Using
the-reflex finder,
operates the helical
thereleasebutton(left), Themagnifierinthehoodisusedtoobtaincriticafocus(cintre).
for focusing and then to
viewing. Both these
moving objects. The frame finder will
photography
distant
subjects nearer to the
which, by
within
all over
fact,
in front of a reflex
fast
to
With the
(other)
presetting
the
limits of which the
(see page
preferable
motion
the mirror that shows the
eye on it, even
52).
to
any
camera. It is almost impossible
one is looking
when
frame finder it is easier to
photographers
It is safer first to
procedures
where infinity
the lens, ensure
This last
other when
change over to the
are unsuitable
camera, by using
setting only is
action is expected-will
method of viewing
dealing with rapidly
down with
direction of motion
before it becomes visible within
Holding
It is obvious
possible,
original negative, will become
is advisable to
particularly
A
when
working with long-focus
the
centre of
desirable
mount
with the right
camera
the
As
itself.
most
posrtron.
When working
camera
finger of which
while
the right hand supports
the
camera-body, which
hand, while
that the camera
as the
slightest shake,
visible in the enlargement.
stand always with
steady hold
gravity
to
hold
is
the camera by
hand,
and operates the
of the camera is necessary
lenses
further forward
grasping
while
shutter-release.
Exakta is horizontallv built. it
simply and naturaliy to
with the reflex
be
should
firmly held with
should be in
position
the camera
should rest against
thumb and index
the focusing mount.
photographs
Vertical
procedure
before,
then
is: hold
raise it to
cannot
and focus the camera horizontally,
be taken at chest level. The
position,
eyeJevel
24
will be
safe from serious
the
use
frame finder
more efficiently
that a c€rtain
follow movement
should
even
your
for
required; or, with
"zone
focusing"
depth of field-
be recorded sharp
and focusing is, in
moving subjects
to catch and
one's attention fixed
laterally reversed.
the finder frame.
be
held
if not
legs
apart.
(page
52). In
and therefore
the
the left
helical focusing
hand steadies
reflex
photographing
for
be used foi
methods,
shoot
and keep the
as steady
seen in
this
as
the
case
it is
the
obviouslv lends
photographs
at
finder
left
the
on
hand,
the
from
chest
release
underneath
palm
the
in
this
level,
the
the index
knob,
of the
finger support and handle
normal
turning it
the
at
as described
same time,
It
SHOOTING
WITH THE EXAKTA
sHooTrNG wrTH
ToP left:
ToP centre: Set speed.
Top
Bottom left: Set stop.
Eottom
Wind
right: Focus.
centret Release.
film.
THE EXA |
(t96t)
()
ts
a
5
F
F
that the focusing
so
it
right
on
at
the
in
fork between thumb
right hand supports the
the
against
working
When
or the
frame finder, the Exakta
back rested against cheek,
finger
index
For taking
or the
frame finder,
horizontal
so that the right hand holds
pressed
photographs,
against the forehead.
To release the
should be
pressure
finger
the camera.
slowly
and smoothly. The slower the
angles
release
knob.
horizontally
of the left
vertical
right
shutter
pressed
only,
The actual
screen is vertical
to
the object to
and index finger of the left hand,
camera
body,
One actually works
at eye level, either with
grasped
is
both elbows kept close to
hand
on the
photographs
at
left hands
and
the
but
camera body is turned
the Exakta from
(page
with the ball
the
keep
pressing
smoother must be the release.
speed knob while releasing!
For slow exposures in the
ing
at chest level, to inhale,
smoothly in order to avoid
using
When
long
eye level, rest the elbows
lean
against something
can be risked
When
without incurring camera
using
large aperture and
48), stand the Exakta
hand
shake.
exposures
against some
stable. In
on a table
Use o.f a tripod is necessary
working with
and
recommended for
instantaneous
the delayed-action
from
speeds
exposures of l/60
lenses.
the
and
eye examines the
photographed.
be
so that its
shutter release
eye level either with the
26) the
of the left
hand
down will
Keep
it is
thumb
"round
the
with
are employed
hands, the
both
the body, and the
button.
above and the camera is
shutter-release button
forefinger. Use
grip
and its
have
exposure time, the
your
hand clear of the
advisable, when work-
hold the breath
while
holding the cantera
support or at least
this
way,
1/10 sec. or
shake.
long-focus lenses
or other flat surface.
when taking time
release,
(1125)
1/30
(l/50)
to l12 sec. and
sec. with long-focus
image
The
lens rests
while the
to
comes
corner".
pentaprism
the
camera
pentaprism
as advised for
90" to the left
steady on
be
to
done
and release
more
(pages
exposures
it is
and
lie
at
45,
Top left:
speed.
Advance
Sottom
left: Focus. Eottom
the film
(with
knob
centre: Pre-set rhe
winding lever).
or
25
Iop right.. Set the shutrer
Eottom
apertrrre.
right! Release.
Shooting
Practice the operations
they will become
practically
described
automatic.
26
here so that in time
the camera
After
been loaded
has
follows:
as
Wind film
I.
2.
Set shutter speed.
Focus
3.
4.
Set stop.
3.
Release.
1. Wind film
wilh brake.
already been wound for
On.the Exa
,.
direction of its
move the transport
2. Theshutter.speeds
sec., as well as B
shutter-speed knob
turning the speed required
centre of the speed
given
on the knob indicate
etc., mean
setting B opposite the indicator,
as long as
made by setting T
pressue
pressure
The slow speed
exposure of
from
U10
speeds from l/1000 to
should
and
The
1/1000
to the orange triangle
OPERATE THE
TO
(a)
Set shutter-speed knob
(6)
Wind
direction.
(c)
Lift slow-speed
black
drop back.*
until the required
tensioning lever.
(d)
Release smoothly.
with firnr,
transport.
and determine
transport lever
the camera
If
(1961)
I
and Ia, turn
engraved
lever
of Exakta
(brief
(beside
knob
1130, 1160, lll25
the
release
button is
(Z
on the release
will close it
sec.) and use
RTL1000 shutter
sec. and
slow-speed knob asfar
figures
in early
button
again.
and delayed
slow speeds from
6
be carefully
seconds. Its handling is
B.
It is set
mark.
SLOW SPEEDS:
knob up, then turn
comes to lie
the
On
speed
as instructed
picture
as far as it
has
been reloaded
the first exposure.
arrow as
as far as
it will
and
Varex models
time)
and T
the film
opposite
letting
and
fractions
sec.
Short time exposures
when the
pressed.
cameras)
will open
action knob
ll4 to
of a delayed
studied and exercised.
speed dial
by turning
(or
to
B
as it will
opposite
RTL1000 the
(2-8
on
frame
go
will
and let it spring
with new
the
transport
film
far as it
will
go.
(time),
or Z
transport lever)
to
the index mark on
it
down
ofseconds,
shutter
Long time
the
to
indicator when
the shutter,
allows for
12 seconds
action release
carries the range from
the required speed to
T).
possibly
it so that
on
mark
slow-speed knob is turned
points
sec.)
27
page
from 1/30 to
again.
so that 30,60,125,
slightly
knob and let knob
to the mark
proceed
13,
film,-it has
knob in the
go.
the
On
Exa II
1/1000
are set on the
by lifting
will remain opeit
(on
tarz in a
required time in
it up,
tht fixCd
The
numbers
are made
exposures
a first
and a second
automatic
older
models
for all shutter
complicated
point
clockwise
on
back
by
are
I to
its
DELAYED ACTION RELEASE FOR
r11000 sEC.:
(a)
Set sh':tter-speed
(D)
Wind slow-speed knob
wise direction.
(c)
Lift slow-speed
lie against the
(d)
Release smoothly.
DELAYED ACTION RELEASE FOR
6 SEC.:
(a)
Set shutter-speed
(D)
Wind slow-speed l<nob as
(c)
Lift
slow-speed
required in
and let knob
(d)
Release smoothly.
The delayed
The Exa Ia, b shutter speeds are set with the lever or ring moving
past
a scale of engraved shutter
knob
rewind
represent fractions
175
175
The mark
sec.
speed scale.
the
shutter
The
Exa IIa, b and 500 shutter is set
ring until the desired speed
The RTLI000 delayed action
1/1000 sec. only:
(c)
Turn the
(6)
Turn the slow-speed tensioning lever
(c)
Release
place
8 sec. after release.
Focusing is
3.
lens
distance required
reflex image control
4. The stop is set on the lens mount, where the milled
the indication mark
engraved
accomplished by
mount which
on
*The
has
a black and a red mark.
working
mark, and the
against the
knob
to actual exposure time required.
as far as it will
knob
up, tum it so that any red figure
mark
on the knob and let knob
knob
to B
knob
up,
red comes
and finder. The speed figures engraved
At the B setting the
release is depressed.
shutter speed
the
on
the lens.
slow-speed knob of the earlier 35 mm. Exakta models
with delayed action) have to
black
to
drop back.*
time in
action
of a second, namely 1130, 1160, lll25,
the lever
on
points
required
preset
timing
the
bears
is opposite the
(page
18)
be turned in line with the
can
purpose
The
figures
black
mark.
SPEEDS FROM II3O TO
possibly
turn in
drop back.*
SPEEDS FROM TI8 TO
(or
Z).
as it will tzrz
far
turn
it so that
lie against the ma.rk on the knob
all cases is about 12 sec.
speeds
has to
shutter remains open
to the triangular
works with the speeds from 1
to the orange triangular mark.
device and the exposure will
turning the
distance markings either until the
distance mark, or
the
until
of the diaphragm is to adjust
this
In
(when
using
clockwise.
the
exposure time
on the top
(B)
point
to the mark on the
tuming its milled
by
clockwise
second milled ring on
subject
case,
be
mark.
to
its stop.
by
appears
front ring
aperture
the red figures
placed
against
the
slow shutter speeds)
28
a clock.
comes
centre
between
30,
@,125,
long
as
outer
take
the usual
fully sharp.
with
figure
(when
the
to
the
as
to
the
red
the effective opening
the depth of field
through the
(page
52).
brightness of
Both /oss
on the
focusing
should always be done at
To facilitate focusing at full aperture
correct stopping down,
setting-those of the 196l Exakta, the IIa, IIb, YX500, VXl000 and
RTL1000 have fully automatic iris
Sorne of the early lenses have behind
ring, and this is
until its index
then
released to spring back into its
Having focused at full aperture,
it stops at the
without
it being necessary
position.
Later lenses have an automatic iris
selecting the aperture required, a tensioning
set, and when
automatically set to the selected apertue
starts moving.
lenses
The
and RTLI000 do
automatically when the shutter
5. Release by
the camera. The release
is closed, to
to
fitted
the models with interchangeable
of a release knob cover-and on the RTLI000 a
the right-hand
of the lens. The
(page
lens
in any
The reduction in light means obviously a reduction in
the
reflex image
of
lieht
ground-glass
pushed
mark
preselected
the
the
of
not
pressing
protect
At the same
52).
given
time, the
and inueased depth of
points
shutter
196l
the shutter-release
with
more diftcult, therefore
aperture.
full
the
later
backwards towards
the aperture one wants to use. It is
to
setting. The exposure
to move the camera from the
release is depressed the diaphragm
Exakta, IIa,IIb, VX500, VXIOU), Exa 500
tensioning. The iris opens up again
require
against accidental release. A release
knob
is released.
is blocked as
release.
this opening, the
smaller
time,
exposure
increase of depth of field.
an
field
with
lenses have
preset.
the aperture scale a milled
original
the aperture ring is turned, until
preselecting
knob
finder hood in the form
light
as less
time must
make the
subsequent
preselective
the
camera and
reflex
can
be
accurate
focusing
quick
aperture
position.
is then made
mount. After
lever on the mount is
just
gently,
long as the finder hood
the shutter
before
without shaking
locking disc for
Unloading
procedure
the
it
new
all
After
be removed
exposures
from the
on the film
camera
and
been made,
have
replaced with a
When working from cassette to take-up spool,
is as follows:
1. Depress rewind
pin.
2. Rewind film into cassette
3. Open camera-back.
4.
Remove cassette.
5. Close
camera-back
or reload with film.
29
greater
pass
longer
and
turned
taking
lock is
has to
one.
press
l. After all exposures
in
camera
earlier models,
the exposure counter and shutter-speed
while rewinding
lever in this
position
while
which has to be
lever
the Exa
On
counter. On
2. Press the centre of the
is
3. Open the camera back
4.
5.
U
body as it
camera
of the cassette. Then turn
spool
direction until
rewinding
Correct
transport
Incidentally,
turns in the opposite direction
Exakta
which has to
film.
rewind
earlier Exakta models, raise
On
bottom and
the Exa, turn in the direction of
resistance is
more turns. The
spool and is wound back
The cassette of exposed
downwards as far as
Before
closing the camera
position.
original
and VX and Exa
position,
down, and on the original models
V
visible.
is
nloading
working
When
have been
taken,
plate;
bottom
press
(No.2).
position
rewinding;
(1961)
I
Exa I, keep it depressed while rewinding.
will
the film is
indicator
the centre screw securing
VX and RTLI000
be turned
turn it clockwise
felt, wind over this resistance and
film end now comes off the spring of
While the rewind
on the earlier
will
it
pin
the
situated
the original
On
which has to be folded up and
while the original Exaktas
pushed
sideways so
and Exa 500
film rewind knob as far inwards towards the
go;
this engages the rewind
completely
observed by
can be
the slow-speed
beside
rewind knob has a
in the direction of the engraved arrow
with the thumb
into the cassette.
(see page
film is taken
go.
it will
back,
will spring automatically back
models the rewind lever
without Rewinding
from cassette to cassette, the
the
automatically depressed. On
stay
on the camera
knob and
35
the
rewind
the rewind knob in a clockwise
wound back
the movement
to the lever
the rewinding key on the camera
the arrow. Turn until a slight
13, No.
out by
push
the rewind
pin
turned
for unloading the Exakta VX, IIa, IIb, VX500
is
follows:
as
pin
rewind
mm.
that the letter R is visible.
knob.
the film transport lever
itself.
1).
pulling
of
the
sideways
on
RTLI000
plate
top
between
keep
it depressed
Exakta models is
left in this
have a reversing
pin
is
behind
key
the
on
into its
cassette.
the film
of
fold-over handle
index finger. On
and
give
two or three
the take-up
the rewind key
knob
back
RTLI000, IIa, IIb
into
its normal
has
to be
so that the letter
the
centre
into its
folded
film
procedure
and VXl000
a
to
30
Depress
vEP,sJ>
RLwind
rewind
film inio
camera back or reload.
ro*
7op left:
rvPtcfr.
right:
Top
Eottom right: Close
lcft: Dcpress thc rcversing
thr
cerrdttc. Thc uppqr
pin
RTL1
Top centre: Depress
000.
to the
rvP!g"r,!, evP,v
Exa ll, che lower
on
cassette. Bottorn reft:
button. Ccntre:
referr
UNLOADING
centre
Open camera back.Eottom
UNLOADTNG
Rcwind thc
film. Ritht:
row
to
3l
THE
knob, not on
of rewind
centre: Removecassette'
THE
QPen.thc -cemcra
(1961
|
the Exe
EXA
).
EXAKTA
RTL1
(1961)
|
remoYc
and
000.
film with
Cut
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. The
body beside
clockwise
the other
2 in.) cuts
and its
2. Turn the
into the cassette
two blind
Make
Open camera-back.
Remove
camera-back
Close
knob of the
direction.
end
the
knob screwed
fihn transport
3. Open camera
4. Remove
5. Close
Changing
cassette
camera
Partly Exposed
Replacing
if a few
happen
black-and-white
som-e
of a fast
instead
First
and
(see
litfle
a
would
from the
be to run
cassette,
darkroom
rewound
beginning
ana
camera can
camera
with the
exposed framei
note
then
page
iesistance
then
To use
in the usual
the number
rewind
30,
have
take-up
the risk
when
in
film
of
put
be loaded
partly
the
lens cap
built-in
exposures.
cassettes.
fitm cutting
the rewind
of which a
back
back
a
No. 2). One
to
order
the film,
have
knob) is unscrewed
knob
This
so
and
(see page
(see
above,
(see
colour
one,
knife is
back by
lever
protect
above, No.
exposed
photographs
pictures,
is an easy
film right across.
partly
of
the film
(In
is
felt.
be
overcome
but to do
spool,
of rewinding
film would
the
be able to
to
to be taken
has
note
it into a
container or
with another
exposed
(see
page
way
on-winding
been
wbund off.
cutting
reload with
or
(on
knife
is fitted
fitted. Pulling
The
turning
release
and
it from
13, No.
No. 4).
5).
Film
fllm
or a
exposed
back into
to be careful
has
the
ordinary
in order
have to
out
the number
film again, it
l3). It
pressing
on and
32
knife.
fiIm.
the
bottom
turyin-g
by
to the end
the
rod is then
knife
it clockwise.
twice to wind
light.
l).
by another
made
were
slow-speed
with
matter
frames on the
its original
to
way,
pull
to
instance
this
so in
whole film
the
be extricated
later on.)
it
reload
of the camera.
of exposure_s
it up.
wrap
of fi.lm.
type
to
has
be
be
the
on
through
release
the safe
is then run
To
of the camera
it- in an anti'
pushed
rod
(about
back
of a long
knob out
the film fully
might
one, as
between
in
film used
the Exakta.
counter
fi.lm
cassette
wind only
until
this resistance
the film
end
would
into the
in the
The
the
On
taken
Now the
into
loaded
thecamera
all the
until
it is
side,
at
the
advisable
making
-to
Cutting
shooting or wasting the whole
arise. For
film
the
If more space is required-for
processing-it
the knif-e into
last
exposed
it. To remove the
rolled
Exakta
release
to
to wind
"blind"
stop
The desire
cutting knife described
exposed frames; the
frame. The camera
film is not
and
procedure
The
IIa, IIb and VX.
the
the take-up
off one frame
exposures it
it
right down
Exposed
Off
process
to
that
reason
is
advisable to rnake
action, which
protected
film, it is
wrapped
up light-tight
is sinrplified wiren using
tr.vice),
shutter
cassette,
and to set the
Film Parts
some of the 36 exposures
all nrodels have
on
cut is made
gives
must
Make trvo
open the
rvhich
more
is wise-in
page
now be
rvhen opening
simply drawn frorn the
can
than actually
addition to covering
shutter to the highest
of the load
exarnple,
32. This can
about I in.
one
blind exposure
about 2|
opened
ready for
blind
canlera,
then
be removed.
in the
been fitted
when film
in. handiing
the camera
exposures
of the
be used for
behind the last
in the
prccessing.
take-up
a
and cut off the
exposed.
speed.
Exakta rvithout
canrcra ntight
with the
cutting off
exposure.
clips
are used in
before bringing
space
darkroom,
back to
take-up
cassette
(wind
the
filnr close
When
the lens
easily
built-in
after the
as the
remove
spool,
in the
film
and
EXAKTA
Exakta uses standard
The
to 36
up
a metal or
be
centre spool and
light tight.
cassettes and can be