Figure 1. Y690A Series Direct-Operated Gas Blanketing Regulators
Features
• Easy Conversion Between Constructions—
Converts easily from Type Y690A to Type Y690AM
with two O-rings and one machine screw.
• Sour Gas Service Capability—For sour gas
applications, the Y690A Series regulators are
available in materials that comply with National
Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)
Standards MR0175 and MR0103.
• Inlet Pressure Equals Outlet Pressure—Full
inlet pressure capability on the downstream side
of the regulator.
• Corrosion Resistance—Multiple regulator
constructions are available in a variety of materials
for compatibility with corrosive process gases.
• Multiple Applications—Y690A Series can be used
for a wide variety of gases including air, nitrogen,
natural gas, sour gas, butane, and propane.
Introduction
The Y690A Series Gas Blanketing Regulator System
reduces a high-pressure gas, such as nitrogen,
to maintain a protective environment above any
liquid stored in a tank or vessel. The regulator
system replaces the volume of vapors with a
volume of blanketing gas to prevent the internal
vessel pressure from decreasing, when liquid is
being pumped out or when the vessel is suddenly
cooled, causing vapors to contract. In both cases
a slight positive vessel pressure prevents outside
air, moisture and other contaminants from entering
the vessel. Type Y690A (Figure 1) is a direct-operated
regulator used for accurate pressure control on very
low-pressure blanketing systems. Downstream
pressure is sensed through a pitot tube installed in
the lower casing of the regulator, thus no external
control line is required. Type Y690AM uses a
control line to more accurately control the pressure
if the regulator is mounted away from the tank.
www.sherregulators.com
D102591X012
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
Specications
Available Congurations
Type Y690A: Direct-operated pressure reducing
regulator for outlet pressures up to 7-inches w.c.
(17 mbar) equipped with a pitot tube for greater
regulated capacities.
Type Y690AH: Direct-operated pressure
reducing regulator for outlet pressures up to
7 psig (0,48 bar) equipped with a pitot tube for
greater regulated capacities.
Type Y690AM: Direct-operated pressure reducing regulator for outlet pressures up to
7-inches w.c. (17 mbar) equipped with a
blocked throat and O-ring stem seal. The lower diaphragm casing is tapped 1/2 NPT for
control line connection.
Type Y690AHM: Direct-operated pressure reducing regulator for outlet pressures up to
7 psig (0,48 bar) equipped with a blocked
throat and O-ring stem seal. The lower diaphragm casing is tapped 1/2 NPT for control line connection.
Body Sizes
NPS 3/4 or 1 (DN 20 or 25)
End Connection Styles
See Table 1
Maximum Allowable Inlet Pressure
(1)
150 psig (10,3 bar)
Maximum Operating Inlet Pressure
(1)
See Table 4
Maximum Outlet Pressure (Casing)
(1)
150 psig (10,3 bar)
Maximum Emergency Outlet Pressure to Avoid
Internal Parts Damage
(1)
150 psig (10,3 bar)
Outlet Pressure Ranges
(1)
See Table 5
Orice Sizes and Flow and Sizing Coefcients
See Table 2
Pressure Registration
Types Y690A and Y690AH: InternalTypes Y690AM and Y690AHM: External
Flow Capacities
See Tables 9 and 10
Construction Materials
See Table 3
Material Temperature Capabilities
(1)
Nitrile (NBR):
-20° to 180°F (-29° to 82°C)
Fluorocarbon (FKM):
40° to 300°F (4° to 149°C)
Ethylenepropylene (EPDM):
-20° to 275°F (-29° to 135°C)
Peruoroelastomer (FFKM):
-20° to 300°F (-29° to 149°C)
Pressure Setting Adjustment
Adjusting Screw
Spring Case Connection
1/4 NPT
Diaphragm Case Connection
1/2 NPT
Approximate Weight
19 pounds (9 kg)
1. The pressure/temperature limits in this Bulletin and any applicable standard or code limitation should not be exceeded.
2
Table 1. End Connection Styles
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
BODY SIZE,
NPS (DN)
3/4 or 1
(20 or 25)
Ductile IronStainless Steel
NPT
END CONNECTION STYLE
Table 2. Orice Sizes and Flow and Sizing Coefcients
ORIFICE SIZE,
INCHES (mm)
1/8
(3,2)
1/4
(6,4)
3/8
(9,5)
1/2
(13)
9/16
(14)
WIDE-OPEN FOR RELIEF
VALVE SIZING
C
12.3
50
110
200
250
g
C
0.35
1.43
3.14
5.71
7.14
V
C
1
350.780.500.89
IEC SIZING COEFFICIENTS
X
T
Table 3. Construction Materials
BODYDIAPHRAGM CASESPRING CASETRIMDIAPHRAGMDISK
Nitrile (NBR),
Ductile iron or
CF8M Stainless steel
Ductile iron or
CF8M Stainless steel
Ductile iron or
CF8M Stainless steel
303 Stainless steel,
316 Stainless steel
Fluorocarbon (FKM), or
Polytetrauoroethylene
(PTFE) bonded
Nitrile (NBR)
NPT, SWE,
CL150 RF,
CL300 RF, or
PN 16/25/40
F
D
F
L
Nitrile (NBR),
Fluorocarbon (FKM),
Peruoroelastomer (FFKM),
PTFE, or
Ethylenepropylene (EPDM)
Table 4. Maximum Operating Inlet Pressures in Psig (bar)
Table 5. Outlet (Control) Pressure Ranges and Spring Part Numbers
TYPES
Y690A and
Y690AM
Y690AH and
15-inches w.c. to 1.2 psig
Y690AHM
1. To achieve the published outlet pressure range the spring case must be installed pointing down.
2. Do not use uorocarbon (FKM) diaphragm with this spring at diaphragm temperatures lower than 60°F (16°C).
OUTLET (CONTROL)
PRESSURE RANGE
1 to 2.5-inches w.c.
2.5 to 7-inches w.c.
5 to 10-inches w.c.
7 to 16-inches w.c.
1.2 to 2.5 psig
2.5 to 4.5 psig
4.5 to 7 psig
(2 to 6 mbar)
(6 to 17 mbar)
(12 to 25 mbar)
(17 to 40 mbar)
(37 to 83 mbar)
(83 mbar to 0,17 bar)
(0,17 to 0,31 bar)
(0,31 to 0,48 bar)
SPRING PART
NUMBER
1B558527052
1B653827052
1B653827052
1B653927022
1B537027052
1B537127022
1B537227022
1B537327052
(1)(2)
(1)
SPRING
COLOR
Orange
Red
Red
Unpainted
Yellow
Light green
Light blue
Black
SPRING WIRE DIAMETER,
INCHES (mm)
0.072
(1,83)
0.085
(2,16)
0.085
(2,16)
0.105
(2,67)
0.114
(2,90)
0.156
(3,96)
0.187
(4,75)
0.218
(5,54)
SPRING FREE LENGTH,
INCHES (mm)
3.78 (96,0)
3.63 (92,2)
3.63 (92,2)
3.75 (95,2)
4.31 (109)
4.06 (103)
3.94 (100)
3.98 (101)
60
12
8
(10,3)
(4,1)
(0,83)
(0,55)
3
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
VALVE DISK
PITOT TUBE FOR
TYPES Y690A
AND Y690AH
INLET PRESSURE
OUTLET PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
B2625
Figure 2. Y690A Series Operational Schematic
VALVE STEM
SLIDING PUSHER POST
DOWNSTREAM CONTROL LINE FOR
TYPES Y690AM AND Y690AHM
LEVER
OVERPRESSURE SPRING
Principle of Operation
With Internal Registration
(Refer to Figure 3)
Types Y690A and Y690AH are direct-operated
regulators with internal registration (see Figures 2
and 3). It provides a constant set pressure for
accurate gas blanketing. When vessel pressure
decreases below the control spring setpoint, the force
of the spring moves the disk away from the orice
allowing gas to ow into the vessel. As the vessel
pressure increases, the increase is sensed by the
diaphragm through the pitot tube. This movement
of the diaphragm causes the disk to move toward the
orice, decreasing the ow of blanketing gas. When
the vessel pressure reaches the system setpoint,
the disk will seat against the orice shutting off the
ow of gas.
With External Registration
(Refer to Figure 4)
Types Y690AM and Y690AHM Gas Blanketing
Regulators reduce a higher-pressure gas to maintain
a positive low pressure of blanket gas over a stored
liquid. Also when the vessel (or tank) is suddenly
cooled, causing vapors to contract, the regulator
replaces the volume of contracting vapors with a
volume of blanketing gas to prevent the internal vessel
pressure from decreasing. In both cases, a positive
vessel pressure prevents outside air from entering the
vessel and reduces the possibility of atmospheric
pressure collapsing the vessel.
Gas blanketing regulators respond to a slight decrease
in internal vessel pressure (caused by pump out or
atmospheric cooling) by throttling open to increase the
ow rate of gas into the vessel. When the vessel’s
liquid level has been lowered to the desired point
and the vapor pressure has been reestablished, the
regulator throttles close.
When the liquid level drops and vessel pressure
decreases below the setting of the control spring,
the spring force on the diaphragm opens the disk
assembly to supply the required ow of gas to the
vessel. When vessel pressure has been satised,
outlet pressure tends to increase slightly, acting on
the diaphragm. When the outlet pressure exceeds
the control spring setting, the diaphragm moves to
close the disk assembly.
4
INLET PRESSURE
GAS BLANKETING PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
BLOCK
VALVE
VENT
VALVE
SUPPLY
PRESSURE
GAS BLANKETING PRESSURE
VESSEL/TANK
VENT
VALVE
BLOCK
VALVE
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
Figure 3. Type Y690A or Y690AH with Internal Registration Operational Schematic
VENT
VALVE
BLOCK
VALVE
VENT
VALVE
INLET PRESSURE
GAS BLANKETING PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
BLOCK
VALVE
GAS BLANKETING PRESSURE
VENT POINTED DOWN
VESSEL/TANK
VENT
VALVE
BLOCK
VALVE
Figure 4. Type Y690AM or Y690AHM Gas Blanketing Regulator with External Registration Operational Schematic
5
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
Table 6. Vessel Capacity
VESSEL CAPACITY
BarrelsGallonsLiters
60
100
500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
40 000
45 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 0007 560 00028 616 00090 000 (2412)
1. Flash point is below 100°F (38°C) or normal boiling point is below 300°F (149°C).
Table 7. Correction Factors (for converting nitrogen ow rates
to other gas ow rates)
(1)
BLANKET GASSPECIFIC GRAVITYCORRECTION FACTOR
Natural Gas0.601.270
Air1.000.985
Dry CO
2
1.520.797
Correction Factor =
0.985
SG
Table 8. Flow Rate Conversion
MULTIPLY MAXIMUM
PUPM RATE IN
U.S. GPM
U.S. GPH
Barrels/hour
Barrels/day
1. To convert to Nm3/h multiply SCFH by 0.0268.
BYTO OBTAIN
8.021
0.1337
5.615
0.2340
SCFH air required
(1)
Product Description
Y690A Series Pressure
Reducing Regulators
Very low-pressure (Types Y690A and Y690AM)
and higher-pressure versions (Types Y690AH and
Y690AHM) are available for operating inlet pressures
up to 150 psig (10,3 bar) and outlet pressures settings
from 1-inch w.c. to 7 psig (2 mbar to 0,48 bar). Refer
to Table 5 for outlet pressure ranges of each type.
These regulators are available in NPS 3/4 and 1
(DN 20 and 25) body sizes with the end connections
as shown in Table 1.
Downstream Control Line
Types Y690AM and Y690AHM regulators have
a blocked throat stem seal with O-rings and a
1/2 NPT control line connection in the diaphragm
case (Figure 2). The control line can be used to
more accurately control the pressure in the tank if the
regulator is mounted an extended distance from the
control point. The stem seal separates the body outlet
pressure from the diaphragm case.
Sliding Pusher Post
The diaphragm assembly of the regulator is equipped
with a sliding pusher post. During an overpressure
situation (outlet pressure above setpoint or lockup
pressure), the spring of the sliding pusher post is
compressed, allowing the diaphragm head to come
to rest on the spring case. This action prevents any
damage to internal parts.
Sizing Blanketing Systems
When sizing a gas blanketing regulator system for
a low-pressure blanketing application, you must
consider the replacement of blanketing gas required
for the liquid loss during pump out of the vessel plus
the condensation/contraction of vessel vapors during
atmospheric thermal cooling. Using the established
procedures from American Petroleum Institute
Standard 2000 (API 2000), determine the ow rate of
blanketing gas required.
1. Determine the gas ow rate required to replace
the liquid being pumped out (see Table 8).
2. Determine the gas ow rate due to “inbreathing”
caused by atmospheric thermal cooling
(see Table 6).
6
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
3. Add the requirements of 1 and 2 and select
regulator size, based on total capacity required
from Table 9 or 10.
Sample sizing problem for blanketing applications:
1. From Table 8, the desired air ow rate due to
pump out equals 120 GPM (454 l/min) x 8.021
= 963 SCFH (25,8 Nm³/h) air.
2. From Table 6, interpolate to determine the
required air ow due to thermal cooling
= 300 SCFH (8,0 Nm³/h) air.
3. Total ow required for pump out and thermal cooling
is 963 + 300 = 1263 SCFH (33,8 Nm³/h) air.
4. Convert to nitrogen by dividing the total air ow by
the square root of the specic gravity of nitrogen:
1263 divided by square root of 0.97 = 1282 SCFH
(34,4 Nm³/h) nitrogen.
Attach a downstream pressure control line to the
1/2 NPT connection in the lower diaphragm case.
Connect the other end of the control line to the vessel.
To allow for self-drainage, install the control line at an
angle so that any liquid material will drain away from
the regulator. See Figures 2 and 4 for the location
of the external control line connection. External
dimensions and connections are shown in Figure 5.
Universal NACE Compliance
Optional materials are available for applications
handling sour gases. These constructions comply
with the recommendations of National Association of
Corrosion Engineers (NACE) sour service standards.
The manufacturing processes and materials used
by Emerson assure that all products specied for
sour gas service comply with the chemical, physical,
and metallurgical requirements of NACE MR0175/
ISO 15156 and/or NACE MR0103. Customers
have the responsibility to specify correct materials.
Environmental limitations may apply and shall be
determined by the user.
5. From Table 9, an NPS 1 (DN 25) body size
Type Y690A with a 1/4-inch (6,4 mm) orice will
ow 1323 SCFH (35,5 Nm³/h) nitrogen at 60 psig
(4,1 bar) inlet pressure. This will satisfy the
required ow of 1282 SCFH (34,4 Nm³/h) nitrogen.
Installation
Types Y690A and Y690AH
Install the regulator with the spring case barrel pointed
down. This will assure that the lowest set pressure
shown in Table 5 is achieved. Flow through the
regulator body is indicated by the ow arrow cast on
the body. If a block valve is required, install a full ow
valve between the regulator and the blanketed vessel.
Types Y690AM and Y690AHM
The regulator may be installed in any position as
long as the ow through the body is in the direction
indicated by the ow arrow attached to the body. Install
the regulator as close as possible to the blanketed
vessel using a straight run of pipe the same size as
or larger than the regulator body. Position the body
and/or diaphragm spring case so it will not collect
moisture or debris into the screened vent and also be
self draining (as shown in Figure 4). If a block valve is
required, install a full ow valve between the regulator
and the blanketed vessel.
Capacity Information
Capacity tables are based on 0.97 specic gravity
nitrogen. Nitrogen is the most common blanketing
gas. Should you use a different gas, convert the
tabular values as follows. For blanketing (pad) gases
other than nitrogen, multiply the given nitrogen ow
rate by the correction factors in Table 7. For gases
of other specic gravities, multiply the given nitrogen
ow rate by 0.985, and divide by the square root of the
appropriate specic gravity.
520
Q =
To determine wide-open ow capacities for relief
sizing, use the following formula:
where,
Cg = gas sizing coefcient from Table 2
C1 = Cg /Cv, or 35 from Table 2
G = gas specic gravity (air = 1.0)
P
= inlet pressure, psia (add 14.7 psi to gauge inlet
1abs
pressure to obtain absolute inlet pressure)
Q = ow rate, SCFH
T = absolute temperature in °Rankine of gas at inlet
CgP1Sin
GT
3417
C
1
P
Deg
P
1
7
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
Table 9. Types Y690A and Y690AM Capacities
OUTLET
BODY SIZE,
NPS (DN)
3/4 (20)
- Shaded areas indicate maximum allowable inlet pressure is exceeded.
1. Deviation from setpoint is -1 to 2-inches w.c. (-2 to 5 mbar).
1. Type of gas being controlled (nitrogen, fuel gas,
etc.); list any factors such as impurities in the
gas that may affect compatibility of the gas with the
regulator trim parts.
2. Specic gravity of the gas
3. Temperature of the gas
4. Range of owing inlet pressures to regulator
5. Flow rates
a) Minimum controlled ow
b) Normal ow
6. Line size and end connection size of adjacent
piping. Adjacent downstream piping must be the
same size as the regulator body or longer.
7. Vessel size
Construction
Carefully review the Specications section, then
specify the desired selection on the Ordering Guide
on the following page. If a pilot setpoint is not
requested, the regulator will be factory set at the
approximate midrange.
c) Maximum ow
14
Ordering Guide
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
Type (Select One)
Y690A (Internal registration)***
Y690AH (High-pressure with Internal registration)***
Y690AM (External registration)***
Y690AHM (High-pressure with External registration)***
Is a vapor recovery regulator required? Yes No
Special Material Requirements: Ductile Iron Steel
Stainless steel Hastelloy® C Others
Other Requirements:
15
Bulletin 74.1:Y690A
Industrial Regulators
Emerson Process Management
Regulator Technologies, Inc.
USA - Headquarters
McKinney, Texas 75069-1872 USA
Tel: 1-800-558-5853
Outside U.S. 1-972-548-3574
Asia-Pacic
Shanghai, China 201206
Tel: +86 21 2892 9000
Europe
Bologna, Italy 40013
Tel: +39 051 4190611
Middle East and Africa
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Tel: +971 4811 8100
For further information visit www.sherregulators.com
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business of Emerson Process Management.
The contents of this publication are presented for informational purposes only, and while every effort has been made to ensure their accuracy, they are not to be construed as warranties or
guarantees, express or implied, regarding the products or services described herein or their use or applicability. We reserve the right to modify or improve the designs or specications of such
products at any time without notice.
Emerson Process Management does not assume responsibility for the selection, use or maintenance of any product. Responsibility for proper selection, use and maintenance of any Emerson
Process Management product remains solely with the purchaser.
Natural Gas Technologies
Emerson Process Management
Regulator Technologies, Inc.
USA - Headquarters
McKinney, Texas 75069-1872 USA
Tel: 1-800-558-5853
Outside U.S. 1-972-548-3574