Emerson Avocent AutoView 2108, Avocent AutoView 2216, Avocent AutoView 3108, Avocent AutoView 3216 Installer/user Manual

Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch

Installer/User Guide

For important safety information, visit:
www.emersonnetworkpower.com/ComplianceRegulatoryInfo

This document supports versions up to and including release 1.22.

Emerson, Emerson Network Power and the Emerson Network Power logo are trademar ks or service mar ks of Emerson

ElectricCo. Avocent, the Avocent logo, AutoView, Dambrackas Video Compression, DSView and OSCAR are trademarks or

service marks of Avocent Corporation. All other mar ks are the proper ty of their respective owners. T his document may

contain confidential and/or proprietary information of Avocent Corporation, and itsreceipt or possession does not convey any

right to reproduce, disclose its contents, or to manufacture or sell anything that it may describe. Reproduction, disclosure, or

use without specific authorization fr om Avocent Corporation is strictly prohibited. ©2016 Avocent Corporation. All rights

reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Product Overview 1

Features and Benefits 1

Reduce cable bulk 1

IQ modules 1

Multiplatform support 1

User interfaces 1

Security 2

Virtual media and smart card support 2

IPv4 and IPv6 capabilities 2

Access the AutoView switch using a standard TCP/IP network 2

Upgradeable 3

Two-tier expansion 3

KVM remote access 3

DSView™ management software plug-in 3

Local video scaling 3

Encryption 3

Safety Precautions 3

LAN Related Precautions 5

Installation 7

Setting Up Your Network 7

Keyboards 7

Quick Setup 7

Connecting the AutoView Switch Hardware 7

Tiering Your Switch Using an IQ Module 9

Adding a tiered switch 11

Adding a tiered legacy switch 12

Configuring Your Switch 15

Setting Up the Built-in Web Server 15

Connecting to the OBWI Through a Firewall 15

Verifying Power Status 16

Adjusting Mouse Settings on Target Devices 16

Local OSCAR™ User Interface 17

Main Dialog Box Functions 17

Viewing and selecting ports and devices 17

Viewing switch system status 18

Selecting devices 19

Soft switching 19

Navigating the OSCAR interface 19

Connecting local virtual media 20

Setup Dialog Box Functions 21

Changing the display behavior 22

Controlling the status flag 22

i

ii.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Setting the keyboard country code 23

Assigning device types 23

Assigning device names 24

Configuring network settings 24

Commands Dialog Box Functions 25

Selecting devices for scan mode 25

Enabling or disabling scan mode 26

Viewing and disconnecting user connections 26

Displaying version information and upgrading firmware 27

OBWI Operation 29

Using the OBWI 30

Viewing System Information 31

Generating a Certificate 32

Tools - Rebooting and Upgrading 32

Rebooting the Switch 32

Upgrading switch firmware 33

Saving and restoring configurations and user databases 33

Property Identity and Location Settings 34

Viewing Version Information 34

Network Settings 35

SNMP Settings 36

Auditing Event Settings 36

Setting Event Destinations 36

Ports Settings - Configuring an IQ Adaptor 37

Deleting IQ adaptors 37

Upgrading IQ adaptors 37

Launching a Session 37

General sessions settings 38

Local user account settings 38

Access levels 38

Virtual media session settings 39

Virtual media options 40

Local users 40

DSView Software Settings 40

LDAP 41

Configuring LDAP in the User Interface 41

Appliance and Target Device Query Modes 44

Setting up Active Directory for Performing Queries 45

Active Sessions 46

Closing a Session 46

KVM Video Viewer 47

Terminal Operation 49

Network Configuration 49

Other Console Main Menu Options 50

Table of Contents.....iii

Firmware management 50

Enable debug messages 50

Set/Change password 50

Restore factory defaults 50

Reset appliance 50

Set web interface ports 50

Exit 50

Appendices 51

Appendix A: MIB SNMP Traps 51

Appendix B: Setup Port Pinouts 53

Appendix C: Using Serial IQ Modules 54

Serial IQ module modes 54

Configuring the serial IQ module 54

Creating a serial IQ module macro 55

Using history mode 56

Serial IQ module pinouts 58

Appendix D: Sun Advanced Key Emulation 59

Appendix E: UTP Cabling 60

UTP copper cabling 60

Wiring standards 60

Cabling installation, maintenance and safety tips 61

Appendix F: Technical Specifications 62

iv.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Product Overview

The Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 switch is an analog keyboard, video and mouse (KVM)

switch that provides flexible, centralized local access to data center servers. The 2108/2216 switch models

also provide centralized remote access to data center servers when used in conjunction with the optional

Remote Access Key (RAK-key).

Features and Benefits

Reduce cable bulk

With device densities continually increasing, cable bulk remains a major concern for network administrators.

The switch significantly reduces KVM cable volume in the rack by utilizing the innovative IQ module and

single, industry-standard Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cabling. This allows a higher device density while

providing greater airflow and cooling capacity.

IQ modules

The switch supports IQ modules that are powered directly from the target device and provide Keep Alive

functionality when the switch is not powered. The IQ modules with CAT 5 design dramatically reduce cable

clutter while providing optimal resolution and video settings. The built-in memory of IQ modules simplifies

configuration by assigning and retaining unique device names and Electronic ID (EID) numbers for each

attached device.

PS/2 and USB IQ modules are available allowing direct KVM connectivity to devices. A VMC IQ module is

also available. The switch is offered with 8 or 16 ARI ports that are used to connect IQ modules to the switch.

Then utilizing the IQ modules, you can attach additional switches to expand your switch system. This

flexibility allows you to add capacity as your data center grows.

Multiplatform support

Avocent®IQ module intelligent cabling may be used to connect local devices to the switch. PS/2 and USB

options are available. For more information, please refer to the appropriate Avocent installer/user guide for

your product or visit avocent.com/manuals for more information.

User interfaces

The switch is equipped with two “point-and-click” interfaces to manage the switch locally. They are the local

user interface (UI), referred to as the Avocent®OSCAR™ graphical user interface (GUI), and the on-board

web interface (OBWI). Using the configuration options provided by these interfaces, you can tailor your switch

to your specific application. The OBWI can also be used to access and control any attached devices, and

handle all basic KVM needs remotely.

NOTE: For the 2108/2216 switch models, remote KVM sessions via the OBWI require the installation of

the RAK-key.

2.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

OSCAR graphical user interface

The OSCAR user interface, accessed using the local port, features intuitive menus and operation modes to

configure your switch and devices. Devices can be identified by name, EID, or port number.

Security

The interface allows you to protect your system with a screen saver password. When the screen saver mode

engages, access is prohibited until the appropriate password is entered to reactivate the system. By typing

Help in the password dialog, you are directed to Avocent Technical Support.

Recommended usage for the switch is in a data center infrastructure protected by a firewall.

OBWI

You can also use the OBWI to manage your switch. The OBWI is launched directly from the switch and does

not require a software server or any installation. With the addition of the optional RAK-key installed, you can

also establish remote KVM and virtual media sessions to target devices. For more information, see Product

Overview on page 1.

Terminal console interface

The terminal console interface is accessed through the "SETUP" port. A terminal screen or a PC running

terminal emulation software can be used to access these screens.

Virtual media and smart card support

The switch allows you to view, move, or copy data located on local media and smart cards. Smart cards are

pocket-sized cards that store and process information including identification and authentication information

to enable access to computers, networks, and secure rooms or buildings.

A virtual media or a smart card reader can be connected directly to the USB ports on the switch. In addition,

virtual media or smart card readers may be connected to any remote workstation that is running the remote

OBWI, switch software, or DSView management software, and is connected to the switch using an Ethernet

connection.

NOTE: To open a virtual media or smart card session with a target device, you must first connect the target

device to a switch using a USB 2 or VMC IQ module.

IPv4 and IPv6 capabilities

The switch is compatible with systems using either of the currently used Internet Protocol Versions, IPv4 or

IPv6. You can change the network settings and choose either IPv4 or IPv6 mode via the terminal console,

OSCAR interface, or OBWI.

Access the AutoView switch using a standard TCP/IP network

The device is accessible for configuration via the standard TCP/IP Network. If the optional RAK-key is

installed, you can access all attached systems via Ethernet. See Product Overview on page 1.

NOTE: The client connects to the switch using an Internet browser.

Product Overview.....3

NOTE: KVM over IP sessions are supported on the 2108/2216 switch models when the RAK-key is

installed.

Upgradeable

Upgrade your switch at any time to ensure you are always running the most current firmware version

available. For more information, see Tools - Rebooting and Upgrading on page 32.

Two-tier expansion

The switch allows you to tier one additional switch from each ARI port on the primary switch. Each tiered

switch is attached in the same manner as any device. This additional tier of units allows you to attach up to

256 servers in one system. See Tiering Your Switch Using an IQ Module on page 9.

KVM remote access

A single KVM remote user is supported. You can manage remote operating system installation, operating

system recovery, hard drive recovery or duplication, BIOS updating and server backup. You must install the

optional Remote Access Key (RAK-key) to a USB port to enable KVMremote access on the 2108/2216

switch models.

DSView™ management software plug-in

The DSView management software may be used with the switch to allow IT administrators to securely and

remotely access and monitor target devices on multiple platforms through a single, web-based user interface.

A session may be launched to a device from a single point of access. For more information, see the Technical

Bulletin for the DSView management software plug-in.

Local video scaling

The switch digitizes a video signal with a maximum pixel resolution of up to 1600 x 1200 or 1680 x 1050

(widescreen), depending on the length of cable separating your switch and devices.

Encryption

The switch supports AES, DES, and 3DES encryption of keyboard/mouse, video, and virtual media sessions.

Safety Precautions

This document pertains only to the AutoView 2108, 2216, 3108 and 3216 switches. You should also refer to

the following additional safety instructions:

• Safety Sheet

• RTF Regulatory Tech Bulletin

Use the following safety guidelines to help ensure your own personal safety and to help protect your system

and working environment from potential damage:

4.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

WARNING: The power supplies in your system may produce high voltages and energy hazards, which

can cause bodily harm. Only trained service technicians are authorized to remove the covers and access

any of the components inside the system.

• Observe and follow service markings.

• Do not service any product except as explained in your system documentation.

• Opening or removing covers that are marked with the triangular symbol with a lightning bolt may expose

you to electrical shock.

• Components inside these compartments should be serviced only by a trained service technician.

• Do not attempt to open. This product contains no serviceable components.

• If any of the following conditions occur, unplug the product from the electrical outlet and replace the part

or contact your trained service provider:

• The power cable, extension cable, or plug is damaged.

• An object has fallen into the product.

• The product has been exposed to water.

• The product has been dropped or damaged.

• The product does not operate correctly when you follow the operating instructions.

• Keep your system away from radiators and heat sources. Also, do not block cooling vents.

• Do not spill food or liquids on your system components, and never operate the product in a wet

environment. If the system gets wet, see the appropriate section in your troubleshooting guide or contact

your trained service provider.

• Use the product only with approved equipment.

• Allow the product to cool before removing covers or touching internal components.

• Operate the product only from the type of external power source indicated on the electrical ratings label.

If you are not sure of the type of power source required, consult your service provider or local power

company.

CAUTION: To help avoid damaging your system, be sure the voltage selection switch (if provided) on the

power supply is set for the voltage that most closely matches the AC power available in your location. Also

be sure that your monitor and attached devices are electrically rated to operate.

• Be sure that your monitor and attached devices are electrically rated to operate with the power available

in your location.

• Use only power cables provided with this product.

• To help prevent electric shock, plug the system and peripheral power cables into properly grounded

electrical outlets. These cables are equipped with three-prong plugs to help ensure proper grounding. Do

not use adaptor plugs or remove the grounding prong from a cable.

• Observe extension cable and power strip ratings. Make sure that the total ampere rating of all products

plugged into the power strip does not exceed 80 percent of the ampere ratings limit for the power strip.

Product Overview.....5

• To help protect your system from sudden, transient increases and decreases in electrical power, use a

surge suppressor, line conditioner, or uninterruptible power supply (UPS).

• Position system cables and power cables carefully. Route cables so that they cannot be stepped on or

tripped over. Be sure that nothing rests on any cables.

• Do not modify power cables or plugs. Consult a licensed electrician or your power company for site

modifications. Always follow your local/national wiring rules.

LAN Related Precautions

• Do not connect or use during a lightning storm. There may be a risk of electrical shock from lightning.

• Never connect or use in a wet environment.

6.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Installation

The switch uses TCP/IP for communication over Ethernet. For the best system performance, use a

dedicated, switched 10Base-T or 100Base-T Ethernet network.

You may use the terminal software, OSCAR interface, or the OBWI to manage your switch system. The

OBWI manages a single switch and its connections. You can also perform KVM and serial switching tasks

using the OBWI or DSView management software. The optional RAK-key is required to use the remote

KVMfeature on the 2108/2216 switch models. For more information about DSView management software,

visit http://www.emersonnetworkpower.com.

NOTE: Ensure that every switch has been upgraded to the most recent version of firmware. For

information on upgrading the switch using the OBWI, see Tools - Rebooting and Upgrading on page 32.

Setting Up Your Network

The switch uses IP addresses to uniquely identify the switch and attached devices. The switch supports both

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and static IP addressing. Make sure that an IP address is

reserved for each switch and that each IP address remains static while the switch is connected to the

network.

Keyboards

A USB keyboard and mouse can be connected to the analog ports of the switch.

NOTE: The switch also supports the use of multiple keyboards and multiple mice on the analog port. The

use of more than one input device simultaneously, however, may produce unpredictable results.

Quick Setup

The following is a quick setup list. For detailed rack mounting and installation instructions, see the KVM

Switch Rack Mount Quick Installation Guide.

1. Unpack the switch and verify that all components are present and in good condition.

2. Install the switch hardware and connect an IQ module to each target device or tiered switch. Connect

each IQ module to the switch with CAT 5 cabling and connect the keyboard, monitor, and mouse

connectors to the analog ports of the switch.

3. Connect the local port peripherals to the appropriate ports on the back panel of the switch and set up the

network configuration. The IP address can be set here. Using a static IP address is recommended.

4. For the local port connection, input all device names using the OSCAR interface or the OBWI.

5. Adjust mouse acceleration on each device to Slow or None.

Connecting the AutoView Switch Hardware

The following figure illustrates an example configuration for the AutoView switch.

8.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Basic Configuration

Basic Configuration Descriptions

Number Description Number Description

1

AutoView switch(16-Port Model
Shown)

2 Power Cord 8 ExternalVirtualMedia- USB Connections

3 Analog Users (2) 9 Target Device Ports

4

Digital User (requiresthe RAK­key)

5 LAN/Network 11 Servers/Target Devices

6 SETUP Console Setup Port

7 ACI Connection

10 IQ modules

Installation.....9

NOTE: The switch supports connecting to another appliance via an ACI connection. This connection

requires that the secondary appliance in the tier have an ACI connector on the user side.

CAUTION: To reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to your equipment, do not disable the jumper

cord grounding plug. The grounding plug is an important safety feature. Plug the jumper cord into a

grounded (earthed) outlet that is easily accessible at all times. Disconnect the power from the unit by

unplugging the jumper cord from either the power source or the unit.

NOTE: If the building has 3-phase AC power, ensure that the computer and monitor are on the same phase

to avoid potential phase-related video and/or keyboard problems.

NOTE: The maximum supported cable length from switch to server is 30 meters.

• Do not disable the power grounding plug. The grounding plug is an important safety feature.

• Connect the jumper cord into a grounded (earthed) outlet that is easily accessible at all times.

• Disconnect the power from the product by unplugging the jumper cord from either the power source

or the product.

• This product has no user-serviceable parts inside the product enclosure. Do not open or remove

product cover.

To connect and turn on your switch:

1. Connect your VGA monitor and USB keyboard and mouse cables to the appropriately labeled ports.

2. Connect one end of a UTP cable (4-pair, up to 98 ft/30 m) to an available numbered port. Connect the

other end to an RJ-45 connector of a IQ module.

3. Connect a IQ module to the appropriate port on the back of a device. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for all devices

you want to connect.

NOTE: When connecting to a Sun Microsystems server, you must use a multi-sync monitor in the local

port to accommodate Sun computers that support both VGA and sync-on-green or composite sync.

4. Connect a user-supplied UTP cable from the Ethernet network to the LAN port on the back of the switch.

Network users will access the switch through this port.

5. Turn on each device, then locate the jumper cord that came with the switch. Connect one end to the

power socket on the rear of the switch. Connect the other end into an appropriate power source.

6. (Optional) Connect the virtual media or smart card readers to any of the USB ports on the switch.

NOTE: For all virtual media sessions, you must use a USB2 or VMC IQ module.

Tiering Your Switch Using an IQ Module

The following figure illustrates a typical IQ module connection between the switch and a device.

10.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

To connect a IQ module to each device:

NOTE: When tiering devices, the switch closest to the actual user is the primary switch.

1. Locate the IQ modules for your switch.

2. If you are using a PS/2 IQ module connection, attach the color-coded ends of the IQ module cable to the

appropriate keyboard, monitor, and mouse ports on the first device you will be connecting to this switch.

If you are using a USB connection, attach the plug from the IQ module to the USB port on the first device

you will be connecting to this switch.

3. To the RJ-45 connector on the IQ module, attach one end of the CAT 5 cabling that will run from your IQ

module to the switch.

4. Connect the other end of the CAT 5 cable to the desired ARI port on the back of your switch.

5. Repeat steps 2-4 for all devices you wish to attach.

NOTE: Turn off the switch before servicing. Always disconnect the jumper cord from the power source.

IQ Module Connection

Installation.....11

Descriptions for IQ Module Configuration

Number Description

1 CAT 5

2 USBConnection

3 VGA Connection

Adding a tiered switch

You can tier up to two levels of switches, enabling users to connect to up to 256 devices. In a tiered system,

each device port on the main switch will connect to the ACI port on each tiered switch. Each tiered switch can

then be connected to a device with an IQ module.

To tier multiple switches:

1. Attach one end of a UTP cable (up to 30 meters in length) to a device port on the switch.

2. Connect the other end of the UTP cable to the ACI port on the back of your tiered switch.

3. Connect the devices to your tiered switch.

4. Repeat these steps for all the tiered switches you wish to attach to your system.

NOTE: The system automatically “merges” the two switches. All switches connected to the tiered switch

are displayed on the main switch list in the local UI.

NOTE: The switch supports one tiered switch per device port of the main switch. You cannot attach a

switch to the tiered switch.

12.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Tiering the Switch With a UTP Analog Switch

Descriptions for Tiering the Switch

Number Description

1 LocalUser

2 ARI Connection

3 UTP Connection

4 ACI Connection (chainicon)

Adding a tiered legacy switch

The following figure illustrates a tiered legacy switch configuration.

To add a legacy switch (optional):

1. Mount the switch into your rack. Locate a UTP cable (up to 30 meters) to connect your switch to the

legacy switch.

2. Attach one end of the UTP cabling to the ARI port on your switch.

Installation.....13

3. Connect the other end of the UTP cable to a PS/2 IQ module.

4. Connect the IQ module to the legacy switch according to the switch manufacturer's recommendations.

5. Repeat steps 1-4 for all the legacy switches you wish to attach to your switch.

NOTE: The primary switch supports only one switch per ARI port or USB port. You cannot tier a switch to

a tiered switch.

14.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Tiering Legacy Switches

Descriptions for Tiering Legacy Switches

Number Description

1 LocalUser

2 ARI Connection

3 IQ module

4 PS2Connection

5 Target Device Connection

Installation.....15

Configuring Your Switch

Once all physical connections have been made, you will need to configure the switch for use in the overall

switch system. This can be accomplished using serial interface, OBWI, OSCAR, or the DSView

management software. When configuring the switch using OSCAR, see Network Settings on page 35. When

using DSView management software on the 2108/2216 switch models, the RAK-key is required. See the

applicable Avocent Installer/User Guide for detailed instructions.

Setting Up the Built-in Web Server

Before using the OBWI to access the switch, the IP address must be specified using the setup port on the

back panel of the switch, or through the local user interface (OSCAR). To use the switch UI, see Local

OSCAR™ User Interface on page 17.

Connecting to the OBWI Through a Firewall

For switch installations that use the OBWI for access, the following ports must be opened in a firewall if

outside access is desired.

OBWI Ports With a Firewall

Port Number Function

TCP 80 Usedfor the initial downloadingof the Video Viewer. The appliance administrator canchangethisvalue.

TCP 443

TCP 2068

TCP/UDP 3211 Discovery(requiresthe RAK-key for the 2108/2216 switchmodels).

The following figure and table provide a typical configuration where the user’s computer is located outside of

the firewall and the switch resides inside the firewall.

Typical Firewall Configuration

Usedby theweb browser interface for managing the switch and launchingKVM sessions.The appliance
Admin can change this value.

Transmissionof KVM session data (mouseand keyboard) or transmission ofvideoon switches (requires the
RAK-keyfor the2108/2216 switch models).

16.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Descriptions for Firewall Configuration

Item Description

1 Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216Switch

2 Firewall

3 Computer

4 Firewallforwards HTTP requestsand KVMtraffic to the switch

5 Connection toan IPaddressoutsidethe firewall

To configure the firewall:

To access the switch from outside a firewall, configure your firewall to forward ports 80 and 443 from its

external interface to the KVM switch through the firewall’s internal interface. Consult your firewall manual for

specific port forwarding instructions.

NOTE: Ports 80 and 443 can be reconfigured by an administrator. You must reboot for a port change to

take effect.

For information on launching the OBWI, see OBWI Operation on page 29.

Verifying Power Status

The switch has one power supply. The LED illuminates when the switch is turned on and operating normally.

Adjusting Mouse Settings on Target Devices

Before a computer connected to the switch can be used for remote user control, you must either enable

Avocent Module Sync (see Mouse Settings for additional information) or set the target mouse speed and turn

off acceleration. For machines running Microsoft®Windows®(Windows NT®, 2000, XP, or Server 2003), use

the default USB mouse driver.

To ensure that the local mouse movement and remote cursor display remain in sync, mouse acceleration

must be set to none for all user accounts accessing a remote system through a KVM switch. Mouse

acceleration must also be set to none on every remote system. Special cursors should not be used and cursor

visibility options, such as pointer trails, Ctrl key cursor location animations, cursor shadowing, and cursor

hiding, should also be turned off.

NOTE: If you are not able to disable mouse acceleration from within a Windows operating system, or if you

do not wish to adjust the settings of all your target devices, you may use the Tools - Single Cursor Mode

command available in the Video Viewer window. This command places the Video Viewer window into an

“invisible mouse” mode, which allows you to manually toggle control between the mouse pointer on the

device system being viewed and the mouse pointer on the client computer.

Local OSCAR™ User Interface

The AutoView switch features user-side keyboard and mouse ports that allow you to connect a USB keyboard

and mouse for direct analog access. The switch uses the OSCAR interface to configure your system and

devices. You can use the OSCAR interface to access devices that are attached to the AutoView switch.

Main Dialog Box Functions

To access the OSCAR interface Main dialog box:

Press Print Screen to launch the OSCAR interface. The Main dialog box will appear.

NOTE: If the OSCAR password has been enabled, you will be prompted to enter a password before you

can launch the OSCAR interface.

Viewing and selecting ports and devices

Use the OSCAR Main dialog box to view, configure, and control devices in the switch system. View your

devices by name, port, or by the unique EID number embedded in each IQ module.

In the following figure, the Port column indicates the ARI port to which a device is connected. If you tier a

switch from the main switch, creating another tier, the ARI port on the switch is listed first, and is followed by

the switch port to which the device is connected.

OSCAR Interface Main Dialog Box

18.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

NOTE: You can press the Control , Alt or Shift keys twice within one second to launch the OSCAR

interface. You can use this key sequence when you see Print Screen throughout this chapter.

Main Dialog Box Functions

Button Function

Name Name ofdevice.

EID UniqueEID ina module.

Port The port to whicha deviceisconnected.

Clear Clear all offline IQ modules.

Disconnect Disconnect theKVMsession.

Setup Accessthe Setupdialogbox and configure theOSCAR interface.

Commands Accessthe Commandsdialog box.

VMedia Control virtualmedia connection.

Viewing switch system status

The status of devices in your system is indicated in the right column of the Main dialog box. The following

table describes the status symbols.

OSCAR Interface Status Symbols

Symbol Description

(Green circle) deviceconnected,turned on,and theIQ moduleis online.

Connecteddevice is turnedoff or isnot operatingproperly, and theIQ moduleisoffline.

Connectedswitch is online.

Connectedswitch is offlineor not operating properly.

(Yellow circle) The designatedIQ moduleisbeing upgraded. When this symboldisplays, donot cycle power to the
switch or connecteddevicesand donot disconnect the IQ module. Doing so may render themodule permanently
inoperable andrequire theIQ module to be returned tothe factory for repair.

(Green letter) IQ moduleisbeing accessed by theindicated user channel.

Local OSCAR™ User Interface.....19

Symbol Description

(Blackletter) IQ moduleisblocked bythe indicateduser channel.

(Red letter)Smart card support isavailable.

Selecting devices

Use the Main dialog box to select a device. When you select a device, the switch reconfigures the local

keyboard and mouse to the settings for that device.

To select a device:

Double-click the device name, EID, or port number.

or-

If the display order of your list is by port (the Port button is depressed), type the port number and press Enter .

-or-

If the display order of your list is by name or EID (the Name or EID button is depressed), type the first few

letters of the name of the device or the EID number to establish it as unique and press Enter.

To select the previous device:

Press Print Screen and then Backspace. This key combination toggles between the previous and current

connections.

To disconnect from a device:

Press Print Screen and then Alt+0 (zero). This leaves the user in a free state, with no device selected. The

status flag on your desktop displays the word Free.

Soft switching

Soft switching is the ability to switch devices using a hotkey sequence. You can soft switch to a device by

pressing Print Screen, and then depending on the method you’ve selected, typing the first few characters of

its name or number. If you have set a Screen Delay Time for the OSCAR interface and you press the key

sequences before that time has elapsed, the OSCAR interface will not be displayed.

To soft switch to a device:

Press Print Screen, type the port number and the first few letters of the name of the device, to establish it as

unique and press Enter.

To switch back to the previous device, press Print Screen and then Backspace.

Navigating the OSCAR interface

The following table describes how to navigate the OSCAR interface using the keyboard and mouse.

20.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

OSCAR Interface Navigation Basics

Keystroke Function

Print Screen,
Ctrl+Ctrl, Shift+Shift
and/or Alt+Alt

F1

Escape

Alt

Alt+X

Alt+O

Enter

Single-click, Enter

Print Screen,
Backspace

Print Screen, Pause

OSCAR interface activation sequence. Bydefault, Print Screen and Ctrl+Ctrlare set asthe OSCAR
interfaceactivationoptions. Shift+Shift and Alt+Alt mustbe set withinthe OSCAR interfacebefore use.

Opens the Help screen forthe current dialog box.

Closes the current dialogbox withoutsaving changesand returnsto thepreviousone. Ifthe Main dialog
boxisdisplayed,pressingEscape closesthe OSCAR interface and displays a statusflagif statusflagsare
enabled. SeeCommandsDialogBox Functions on page 25 for more information. In a message box,
pressing Escape closes the pop-up boxand returns tothe current dialog box.

Opens dialog boxes, selects or checks options,and executesactions when usedwith underlinedor other
designated letters.

Closes current dialogbox and returns topreviousone.

Selectsthe OK button, thenreturns to the previous dialog box.

Completesa switch operation in the Main dialogbox and exits the OSCAR interface.

In atext box, single-clicking anentry andpressing Enter selectsthe text for editingand enablesthe left
and right arrow keysto movethe cursor. Press Enter again toquit the Editmode.

Togglesbackto previousselection.

Immediatelyturns onScreen Saver modeand prevents accessto that specific console, if it ispassword
protected.

Up/Down Arrows

Right/Left Arrows

Page Up/Page Down

Home/End

Backspace

Movesthe cursor from lineto line in lists.

Movesthe cursor between columns.When editing a textbox, these keysmovethe cursor within the
column.

Pagesup anddown throughName andPort listsand Help pages.

Movesthe cursor to the top or bottomof alist.

Erasescharactersin a textbox.

Connecting local virtual media

You can connect virtual media directly to the switch using a USB port on the switch.

NOTE: All USB ports are assigned to a single virtual media session and cannot be independently mapped.

To start a local virtual media session, complete the following steps:

1. Press Print Screen to start the OSCAR interface and open the Main window.

2. Connect the user to the device with which you want to establish a virtual media session.

3. Use the arrow keys to highlight the device name, and then press Enter.

4. Press Print Screen to start the OSCAR interface again. The Virtual Media window is displayed.

5. Select one or more of the following checkboxes:

• Locked - Select this checkbox to specify that when the user is disconnected from a device, the

virtual media is also disconnected.

• Reserve - Select this checkbox to specify that the virtual media connection can be accessed only

by your user name and that no other user can connect to that device. If both Locked and Reserved

are selected, the session will be reserved.

• CD ROM - Select this checkbox to establish a virtual media CD connection to a device. Clear this

checkbox to end the connection.

• Mass Storage - Select this checkbox to establish a virtual media mass-storage connection to a

device. Clear this checkbox to end the connection.

• Write Access - Select this checkbox to enable the connected device to write data to the virtual

media during a virtual media session. Read access is always enabled during virtual media

sessions.

6. Click OK.

Setup Dialog Box Functions

Local OSCAR™ User Interface.....21

You can configure your switch system from the Setup dialog box within the OSCAR interface. Select the

Names button when initially setting up your switch to identify devices by unique names. Select the other

setup features to manage routine tasks for your devices from the OSCAR interface menu. The following table

lists the functions accessed using each of the buttons in the Setup dialog box.

To access the OSCAR interface Setup dialog box, click Setup on the Main dialog box.

Setup Dialog Box Features

Feature Purpose

Change the Maindialogbox listsorting option bytogglingnumericallybetween port number, EID number, or

Menu

Security Set passwordsto protector restrictaccess or enablethe screen saver.

Devices Identifythe appropriatenumber of portson an attached tiered switch.

Names Identifydevicesby unique names.

Keyboard Set the keyboard country code valuefor the USBdevices.

Broadcast Set up to simultaneouslycontrolmultiple devicesthrough keyboard and mouse actions.

Switch Change how local port connectionsare managedby theswitch. ControlLocalto LocalShare Mode.

alphabeticallyby name. Changethe Screen Delay Time before the OSCARinterface displaysafter pressing Print
Screen.You can alsochangehow the OSCAR interface activation sequenceis invoked.

Network Choose your networkspeed, transmission mode, andconfiguration.

Scan Set up a custom Scan pattern for multiple devices.

VMedia Set thebehaviour of the switch during avirtualmediasession.

22.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Changing the display behavior

Use the Menu dialog box to change the order of displayed devices, change how the OSCAR interface is

invoked, or set a Screen Delay Time for the OSCAR interface. This setting alters how devices are displayed

in several dialog boxes, including the Main, Devices, and Scan List boxes.

To access the OSCAR interface Menu dialog box, activate the OSCAR interface and click Setup - Menu in

the Main dialog box.

To choose the display order of devices:

1. Select Name to display devices alphabetically by name.

-or-

Select EID to display devices numerically by EID number.

-or-

Select Port to display devices numerically by port number.

2. Click OK.

Depending on the display method selected, the corresponding button will be depressed in the Main dialog box.

To change how the OSCAR interface is invoked:

1. Select the checkbox next to one of the listed methods.

2. Click OK.

To set a Screen Delay Time for the OSCAR interface:

1. Type in the number of seconds (0-9) to delay the OSCAR interface display after you press Print Screen.

Enter 0 to launch the OSCAR interface with no delay.

2. Click OK.

Setting a Screen Delay Time enables you to complete a soft switch without the OSCAR interface. To perform

a soft switch, see Soft switching on page 19.

Controlling the status flag

The status flag displays on your desktop and shows the name or EID number of the selected device or the

status of the selected port. Use the Flag dialog box to configure the flag to display by device name or EID

number, or to change the flag color, opacity, display time, and location on the desktop.

To access the OSCAR interface Flag dialog box:

Activate the OSCAR interface and click Setup - Flag to open the Flag dialog box.

To determine how the status flag is displayed:

1. Select Name or EID to determine what information will be displayed. The following interface Status

Flags are available.

• Flag Description

• Flag type by name

• Flag type by EID number

• Flag indicating that the user has been disconnected from all systems

Local OSCAR™ User Interface.....23

2. Select Displayed to activate the flag display. After a switch, the flag will remain on the screen until the

user switches to another device. Selecting Timed will cause the flag to display for five seconds when a

switch is made and then disappear.

3. Select a flag color under Display Color. The following flag colors are available:

• Flag 1 - Gray flag with black text

• Flag 2 - White flag with red text

• Flag 3 - White flag with blue text

• Flag 4 - White flag with violet text

4. In Display Mode, select Opaque for a solid color flag or Transparent to see the desktop through the flag.

5. To position the status flag on the desktop:

a. Click Set Position to gain access to the position flag screen.

b. Left-click on the title bar and drag it to the desired location.

c. Right-click to return to the Flag dialog box.

NOTE: Changes made to the flag position are not saved until you click OK in the Flag dialog box.

6. Click OK to save settings.

-or-

Click X to exit without saving changes.

Setting the keyboard country code

NOTE: Using a keyboard code that supports a language different from that of your switch firmware will

cause incorrect keyboard mapping.

By default, the switch sends the US keyboard country code to USB modules attached to devices, and the

code is applied to the devices when they are turned on or rebooted. Codes are then stored in the IQ module.

Issues may arise when you use the US keyboard country code with a keyboard of another country.

For example, the Z key on a US keyboard is in the same location as the Y key on a German keyboard. The

Keyboard dialog box enables you to send a different keyboard country code than the default US setting. The

specified country code is sent to all devices attached to the switch when they are turned on or rebooted, and

the new code is stored in the IQ module.

NOTE: If an IQ module is moved to a different device, the keyboard country code will need to be reset.

Assigning device types

To access the OSCAR interface Devices dialog box:

Activate the OSCAR interface and click Setup - Devices to open the Devices dialog box.

NOTE: The Modify button is available only if a configurable switch is selected.

24.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

When the switch discovers a tiered switch, the numbering format changes from switch port to [switch port]-

[switch port] to accommodate each device under that switch.

For example, if a switch is connected to console switch port 6, each device connected to it would be

numbered sequentially. The device using console switch port 6, switch port 1, would be 06-01, the device

using console switch port 6, switch port 2, would be 06-02, and so on.

To assign a device type:

1. In the Devices dialog box, select the desired port number.

2. Click Modify to open the Device Modify dialog box.

3. Choose the number of ports supported by your switch and click OK.

4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each port requiring a device type to be assigned.

Assigning device names

Use the Names dialog box to identify devices by name rather than by port number. The Names list is always

sorted by port order. You can toggle between displaying the name or the EID number of each IQ module, so

even if you move the IQ module/device to another port, the name and configuration will be recognized by the

switch.

NOTE: When it is initially connected, a device will not appear in the Names list until it is turned on. Once an

initial connection has been made, it will appear in the Names list even when turned off.

To access the OSCAR interface Names dialog box, activate the OSCAR interface and click Setup - Names.

NOTE: If new IQ modules are discovered by the switch, the on-screen list will be automatically updated.

The mouse cursor will change into an hourglass during the update. No mouse or keyboard input will be

accepted until the list update is complete.

To assign names to devices:

1. In the Names dialog box, select a device name or port number and click Modify to open the Name

Modify dialog box.

2. Type a name in the New Name box. Names of devices may contain all printable characters.

3. Click OK to assign the new name.

4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each device in the system.

5. Click OK in the Names dialog box to save your changes.

-or-

Click X or press Escape to exit the dialog box without saving changes.

Configuring network settings

Use the Network dialog box to set the Network Speed, Transmission Mode, and Network Configuration

feature.

To change network settings:

1. If the OSCAR interface is not open, press Print Screen to open the Main dialog box.

Local OSCAR™ User Interface.....25

2. Click Setup - Network to open the Network dialog box.

3. Make desired changes and click OK to confirm or click X to exit without saving.

NOTE: Changing the network settings will cause the switch to reboot.

4. Click OK in the Devices dialog box to save settings.

NOTE: Changes made in the Device Modify dialog box are not saved to the switch until you click OK in the

Device Modify dialog box.

NOTE: Changes made in the Name Modify dialog box are not saved to the switch until you click OK in the

Names dialog box.

NOTE: If an IQ module has not been assigned a name, the EID is used as the default name.

Commands Dialog Box Functions

From the OSCAR interface Commands dialog box, you can manage your switch system and user

connections, enable the Scan mode, and update your firmware.

Commands to Manage Routine Tasks for Your Devices

Features Purpose

Beginscanningyour devices. Set upa devicelist for

ScanEnable

User Status View anddisconnect users.

IQ Module Status

DisplayVersions

DisplayConfig Viewcurrent configurationparameters.

Device Reset

To access the OSCAR interface Commands dialog box:

scanningin theSetup dialog box. You must have at least
two devices selected in theSetup -Scan List menu to
enabledevice scanning.

Displaythe currentlyavailable firmware for eachtypeof
IQ module.

Viewversioninformationfor the switchas well as view and
upgrade firmware for individualIQ modules.

Re-establishoperation ofkeyboard and mouse onthe
local port.

Activate the OSCAR interface and click Commands to open the dialog box.

Selecting devices for scan mode

The Scan dialog box allows the local user to define a custom list of devices to include while in Scan mode and

the number of seconds to display each device. The creation of the Scan list does not start Scan mode. You

must enable Scan mode using the Scan Enable checkbox on the Commands dialog box. The Scan list is

displayed in the manner set from the Menu dialog box. It can be changed in the Scan dialog box to sort either

26.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

by name, EID, or port by choosing one of the buttons. If a device on the list is unavailable, it is skipped. Watch

mode views a device unless a conflicting network user blocks the path to that device. If a conflict is detected

in Watch mode (or the device is unavailable), the device to be viewed is skipped.

To add devices to the Scan list:

1. Activate the OSCAR interface and click Setup - Scan to open the Scan dialog box.

2. The dialog box contains a listing of all devices attached to your switch. Click the checkbox to the right of

the device, double-click on the desired entry, or highlight the device, and click the Add/Remove button to

toggle the Scan checkbox setting. You can select up to 100 devices for inclusion in the Scan list.

NOTE: Click the Clear button to remove all devices from the Scan list.

3. In the Time field, type the number of seconds (from 3 - 255) to display each device while scanning. The

default is 15 seconds per device.

4. Click OK.

NOTE: The order in which the devices appear in the Scan dialog box is based on the order in which they

were selected. Scanning a single device multiple times during a loop is not supported. Scan time must be

the same for all devices.

Enabling or disabling scan mode

To start the Scan mode:

1. Activate the OSCAR interface and click Commands. The Commands dialog box is displayed.

2. Select Scan Enable in the Commands dialog box. Scanning will begin.

3. Click X to close the Commands dialog box.

To cancel Scan mode:

Select a device if the OSCAR interface is open.

-or-

Move the mouse or press any key on the keyboard if the OSCAR interface is not open. Scanning will stop at

the currently selected device.

-or-

From the Commands dialog box, clear the Scan Enable checkbox.

Viewing and disconnecting user connections

You can view and disconnect users through the User Status dialog box. The username (U) and server (S) will

always be displayed when connected to a device (local or remote). You can display either the device name or

EID number to which a user is connected. If there is no user currently connected to a channel, the username

and device fields will be blank.

To view current user connections, activate the OSCAR interface and click Commands > User Status to open

the User Status dialog box.

Local OSCAR™ User Interface.....27

To disconnect a user:

1. On the User Status dialog box, click the letter corresponding to the user to disconnect. The Disconnect

dialog box will appear.

2. Click Disconnect to disconnect the user and return to the User Status dialog box.

-or-

Click X or press Escape to exit the dialog box without disconnecting a user.

Displaying version information and upgrading firmware

For troubleshooting and support, the OSCAR interface enables you to display the version number of the

switch firmware and any auxiliary devices connected to the switch, as well as upgrade your firmware for

optimum performance.

To display version information and upgrade firmware:

1. Activate the OSCAR interface and click Commands - Display Versions. The top half of the box lists the

subsystem version in the switch. The lower half displays the current IP address, Mask, MAC, and EID.

2. If you want to upgrade the firmware, click Upgrade and then click OK to open the download box. You will

be prompted for an FTP or TFTP device IP address and the related information.

3. Click Download. After the firmware is downloaded, the Upgrade dialog box will appear.

4. Click the Upgrade button.

NOTE: The switch will reboot when the upgrade is complete.

To upgrade individual IQ modules:

1. Click the IQ button to view individual IQ module version information.

2. Select the IQ button to view and click the Version button.

3. Click the Load Firmware button.

4. Click OK to initiate the upgrade and return to the Status dialog box.

NOTE: During an upgrade, the IQ module status indicator in the Main dialog box is yellow. The IQ modules

are unavailable when an upgrade is in progress. When an upgrade is initiated, any current connection to the

device using the IQ module is terminated.

To simultaneously upgrade multiple IQ modules:

1. Activate the OSCAR interface, click Commands - IQ Status and click one or more types of IQ modules

to upgrade.

2. Click Upgrade.

NOTE: When the Enable IQ Auto update option is enabled in the IQ Status dialog box, IQ module firmware

is automatically upgraded when the switch firmware is upgraded or when a new IQ module is discovered by

the switch after a firmware upgrade. IQmodules that have already been discovered but which are not

attached to the switch during the firmware upgrade must be upgraded manually.

28.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

3. The IQ Upgrade dialog box is displayed. Click OK to initiate the upgrade and return to the IQ Status

dialog box.

To return an IQ module to factory default status:

1. Click IQ in the Version dialog box.

2. Select an IQ module, then click Decommission.

3. Click OK to restore factory defaults. You will see the IQ module go offline briefly and return.

- or-

Click X or press Escape to cancel the operation.

4. Click X to close the IQ Select dialog box.

OBWI Operation

The OBWI for the AutoView switch is a remote, web browser-based user interface. For details on setting up

your system, see Connecting the AutoView Switch Hardware on page 7. The following table lists the

operating systems and browsers that are supported by the OBWI. Make sure that you are using the latest

version of your Web browser.

Operating Systems Supported by the OBWI

Browser

Operating System

Microsoft WindowsServer
2003 Standard, Enterprise
or WebEdition

Microsoft WindowsXP
Home Edition or
Professional

Microsoft Windows7 or 8 Yes Yes Yes

Microsoft WindowsServer
2012

Microsoft®Internet
Explorer®Version 9.0

®

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

®

Yes Yes Yes

Firefox Version 10 and Later

Google Chrome Version19 and
Later

Microsoft Windows2008 Yes Yes Yes

Red HatEnterprise Linux®5
and 6

CanonicalUbuntu 12.04 No Yes No

SunSolaris®10 and 11 No Yes No

Novell SUSE Linux
Enterprise10 and11

AppleMacOS XTiber 10.4+ No Yes No

To log in to the switch OBWI:

1. Launch a web browser.

2. In the address field of the browser, enter the IP address or host name assigned to the switch you wish to

access. Use https://xxx.xx.xx.xx or https://hostname as the format.

NOTE: If using IPv6 mode, you must include square brackets around the IP address. Use https://

[<ipaddress-] as the format.

3. When the browser makes contact with the switch, enter your username and password, then click Login.

The switch OBWI will appear.

No Yes No

No Yes No

NOTE: The default username is Admin with no password.

30.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

To log in to the switch OBWI from outside a firewall, repeat the above procedure, entering the external IP

address of the firewall instead.

NOTE: The switch will attempt to detect if Java is already installed on your PC. If it is not, in order to use

the OBWI, you will need to install it. You may also need to associate the JNLP file with Java WebStart.

NOTE: Using the OBWI requires using Java Runtime Environment (JRE) version 1.6.0_11 or higher.

NOTE: Once you have logged in to the OBWI, you will not have to log in again when launching new

sessions unless you have logged out or your session has exceeded the inactivity timeout specified by the

administrator.

Using the OBWI

After you have been authenticated, the user interface appears. You may view, access, and manage your

switch, as well as specify system settings and change profile settings. The following figure shows the user

interface window areas. Screen descriptions are provided in the following table.

OBWI Window

Descriptions for the OBWI

Number Description

1

2

3 Content area: Use thecontentarea to display or make changesto theswitchOBWI system.

Top option bar:Use thetop option barto contact TechnicalSupport, view the software general information, log out
of anOBWI session, or accessthe Helptool

Sidenavigationbar: Use the side navigation bar to select theinformationto bedisplayed.You can use the side
navigationbar to displaywindows in which you can specifysettingsor perform operations.

OBWI Operation.....31

Viewing System Information

You can view switch and target device information from the following screens in the user interface.

System Information

Category Select This: To View This:

List ofconnected devices, as wellas thename, type, status,and actionof

Target Devices Unit View - Target Devices

eachdevice. Clickon a targetdevice toviewthe followinginformation:name,
type,EID, available session option, andthe connection path.

AutoView switch UnitView - Appliance- Tools

Unit View - Appliance - Files Configuration andUser Database forthe switch.

Unit View - Appliance ­Properties- Identity

Unit View - Appliance ­Properties- Location

Unit View - Appliance Settings­Versions

Unit View - Appliance Settings­Network

Unit View - Appliance Settings­SNMP

Unit View - Appliance Settings­Auditing

Unit View - Appliance Settings­Ports

Unit View - Appliance Settings
Sessions

Name, type, and the switchtools(Maintenance-Overview/Reboot/Resetand
Upgrade, Certificates, andTrap MIB).

Part number, serial number, andstatusof theRAK-key(default settingis
disabled).

Site,department, and location ofeach unit.

Current application, boot, build,hardware, UART, and video ASIC versions.

Network address, LAN speed, andweb server ports.

System description, SNMPsetting, contact,read/write and trap settings, and
designationsfor allowedmanagers.

Events listand status and SNMPtrap destinations.

Status, EID,name, port,applicationand interface type for each IQ adaptor;
name, port, type, channels, andstatusfor eachtiered switch.

General session timeout andsharingdetails; KVM encryptionlevels and
keyboard language; virtual media settings, drive mappings,encryption level,
and IQ adaptoraccess.

Unit View - Appliance - User
Accounts

Unit View - Appliance ­Connections

ActiveSessions Server, owner, remotehost, duration,and type ofeachactivesession.

NOTE: IQ adaptor and IQ module are used interchangeably. In the OSCAR interface IQ module is the term

used. In the OBWI, IQ adaptor is the term used.

Security and user lock-outfor the localaccount; authenticationserver
assignmentsfor DSView management software, andoverride admin
usernameand password in caseof a failed operation.

Connection path nameand type.

32.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Generating a Certificate

A web certificate allows you to access the OBWI without having to acknowledge the switch as a trusted web

device each time you access it. Using the Install Web Certificate window, you can generate a new self-signed

openssl or upload a certificate. Uploaded certificates must be in OpenSSL PEM format with an unencrypted

private key.

To install a web certificate:

1. From the side navigation bar, select Unit View - Appliance - Overview.

2. Click Manage Appliance Web Certificate.

3. Click Update.

4. Select the Generate a new Self-Signed Certificate radio button and enter the following fields:

• Common Name: your name. (Since this is your root certificate, use an appropriate name such as,

"Company_Name Certificate Authority.")

• Organization: organization unit name (marketing, for example).

• City or Locality: the city where your organization is located.

• State or Province: the unabbreviated state or province where your organization is located.

• Country: the two-letter ISO abbreviation for your country.

• Email Address: the email address for the Certificate Authority (CA) to contact.

5. Click Generate to create the certificate.

To upload a new certificate:

1. Click the Upload a New Certificate radio button.

2. Select the method (Filesystem, TFTP, FTP, or HTTP).

3. Click Browse to search for the certificate or enter the certificate filename.

4. Select Install. Close the web browser, then launch the OBWI again for the same IP address.

NOTE: If importing a company certificate file, it may take up to 30 seconds for the OBWI to launch.

5. When prompted, click to view the certificate and follow the instructions to import the certificate into the

Root Certificate Authority folder. After the certificate is stored, the user should not see the certificate

warning.

Tools - Rebooting and Upgrading

From the Unit View - Appliance - Overview page, you can view the switch name and type. You can also

perform the following tasks.

Rebooting the Switch

To reboot the switch:

1. From the side navigation bar, click Unit View - Appliance - Overview to open the Unit Maintenance

screen.

2. Click the Reboot button.

OBWI Operation.....33

3. A dialog box appears, warning you that all active sessions will be disconnected. Click the OK button.

NOTE: If you are using the local UI, the screen will be blank while the switch reboots. If you are using the

remote OBWI, a message will appear to let you know that the interface is waiting on the switch to complete

the reboot.

Upgrading switch firmware

You can update your switch with the latest firmware available.

After the memory is reprogrammed with the upgrade, the switch performs a soft reset, which terminates all IQ

adaptor sessions. A target device experiencing an IQ adaptor firmware update may not display, or may

display as disconnected. The target device will appear normally when the update is completed.

Attention: Disconnecting an IQ adaptor during a firmware update or cycling power to the target device will

render the module inoperable and require the IQ adaptor to be returned to the factory for repair.

To upgrade the switch firmware:

1. From the side navigation bar, click Unit View - Appliance - Overview to open the Unit Maintenance

screen.

2. Click Upgrade Firmware.

3. Select one of the following methods to load the firmware file: Filesystem, TFTP, FTP, or HTTP.

NOTE: The Filesystem option is only available on the remote OBWI.

4. If you selected Filesystem, select Browse to specify the location of the firmware upgrade file.

-or-

If you selected TFTP, enter the Server IP Address and Firmware File you wish to load.

-or-

If you selected FTP or HTTP, enter the Server IP Address and Firmware File you wish to load, as well

as the User Name and User Password.

5. Click the Upgrade button.

Saving and restoring configurations and user databases

You may save the switch configuration to a file. The configuration file will contain information about the

managed switch. You may also save the local user database on the switch. After saving either file, you may

also restore a previously saved configuration file or local user database file to the switch.

To save a managed switch configuration or user database of a managed switch:

1. From the side navigation bar, click Unit View - Appliance - Overview.

2. Click either the Save Appliance Configuration or Save Appliance User Database, then click the Save

tab.

3. Select the file save method: Filesystem, TFTP, FTP, or HTTP PUT.

4. If you selected TFTP, enter the Server IP Address and Firmware Filename you wish to load.

-or-

34.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

If you selected FTP or HTTP, enter the Server IP Address, Username, User Password, and Firmware

Filename you wish to load.

5. Click the Download button. The Save As dialog box will open.

6. Navigate to the desired location and enter a name for the file. Click the Save button.

To restore a managed switch configuration or user database of a managed switch:

1. From the side navigation bar, click the Unit View - Appliance - Overview.

2. Click either the Restore Appliance Configuration or Restore Appliance User Database, then click the

Restore tab.

3. Select the file save method: Filesystem, TFTP, FTP, or HTTP.

4. If you selected Filesystem, click the Browse button to specify the location of the firmware upgrade file.

-or-

If you selected TFTP, enter the Server IP Address and Firmware Filename you wish to load.

-or-

If you selected FTP or HTTP, enter the Server IP Address, User Name, User Password, and Firmware

Filename you wish to load.

5. Click the Browse button. Navigate to the desired location and select the file name. Click the Upload

button.

6. After the success screen appears, reboot the managed switch to enable the restored configuration.

Recovering From a Failed Flash Upgrade

NOTE: You may only recover from a failed Flash upgrade when using IPv4 mode. If the green power LED

on the front and back panel of the Remote Console switch blinks continuously, the Remote Console switch

is in recovery mode.

To recover from a failed Flash upgrade:

1. Download the latest Flash firmware.

2. Save the Flash upgrade file to the appropriate directory on the TFTP server.

3. Set up the TFTP server with the server IP address 10.0.0.20.

4. Rename the downloaded file “CMN-1095.fl” and place it into the TFTP root directory of the TFTP server.

5. If the Remote Console switch is not on, turn it on now. The recovery process should start automatically.

Property Identity and Location Settings

The switch can report most device properties directly through the switch web browser. Clicking Identity

displays the Unit Identification Properties screen and provides the Part Number, Serial Number, and status of

the RAK-key. The Unit Location Properties screen displays the Site, Department and Location.

Viewing Version Information

The Version screen displays version information of the Current Application, Boot, Build, Hardware, UART,

and Video ASIC versions. This screen is a read-only screen.

OBWI Operation.....35

Network Settings

NOTE: Only administrators can make changes to the Network dialog box settings. Other users will have

view only access.

From the side navigation bar, click Network to display the General, IPv4, and IPv6 tabs.

To configure general network settings:

1. Click the Network tab, then click the General tab to display the switch General Network Settings

screen.

2. Select one of the following options from the LAN Speed drop-down menu: Auto-Detect, 10 Mbps Half

Duplex, 10 Mbps Full Duplex, 100 Mbps Half Duplex, or 100 Mbps Full Duplex.

NOTE: You must reboot if you change the Ethernet mode.

3. Select either Enabled or Disabled in the ICMP Ping Reply drop-down menu.

4. Verify or modify the HTTP or HTTPS ports. The settings will default to HTTP 80 and HTTPS 443.

5. Click Save.

To configure IPv4 network settings:

1. Click the Network tab, then click the Address tab to display the IPv4 Settings screen.

2. Click the IPv4 button.

3. Click to fill or clear the Enable IPv4 checkbox.

4. Enter the desired information in the Address, Subnet, and Gateway fields. IPv4 addresses are entered

as the xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx dot notation.

5. Select either Enabled or Disabled from the DHCP drop-down menu.

NOTE: If you enable DHCP, any information that you enter in the Address, Subnet, and Gateway fields will

be ignored.

6. Click Save.

To configure IPv6 network settings:

1. Click the IPv6 button.

2. Enter the desired information in the Address, Subnet, and Prefix Length fields. IPv6 addresses are

entered as the FD00:172:12:0:0:0:0:33 or abbreviated FD00:172:12::33 hex notation.

3. Select either Enabled or Disabled from the DHCP drop-down menu.

NOTE: If you enable DHCPv6, any information that you enter in the Address, Gateway, and Prefix length

fields will be ignored.

4. Click Save.

36.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

SNMP Settings

SNMP is a protocol used to communicate management information between network management

applications and the switch. Other SNMP managers can communicate with your switch by accessing MIB-II.

When you open the SNMP screen, the OBWI will retrieve the SNMP parameters from the unit.

From the SNMP screen, you can enter system information and community strings. You may also designate

which stations can manage the switch as well as receive SNMP traps from the switch. If you select Enable

SNMP, the unit will respond to SNMP requests over UDP port 161.

To configure general SNMP settings:

1. Click SNMP to open the SNMP screen.

2. Click to enable the Enable SNMP checkbox to allow the switch to respond to SNMP requests over UDP

port 161.

3. Enter the system’s fully qualified domain name in the Name field, as well as a node contact person in the

Contact field.

4. Enter the Read, Write, and Trap community names. These specify the community strings that must be

used in SNMP actions. The Read and Write strings only apply to SNMP over UDP port 161 and act as

passwords that protect access to the switch. The values can be up to 64 characters in length. These

fields may not be left blank.

5. Type the address of up to four management workstations that are allowed to manage this switch in the

Allowable Managers fields. Alternatively, you may leave these fields blank to allow any station to

manage the switch.

6. Click Save.

Auditing Event Settings

An event is a notification sent by the switch to a management station indicating that something has occurred

that may require further attention.

To enable individual events:

1. Click Auditing to open the Events screen.

2. Specify the events that will generate notifications by clicking the appropriate checkboxes in the list.

-or-

Select or clear the checkbox next to Event Name to select or deselect the entire list.

3. Click Save.

Setting Event Destinations

You can configure audit events to be sent to SNMP trap destinations and Syslog devices. The events enabled

on the Events screen are sent to all the devices listed on the Event Destination screen.

To set event destinations:

1. Click Auditing and the Destinations tab to open the Event Destinations screen.

2. Type the address of up to four management workstations to which this switch will send events in the

SNMP Trap Destination fields, as well as up to four Syslog devices.

OBWI Operation.....37

3. Click Save.

Ports Settings - Configuring an IQ Adaptor

From the switch you can display a list of the attached IQ adaptors, as well as the following information about

each IQ adaptor: EID, Port, Status, Application Version, and Interface Type. You can click on one of the IQ

adaptors to view the following additional information: Switch Type, Boot Version, Application Version,

Hardware Version, FPGA Version, Version Available, and Upgrade Status.

You can also delete an offline IQ adaptor and upgrade the IQ adaptor firmware.

Deleting IQ adaptors

To delete an offline IQ adaptor:

1. From the side navigation bar, click Ports - IQ adaptors to open the IQ adaptor screen.

2. Click in the applicable IQ adaptor checkbox.

3. Click Delete Offline.

Upgrading IQ adaptors

The IQ adaptors will automatically update when the switch is updated. To update your switch firmware, see

Tools - Rebooting and Upgrading on page 32 or the DSView management software Online Help. If issues

occur during the normal upgrade process, IQ adaptors may also be force-upgraded when needed.

NOTE: Check http://www.avocent.com/support for firmware upgrade files.

CAUTION: Disconnecting an IQ adaptor during a firmware update or cycling power to the device will

render the module inoperable and require the IQ adaptor to be returned to the factory for repair.

To upgrade the IQ adaptor firmware:

1. From the side navigation bar, click Ports - IQ adaptors to open the IQ adaptors screen.

2. Select the checkboxes next to the IQ adaptors that you wish to modify.

3. Select Choose an operation and select Upgrade.

4. If the settings are correct, click Upgrade.

To set the USB speed:

NOTE: This section only applies to the USB2 IQ adaptor.

1. From the side navigation bar, click Ports - IQ adaptors to open the IQ adaptors screen.

2. Select the checkboxes next to the IQ adaptors that you wish to modify.

Launching a Session

NOTE: Java 1.6.0_11 or later is required to launch a session.

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To launch a session:

1. From the side navigation bar, select Target Devices. A list of available devices will appear.

2. The applicable action, KVM Session, will be displayed in the Action column, and will depend on the

target device that was selected to launch the session. If more than one action is available for a given

target device, click the drop-down arrow and select the applicable action from the list.

If the target device is currently in use, you may be able to gain access by forcing a connection to the device if

your preemption level is equal to or higher than the current user's.

To switch to the active session from the local UI (local users only):

1. From the side navigation bar, select Local Session.

2. Select the Resume Active Session checkbox. The Video Viewer window will appear.

NOTE: The RAK-key is required for KVM remote access.

NOTE: From the Active Sessions screen, you can view a list of active sessions. The following information

is listed about each session: Target Device, Owner, Remote Host, Duration, and Type.

General sessions settings

To configure general session settings:

1. From the side navigation bar, select Sessions - General. The General Session Settings screen appears.

2. Select or deselect the Enable Inactivity Timeout checkbox.

3. In the Inactivity Timeout field, enter the amount of inactive time you want to pass before the session

closes (from 1 to 90 minutes).

4. In the Login Timeout field, enter the amount of inactive time you want to pass before you must log in

again (from 21 to 120 seconds).

5. Click Save.

Local user account settings

NOTE: User Account settings are supported when the RAK-key is installed.

The OBWI provides local and login security through administrator-defined user accounts. By selecting User

Accounts on the side navigation bar, administrators may add and delete users, define user preemption, and

access levels, and change passwords.

Access levels

NOTE: Multiple access levels are supported when the RAK-key is installed.

When a user account is added, the user may be assigned to any of the following access levels: Appliance

Administrators, User Administrators and Users.

Allowed Operations by Access Level

OBWI Operation.....39

Operation

Configure Interface System-

level Settings

Configure Access Rights Yes Yes No

Add,Change andDelete

User Accounts

Change Your Own

Password

AccessServer Yes, all Servers Yes,allServers Yes,if allowed

To add a new user account (User Administrator or Appliance Administrator only):

1. From the side navigation bar, select User Accounts - Local User Accounts to open the Local User

Accounts screen.

2. Click the Add button.

3. Enter the name and password of the new user in the blanks provided.

Appliance
Administrator

Yes No No

Yes,for allAccess

Levels

Yes Yes Yes

User Administrator Users

Yes,for Usersand User

Administratorsonly

No

4. Select the access level for the new user.

5. Select any of the available devices that you wish to assign to the user account and click Add.

NOTE: User Administrators and Appliance Administrators can access all devices.

6. Click Save.

To delete a user account (User Administrator or Appliance Administrator only):

1. From the side navigation bar, select User Accounts - Local Accounts to open the Local User Accounts

screen.

2. Click the checkbox to the left of each account that you wish to delete, then click Delete.

To edit a user account (Administrator or active user only):

1. From the side navigation bar, select User Accounts - Local Accounts. The Local User Accounts screen

is displayed.

2. Click the name of the user you wish to edit. The user profile will appear.

3. Fill out the user information on the screen, then click Save.

Virtual media session settings

To set virtual media options:

1. From the side navigation bar, select Sessions - Virtual Media to open the Virtual Media Session Settings

screen.

2. Either enable or disable the Virtual Media locked to KVM Sessions checkbox.

40.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

3. Either enable or disable the Allow Reserved Sessions checkbox.

4. Select one of the following options from the Virtual Media Access Mode from the drop-down menu:

Read-Only or Read-Write.

5. Select one of the Encryption Levels that you wish to be supported.

6. Click Save.

7. Select the checkbox next to each IQ adaptor for which you want to enable virtual media and click Enable

VM.

-or-

Select the checkbox next to each IQ adaptor for which you want to disable virtual media and click

Disable VM.

Virtual media options

You can determine the behavior of the switch during a virtual media session using the options provided in the

Virtual Media Session Settings screen. The following table outlines the options that can be set for virtual

media sessions.

Local users

Local users can determine the behavior of virtual media from the Local Session screen. In addition to

connecting and disconnecting a virtual media session, you can configure the settings that are listed in the

following table.

Local Virtual Media Session Settings

Setting Description

CD ROM/

DVD ROM

MassStorage

Allows virtualmedia sessionsto thefirst detected CD-ROM or DVD-ROM (read-only) drives. Enablethis
checkboxto establisha virtual media CD-ROM or DVD-ROM connectionto adevice. Disableto enda virtual
mediaCD-ROM or DVD-ROM connectionto adevice.

Allows virtualmedia sessionsto thefirst detected mass storage drive. Enable this checkbox to establisha
virtual media mass storage connection toa device.Disable toend avirtualmedia mass storage connection to
a device.

DSView Software Settings

NOTE: DSView Software settings are supported when the RAK-key is installed.

You can contact and register an unmanaged switch with an DSView management software device by

specifying the IP address of the management software device.

To configure the device IP address:

1. On the side navigation bar, select User Accounts - Avocent. The DSView management software

Settings screen is displayed.

2. Enter the device IP addresses that you want to contact. Up to four addresses are allowed.

3. Use the scroll bar to select the desired retry interval.

OBWI Operation.....41

4. To disassociate the switch that has been registered with the device, click the Disassociate button.

5. Click Save.

LDAP

LDAP is a vendor-independent protocol standard used for accessing, querying and updating a directory using

TCP/IP. Based on the X.500 Directory Services model, LDAP is a global directory structure that supports

strong security features including authentication, privacy and integrity.

NOTE: The LDAP feature is only available for the 3108 and 3216 switch models.

If individual user accounts are stored on an LDAP-enabled directory service such as Active Directory, you can

use the directory service to authenticate users. The default values given for the LDAP search and query

parameters are defined for use with Active Directory.

The settings made in the OBWI let you configure your authentication configuration parameters. The software

sends the username, password and other information to the appliance, which then determines whether the

user has permission to view or change configuration parameters for the appliance in the OBWI.

NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, the LDAP default values should be used unless Active Directory has

been reconfigured. Modifying the default values may cause LDAP authentication server communication

errors.

Configuring LDAP in the User Interface

LDAP Overview parameters

On the LDAP Overview page in the OBWI, you can configure the LDAP authentication priority and the

parameters that define LDAP server connection information.

LDAP authentication priority

In the LDAP Priority section of the OBWI, you can disable LDAP, or you can set the authentication priority by

choosing whether local authentication or LDAP authentication should happen first.

To configure LDAP authentication priority parameters:

1. Select Appliance - Appliance Settings - User Accounts - LDAP Accounts - Overview.

2. Select either LDAP Disabled, LDAP before Local or LDAP after Local for the LDAP Priority.

3. Click Save.

LDAP servers

The Address fields specify the host filenames or IP addresses of the primary and secondary LDAP servers.

The secondary LDAP server is optional.

The Port fields specify the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port numbers that communicate with the LDAP

servers. The default value is 389 for non-secure LDAP and 636 for secure LDAP (LDAPS). The default Port ID

is automatically entered by the software when an access type is specified.

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The Access Type radio buttons specify how a query is sent to each LDAP target device. When using LDAP,

all usernames, passwords and other information sent between an appliance and an LDAP server are sent as

non-secure clear text. Use LDAPS for secure encrypted communication between an appliance and an LDAP

server.

To configure LDAP server parameters:

1. Select Appliance - Appliance Settings - User Accounts - LDAP Accounts - Overview.

2. Identify the primary and secondary server address, port and access type in the appropriate fields or radio

buttons.

3. Click Save.

LDAP Search parameters

On the LDAP Search page, you can configure the parameters used when searching for LDAP directory

service users.

Use the Search DN field to define an administrator-level user that the appliance uses to log into the directory

service. Once the appliance is authenticated, the directory service grants it access to the directory to perform

the user authentication queries specified on the LDAP Query page. The default values are cn=Administrator,

cn=Users, dc=yourDomainName and dc=com and may be modified. For example, to define an administrator

Distinguished Name (DN) for test.view.com, enter cn=Administrator, cn=Users, dc=test, dc=view and

dc=com. Each Search DN value must be separated by a comma.

The Search Password field is used to authenticate the administrator or user specified in the Search DN field.

Use the Search Base field to define a starting point from which LDAP searches begin. The modifiable default

values are dc=yourDomainName and dc=com. For example, to define a search base for test.com, type

dc=test then dc=com. Each Search Base value must be separated by a comma.

The UID Mask field specifies the search criteria for User ID searches of LDAP target devices. The format

should be in the form <name>=<%1>. The default value is sAMAccountName=%1, which is correct for use

with Active Directory. This field is required for LDAP searches.

To configure LDAP search parameters:

1. Select Appliance - Appliance Settings - User Accounts - LDAP Accounts - Search.

2. Enter the appropriate information in the Search DN, Search Password, Search Base and UID Mask

fields.

3. Click Save.

NOTE: These options cannot be changed if the LDAP Priority is set to LDAP Disabled on the Overview

screen.

LDAP Query parameters

On the LDAP Query page, you can configure the parameters used when performing user authentication

queries.

The appliance performs two different types of queries. Query Mode (Appliance) is used to authenticate

administrators and users attempting to access the appliance itself. Query Mode (Target Device) is used to

authenticate users that are attempting to access attached target devices. Additionally, each type of query has

OBWI Operation.....43

three modes that utilize certain types of information to determine whether or not an LDAP user has access to

an appliance or connected target devices. See Appliance and Target Device Query Modes on page 44 for

detailed information on each mode.

You can configure the following settings on the LDAP Query Page:

• The Query Mode (Appliance) parameters determine whether or not a user has access to the appliance.

• The Query Mode (Target Device) parameters determine whether or not a user has user access to target

devices connected to an appliance. The user does not have access to the appliance unless granted by

Query Mode (Appliance).

• The Group Container, Group Container Mask and Target Mask fields are only used for group query

modes and are required when performing an appliance or device query.

• The Group Container field specifies the organizational unit (ou) created in Active Directory by the

administrator as the location for group objects.

• Group objects are Active Directory objects that can contain users, computers, contacts and other

groups. Group Container is used when Query Mode is set to Group Attribute. Each group object, in

turn, is assigned members to associate with a particular access level for member objects (people,

appliances and target devices). The access level associated with a group is configured by setting

the value of an attribute in the group object.

• For example, if the Notes property in the group objects list is used to implement the access control

attribute, the Access Control Attribute field on the LDAP Query Page should be set to info. Setting

the Notes property to KVM User Admin causes the members of that group to have user

administration access to the appliances and target devices that are also members of that same

group.

• The Notes property is used to implement the access control attribute. The value of the Notes property,

available in group and user objects shown in Active Directory Users and Computers (ADUC), is stored

internally in the directory, in the value of the info attribute. ADUC is a Microsoft Management Console

snap-in for configuring Active Directory. It is started by selecting Start - Programs - Administrative Tools

- Active Directory Users and Computers. This tool is used to create, configure and delete objects such

as users, computers and groups. See Appliance and Target Device Query Modes on page 44 for more

information.

• The Group Container Mask field defines the object type of the Group Container, which is normally an

organizational unit. The default value is ou=%1.

• The Target Mask field defines a search filter for the target device. The default value is cn=%1.

• The Access Control Attribute field specifies the name of the attribute that is used when the query modes

are set to User Attribute or Group Attribute. The default value is info.

To configure LDAP query parameters:

1. Select Appliance - Appliance Settings - User Accounts - LDAP Accounts - Query.

2. Select either Basic, User Attribute or Group Attribute for the Appliance Query Mode and the Target

Device Query Mode.

3. Enter the appropriate information in the Group Container, Group Container Mask, Target Mask and

Access Control Attribute fields.

4. Click Save.

44.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

NOTE: These options cannot be changed if the LDAP Priority is set to LDAP Disabled on the Overview

screen.

Appliance and Target Device Query Modes

One of three different modes can each be used for Query Mode (Appliance) and Query Mode (Target Device):

• Basic – A username and password query for the user is made to the directory service. If they are

verified, the user is given appliance administrator access to the appliance and any attached target

devices for Query Mode (Appliance), or to any selected target device for Query Mode (Target Device).

• User Attribute – A username, password and Access Control Attribute query for the appliance user is

made to the directory service. The Access Control Attribute is read from the user object (the user

account) in Active Directory.

If the KVM Appliance Admin value is found, the user is given appliance administrator access to the

appliance and any attached target devices for Query Mode (Appliance), or to any selected target device

for Query Mode (Target Device).

If the KVM User Admin value is found, the user is given user administrator access to the appliance and

attached target devices for Query Mode (Appliance), or to any selected target device for Query Mode

(Target Device).

If the KVM User value is found, the user is given user access to the appliance for Query Mode

(Appliance), or to any selected target device for Query Mode (Target Device).

NOTE: If none of the three values are found, the user is given no access to the appliance and target

devices for Query Mode (Appliance) or to any selected target device for Query Mode (Target Device),

unless the user has User Admin or Appliance Admin privileges to the appliance.

You can access the ADUC by selecting Start - Programs - Administrative Tools - Active Directory Users and

Computers.

Active Directory - KVM User

OBWI Operation.....45

• Group Attribute – A username, password and group query is made to the directory service for an

appliance and attached target devices when using Query Mode (Appliance), or for a selected target

device when using Query Mode (Target Device). If a group is found containing the user and the

appliance name, the user is given access to the appliance or attached target devices, depending on the

group contents, when using Query Mode (Appliance). If a group is found containing the user and target

device IDs, the user is given access to the selected target device connected to the appliance when

using Query Mode (Target Device).

Groups can be nested to a maximum of 16 levels in depth. Use nesting to create groups within other

groups. For example, you may have a top-level group named Computers that contains a member named

R&D, which is a group. The R&D group may contain a member named Domestic, which is a group, and

so on.

The following is an example of groups defined in Active Directory.

Active Directory - Define Groups

Setting up Active Directory for Performing Queries

Before you can use any of the querying modes for units, you must first make changes to Active Directory so

that the selected querying mode can assign the applicable authorization level for the user.

To set up group queries:

1. Log into Windows with administrator privileges.

2. Open the Active Directory software.

3. Create an organizational unit to be used as a group container.

4. Create a computer object in Active Directory with a name identical to the switching system name for

querying appliances (specified in the Appliance Overview screen of the OBWI), or identical to the

attached target devices for querying target devices. The name must match exactly, including case.

5. The appliance names and target device names used for group queries are stored in the appliance. The

appliance name specified in the Appliance Overview screen of the OBWI and target device names must

identically match the object names in Active Directory. Each appliance name and target device name

46.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

may be comprised of any combination of upper-case and lower-case letters (a-z, A-Z), digits (0-9) and

hyphens (-). You cannot use spaces and periods (.) or create a name that consists entirely of digits.

These are Active Directory constraints.

NOTE: The factory default name in earlier versions contains a space that must be removed by editing the

switching system name in the Appliance Overview screen of the OBWI.

6. Create one or more groups under the group container organizational unit.

7. Add the usernames and the target device/appliance objects to the groups you created in step 5.

8. Specify the value of any attribute being used to implement the access control attribute. For example, if

you are using info as the attribute in the Access Control Attribute field and using the Notes property in

the group object to implement the access control attribute, the value of the Notes attribute in Active

Directory may be set to one of the three available access levels (KVM User, KVM User Admin or KVM

Appliance Admin) for the group object. The members of the group may then access the appliances and

target devices at the specified access level.

Active Sessions

From the Active Sessions screen, you can view a list of active sessions and the following information about

each session: Target Device, Owner, Remote Host, Duration, and Type.

Closing a Session

To close a session:

1. From the side navigation bar, select Active Sessions to display the Appliance Active Sessions screen.

2. Click the checkbox next to the desired target device(s).

3. Click Disconnect.

NOTE: If there is an associated locked virtual media session, it will be disconnected.

To close a session (local users only):

1. From the side navigation bar, select Local Session.

2. Select the Disconnect Active Session checkbox.

KVM Video Viewer

The following procedure will help you launch a KVM Video Viewer session. For more information about using

the KVM Video Viewer, see the KVM Video Viewer Technical Bulletin.

To open a KVM session:

1. From the side navigation bar of the switch web user interface (UI), click Unit View - Target List.

2. Click the KVM Session link for the target device you wish to view.

3. The KVM Video Viewer launches in a new window.

48.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Terminal Operation

Each switch may be configured at the switch level through the Terminal Console menu interface, which is

accessed through the setup port. All terminal commands are accessed through a terminal screen or a PC

running terminal emulation software.

NOTE: The preferred method is to make all configuration settings in the local UI.

To connect a terminal to the switch:

1. Using a serial adaptor, a terminal or a PC that is running terminal emulation software, such as

HyperTerminal software, to the setup port on the back panel of the switch. The terminal settings are

9600 bits per second (bps), 8 bits, 1 stop bit, no parity and no flow control.

2. Turn on the switch and each target device. When the switch completes initialization, the Console menu

will display the following message: Press any key to continue.

Network Configuration

To configure network settings using the Console menu:

1. When you turn on the switch, it initializes for approximately one minute. After it completes initialization,

press any key on the terminal or on the computer running the terminal emulation software to access the

Console menu interface.

The terminal may be connected at any time, even when the switch is already turned on.

2. Once the Console Main Menu is displayed, type the number corresponding to Network Configuration

and press Enter .

3. Type 1 and press Enter to set your network speed. For best performance, set the switch at the same

speed as the Ethernet switch to which it is attached. Press Enter to return to the Console Network

Configuration menu.

4. Type 2 and press Enter to specify whether you are using a static or DHCP address.

A static IP configuration may be used to provide a user-defined IP address, netmask, or prefix length,

and default gateway for the switch.

DHCP is a protocol that automates the configuration of TCP/IP-enabled computers. When DHCP is

selected, the IP address, netmask or prefix length, and default gateway settings are automatically

assigned to the switch and may not be modified by a switch user.

If you are using the DHCP option, configure your DHCP device to provide an IP address to the switch

and then go to step 6.

5. Select the remaining options from the Network Configuration menu to finish the configuration of your

switch with an IP address, netmask or prefix length, and default gateway.

6. Type 0 (zero) and press Enter to return to the Console Main menu.

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Other Console Main Menu Options

Besides the Network Configuration option, the Console Main Menu of the switch features the following menu

items: Firmware Management, Enable Debug Messages, Set/Change Password, Restore Factory Defaults,

Reset Switch, Set Web Interface Ports, and Exit. Each menu item is discussed in this section.

Firmware management

This menu contains the Flash Download selection. For more information, see Tools - Rebooting and

Upgrading on page 32.

Enable debug messages

This menu option turns on console status messages. Because this can significantly reduce performance, only

enable debug messages when instructed to do so by Technical Support. When you are finished viewing the

messages, press any key to exit this mode.

Set/Change password

This menu option allows enabling and disabling of serial port security, which locks the serial port with a user-

defined password.

Restore factory defaults

This menu option will restore all switch options to the default settings.

Reset appliance

This menu option allows you to execute a soft reset of the appliance.

Set web interface ports

The switch uses ports 80 and 443 for HTTP and HTTPS port numbers, respectively. The user can modify or

specify alternate ports.

NOTE: A reboot of the switch is required to use new port numbers.

Exit

This menu selection will return you to the ready prompt. If the Console menu interface password is enabled,

you must exit the Console Main menu so that the next user will be prompted with the Password login screen.

Appendices

Appendix A: MIB SNMP Traps

The switch has the ability to send audit events to an SNMP Manager. The SNMP traps are defined in an

SNMP Trap MIB.

The Trap MIB file may be uploaded from the switch using the Save Trap MIB function. The uploaded Trap MIB

file may then be loaded into an SNMP Trap Receiver application.

This appendix describes the trap events that may be generated by the switch. Although care has been taken

to keep the information in this appendix up to date, the actual Trap MIB file will contain the most accurate trap

information.

An SNMP manager may access MIB-II objects of the switch using the IPv4 or IPv6 protocols.

By design, the enterprise specific MIB objects within the switch cannot be accessed using SNMP.

The switch trap definitions use the structure described in the following Request For Comments (RFCs).

• RFC-1155-SMI

Describes the common structures and identification scheme for the definition of management

information for use with TCP/IP-based Internet.

• RFC-1212

Describes the format for producing concise and descriptive MIB modules.

• RFC-1213-MIB

Describes the Internet standard MIB-II for use with network management protocols in TCP/IP-based

inter-networks.

• RFC-1215

Describes the SNMP standardized traps and provides a means for defining enterprise-specific traps.

The specific objects reported by each trap are defined in the Trap MIB file which is uploaded from the

switch. The following table is a list of the generated trap events.

Generated Trap Events

Trap Event Trap Number

User AuthenticationFailure 1

User Login 2

User Logout 3

Target SessionStarted 4

Target SessionStopped 5

Target SessionTerminated 6

Traps 7-8 are Unused 7-8

User Added 9

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Trap Event Trap Number

User Deleted 10

User Modified 11

Reboot Started 12

Image FileUpgrade Started 13

Image FileUpgrade Results 14

IQ module Added 15

IQ module Removed 16

Target Device Name Changed 17

Tiered SwitchAdded 18

Tiered SwitchRemoved 19

Tiered SwitchName Changed 20

Configuration File Loaded 21

User Database FileLoaded 22

Traps 23-32are Unused 23-32

User Locked 33

User Unlocked 34

IQ module Upgrade Started 35

IQ module ImageUpgrade Result 36

IQ module Restarted 37

VirtualMediaSession Started 38

VirtualMediaSession Stopped 39

VirtualMediaSession Terminated 40

VirtualMediaSession Reserved 41

VirtualMediaSession Unreserved 42

VirtualMediaSession Mapped 43

VirtualMediaDriveUnmapped 44

Traps 45-75are Unused 45-75

Smart Card Inserted 76

Smart Card Removed 77

Traps 78-79are Unused 78-79

AggregatedTarget DeviceStatusChanged 80

Appendices.....53

Appendix B: Setup Port Pinouts

The switch setup port is an 8-pin modular jack. The setup port pinouts and descriptions are provided in the

following figure and table.

Setup Port Pinouts

Console/Setup Port Pinout Descriptions

Pin Number Description Pin Number Description

1 No Connection 5 TransmitData (TXD)

2 No Connection 6 Signal Ground (SG)

3 No Connection 7 No Connection

4 Receive Data (RXD) 8 No Connection

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Appendix C: Using Serial IQ Modules

The serial IQ module is a serial-to-VGA converter that allows VT100-capable devices to be viewed from the

switch local port, the OBWI, or by using the switch software. All serial data coming from the device is read-

only. The data is displayed in a VT100 window, placed into a video buffer, and sent to the switch as though it

came from a VGA device. Likewise, keystrokes entered on a keyboard are sent to the attached device as

though they were typed on a VT100 terminal.

Serial IQ module modes

The following modes can be accessed from the serial IQ module:

• On-Line: This mode enables you to send and receive serial data.

• Configuration: This mode enables you to specify switch communication parameters, the appearance of

the Terminal Applications menu, and key combinations for specific actions and macros.

• History: This mode enables you to review serial data.

Configuring the serial IQ module

NOTE: The serial IQ module is a DCE device and only supports VT100 terminal emulation.

Pressing Ctrl-F8 will activate the Configuration screen of the IQ module’s Terminal Applications menu, which

enables you to configure your serial IQ module.

NOTE: When any Terminal Applications menu is active, pressing Enter saves changes and returns you to

the previous screen. Pressing Escape returns you to the previous screen without saving changes.

Within the Terminal Applications menu’s Configuration screen, you can modify the following options:

• Baud Rate: This option allows you to specify the serial port communications speed. Available options

are 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19,200, 34,800, 57,600 or 115,200 bps. The default value is 9600.

• Parity: This option allows you to specify the communications parity for the serial port. Available options

are EVEN, ODD or NONE. The default value is NONE.

• Flow Control: This option allows you to specify the type of serial flow control. Available options are

NONE, XOn/XOff (software) and RTS/CTS (hardware). The default value is NONE. If you select a bps

rate of 115,200, the only available flow control is RTS/CTS (hardware).

• Enter Sends: This option enables you to specify the keys that are transmitted when Enter is pressed.

Available options are CR (Enter), which moves the cursor to the left side of the screen, or CR LF (Enter-

Linefeed), which moves the cursor to the left side of the screen and down one line.

• Received: This option enables you to specify how the module translates a received Enter character.

Available options are CR (Enter) or CR LF (Enter-Linefeed).

• Background: This option changes the screen’s background color. The currently selected color displays

in the option line as it is changed. Available colors are Black, Light Grey, Yellow, Green, Teal, Cyan,

Blue, Dark Blue, Purple, Pink, Orange, Red, Maroon and Brown. The default color is Black. This value

cannot be identical to the Normal Text or Bold Text value.

Appendices.....55

• Normal Text: This option changes the screen’s normal text color. The currently selected color displays

in the option line as it is changed. Available colors are Grey, Light Grey, Yellow, Green, Teal, Cyan,

Blue, Dark Blue, Purple, Pink, Orange, Red, Maroon and Brown. The default color is Grey. This value

cannot be identical to the Bold Text or Background value.

• Bold Text: This option changes the screen’s bold text color. The currently selected color displays in the

option line as it is changed. Available colors are White, Yellow, Green, Teal, Cyan, Blue, Dark Blue,

Purple, Pink, Orange, Red, Maroon, Brown and Light Grey. The default color is White. This value cannot

be identical to the Normal Text or Background value.

• Screen Size: This option allows you to specify the screen’s text width size. Available values are widths

of 80 columns or 132 columns. The length for both widths is 26 lines.

The following options for the Terminal Application menu’s Configuration screen enable you to define the

function keys that will perform a selected action. To specify a new function key, press and hold the Ctrl key,

then press the function key that you want to associate with the action. For example, if you want to change the

Configuration (Config) Key Sequences option from Ctrl-F8 to Ctrl-F7 , press and hold the Ctrl key and then

press F7 .

• Config Key Sequences: This option allows you to define the key combination that makes the Terminal

Application menu’s Configuration screen appear. The default key sequence is Ctrl-F8 .

• On-Line Key Sequence: This option allows you to define the key sequence that displays the On-Line

mode. The default key sequence is Ctrl-F10 .

• Help Key Sequence: This option allows you to define the key combination that displays the Help

System screen. The default key sequence is Ctrl-F11.

• History Key Sequence: This option allows you to define the key combination that enables History mode.

The default key sequence is Ctrl-F9.

• Clear History Key Sequence: This option allows you to define the key combination that clears the

history buffer while in History mode. The default key sequence is Ctrl-F11.

• Break Key Sequence: This option allows you to configure the key combination that generates a break

condition. The default key sequence is Alt-B.

To configure a serial IQ module:

1. Press Ctrl-F8 . The Configuration Screen will appear.

2. Select a parameter to change. You can navigate the Configuration Screen using the Up Arrow and

Down Arrow keys.

3. Modify the selected value using the Left Arrow and Right Arrow keys.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 to modify additional values.

5. Press Enter to save your changes and exit the Configuration Screen.

-or-

Press Escape to exit the Configuration Screen without saving the changes.

Creating a serial IQ module macro

Pressing the Page Down key when the Terminal Applications menu’s Configuration screen is displayed will

provide access to the Macro Configuration screen. The serial IQ module can be configured with up to 10

56.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

macros. Each macro can be up to 128 characters in length.

To create a macro:

1. Select the serial IQ module you wish to configure and press Ctrl-F8 to activate the Terminal

Applications menu’s Configuration screen.

2. When the Terminal Applications menu appears, press Page Down to view the Macro Configuration

screen. The Macro Configuration screen shows the 10 available macros and the associated key

sequences, if any, for each.

3. Using the Up Arrow and Down Arrow keys, scroll to an available macro number and highlight the listed

keystroke sequence. Type the new macro keystroke sequence over the default. Any combination of Ctrl

or Alt and a single key may be used. When you have finished entering the keystroke sequence that will

activate the new macro, press the Down Arrow key.

4. On the line below the macro keystroke sequence you just entered, type the keystroke sequence that you

wish the macro to perform.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to configure additional macros.

6. When finished, press Enter to return to the previous screen.

Using history mode

History mode allows you to examine the contents of the history buffer, which contains the events that have

occurred.

The serial IQ module maintains a buffer containing 240 lines minimum, or 10 screens, of output. When the

history buffer is full, it will add new lines at the bottom of the buffer and delete the oldest lines at the top of the

buffer.

NOTE: The Config Key Sequence, On-Line Key Sequence and Clear History Key Sequence used in the

following procedure are the default values. These key combinations can be changed using the Terminal

Applications menu.

To use History mode:

1. Press Ctrl-F9 . The mode will display as History.

2. Press one of the following key combinations to perform the indicated action:

• Home: Move to the top of the buffer.

• End: Move to the bottom of the buffer.

• Page Up: Move up one buffer page.

• Page Down: Move down one buffer page.

• Up Arrow: Move up one buffer line.

• Down Arrow: Move down one buffer line.

• Ctrl-F8 : Enters Configuration mode. The Configuration screen will appear.

• Ctrl-F9 : While in Configuration mode, returns to the previous screen with History mode enabled.

• Ctrl-F10 : While in Configuration mode, returns to the previous screen with On-Line mode enabled.

Appendices.....57

• Ctrl-F11 : Clears the history buffer. If you choose this option, a warning screen will appear. Press

Enter to delete the history buffer or Escape to cancel the action. The previous screen will

reappear.

3. When finished, press Ctrl-F10 to exit History mode and return to On-Line mode.

58.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Serial IQ module pinouts

The following table lists the pinouts for the serial IQ module.

Serial IQ Module Pinouts

DB9-F Pin Host Signal Name Description Signal Flow SRL Signal Name Description

1 DCD - DataCarrier Detect Out of SRL DTR - DataTerminalReady

2 RXD - ReceiveData Out of SRL TXD - Transmit Data

3 TXD - Transmit Data In toSRL RXD - ReceiveData

4 DTR - Data TerminalReady In to SRL DSR - DataSet Ready

5 GND - Signal Ground N/A GND - Signal Ground

6 DSR - Data Set Ready Out ofSRL DTR - DataTerminalReady

7 RTS - Request to Send In toSRL CTS - Clear toSend

8 CTS - Clear to Send Out ofSRL RTS - Requestto Send

9 N/C - NotConnected N/A N/C - Not Connected

Appendices.....59

Appendix D: Sun Advanced Key Emulation

Certain keys on a standard Type 5 (US) Sun keyboard can be emulated by key press sequences on the local

port USB keyboard. To enable Sun Advanced Key Emulation mode and use these keys, press and hold

Ctrl+Shift+Alt and then press the Scroll Lock key. The Scroll Lock LED blinks. Use the indicated keys in

the following table as you would use the advanced keys on a Sun keyboard. For example: For Stop+A , press

and hold Ctrl+Shift+Alt and press Scroll Lock , then F1+A .

These key combinations will work with the USB, USB2, and VMC IQ modules and Avocent USB, USB2, and

VMC IQ modules. With the exception of F12 , these key combinations are not recognized by Microsoft

Windows. Using F12 performs a Windows key press. When finished, press and hold Ctrl+Shift+Alt and then

press the Scroll Lock key to toggle Sun Advanced Key Emulation mode off.

Sun Key Emulation

Compose Application(1)

Compose keypad

Power F11

Open F7

Help Num Lock

Props F3

Front F5

Stop F1

Again F2

Undo F4

Cut F10

Copy F6

Paste F8

Find F9

Mute keypad /

Vol.+ keypad +

Vol.- keypad -

Command (left)(2) F12

Command (left)(2) Win(GUI) left(1)

Command (right)(2) Win (GUI) right(1)

ENDNOTES:

(1) Windows 95 104-key keyboard.

(2) The Command key is the Sun Meta (diamond) key.

60.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Appendix E: UTP Cabling

This appendix discusses various aspects of connection media. The switch system utilizes UTP cabling. The

performance of the system depends on high quality connections. Poor quality or poorly installed or maintained

cabling can diminish switch system performance.

NOTE: This appendix is for information purposes only. Please consult with your local code officials and/or

cabling consultants prior to any installation.

UTP copper cabling

The following are basic definitions for the three types of UTP cabling that the switch supports.

• CAT 5 (4-pair) high performance cable consists of twisted pair conductors, used primarily for data

transmission. The twisting of the pairs gives this cable some immunity from the infiltration of unwanted

interference. CAT 5 cable is generally used for networks running at 10 or 100 Mbps.

• CAT 5E (enhanced) cable has the same characteristics as CAT 5, but is manufactured to somewhat

more stringent standards.

• CAT 6 cable is manufactured to tighter requirements than CAT 5E cable. CAT 6 has higher measured

frequency ranges and significantly better performance requirements than CAT 5E cable at the same

frequencies.

Wiring standards

There are two supported wiring standards for 8-conductor (4-pair) RJ-45 terminated UTP cable: EIA/TIA 568A

and B. These standards apply to installations utilizing UTP cable specifications. The switch system supports

either of these wiring standards. The following table describes the standards for each pin.

UTP wiring standards

Pin EIA/TIA 568A EIA/TIA 568B

1 white/green white/orange

2 green orange

3 white/orange white/green

4 blue blue

5 white/blue white/blue

6 orange green

7 white/brown white/brown

8 brown brown

Appendices.....61

Cabling installation, maintenance and safety tips

The following is a list of important safety considerations that should be reviewed prior to installing or

maintaining your cables:

• Keep all UTP runs to a maximum of 30 meters each.

• Maintain the twists of the pairs all the way to the point of termination, or no more than one-half inch

untwisted. Do not skin off more than one inch of the jacket while terminating.

• If bending the cable is necessary, make it gradual with no bend sharper than a one inch radius. Allowing

the cable to be sharply bent or kinked can permanently damage the cable’s interior.

• Dress the cables neatly with cable ties, using low to moderate pressure. Do not over tighten the ties.

• Cross-connect cables where necessary, using rated punch blocks, patch panels, and components. Do

not splice or bridge the cable at any point.

• Keep the UTP cable as far away as possible from potential sources of EMI, such as electrical cables,

transformers, and light fixtures. Do not tie the cables to electrical conduits or lay the cables on electrical

fixtures.

• Always test every installed segment with a cable tester. Toning alone is not an acceptable test.

• Always install jacks so as to prevent dust and other contaminants from settling on the contacts. The

contacts of the jack should face up on the flush mounted plates, or left/right/down on surface mount

boxes.

• Always leave extra slack on the cables, neatly coiled in the ceiling or nearest concealed location. Leave

at least five feet at the work outlet side and 15 feet at the patch panel side.

• Choose either 568A or 568B wiring standard before beginning. Wire all jacks and patch panels for the

same wiring scheme. Do not mix 568A and 568B wiring in the same installation.

• Always obey all local and national fire and building codes. Be sure to firestop all the cables that

penetrate a firewall. Use plenum-rated cable where it is required.

62.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Appendix F: Technical Specifications

AutoView Switch Technical Specifications

Category Value

Number ofPorts

Type Avocent PS/2, PS2M, USB,Sun, USB2 andVMC modules.

Connectors 8-pin modular (RJ-45).

SyncTypes Separatehorizontaland vertical.

Input Video Resolution

Target Resolutions

AutoView 2108/3108: 8 AHI/ARI.
AutoView 2216/3216: 16 AHI/ARI.

Standard
640 x 480@ 60 Hz.
800 x 600@ 75 Hz.
960 x 700@ 75 Hz.
1024 x 768@ 75 Hz.
1280 x 1024@ 75Hz.
1600 x 1200@ 60Hz.
Widescreen
800 x 500@ 60 Hz.
1024 x 640@ 60 Hz.
1280 x 800@ 60 Hz.
1440 x 900@ 60 Hz.
1680 x 1050@ 60Hz.

Standard
1024 x 768@ 60 Hz (preferred).
1280 x 1024@ 60Hz (preferred).
1600 x 1200@ 60Hz (preferred).
Widescreen
1280 x 800@ 60 Hz (preferred).
1680 x 1050@ 60Hz (preferred).

Supported Cabling 4-pairUTP, 30 meters maximumlength.

Dimensions

Form Factor 1U or 0Urackmount.

Dimensions

Weight (withoutcables) AutoView2108/3108: 5.98 lb (2.71 kg); AutoView 2216/3216: 6.16 lb(2.79 kg).

SetupPort

Number 1.

Protocol RS-232 serial.

Connector 8-pin modular (RJ-45).

LocalPort

1.70x 17.00x 9.42inches.
(4.32 x 43.18x 23.93 cm).

Category Value

Appendices.....63

8 Port

Number/Type

1 VGA - HDD15.

4 USB.

Network Connection

Number 2.

Protocol 10/100 Ethernet.

Connector 8-pin modular (RJ-45).

USBPort

Number 4.

Protocol USB2.0.

Power Specifications

Connectors

AutoView 2108/3108: 1 IEC C14.
AutoView 2216/3216: 2 IEC C14.

Type Internal.

Power 18W.

Heat Dissipation 47 BTU/hr.

16 Port

2 VGA - HDD15.

8 USB.

AC Input Range 100- 240 VAC.

AC Frequency 50/60 Hz auto-sensing.

AC Input Current Rating 0.6A.

AC Input Power (Maximum) 20W.

Ambient AtmosphericCondition Ratings

Temperature

Operating: 32to 122degrees Fahrenheit (0 to50 degreesCelsius).

Non-operating: -4 to158 degreesFahrenheit (-20 to70 degreesCelsius).

Operating: 20%to 80% relativehumidity (RH), non-condensing.

Humidity

Non-operating: 5% to 95% relative humidity (RH), 38.7degrees Celsiusmaximum wet bulb

temperature.

Safetyand EMC certificationsfor thisproductare obtainedunder oneor more ofthe following

Safetyand EMC Approvals

designations: CMN(CertificationModel Number), MPN(Manufacturer’s Part Number), or Sales
LevelModel designation. Thedesignation that isreferenced in the EMCand/or safety reports and
certificatesare printedon thelabelappliedto thisproduct.

64.....Avocent® AutoView™ 2108/2216/3108/3216 Switch Installer/User Guide

Technical Support Site

If you encounter any installation or operational issues with your product, check the pertinent section of this

manual to see if the issue can be resolved by following outlined procedures. For additional assistance, visit

www.avocent.com/support.

Avocent Community Support Site

To search product knowledge content,

visit community.emerson.com/networkpower/support/avocent.

About Emerson Network Power

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