Eicon Networks DIVA T-A ISDN Modem User Manual
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem
Reference Guide
Eight Edition (July 1999) 206-193-08
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem is a trademark of Eicon Technology Corporation.
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Contents
What is ISDN? ......................................................................................................................... 4
ISDN Communication Channels ............................................................................................................... 6
Connecting to ISDN - BRI and PRI ............................................................................................................ 8
What is Multilink PPP? .................................................................................................................................. 9
What is BACP/BOD? .....................................................................................................................................10
What is DBA? .................................................................................................................................................11
What is Always On / Dynamic ISDN (AO/DI)? .................................................................................... 12
What is Data Compression? .....................................................................................................................13
Locating AT Commands ....................................................................................................... 14
AT Command Groups ........................................................................................................... 16
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands ................................................................. 17
General AT Commands ........................................................................................................ 29
ISDN Configuration Commands ......................................................................................... 31
COM Port Configuration Commands .................................................................................. 36
Call Control Commands ....................................................................................................... 39
V.120 Configuration Commands ........................................................................................ 42
V.110 Configuration Commands ........................................................................................ 44
Profile Commands ...............................................................................................................45
Multilink PPP Commands .................................................................................................... 46
Endpoint Discriminator Class/Address ................................................................................................48
Always On / Dynamic ISDN AT Commands .........................................................................49
Utility Commands ................................................................................................................ 54
S-Register Commands ......................................................................................................... 57
Analog Device Commands .................................................................................................. 59
Mini-monitor Commands .................................................................................................... 62
AT Command Result Codes ................................................................................................. 63
What is ISDN?
While you've heard of ISDN, there's a good chance you're unsure whether you need it - or
even what, exactly, it is. Even though ISDN is globally available, it's so new that
understanding it may require a little investigation.
In simple terms, ISDN is a replacement for plain old telephone service, which was never
designed to meet the needs of the information age. ISDN uses the same wiring that currently
serves homes and businesses. You get ISDN service from the same companies who provide
telephone service, and you use it to connect telephones, computers, and fax machines. The
difference is that you get much faster, much more dependable connections for voice, data,
fax, and even video - all through a single line.
International ISDN standards were established about 10 years ago. Since then, telephone
companies throughout the world have raced to upgrade their equipment to ISDN standards.
As ISDN service availability has spread, many millions of computer users have turned to ISDN,
and new users are coming on board even faster.
ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network
“Integrated Services” refers to ISDN’s ability to deliver two simultaneous connections, in any
combination of data, voice, video, and fax, over a single line. Multiple devices can be
attached to the line, and used as needed. That means an ISDN line can take care of most
people's complete communications needs, without forcing the purchase of multiple analog
phone lines at a much higher transmission rate.
The “Digital” in ISDN refers to its purely digital transmission, as opposed to the analog
transmission of plain old telephone service. If you're using a modem for Internet access at
this moment, your Internet service provider's modem has converted this site's digital content
to analog signals before sending it to you, and your modem converts those signals back to
digital when receiving (the same thing happens with every keystroke and mouse click you
transmit). When you connect with ISDN, there is no analog conversion. ISDN transmits data
digitally, resulting in a very clear transmission quality. There is none of the static and noise of
analog transmissions that can slow transmission speed.
“Network” refers to the fact that ISDN is not simply a point-to-point solution like a leased line.
ISDN networks extend from the local telephone exchange to the remote user and include all
of the telecommunications and switching equipment in between. When you have ISDN, you
can make connections throughout the world to other ISDN equipment. If your ISDN
equipment includes analog capabilities, you can also connect to analog modems, fax
machines, and telephones, even though they may be connected to plain old telephone
service.
Benefits
While ISDN accommodates telephones and fax machines, its most popular advantage is in
computer applications. You can plug an ISDN adapter into a phone jack, like you would an
analog modem, and get a much faster connection with no “line noise.” The most common
ISDN service, Basic Rate Interface (BRI), provides two 64 Kbps channels per line. When the
two channels are bonded in a single connection, you get a speed of 128 Kbps, which is about
four times the actual top speed of the fastest analog modems. Compression can increase
throughput to around 250 Kbps.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 4
What is ISDN?
Telecommuters, for example, benefit immensely from ISDN. Whether you access the
corporate LAN in the evenings or maintain a full-time, remote home office, ISDN is the next
best thing to being there. E-mail, database access, and file transfers improve dramatically,
making it seem like you're locally attached to the LAN.
Internet access is another great application for ISDN. Compared with even the fastest modem
access, ISDN makes Web graphics appear almost immediately, and can reduce download
times by over 75%. ISDN can even provide advantages over shared, higher-bandwidth office
connections; PC Magazine advises that an ISDN connection can deliver better performance
than a T1 shared among users on a LAN. And in many markets, it's actually cheaper than an
isolated analog business line.
Such large-scale file transfer applications as medical imaging, insurance and law enforcement
imaging, and the preparation of printed materials are additional arenas where ISDN proves
highly beneficial. With the dramatic reduction in file transfer time, ISDN makes even
multi-megabyte files available to recipients within minutes, not hours.
Videoconferencing is an emerging ISDN application that's growing fast in popularity and
ISDN is currently the only practical way of making it happen.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 5
ISDN Communication Channels
In the ISDN interface, a number of communication channels are carried over a digital line.
These communication channels can vary by the type of information they transmit and by the
transmission speed they support. The number and type of channels used may vary.
The communication channels can be of the following types:
B-Channel - 64 Kbps
•
D-Channel - 16 or 64 Kbps
•
H-Channel - 384, 1536, or 1920 Kbps (not yet commercially available)
•
Different combinations of these channels are used to support different types of usage (e.g.,
basic, primary and broadband).
B-Channel
The B-channel is a user (bearer) channel that carries a subscriber's digital traffic (e.g. digitized
video, voice, audio, or digital data, or perhaps a mixture). The bandwidth of this channel is 64
Kbps. The control signals used to set up the connection, however, are not sent over the
B-channel. The call establishment is done on the D-channel using common-channel
signaling. This concept will be discussed shortly.
Two kinds of connections can be established over a B-channel:
What is ISDN?
Circuit-Switched
•
Packet-Switched
•
Circuit-switched connections are ideal for voice traffic for several reasons. Voice data is
“delay-sensitive,” meaning that it must not be delayed, and that it must be received in the
order in which it was transmitted. There is a call set-up time that is characteristic of
circuit-switched connections. This time lag is quite acceptable when measured against the
length of a typical telephone call.
In a packet-switched data network or PSDN, data to be transmitted is broken up into
individual units called packets that are then routed from sender to receiver. The
sender/receiver can be any type of terminal, printer, computer or other device that supports
an interface to the network.
D-Channel
The primary function of the D-channel is to carry common-channel signaling information to
manage and control circuit-switched calls on B-channels.
The D-channel can also be used for packet-switching or low-speed telemetry when it is not
involved in control signaling. Message signaling takes priority over data packet-switching.
The D-channel functions at 16 Kbps for Basic Rate Interface or 64 Kbps for Primary Rate
Interface. The speed is dependent on the end-user's interface.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 6
What is ISDN?
H-Channel
The H-channel is used for high-speed user data traffic at bit rates higher than 64Kbps.
Examples of services which require these higher rates are fast facsimile, teleconferencing,
and video. An H-channel user can subdivide the channel using TDM to meet specific
requirements.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 7
Connecting to ISDN - BRI and PRI
There are two types of access interfaces to the ISDN: Basic Rate Access (also referred to as
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)) and Primary Rate Access (also referred to as Primary Rate Interface
(PRI)).
Basic Rate Access
Basic Rate Interface or Access consists of two B-channels operating at 64 Kbps and one
D-channel operating at 16 Kbps. It is also commonly referred to as 2B+D.
Primary Rate Access
The primary rate interface is designed for users with large capacity requirements.
There is no single transmission rate defined for primary rate access. In North America and
Japan, for example, primary rate interface is based upon the T1 rate (defined in detail shortly)
of 1.544 Mbps. In Europe, by comparison, the rate is 2.048 Mbps.
What is ISDN?
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 8
What is Multilink PPP?
Multilink PPP combines two 64 Kbps ISDN channels to provide a maximum transmission
speed of 128 Kbps. The DIVAT/A serves as an intermediary between its host workstation and
the remote device to which data is being transmitted. All the protocol processing required
for the negotiation of a Multilink PPP connection is performed on the DIVAT/A itself. The PC
forwards asynchronous PPP packets to the DIVAT/A which, in turn, converts the packets for
synchronous transmission and negotiates the various authentications required to establish
the Multilink PPP connection with the target system over ISDN lines. This allows for the more
efficient use of the ISDN line without requiring any changes to the PPP stack currently loaded
on your PC.
DIVA T/A supports COM port rates of up to 230.4 kbps. However, some computer COM ports
are limited to 115.2 kbps. If you want to use your DIV AT/A at its maximum speed, install a
“fast COM port” card (UART 16650 based).
What is ISDN?
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 9
What is BACP/BOD?
DIVA T/A supports the Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and Bandwidth on
Demand (BOD). BACP/BOD refers to the ability of a system to allocate and remove links in a
multilink connection in order to lower or increase its bandwidth.
BACP/BOD monitors the flow of traffic across your ISDN connection. When the traffic on the
first B-channel reaches a threshold level for a defined period of time (either because of
deteriorating line conditions or increased traffic), the second B-channel is automatically
added. The second B-channel is kept active as long as traffic remains above the threshold
level. When the traffic drops below the threshold level, the second B-channel is dropped.
When used in conjunction with AO/DI, the D channel flow of data is evaluated and compared
to the threshold in order to add or remove the first B channel.
Since BACP/BOD automatically adds and drops the second B-channel in response to traffic
peaks and declines, the process is completely transparent.
BACP/BOD is an excellent way to reduce communications charges in situations where your
demand for ISDN bandwidth fluctuates.
What is ISDN?
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 10
What is DBA?
DIVAT/A also supports Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA), known also as Call Bumping.
DBA automatically drops one B-channel to allow an incoming or outgoing telephone, fax or
modem call. When the voice call is over, DBA automatically re-establishes the multilink
session by reconnecting the second B-channel, if the throughput requires it. It is
recommended that you use DBA with BACP/BOD so that you can have greater flexibility
when using the DIVAT/A.
Note:
channel that has been bumped.
If an analog device is used on the server side of the connection, DBA will not restore a
What is ISDN?
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 11
What is Always On / Dynamic ISDN (AO/DI)?
AO/DI is only available if you have subscribed to it, your ISDN service provider supports it,
and you are using Multilink PPP. AO/DI uses the ISDN D-channel X-25 packet service to
maintain an “always on” connection between you and your Service Provider. Low bandwidth
requirements can be met using this constant connection, such as sending and receiving
e-mail, credit card verification, etc.
If additional bandwidth is required (to download a large file, for example), AO/DI, in
conjunction with Bandwidth on Demand (BOD), automatically adds B-channels of 64 Kbps
each, for a total of 128 Kbps when both B-channels are in use. When the additional
bandwidth is no longer required, one or both B-channels are dropped, leaving the D-channel
connection in place.
AO/DI enhances ISDN use in a number of ways:
AO/DI can quickly and automatically adjust to the voice and data needs of end-users. For
•
example, if both B-channels are bonded in a data connection, and an incoming call is
received, one of the B-channels is automatically freed up for the telephone call. If a fax
call also comes in, the remaining B-channel may be allocated to the fax call. The data
connection continues on the D-channel until a B-channel is available, if needed.
As B-channels are invoked only when additional bandwidth is needed, connection costs
•
are significantly reduced.
What is ISDN?
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 12
What is Data Compression?
To establish communications over a PPP link, each end of the connection must first send
packets to configure and test the data link. After the link has been established, optional
facilities may be negotiated as needed. One such facility is data compression. A wide variety
of compression methods may be negotiated, although typically only one method is used for
both directions of the link.
Data compression is a process where the effective throughput is increased by encoding data
in such a way that fewer bits are required to represent it. For example, a text file might be
compressed by representing common words with single characters; thus if the word “the” is
represented by the character “@”, it will be transmitted three times faster. Popular
compression algorithms typically reduce the size of the data by 50%, effectively doubling the
rate at which it is transmitted.
The Compression Control Protocol (CCP) works with MLPPP and is responsible for
configuring, enabling, and disabling data compression algorithms on both ends of the
point-to-point link. PC Compression negotiation takes precedence over the DIVAT/A
negotiation for performance considerations (for example, the PC compression may reduce
the number of bytes that go through the serial interface, the PC has the quicker CPU, etc.).
The DIVAT/A compression negotiation, however, will assume control should no compression
be detected or the initial negotiation fail. No user configuration is required to enable the
DIVA T/A's compression functionality. Compression algorithms currently supported by the
DIVA T/A include Stacker LZS (Hi/fn), MPPC (Microsoft), and Ascend.
What is ISDN?
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 13
Locating AT Commands
To make it easier for you to locate a command, this guide has organized commands in two
ways.
A list of
•
An
•
AT Command Syntax Conventions
When issuing AT commands, you must abide by the following syntax conventions:
A command line consists of a prefix, body, and terminator. Each command line must
•
begin with “AT” (except A/).
AT commands must be terminated by a carriage return (except A/).
•
Commands entered in upper or lower case are accepted (except mini-monitor
•
commands, which must be entered only in lower case).
The body is a string of commands restricted to printable ASCII characters (032 - 126).
•
Space (ASCII 032) and control characters other than CR (ASCII 013) and BS (ASCII 010) in
•
the command string are ignored.
A command line may be aborted at any time by entering <Ctrl-X> (ASCII 024).
•
Carriage returns are programmable through register S3.
•
The default terminator is the ASCII <CR> character. Characters that precede the AT prefix
•
are ignored.
The DIVA T/A recognizes the backspace character. When echo is enabled, a backspace or
•
delete is echoed as a backspace character followed by a space character, and another
backspace. The code for the backspace character is programmable through register S5.
Values equal to 0, greater than 32, or the carriage return character value, cannot be used
for the backspace character.
AT Commands grouped into categories
alphabetical list of commands
is available on page 17.
can be found on page 16.
The AT sequence may be followed by any command sequence, except for the following:
•
ATZ, ATD, ATA, AT @ME NU, AT > H, AT >VC, AT > V D, AT> V T, an d AT >Z . C o mman ds f o l l owin g
these are ignored.
Execution of commands ATD and ATA, either as a result of a direct command or a
•
re-execute command, will be aborted if another character is entered before completion
of the handshake.
The maximum number of characters on any command line is 80 (including “A” and “T”).
•
If a syntax error is found in a command, the remainder of the line will be ignored and an
•
ERROR code will be returned.
Missing decimal parameters (n) are assumed as 0.
•
Most commands entered with parameters out of range will not be accepted and the
•
ERROR response will be returned to the DTE.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 14
Locating AT Commands
The next command will only be accepted by the DIVA T/A once the previous command
•
has been fully executed.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 15
AT Command Groups
The AT commands in this guide are grouped according to their functions. For an alphabetical
list of all commands, see page 17
.
General AT Commands
ISDN Configuration Commands
COM Port Configuration Commands
Call Control Commands
V.120 Configuration Commands
V.110 Configuration Commands
Profile Commands
Multilink PPP Commands
Always On / Dynamic ISDN AT Commands
Utility Commands
S-Register Commands
Analog Device Commands
Mini-monitor Commands
AT Command Result Codes
................................................... 29
.................................. 31
......................... 36
.................................................. 39
................................. 42
................................. 44
............................................................ 45
............................................... 46
............................................................. 54
..................................................... 57
............................................ 59
.............................................. 62
........................................... 63
.............49
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 16
Alphabetical List of Supported
AT Commands
The following tables summarize, in alphabetical order, the AT Commands supported by the
DIVA T/A. Go to the specified page number for more information on a particular command.
AT! Co m ma nds
AT% Co m man d s
AT& Commands
AT* Commands
AT> Commands
AT@ Commands
Other AT Commands
S-Registers
AT$ (Utility) Commands
Mini-monitor Commands
Note:
Changes made to static parameters do not take effect immediately (as opposed to “dynamic”
parameters, where changes take effect the moment they are made). To implement a change
to a static parameter, use the AT&Wn command; the changes will be implemented when you
restart your system.
A list of command groups can be found on page 16
Command descriptions preceded by the word “static” indicates a static parameter.
................................................................... 18
................................................................ 20
................................................................. 21
.................................................................. 22
................................................................. 23
................................................................. 24
....................................................... 25
........................................................................... 26
.................................................. 27
.............................................. 28
.
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 17
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands
AT! Commands
AT !A n Directory Number/Port Assignment (static) 31
AT !C 1= n ISDN Switch Type (static) 32
AT !C 4= n Enable/Disable Non-initializing mode for primary B-channel (North America
only) (static)
32
AT !C 5= n Enable/Disable Non-initializing mode for second B-channel (North America
only) (static)
AT !C 6= n ISDN SPID Number for primary B-channel (North America only) (static) 32
AT !C 7= n ISDN SPID Number for second B-channel (North America only) (static) 32
AT !D 1 =n Specify Default DTE Speed. 32
AT !D 2 =n Specify Default Databits length 32
AT !D 3 =n Specify Default Parity 33
AT !D 4 =n Specify Default Number of Stopbits. 33
AT !E 0 =n V.120 N201 Tx (Maximum Transmit Frame Size) 42
AT !E 1 =n V.120 N201 Rx (Maximum Receive Frame Size) 42
AT !E 2 =n V.120 Multiframe Mode 42
AT !E 3 =n V.120 K Window Size 42
AT !E 4 =n V.120 T200 (Retransmission Timer) 42
AT !E 5 =n V.120 N200 (Maximum Retry Count) 43
AT !E 6 =n V.120 T203 (Link Integrity Timer) 43
AT !E 7 =n V.120 Idle Timer 43
AT !L n Set ISDN Encoding Law 33
AT !N 1= n ISDN Directory Number Assignments for 1st B-channel and 1st Phone port
(static)
32
33
AT !N 2= n ISDN Directory Number Assignments for 2nd B-channel and 2nd Phone port
(static)
AT !N 3= n ISDN Subaddress for 1st B-channel (static) 34
AT !N 4= n ISDN Subaddress for 2nd B-channel (static) 34
AT !N 5= n ISDN Directory Number for Data Ports (International only) (static) 34
AT !N 6= n ISDN Subaddress for Data Ports (International only) (static) 34
AT !O n Outgoing Call Type 35
AT !T 1 =n Incoming Call Assignment, First Directory Number 39
AT !T 2 =n Incoming Call Assignment, Second Directory Number 39
AT !V 0= n V.110 Configuration Override (International version only) 44
AT !V 1= n V.110 Stream Rate (International version only) 44
AT !V 2= n V.110 Character Length (International version only) 44
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 18
34
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands
AT !V 3= n
V.110 Parity (International version only) 44
AT !V 4= n V.110 Stop Bits (International version only) 44
AT !V 5= n V.110 Flow Control (International version only) 44
AT !X 1 =n Specifies the X.25 version you are using. 49
AT !X 2 =n Specifies the X.25 DTE address. 49
AT !X 3 =n Specifies the X.25 facilities that are to be included each time a call is made. 49
AT !X 4 =n Specifies the local ISDN prefixes to be used. 49
AT !X 5 =n Specifies the X.25 default window size. 49
AT !X 6 =n Specifies the X.25 maximum window size 50
AT !X 7 =n Specifies the X.25 default packet size 50
AT !X 8 =n Specifies the X.25 maximum packet size 50
AT !X 9 =n Specifies the Terminal Endpoint Identifier used for X.25 over the D-channel. 50
AT !X 1 0= n Specifies the delay before opening 1st B-channel 50
AT !X 1 1= n Specifies the 1st B-channel Opening Threshold 50
AT !X 1 2= n Specifies the 1st B-channel Closing Threshold 50
AT !X 1 3= n With BACP disabled, specifies the 2nd B-channel Retry Delay. 47
AT !X 1 3= n With BACP enabled, specifies the delay before opening 2nd B-channel. 51
AT !X 1 4= n Specifies the 2nd B-channel Opening Threshold 51
AT !X 1 5= n Specifies the 2nd B-channel Closing Threshold 51
AT !X 1 6= n Strips the area code from phone numbers. 51
AT !X 1 7= n Specifies the X.25 transmit queue threshold. 51
AT !X 1 8 Set Normal Mode for Bandwidth on Demand. 52
AT !X 1 9 Set Economy Mode for Bandwidth on Demand. 52
AT !X 2 0 Set Performance Mode for Bandwidth on Demand. 52
AT !X 2 1= n Specifies the Lowest Logical Connection Number. 52
AT !X 2 2= n Specifies whether the AO/DI feature is enabled or disabled. 52
AT !X 2 5= n Specifies how many Logical Connection Numbers (LCN) are used. 53
AT !X 2 6= n Specifies the contents of the user data field in the X.25 Call Request packet. 53
AT !X 5 6= n Delay between 64K data call failure and 56K data call attempt. 35
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 19
Alphabetical List of Supported AT Commands
AT% Co m m a n ds
AT %A 2 =n Protocol Control (static) 40
AT %A 4 =n ISDN Communication Speed 40
AT%A95=c Incoming Data Call Answer 40
AT %M 1 =n Local Endpoint Discriminator Class 46
AT %M 2 =n Remote Endpoint Discriminator Class 46
AT %M 3 =n Local Endpoint Discriminator Address 46
AT %M 4 =n Remote Endpoint Discriminator Address 46
AT %P 5 =n Enable Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol / Bandwidth on Demand 46
AT %P 6 =n Set Initial Billing Interval Timer 46
AT %P 7 =n Set Billing Interval Timer 46
AT %P 8 =n Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation 47
AT %P 9 =n Second B-channel Connection Retries 47
AT %P 1 0= n Enable/disable PPP Echo-Requests 47
DIVA T/A ISDN Modem Reference Guide ◆ Page 20
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