ECS P6BAP-Me User Manual

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction ..............................................1

Welcome .......................................................................1

About the Manual..........................................................2

Checklist........................................................................3

Standard Items-------------------------------------------------3

Optional Items--------------------------------------------------3

Recommendations ........................................................3

Features........................................................................4

Chapter 2: Installation ................................................7

Quick Installation Table.................................................7

Quick Jumper Setting Reference..................................8

Before You Begin..........................................................10

Static Electricity------------------------------------------------10

Choosing a Case ----------------------------------------------11

How to Set Jumpers ------------------------------------------11

Preparing the Mainboard...............................................13

Mainboard Guide----------------------------------------------13

I/O Ports Side View------------------------------------------- 15

Check the Jumper Settings ---------------------------------15

Install the Mainboard in the Case-------------------------- 18

Connecting Power, Chassis Fan, and Panel------------19

Install Other Hardware..................................................21

Install the Processor------------------------------------------21

Installing a Socket-370 Processor-------------------------22

Install the Memory Modules---------------------------------24

Install a Hard Disk Drive and CD-ROM ------------------25

Installing a Floppy Diskette Drive--------------------------28

Using the Expansion Slots ---------------------------------- 29

Add-in Card Options------------------------------------------31

Install Options and Extension Brackets------------------32

Make the External Connections....................................34

Important Information

Copyright

This publication, including all photographs, illustrations and software, is
protected under international copyright laws, with all rights reserved.
Neither this manual, nor any of the material contained herein, may be
reproduced without the express written consent of the manufacturer.

Disclaimer

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The
manufacturer makes no representations or warranties with respect to the
contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, the
manufacturer reserves the right to revise this publication and to make
changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of the
manufacturer to notify any person of such revision or changes.

Trademark Recognition

Microsoft, MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corp.
MMX, Pentium, Pentium-II, Pentium-III, Celeron are registered
trademarks of Intel Corporation.
VGA, OS/2, PS/2 are registered trademarks of International Business
Machines.
AMD, K5, K6 are registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Inc.
Cyrix, M1 are registered trademarks of Cyrix Corporation.
Other product names used in this manual are the properties of their
respective owners and are acknowledged.

Version 1.1

For marketing inquiries: [e-mail]
For technical support: [e-mail]
Website: http://www.ecs.com.tw

Appendix 1: Quick Jumper Setting Reference

JP1: Clear CMOS memory jumper

Use this 3-pin jumper to clear all the current data stored in the CMOS
memory.

Function Jumper Cap

Normal operation Short pins 1-2
Clear CMOS Short pins 2-3

JP1

1
2
3

JP2: Keyboard power on jumper

Use this 3-pin jumper to enable keyboard power on with hot keys or
password.

Function Jumper Cap

Enable keyboard power on Short pins 1-2
Disable keyboard power on Short pins 2-3

JP2

1 2 3

JP3: Audio enable/disable jumper

Use this 3-pin jumper to enable or disable the built-in audio system.

Function Jumper Cap

Enable audio system Short pins 1-2
Disable audio system Short pins 2-3

JP3

1 2 3

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CChhaapptteerr 11:: IInnttrroodduuccttiioon

n

Welcome

Congratulations on purchasing the P6BAP-Me mainboard. This
mainboard features the latest VIA 82c693A/596B chipset. The
mainboard includes a FC-PGA (Plastic Pin Grid Array) PGA370
processor socket. This feature means that you can install the

mainboard with one of the FC-PGA Celerons or Cyrix Joshua
processors.

The mainboard is micro-ATX sized and measures 245mm x 220mm. The
board includes a built-in sound system, 5 expansion slots including an
AGP graphics slot, and a full set of I/O ports. Using this mainboard, you
can create the exact system you need. The supported processors cover
a wide range of price/performance points so that you can build a system
for high performance or low cost.

1

CChhaapptteerr 22:: IInnssttaallllaattiioon

n

Quick Installation Table

This chapter explains how to successfully install the mainboard into a
computer case and build a working system. The installation procedure is
as follows:

Quick Jumper
Setting Reference

Before you Begin

Preparing the
Mainboard

Install Other
Hardware

Make the External
Connections

Provides a quick reference for the jumper
settings on this mainboard.

Provides advice on choosing a case,
avoiding static electricity damage, and setting
jumpers.

Provides a guide to the mainboard and I/O
port locations, full details on the jumper
settings, and advice on installing the
mainboard in the system case.

Provides guidance on installing essential
hardware: processor, memory, hard disk
drive, CD-ROM, floppy disk drive, and
expansion cards.

Provides advice on using the external I/O
ports to install peripheral devices such as a
keyboard, a monitor, a mouse, a printer,
loudspeakers, and so on.

7

CChhaapptteerr 33:: SSeettuup

p

About the Setup Utility

This chapter explains how to use and modify the BIOS setup utility that is
stored on the mainboard. The setup utility stores data about the
mainboard components and the configuration of devices that are
connected to it. This information is used to test and initialize components
at start-up time and to make sure everything runs properly when the
system is operating.

The setup utility is installed with a set of default values. You will probably
have to make changes to the setup utility whenever you add new
components to your system such as new disk drives. You may be able to
generate increased performance by changing some of the timing values
in the setup, but this can be limited by the kind of hardware you are
using, for example the rating of your memory chips. In certain
circumstances, the system may generate an error message that asks
you to make changes to the setup utility. This happens when the system
finds an error during the POST (Power On Self Test) that it carries out at
start up.

Starting the Setup Utility

You can only start the setup utility shortly after the computer has been
turned on. A prompt appears on the computer display which says “Press
DEL to run Setup”. When you see this prompt, press the Delete key, and
the system will start the setup utility and display the main menu of the
utility.

Using the Setup Utility

When you start setup, the main menu appears. The main menu of the
setup utility shows a list of the options that are available. A highlight
shows which option is currently selected. You can use the cursor arrow
keys to move the highlight to other options. When an option is
highlighted, you can execute the option by pressing the Enter key.

Some options lead to dialog boxes which ask you verify that that you
wish to execute that option. You usually answer these dial ogs by typing
Y for yes and N for no. Some options lead to dialog boxes which ask for
more information. Setting passwords have this kind of dialog box.

35

CChhaapptteerr 44:: SSooffttwwaarre

e

About the Software

The software for this mainboard is supplied on a CD-ROM. The disk has
some folders that can be used by many different mainboards, for
example the UTILITY and PERIPHERAL folders. Some folders can only
be used by mainboards which have certain brands of chipsets, for
example the INTEL and VIA folders. In addition, software that is
specifically intended for one kind of mainboard is stored in a folder with
the name of that board. The software for this mainboard is stored in the
P6BAP-Me folder.

Note: Never try to install software from a folder that is not
specified for use wi th your mainboard.

Folders for this Mainboard

For this board, you can install software from the following folders:

Utility Folder

You can use the software in the following sub-folders:
 AWDFLASH: Software to erase and install new revisions of the

syst em BIOS

 DIRECTX5: Software display drivers for Microsoft’s DirectX Rev. 5

specification

 PC-CILLIN: Anti-virus software
 BITWARE: Software for the built-in fax/modem
 GAMUT: Audio rack for the built-in sound system

CMI8X38 Folder

You can use the software from the following sub-folders:

 AUDIO: Drivers and software for the built-in audio system
 MODEM: Drivers and software for the built-in fax/modem

54

Safety Compliance

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruct ions, m a y cause harm f ul inter f erenc e to
radio communications. However there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged
to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:

 Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.
 Connect the equipment onto an outlet on a circuit different from that

to which the receiver is connected.
 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Shielded interconnect cables and shielded AC power cable must be
employed with this equipment to insure compliance with the pertinent RF
emission limits governing this device. Changes or modifications not
expressly approved by the system’s manufacturer could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.

Declaration of Conformity

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject
to the following conditions:

 This device may not cause harmful interference, and
 This device must accept any interference received, including

interference that may cause undesired operation.

Canadian Department of Communications

This class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian
Interference-causing Equipment Regulations.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du
Réglement sur le matériel brouilieur du Canada.

Peripheral Folder

You can use the software in the following sub-folders:
 KEYBOARD, CD-ROM, MOUSE: These three folders have drivers

for accessories manufactured by BTC. Some system assemblers

ship these accessori es with complete systems based on this

mainboard.

VIA Folder

 ACPI: This folder contains ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power

Interface) drivers for use with the chipset used in this system.
 AGP: This folder contains AGP graphics drivers for the chipset used

in this system.
 DMATool: This folder contains bus mastering Ultra DMA drivers for

IDE devices.

 IRQ: This folder contains PCI IRQ miniport drivers.
 Win9x: This folder contains the IDE driver update for use with

Windows 9x.
 Win NT: This folder contains the IDE driver update for use with

Windows NT.

GL520SM Folder

 Win9x: This folder has hardware monitoring software for Windows

95/98
 WinNT: This folder has hardware monitoring software for Windows

NT ver. 4.0

P6BAP-Me Folder

 AUDIO, MODEM, MONITOR : These folders are empty. A readme

file directs you to an alternate location with the required software.

Note: Some folders are subdivided into different operating
systems such as DOS, Windows 95, Windows NT, and so on.
Always make sure that you are installing the correct software for
the operating system on your computer. Some folders are also
subdivided into different language versions, such as English,
French, German and so on.

Note: Before installing any software, always inspect the folder for
files named README.TXT, INSTALL.TXT, or something similar.
These files may contain important information that is not included
in this manual.

55

Running the Support CD-ROM

1. Place the disk in your CD-ROM drive. If you are running Windows
with Autoplay enabled, the opening screen of the CD appears
automatically. Click on READ ME to read the latest instructions.

2. Click on the item BROWSE THE CD TITLE. This uses Windows
Explorer to show the contents of the support CD.

3. Double click on a folder to display the sub-folders.

4. Before installing the software, look for a file named README.TXT,
or something similar. This file may contain important information to
help you install the software cor rec tl y.

5. Some software is installed in separate folders for different operating
systems, such as DOS, WIN NT, WIN95/98, and so on. Always log
on to the correct folder for the kind of OS you are using.

6. To install the software, you usually execute a file named
SETUP.EXE or INSTALL.EXE by double clicking on the filename.

Utility Folder Installation Notes

Award Flash Memory Utility

This utility lets you erase the system BIOS stored on a Flash Memory
chip on the mainboard, and lets you copy an updated BIOS to the chip.
Take care how you use this program. If you erase the current BIOS and
fail to write a new BIOS, or write a new BIOS that is incorrec t, your
system will malfunction.

There are three flash memory utilities called AWD66.EXE,

AWD712.EXE and AWD73.EXE. For this mainboard you must use the
AWD73.EXE utility. To use the utility, you must be in real-mode DOS

(not the DOS box that is available in Windows 95/98/NT). If you are
using WINDOWS 95/98, shut down your computer and select the option
Restart in DOS in the shut-down dialog box. If you are running Windows
NT, shut down your computer and boot from a DOS diskette temporarily
in order to run the flash memory utility.

DirectX5 Drivers

The DirectX drivers are for installation only in Windows 95/98. The
directX drivers need to be installed before you install an AGP driver. You
may be able to get more up-to-date directX drivers from the Microsoft
web site. Start the installation by clicking on the file DX5CORE.EXE.

56

PC-Cillin Anti-Virus Utility

Anti-virus software is provided for DOS, for WIN95, and WIN 98. Log on
to the appropriate directory for your operating system. For DOS, copy all
the files in the DOS folder to your hard disk drive. For Windows 95, log
on to the Disk 1 folder and run SETUP. For Windows 98, run SETUP.

CMI8X38 Folder Installati on Notes

Audio Software

This folder has software and drivers for the sound system that is
integrated on this mainboard. Drivers are provided for Windows 95/98,
Windows NT, and DOS. An MS-WORD format manual is stored in the
MANUAL folder.

DOS Installation

Log on to the DOSDRV folder and run the program INSTALL.EXE

Windows 95/98 Installation

Locate the “My computer” icon on the desktop and right mouse click on it,
next select “System Management” from the pop-up menu. Select “PCI
Multimedia Audio Device”, and click properties, and finally press the
“Reinstall Driver” button. Follow the instructions on the screen, and
indicate the driver location on the CD-ROM \CMI8X38\AUDIO\W95­98\DRV when prompted.

Windows NT 4.0 Installation

1. Press the "Start" button.

2. Move the highlight to "Settings" and select "Control Panel".

3. Double click on the "Multimedia" icon.

4. Select the "Devices" tab.

5. Press the "Add..." button.

6. Select item "Unlisted or Updated Driver" in the "List of Drivers" list
box.

7. Specify the path to the PCI audio NT drivers.

8. Select "C-Media PCI Device" and press the "OK" button.

9. Choose proper I/O or the "OK" button for the default setting.

10. Restart the Windows NT system.

To install the audio applications, log on to the NT4 folder, and then log
on to the APPS folder. Run the SETUP program.

57

Modem Driver and Software

Install the Modem driver from the sub-folders for Windows 95/98 or
Windows NT4.0.

Windows 95/98

The modem is a plug and play device so Windows 95/98 will
automatically detect the presence of your modem. When the Plug and
Play wizard begins to look for modem drivers, click on the button that
says Have Disk and then browse or type in the pathname to the
CMI8x58\modem\win9x folder.

Windows NT 4.0

Follow the instructions in the README file in the WINNT4 sub-folder.

VIA Folder Installation Notes

ACPI

Run the "setup" program from the VIA directory to install the proper ACPI
(Advanced Configuration & Power Interface) drivers for use with the
chipset used in this system.

AGP

Run the "setup" program from the VIA directory to install the proper AGP
graphics drivers for the chipset used in this system.

DMATool

Run the Setdma.exe program in this directory to install the bus mastering
Ultra DMA tools for IDE devices.

IRQ

Run the "setup" program from the VIA directory to install the proper PCI
IRQ miniport drivers for the chipset used in this system.

Win9x

Run the "setup" program from the VIA directory to install the IDE driver
updates for use with Windows 9x.

Win NT

Run the "setup" program from the VIA directory to install the IDE driver
updates for use with Windows NT.

58

GL520SM Folder Installation Notes

This folder has system management monitoring software stored in one
Win9x for Windows 95/98, and stored in WinNT for Windows NT4.0. To
install the software, log on the to the correct sub-directory for your
operating system and then run the files named SETUP.EXE. Follow the
screen prompts to complete the installation.

Mainboard (P6BAP-Me) Install ation Notes

All of the sub-folders in this folder are empty, with a short README file
giving directions to alternate folders for the appropriate software.

59

Some options lead to tables of items that usually have a value on the
right side. The value of the first item is highlighted, and you can use the
cursor arrow keys to select any of the other values in the table of items.
When an item is highlighted, you can change the value by pressing the
PageUp or PageDown keys, or the Plus or Minus keys. The PageUp
and Plus keys cycle forward through the available values, the
PageDown and Minus keys cycle backwards through the values.

When you are in the main menu, you can exit the utilit y b y pressin g the
Escape key. You can save the current selections and exit the utility by
pressing the F10 key. You can change the color scheme of the utility by
pressing the F2 key while holding do wn the Shift key. When you are in
one of the options that displays a dialog box, you can return to the main
menu by pressing the Escape key.

When you are in an option that displays a table of items, you can return
to the main menu by pressing the Escape key. For some items, you can
display a help message by pressing the F1 key. You can change the
color scheme of the utility by pressing the F2 key while holding down the
Shift key. Press F5 to discard any changes you have made and return
all items to the value that they held when the setup utility was started.
Press F6 to load the displayed items with a standard list of default values.
Press F7 to load the displayed items with a high-performance list of
default values.

36

How to Flash a New BIOS

You can install an updated BIOS for this motherboard that you can
download from the manufacturer’s website. New BIOS may provide
support for new peripherals, improvements in performance or fixes to
address known bugs. Install a new BIOS as follows:

1. Some mainboards have a Flash BIOS jumper that protects the
current BIOS from being changed or overwritten. If your mainboard
has this jumper, change the setting to allow flashing a new BIOS.

2. Your computer must be running in a real-mode DOS environment,
not the DOS window of Windows NT or Windows 95/98. We
recommend that you create a new formatted DOS system floppy
diskette.

3. Locate the flash memory utility on the support CD-ROM. Its called
AWDFLASH.EXE. copy this file to the new system diskette.

4. Copy the new BIOS file that you downloaded from the
manufacturer’s website to the newly formatted system diskette.

5. Turn off your computer and insert the newly formatted DOS diskette
in your computer’s diskette drive.

6. You might need to run the setup utility and change the boot priority
items on the BIOS Features Setup page, to force your computer to
boot from the floppy diskette drive first.

7. At the A:\ prompt, after your computer has booted a clean DOS from
the diskette, type in the filename AWDFLASH and press Enter.

8. In the opening dialog box, type in the filename of the new BIOS and
follow the onscreen directions to flash the new BIOS to the
motherboard.

37

9. When the installation is complete, remove the floppy diskette from
the diskette drive and restart your computer. If your mainboard has a
Flash BIOS jumper, don’t forget to reset the jumper to protect the
newly installed BIOS from being over writt en.

Standard CMOS Setup Option

This option displays a table of items which defines basic information
about your system.

Date and Time

The Date and Time items show the current date and time held by your computer.
If you are running a Windows OS, these items are automatically updated
whenever you make changes to the Windows Date and Time Properties utility.

Hard Disks Defaults: Auto

These items show the characteristics of hard disk drives on the two available IDE
channels. You can automatically install most hard disks using the IDE HDD Auto
Detect Option from the main menu. If you find that a drive cannot be
automatically detected, you can use these items to select a number, then
manually enter the characteristics of the drive. The documentation provided with
your drive provides the data you need to fill in the values for CYLS (cylinders),
HEAD (read/write heads), and so on. The drive documentation drive may not tell
you what value to use under the MODE heading. If the drive is smaller than 528
MB, set MODE to Normal. If the drive is larger than 528 MB and it supports
Logical Block Addressing, set MODE to LBA. Very few high-capacity drives do
not support Logical Block Addressing. If you have such a drive, you might be

38

able to configure it by setting the MODE to Large. If you’re not sure which
MODE setting is required by your drive, set MODE to Auto and let the setup
utility try to determine the mode automatically.

Drive A and Drive B Default: 1.44M, 3.5 in., None

These items define the characteristics of any diskette drive attached to the
system. You can connect one or two diskette drives.

Floppy 3 Mode Support Default: Disabled

Floppy 3 mode refers to a 3.5” diskette with a capacity of 1.2 MB. Floppy 3 mode
is sometimes used in Japan.

Video Default: EGA/VGA

This item defines the video mode of the system. This mainboard has a built-in
VGA graphics system so you must leave this item at the default value.

Halt On Default: All Errors

This item defines the operation of the system POST (Power On Self Test) routine.
You can use this item to select which kind of errors in the POST are sufficient to
halt the system.

BIOS Features Setup Option

This option displays a table of items which defines more advanced
information about y our system. You can make modifi cations to most of
these items without introducing fatal errors to your system.

39

CPU Internal Core Speed Default: 233 MHz

Use this item to automatically set up the mainboard for the kind of processor that
you have installed. Set this item to the rated internal clock speed of the installed
processor. If you set this to Manual, two new items appear: CPU Host Bus
Frequency and CPU Frequency.

CPU Host Bus Frequency
CPU Core: Bus Freq. Multiple

These items appear if you have set the CPU Internal Core Speed to Manual. Use
the CPU Host Bus Frequency to set the system bus frequency for the installed
processor (usually 100 MHz or 66 MHz). Then use CPU Frequency to set a
multiple. The multiple times the syste m bus must equal the core speed of the
installed processor e.g. 3.5 (multiple) x 100 MHz (system bus) = 350 MHz
(installed processor clock speed).

CPU Core Voltage Default: Default

This item can be used to a set a core voltage for different kinds of processors.
Leave this item at the default value and your system will automatically assign the
correct voltage.

CPU Clock Failed Reset Default: Disabled

If this item is enabled, and your system crashes three times because you have
overclocked the processor, this item will automatically adjust the speed of the
processor to the system bus speed multiplied by tw o.

CIH Buster Protection Default: Enabled
Anti-Virus Protection Default: Disabled

When CIH Buster Protection is enabled it provides some protection against
viruses that target the system BIOS (particularly the CIH virus)

When Anti-Virus Protection is enabled it provides some protection against
viruses which try to write to the boot sector and partition table of your hard disk
drive. This item is Enabled as a default . You might need to disable it so that you
can install an operating system. We recommend that you enable Anti-Virus
Protection as soon as you have installed your disk with an OS.

CPU Internal Cache Default: Enabled

All the processors that can be installed in this mainboard use internal (level 1)
cache memory to improve performance. Leave this item at the default value
Enabled for better performance.

External Cache Default: Enabled

Most processors that can be installed in this system use external (L2) cache
memory to improve performance. The exceptions are older SEPP Celeron CPUs
running at 266 or 300 MHz. Enable this item for all but these two processors.

CPU L2 Cache ECC Checking Default: Enabled

This item enables or disables ECC (Error Correction Code) checking on the CPU
cache memory. We recommend that you leave this item at the default value.

40

Processor Number Feature Default: Enabled

Each Pentium-III processor cartridge is installed with a unique processor number.
This number may be used for verification in internet transactions and e­commerce. If you prefer not to use or distribute the unique processor number,
use this item to suppress the processor number.

Quick Power On Self Test Default: Enabled

You can enable this item to shorten the power on testing and have your system
start up a little faster. You might like to enable this item after you are confident
that your system hardware is operating smoothly.

Boot From LAN First Default: Enabled

Enable this item if you want your computer to remote boot an operating system
from a network server.

Boot Sequence Default: A,C,SCSI

This item defines where the system will look for an operating system, and the
order of priority. You can boot an OS from many locations including a SCSI or
ZIP drive, a floppy diskette drive or an LS-120 high-capacity diskette drive.

Swap Floppy Drive Default: Disabled

If you have two floppy diskette drives in your system, this item allows you to
swap around the assigned drive letters so that drive A becomes drive B, and
drive B becomes drive A.

Boot Up NumLock Status Default: Enabled

This item defines if the keyboard Num Lock key is active when your system is
started.

Gate A20 Option Default: Normal

This item defines how the system handles legacy software that was written for an
earlier generation of processors. Leave this item at the default value.

Memory Parity/ECC Check Default: Disabled

If this item is enabled, it allows the system to use parity checking and ECC (Error
Correction Code) to catch errors in system memory.

Security Option Default: Setup

If you have installed password protection, this item defines if the password is
required at system start up, or if it is only required when a user tries to enter the
setup utility.

PCI/VGA Palette Snoop Default: Disabled

This item is designed to overcome some problems that can be caused by some
non-standard VGA cards. This board includes a built-in VGA system that does
not require palette snooping so you must leave this item disabled.

OS Select For DRAM > 64 MB Default: Non-OS2

This item is only required if you have installed more than 64 MB of memory and
you are running the OS/2 operating system. Otherwise, leave this item at the
default Non-OS2.

41

HDD S.M.A.R.T. capability Default: Disabled

SMART is an industry acronym for Self-monitoring, Analysis and Reporting
Technology. If the documentation of your hard disk states that SMART is
supported, you can enable this item.

Report No FDD for WIN 95 Default: Yes

If you are running a system with no floppy drive and using the Windows 95 OS,
select Yes for this item to ensure compatibility with the Windows 95 logo
certification.

Video BIOS Shadow Default: Enabled

This item allows the video BIOS to be copied to system memory for faster
performance.

XXXXX-XXXXX Shadow Default: Disabled

These items allow the BIOS of other devices to be copied to system memory for
faster performance.

Chipset Features Option

This option displays a table of items that define critical timing parameters
of the mainboard components including the CPU, the memory, and the
system logic. Generally, you should leave the items on this page at their
default values unless you are very familiar with the technical
specifications of your system hardware. If you change the values
incorrectly you may introduce fatal errors or recurring instability into your
system.

42