The AP8802 is a step-down DC/DC converter designed to drive
LEDs with a constant current. The device can drive up to thirteen
LEDs, depending on the forward voltage of the LEDs, in series from
a voltage source of 8V to 48V. Series connection of the LEDs
provides identical LED currents resulting in uniform brightness and
eliminating the need for ballast resistors. The AP8802 switches at
frequencies up to 700kHz. This allows the use of small size
external components, hence minimizing the PCB area needed.
Maximum output current of AP8802 is set via an external resistor
connected between the V
achieved by applying either a DC voltage or a PWM signal at the
CTRL input pin. An input voltage of 0.2V or lower at CTRL shuts
down the output at SW and puts the device into a low-current
standby state.
and SET input pins. Dimming is
IN
Features
• LED driving current up to 1A
• High efficiency up to 92%
• Operating input voltage up to 48V
• High switching frequency up to 700kHz
• PWM/DC input for dimming control
• Built-in output open-circuit protection
• SO-8, SO-8EP and U-DFN3030-10 are available in “Green”
• Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/ EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl)
and <1000ppm antimony compounds.
SET 1 1 1 Set Nominal Output Current Pin. Configure the output current of the device.
CTRL 8 8 10
VIN
NC 3 3 3, 4, 8 No connection
EP - EP EP
4 4 5 Input Supply Pin. Must be locally bypassed.
Switch Pin. Connect inductor/freewheeling diode here, minimizing track length at this pin
to reduce EMI.
Dual function dimming control pin.
• Input voltage of 0.2V or lower forces the device into low current standby mode
and shuts off the output.
• A PWM signal (driven by an open-drain/collector source) allows the output
current to be adjusted over a wide range up to 100%.
• An analog voltage between 0.3V and 2.5V adjusts the output current between
25% and 200% of the current set by 0.2V/R
The input impedance is about 50kΩ, and if the pin is left open V
Exposed pad: Internally connected to IC substrate.
It should be connected to GND and as large as possible thermal mass for improved
thermal impedance and power dissipation capability.
However the exposed pad is not a Power GND return path. The dedicated GND pins must
be connected to 0V. See Land Pad diagrams.
Note: 4 All voltages unless otherwise stated are measured with respect to GND.
5. V
Caution: Stresses greater than the 'Absolute Maximum Ratings' specified above, may cause permanent damage to the device. These are
stress ratings only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions exceeding those indicated in this
specification is not implied. Device reliability may be affected byexposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended
periods of time.
Semiconductor devices are ESD sensitive and may be damaged by exposure to ESD events. Suitable ESD precautions should be
taken when handling and transporting these devices
SW voltage -0.3 to +50 V
CTRL Pin Input Voltage -0.3 to +6 V
SET Voltage (Note 5) +0.3 to -5 V
Junction Temperature 150
Lead Temperature Soldering 300
Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150
Notes: 6. For 100% brightness either leave floating or connect to 1.25V relative to GND.
7. AP8802 will operate at higher frequencies but accuracy will be affected due to propagation delays and also increased power dissipation will occur
due to increased switching losses.
8. For most applications the LED current will be within 8% over the duty cycle range specified. Duty cycle accuracy is also dependent on propagation
delay. Smaller size inductors can be used but LED current accuracy may be greater than 8% at extremes of duty cycle. This is most noticeable at
low duty cycles (less than 0.1) or when the input voltage is high and only one LED is being driven.
Operating input voltage relative to GND 8.0 48.0 V
Voltage range for 24% to 200% DC dimming relative to GND (Note 6) 0.3 2.5 V
Voltage low for PWM dimming relative to GND 0 0.2 V
Maximum switching frequency (Note 7) — 625 kHz
Ambient temperature range -40 +105 °C
Notes: 9. Refer to figure 8 for the device derating curve.
10. Test condition for SO-8, SO-8EP and U-DFN3030-10: Device mounted on FR-4 PCB, 2”x2”, 2oz copper, minimum recommended pad layout on top
layer and thermal vias to bottom layer ground plane. For better thermal performance, larger copper pad for heat-sink is needed.
Continuous switch current (Note 9) — — 1 A
Quiescent Current — 75 120 μA
Internal Threshold Voltage 184 200 216 mV
Sense threshold hysteresis — 15 — %
Internal Reference Voltage — 1.25 — V
On Resistance of MOSFET
Switch leakage current — — 8 μA
The LED current is controlled by the resistor R
LED(s) with the CTRL pin open circuit is defined as:
V
R
THD
SET
I= where V
LED
SET
is the voltage between the VIN and SET pins and is nominally 200mV.
THD
AP8802
1A LED STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
in Figure 14 connected between VIN and SET. The nominal average output current in the
Figure. 14 Typical Application Circuit for I
LED
= 1A
Inductor Selection
This section highlights how to select the inductor suitable for the application requirements in terms of switching frequency, LED current
accuracy and temperature.
The inductor influences the LED current accuracy that the system is able to provide. The following section highlights how to select the
inductor in relation to the device packages and the LED current, while maintaining the chip temperature below 70°C.
Figure. 18 SO-8 Recommended Inductor with 700mA LED Current
Supply Voltage (V)
Capacitor Selection
The small size of ceramic capacitors makes them ideal for AP8802 applications. X5R and X7R types are recommended because they retain
their capacitance over wider voltage and temperature ranges than other types such as Z5U. A 2.2μF input capacitor is sufficient for most
intended applications of AP8802.
A 4.7μF input capacitor is suggested for application with an input voltage equal or higher than 40V.
Diode Selection
Schottky diodes, e.g. B2100 or B1100, with their low forward voltage drop and fast reverse recovery, are the ideal choice for AP8802
applications.
The LED current for the AP8802 can be adjusted by driving the CTRL with a digital signal (PWM dimming) or by driving the CTRL with a DC
voltage between 0.3V and 2.5V (dc dimming).
If the CTRL pin is driven by an external voltage (lower than 2.5V), the average LED current is:
V
I×=
LED
V
1200
0.39
1000
800
0.2
0.47
0.56
CTRL
REF
V
THD
R
SET
where V
1A LED STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
is nominally 1.25V
REF
LED Current @
V = 1.25V
CTRL
LED Current @
V = 2.5V
CTRL
LED Current @
V = 0.625V
CTRL
0.39
0.47
0.47
0.56
0.68
0.68
0.68
0.82
0.82
0.82
1
1.2
1.5
1
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
600
LED CURRENT (mA)
400
0.33
0.2
0.33
200
0
00.30.60.91.21.51.82.12.42.73.0
R VALUE ()
SET
Figure. 19 LED Current Setting vs. R and V
Ω
SETCTRL
Figure 19 shows that reducing the CTRL voltage by a factor of 2 also reduces the LED curr ent by a factor of 2. The AP8802 has the ability
vary the LED current by a factor of 2 above the default value set by R
down to a factor of 0.24 of the nominal LED current. This provides
SET
an 8.33:1 dynamic range of the dc dimming.
A low pass filter on the CTRL pin of the AP8802 automatically provides some soft-start function of the LED current on initial start-up (this
phenomenon can be seen in figure 7); the built in soft-start period can be increased by the addition of an external capacitor onto the CTRL
pin.
The AP8802’s dimming range can be increased above this DC dimming factor by applying a PWM signal to the CTRL pin using this method
dimming dynamic ranges above 100 can be achieved.
When a low frequency PWM signal with voltages between 2.5V and a low level of zero is applied to the CTRL pin the output current will be
switched on and off at the PWM frequency. The resultant LED current I
A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal with a max resolution of 8-bit, can be applied to the CTRL pin to change the output current to a value
above or below the nominal average value set by resistor R
To achieve this resolution the PWM frequency has to be lower than 500Hz. The ultimate resolution will be determined by the number of
switching cycles required to get back to nominal LED current once the PWM voltage is high relative to PWM frequency. Lower switching
frequencies and higher PWM frequencies will result in lower PWM dimming dynamic ranges.
SET
.
will be proportional to the PWM duty cycle. See Figure 20.
LEDavg
1A LED STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
Figure 20. Low Frequency PWM Operating Waveforms
There are different ways of accomplishing PWM dimming of the AP8802 LED current:
Directly Driving CTRL Input
A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal with duty cycle DPWM can be applied to the CTRL pin to adjust the output current to a value above or
below the nominal average value set by resistor R
drive voltage of 2.5V (where extra brightness is required) or 1.25V if a maximum of 100% brightness is required.
A way of avoiding over-driving the CTRL pin is use an open collector/drain driver to drive the CTRL pin.
. When driving the CTRL with a voltage waveform care should be taken not to exceed a
SET
Driving the CTRL Input via Open Collector Transistor
The recommended method of driving the CTRL pin and controlling the amplitude of the PWM waveform is to use a small NPN s witching
transistor. This uses the internal pull-up resistor between the CTRL pin and the internal voltage reference to pull-up CTRL pin when the
external transistor is turned off.
Driving the CTRL Input From a Microcontroller
If the CTRL pin is driven by a MOSFET (either discrete or open-drain output of a micro-controller) then Schottky diode maybe be re quired due
to high Gate / Drain capacitance, which could inject a negative spike into CTRL input of the AP8802 and cause erratic operation but the
addition of a Schottky clamp diode (eg Diodes Inc. SD103CWS) to ground and inclusion of a series resistor (3.3k) will prevent this.
An external capacitor from the CTRL pin to ground will provide a soft-start delay, by increasing the time taken for the voltage on this pin to
rise to the turn-on threshold and by slowing down the rate of rise of the control voltage at the input of the comparator. Adding capacitance
increases this delay by approximately 200µs/nF. The graph below shows the variation of soft-start time for different values of capacitor.
16
14
12
10
IME (ms)
8
6
4
S
2
0
-2
020406080100120
Figure. 21 Soft-Start Time vs. Capacitance
from ADJ Pin to Groun
Thermal Considerations
The graph below in Figure 22, gives details for power derating. This assumes the device to be mounted on a 25x25mm PCB with 1oz copper
standing in still air.
The device comes with a wide selection of packages. The suggested package is able to provide a case temperature below 70°C (with an
ambient temperature of +25°C) for the combination of input voltage and load requested.
1A LED STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
12 LEDs
11 LEDs
10 LEDs
9 LEDs
8 LEDs
7 LEDs
6 LEDs
5 LEDs
4 LEDs
8 10121416182022242628303234363840424446
V
Figure. 22 Suggested Package @ I = 1A and 100µH Inductor
IN
LED
3 LEDs
2 LEDs
1 LED
48
12 LEDs
11 LEDs
10 LEDs
9 LEDs
8 LEDs
7 LEDs
6 LEDs
5 LEDs
4 LEDs
3 LEDs
8 10121416182022242628303234363840424446
Figure. 23 Suggested Package @ I = 700mA and 100µH Inductor
The AP8802 has by default open LED protection. If the LEDs should become open circuit the AP8802 will stop oscillating; the SET pin will
rise to V
If the LEDs should become shorted together the AP8802 will continue to switch however the duty cycle at which it will operate will change
dramatically and the switching frequency will most likely decrease. The on-time of the internal power MOSFET switch will be significantly
reduced because almost all of the input voltage is now developed across the inductor. The off-time will be significantly increased because the
reverse voltage across the inductor is now just the Schottky diode voltage (See Figure 20) causing a much slower decay in inductor c urrent.
During this condition the inductor current will remain within its controlled levels and so no excessive heat will be generated within the
AP8802.
and the SW pin will then fall to GND. No excessive voltages will be seen by the AP8802.
IN
1A LED STEP-DOWN CONVERTER
Figure. 24 Switching Characteristics (normal open to short LED chain)
Notes: 11. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
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