AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Features
• VIN Range: 2.7V to 5.5V
• Fully Programmable Current with Single Wire
• 32-Step Logarithmic Scale
• 20/25mA Max Current per Channel
• Four Low Current Settings Down to 50µA
(50µA) for Low Current Mode
• Low I
Q
Coverage
F
<1µA in Shutdown
Q
in “Green” Molding Compound (No Br, Sb)
• Tri-Mode 1X, 1.5X, and 2X Charge Pump for Maximum
Efficiency and V
• Drives up to Six Channels of LEDs
• Individual Main/Sub-Group Control
• No Inductors, Low Noise Operation
• 0.5/1/2MHz Constant Switching Frequency
• Small Application Circuit
• Built-In Thermal Protection
• Built-In Auto-Disable For Open Circuit
• Automatic Soft Start
• I
• Thermally-Enhanced QFN4040-16 Package: Available
• Lead Free Finish / RoHS Compliant (Note 1)
Applications
• Color (RGB) Lighting
• Programmable Current Sinks
• White LED Backlighting
• White Photo Flash for Digital Still Cameras
Typical Application Circuit
General Description
The AP3156 is a low noise, constant frequency charge pump
DC/DC converter that uses a tri-mode load switch (1X), fractional
(1.5X), and doubling (2X) conversion to maximize efficiency for
white LED applications. The AP3156 is capable of driving the
LED channels at 120mA maximum from a 2.7V to 5.5V input. The
current sinks may be operated individ ually or in pa rallel fo r driving
higher-current LEDs. A low external parts count (two 1µF flying
capacitors and two small 1µF capacitors at V
this part ideally suited for small, battery-powered applications.
AP3156 serial digital input is used to enable, disable and set
current for each LED with a 32-level logarithmic scale plus four
low-current settings down to 50µA for optimized efficiency, with a
low quiescent current of only 50µA.
Each output of the AP3156 is equipped with built-in protection for
short circuit and auto-disable for LED failure conditions.
V
OUT
Built-in soft-start circuitry prevents excessive inrush current
during start-up. A low-current shutdown feature disconnects the
load from V
The AP3156 is available in a lead-free, space-saving, thermally
enhanced 16-pin 4x4mm QFN package.
and reduces quiescent current to less than 1µA.
IN
and V
IN
OUT
) make
10
V
SDI
IN
1uF
C
IN
V
IN
AP3156
2
SDI
GND
9,11
AP3156 Rev. 1 1 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
5
C2
P
C2
N
C1
P
C1
V
OUT
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
1uF
C
2
8
6
1uF
C
1
7
N
4
15
14
13
12
16
LED
1
D4
D3
D6
D5
LED
LED
LED
D2
LEDD1LED
1uF
C
OUT
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Ordering Information
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
AP 3156 FV G - 7
Package
FV : QFN4040-16
Device
AP3156FVG-7 FV QFN4040-16 1500/Tape & Reel -7
Notes: 1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied. Please visit our website at
http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
http://www.diodes.com/products/lead_free.html
2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at
Package
Code
Packaging
(Note 2)
G : Green
Quantity Part Number Suffix
PackingLead Free
7 : Tape & Reel
7” Tape and Reel
Pin Assignments
(Top View)
D6
SDI
NC
D5
16
1
2
Exposed
3
D4
15
Pad
D3
14
D2
13
12
11
10
D1
GND
V
IN
V
OUT
AP3156 Rev. 1 2 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
4
7
6
5
P
C2
QFN4040-16
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
P
C1
N
C1
8
N
C2
9
GND
g
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name
D6 1 Current Sink Input #6. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
SDI 2 Serial Digital Interface Control Pin
NC 3 No Connection
VOUT 4
C2P 5
C1P 6
C1N 7 Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor 1
C2N 8 Negative Terminal of Flying Capacitor 2
GND 9, 11 Ground.
VIN 10 Input Power Supply. Requires 1µF capacitor between this pin and ground.
D1 12 Current sink input #1. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D2 13 Current sink input #2. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D3 14 Current sink input #3. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D4 15 Current sink input #4. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
D5 16 Current sink input #5. Connected to VOUT when un-used.
GND EP PAD Exposed Pad (bottom). Connected to GND directly underneath the package.
Functional Block Diagram
Pin
Number
Description
Charge pump output to drive load circuit. Requires 1µF capacitor connected between
this pin and
Positive Terminal of Flying Capacitor 2. Connects a 1µF capacitor between C2
C2
N.
Positive terminal of Flying Capacitor 1. Connects a 1µF capacitor between C1
N.
C1
round
P and
P and
AP3156 Rev. 1 3 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
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r
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 3)
Symbol Description Rating Unit
ESD HBM Human Body Model ESD Protection 2 KV
ESD MM Machine Model ESD Protection 200 V
VIN Input Voltage -0.3 to 6 V
V
SDI to GND Voltage -0.3 to VIN +0.3 V
SDI
I
Maximum DC Output Current 150 mA
OUT
TJ Operating Junction Temperature Range -40 to 150
T
Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec) 300
LEAD
Notes: 3. Exceeding Absolute Maximum Ratings will cause permanent damage to the device.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol Paramete
VIN Input Voltage 2.7 5.5 V
TA Operating Ambient Temperature -40 85 °C
Min Max Units
°C
°C
AP3156 Rev. 1 4 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
)
)
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Electrical Characteristics
= C
C
IN
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ. Max Unit
Charge Pump Section
SDI
Notes: 4. Determined by the average current levels of all active channels
5. Sequence setting set to give nominal 20mA max output current and 4mA output current.
6. Defined as the deviation of any sink current from the average of all active current channels
7. Device mounted on FR-4 substrate, 2"*2", 2oz, copper, double-sided PC board,
AP3156 Rev. 1 5 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
= C1 = C2 = 1.0µF; TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.5V. Unless otherwise noted.
OUT
IQ Quiescent Current
1X Mode, 3.0
No Load Current
1.5X Mode, 3.0≤V
No Load Current
2X Mode, 3.0≤V
No Load Current
≤VIN≤5.5, Active,
≤5.5, Active,
IN
≤5.5, Active,
IN
0.3 1
2.0 3
1.5 3
mA
50µA Setting, 1X Mode 50 µA
I
Sh utdown Curre nt SDI = 0 1 µA
SHDN
IDX
I
D-Match
I
Current Accuracy
SINK
(Note 4)
Current Matching Between Any
Two Current Sink Inputs
(Note 6)
= 20mA (Note 5), TA = 25°C
I
SET
I
= 4mA (Note 5), TA = 25°C
SET
V
:
F
D1:D6 = 3.6V
18.6 20 21.4 mA
3.6 4 4.4 mA
0.5 %
1X to 1.5X or 1.5X to 2X
VTH
Transition Threshold at Any
Pin
I
SINK
I
= 25mA 150 mV
SET
TSS Soft-Start Time 40 µs
0.5/
F
Clock Frequency
CLK
1/
MHz
2
V
SDI Threshold Low VIN = 2.7V 0.4 V
SDI(L
V
SDI Threshold High VIN = 5.5V 1.4 V
SDI(H
T
SDI Low Time 0.3 50 µs
SLO
T
SDI High Time 0.05 50 µs
SHI
T
SDI Off Timeout 256 µs
OFF
T
SDI Valid Sequence Timeout 256 µs
SEP
I
SDI Input Leakage -1 1 µA
SDI
θ
JA
Thermal Resistance
Junction-to-Ambient
QFN4040-16 (Note 7) 46 oC/W
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
Typical Performance Characteristics
Efficiency vs. Supply Voltage
VF=3.3V
VF=2.8V
VF=3.0V
AP3156
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Turn-On to 1X Mode
= 4.2V; 20mA Load)
(V
IN
Turn-On from 1.5X Mode
= 3.5V; 20mA Load)
(V
IN
Turn-Off from 1.5X Mode
(V
= 3.5V; 20mA Load)
IN
Turn-On to 2X Mode
= 2.7V; 20mA Load)
(V
IN
Current Matching vs. Temperature
AP3156 Rev. 1 6 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
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HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Load Characteristics
= 3.2V; 1.5X Mode; 10mA Load)
(V
IN
= 2.7V; 2X Mode; 20mA Load)
(V
IN
AP3156
Load Characteristics
Load Characteristics
(V
= 3.5V; 1.5X Mode; 20mA Load)
IN
Load Characteristics
(V
= 3.1V; 2X Mode; 25mA Load)
IN
Load Characteristics
= 3.5V; 1.5X Mode; 25mA Load)
(V
IN
AP3156 Rev. 1 7 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
SDI Threshold High vs. Input Voltage
SDI Threshold Low vs. Input Voltage
AP3156
AP3156 Rev. 1 8 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
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AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Functional Description
The AP3156 is a tri-mode high efficiency six-channel charge
pump (1x, 1.5x or 2x) device intended for white LED backlight
applications. An internal comparator circuit compares the
voltage at each constant current sink input against a referen ce
voltage. To ensure maximum power efficiency, the most
appropriate switching mode (1x, 1.5x, 2x) is automatically
selected.
The AP3156 requires only four external components: two 1µF
ceramic flying capacitors (C
1µF ceramic input capacitor (C
charge pump output capacitor (C
The each output channel of the AP3156 can drive six
individual LEDs with a maximum curren t of 25mA per channel.
These can be paralleled to give a total output current of
150mA.
Constant Current Output Level Settings
The constant current level for the outputs is set via the Serial
Digital Interface and has a logarithmic variance. This results in
the LED brightness varying linearly when the settings in the
scale are traversed. Because the inputs D1 to D6 are true
independent constant current sinks, the voltage observed on
any single given input will be determined by the difference
between V
being driven.
Since the constant current levels for the AP3156 are
programmable, no PWM (pulse width modulation) or additional
control circuitry is needed to control LED brightness. With its
high-speed serial interface (>1MHz data rate), th e LE D cu rrent
drive of the AP3156 can be changed successively to brighten
or dim LEDs in smooth transitions or in abrupt ste ps, giving the
user complete pr ogrammability and real-time control of LED
brightness.
There are 32 current level settings separated from o ne another
by approximately 0.5dB (see Constant Current Programming
Level table). Code 1 is full-scale current, and Code 31 is full
scale attenuated roughly 15dB. Code 32 is reserved as a “no
current” setting.
and the actual forward voltage (VF) of the LED
OUT
Constant Current Programming Levels (mA)
Data
1 20 25
2 18.9 23.6
3 17.8 22.3
4 16.8 21.0
5 15.9 19.9
6 15.0 18.7
7 14.2 17.7
8 13.4 16.7
9 12.6 15.8
10 11.9 14.9
11 11.2 14.1
12 10.6 13.3
13 10.0 12.5
14 9.5 11.8
15 8.9 11.2
16 8.4 10.5
17 8.0 10.0
18 7.5 9.4
19 7.1 8.9
and C2) for the charge pump, one
1
), and one 1µF ceramic
IN
).
OUT
20mA Max
I
(mA)
OUT
25mA Max
I
(mA)
OUT
Low Current Output Level Setting
The AP3156 has a distinct Low Current mode with ultra-low
quiescent current. For drive currents of 2mA or less, the device
operates with significantly reduced quiescent current.
Low Current Programming Levels (mA)
Serial Digital Interface
SDI is a general purpose 1-wire digital interface designed to
transport digital controls for power management ICs such as
AP3156. The current levels of the six channels can be
configured either together, individually or specific grouping.
Up to 32 current levels are allowed. A generic system
controller can easily support the SDI protocol via bit-banging
over its general purpose I/Os.
The SDI protocol is simple yet flexible enough to
accommodate different switching clock frequencies. Any
sequence of negative-edged pulses of 63 or less (see
Instruction & Data Table) separated by T
interpreted by the AP3156 as a channel configuration event.
In future, the number of pulses can be extended to support
additional commands.
AP3156 Rev. 1 9 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
20 6.7 8.4
21 6.3 7.9
22 6.0 7.5
23 5.6 7.0
24 5.3 6.7
25 5.0 6.3
26 4.7 5.9
27 4.5 5.6
28 4.2 5.3
29 4.0 5.0
30 3.8 4.7
31 3.6 4.4
32 0 0
Data Current (mA)
1 2
2 1
3 0.5
4 0.05
5 0
SEP at the SDI pin is
Functional Description (Continued)
Instruction & Data Table
First
Sequence
1~3
4~7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17 1~32* Set current level for CH5
18
19
20
21
22~32
33
34
35~63
* Only 1~5 are valid current settings at Low Current Mode.
Second
Sequence
- No Action
1~32 Reserved
1
2
3
4~32
1
2
3
4~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
1~32
-
-
-
-
Switching frequency selected to
0.5MHz
Switching frequency selected to
1MHz (default)
Switching frequency selected to
2MHz
Reserved
20mA Constant Current Mode,
32 current level supported
(default)
Low Current Mode, 4 current level
supported
25mA Constant Current Mode,
32 current level supported
Reserved
Set current level for all 6
*
Channels
Set current level for CH1, CH2,
*
CH3
Set current level for CH4, CH5,
*
CH6
Set current level for CH1, CH2,
*
CH3, CH4
Set current level for CH5, CH6
*
Set current level for CH1, CH2,
*
CH3, CH4, CH5
Set current level for CH6
*
Set current level for CH4
*
Set current level for CH3
*
Set current level for CH2
*
Set current level for CH1
*
Reserved
Soft Reset
1) 1MHz switching frequency
2) 20mA Constant Current Mode
3) All Channels in Current Level
Setting 32 (0mA)
Null Sequence
Reserved
Description
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Disabled Current Sinks
Unused current channels must be disabled by connecting the
sinks to V
the disabled channel.
Soft-Start
Soft-start is incorporated to prevent excessive inrush current
during power-up, mode switching, and transitioning out of
stand-by mode.
Short-Circuit Prote ction
Short-circuit protection function is incorporated to prevent
excessive load current when either flying cap terminals or
output pin electrically tied to a very lower voltage or ground.
Over-Voltage Protection
Over-Voltage Protection function is incorporated to limit the
output voltage under a safe value to avoid on-chip device
breakdown.
Under-Voltage Lockout
Under-Voltage lockout feature disables the device when the
input voltage drops below UVLO threshold.
Thermal Auto Shutdown
When the die temperature exceeds the thermal limit, the
device will be disabled and enter stand-by mode. The
operation resumes whenever the die cools off sufficiently.
Switching freque ncy
By default, the AP3156 is working at 1MHz switching
frequency. It can also work at 0.5MHz or 2MHz switching
frequency which can be set through the Serial Digital Interface.
An user can choose the appropriate switching frequency with
consideration of noise immunity, input and output voltage
ripple requirement, and capacitor selection.
OUT with only a small sense current flowing through
AP3156 Rev. 1 10 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Serial Digital Interface
SDI Command Timing Protocol
For the SDI command to be successfully received by the AP3156, all SDI timing specifications must be satisfied.
When no command is being sent, the SDI pin should be held High. If the SDI pin goes Low and stays Low for a time length between
SLO(min) and TSLO(max) and then goes High and stays High for the length between TSHI(min) and TSHI(max), one falling edge is
T
registered by the AP3156. The total number of falling edges registered before the SDI pin is held High for longer than the maximum
separation time T
another separation time of T
edges on the SDI pin and a different number represents a different command.
Each command is executed after it is successfully received. If at any time the SDI pin is held Low for longer than the maximum chip
disable time T
will re-enable the AP3156 and leave the shutdown mode. If the SDI pin is held on for a time duration over T
sequence (EOS) occurs with a number of pulse conformed to specified timing.
A valid dual-sequence command occurs when one valid sequence is defined as an instruction, and the other is defined as data. Both
sequences have numb er of pulses less than 33. Also, a valid single-seq uence command occurs when t he sequence has number o f
pulses greater than 32.
SEP(max) identifies the command that has been received by the AP3156. The next series of falling edges before
OFF(max)
SEP represents the next command. In other words, the AP3156 counts the number of consecutive falling
, then the AP3156 will be turned off and enters the shutdown mode. Setting the SDI pin switching from Low to High
SEP, then an end of a
Second Sequence
T
SEP
Current Setting
Channel 1 in
dimming control
Channel 2 in
dimming control
Channel 3 in
dimming control
Channel 4 in
dimming control
Channel 5 in
dimming control
Channel 6 in
dimming control
T
SEP
21
Set Channel 1 to current level 2.
Set Channel 2 to current level 2.
Set Channel 3 to current level 2.
Set Channel 4 to current level 2.
Set Channel 5 to current level 2.
Set Channel 6 to current level 2.
SDI
Channel D1
Channel D2
Channel D3
Channel D4
Channel D5
Channel D6
First Sequence
8
T
SLO
910
T
SHI
1
2
Channel Selection
Figure 1: Dimming Control Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
AP3156 Rev. 1 11 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
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Serial Digital Interface (Continued)
First Sequence
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Second Sequence
SDI
SDI
T
SHI
1
2
Current Mode Selection Select Low Current Mode
7
T
SLO
89
T
SEP
T
SEP
21
Figure 2: Current Mode Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
First Sequence
T
SHI
1
2
Switching Frequency Selection
6
T
SLO
78
T
SEP
Second Sequence
T
SEP
21
Select Switching Frequency
to 1 MHZ
Figure 3: Switching Frequency Selection (Dual-Sequence Command)
First Sequence
T
SLO
32 33
T
SEP
SDI
T
SHI
1
2
31
Soft Reset
Figure 4: Soft Reset (Single-Sequence Command)
AP3156 Rev. 1 12 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
Marking Information
(1) QFN4040-16
Part Number Package Identification Code
AP3156FVG-7 QFN4040-16 F7
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
( Top View )
XYXXW
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
XX : F7 : AP3156
Y : Year : 0~9
W
: Week : A~Z : 1~26 week;
a~z : 27~52 week;
z represents 52 and 53 week
: A~Z : Green
X
AP3156
Package Information (All Dimensions in mm)
(1) Package Type: QFN4040-16
C
L
Side View
3.90/4.10
2.3/2.5
16
10
2.3/2.5
0.28/0.38
0.15Max.
A
0.55/0.65
0.10
16X-
2X-
0.10 C
0.08 C
0.55/0.65
0.25 B
0.05Max.
B
3.90/4.10
(Pin #1 ID)
0.25 A
2X-
4
1
0.65Typ.
Bottom View
Seating Plane
C
4
3.7
C
AB
Land Pattern Recommendatrion
4
3.7
(Pin #1 ID)
16x-1.0
12x-0.65
Bottom View
AP3156 Rev. 1 13 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
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Taping Orientation (Note 8)
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
Note: 8. The taping orientation of the other package type can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02007.pdf
AP3156 Rev. 1 14 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated
AP3156
HIGH EFFICIENCY 1X/1.5X/2X CHARGE PUMP
FOR WHITE LED APPLICATIONS
DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS
DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).
Diodes Incorporated and its subsidi aries reserve t he right to make modific ations, enhancem ents, improvemen ts, correction s or other
changes without further notic e to this docume nt and any product des cri bed herein. Diodes Inc orporat ed does not assum e any liabi lity
arising out of the applicatio n or use of this document or any produc t described herei n; neither d oes Diodes Incorporat ed convey any
license under its patent or trademark rights , nor the rights of oth ers. Any Customer or user of this docume nt or products described
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Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liabil ity whatsoever in respect of any produc ts purchas ed through unauthorized
sales channel.
Should Customers purchase or use Di odes Incorporated products for any unint ended or unauthorized application, Cust omers shall
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Products described herein may be covered by one or m ore United Stat es, international o r foreign patents p ending. Product names
and markings noted herein may also be covered by one or more Uni ted S tates, international or foreig n trademarks.
Diodes Incorporated product s are specif ically not aut horized fo r use as critic al component s in life support devic es or systems without
the express written approval of t he Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:
A. Life support devices or systems are devices or sys tems which:
1. are intended to implant into the body, or
2. support or sustain life and whose f ai l u re to per f o rm when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided
in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to t h e user .
B. A cr itical com ponent is any c omponent in a life support devi ce or system whose failure t o perform can be reas onably expected
to cause the failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Customers represent that they have al l necessary expertise in t he safety and regulatory ramific ations of their life support dev ices or
systems, and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements
concerning their products and any use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems,
notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further,
Customers must fully indemni fy Diodes Incorporated and its representat ives against any damages arising out of the use of Di odes
Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.
Copyright © 2009, Diodes Incorporat ed
www.diodes.com
IMPORTANT NOTICE
LIFE SUPPORT
AP3156 Rev. 1 15 of 15 SEPTEMBER 2009
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