The AL8806 is a step-down DC/DC converter designed to drive LEDs
with a constant current. The device can drive up to 8 LEDs,
depending on the forward voltage of the LEDs, in series from a
voltage source of 6V to 36V. The AL8806 switches at frequencies up
to 1MHz. This allows the use of small size external components,
hence minimizing the PCB area needed.
Maximum output current of AL8806 is set via an external resistor
connected between the V
by applying either a DC voltage or a PWM signal at the CTRL input
pin. An input voltage of 0.4V or lower at CTRL switches off the output
MOSFET simplifying PWM dimming.
and SET input pins. Dimming is achieved
IN
Features
LED driving current up to 1.5A
Better than 5% accuracy
High efficiency up to 98%
Operating input voltage from 6V to 36V
High switching frequency up to 1MHz
PWM/DC input for dimming control
Built-in output open-circuit protection
MSOP-8EP: Available in “Green” Molding Compound (No Br,
Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
Pin Assignments
SET
SET
GND
GND
GND
GND
CTRL
CTRL
Applications
High Power MR16 Lamps
General Illumination Lamps
Multi-Die LED Driver
SET 1 Set Nominal Output Current Pin. Configure the output current of the device.
N/C 7 no connection
MSOP-8EP
SW 5, 6 Switch Pin. Connect inductor/freewheeling diode here, minimizing track length at this pin to reduce EMI.
Dimming and On/Off Control Input.
Leave floating for normal operation.
(V
= V
= 2.5V giving nominal average output current I
REF
< 2.5V) to adjust output current from 20% to 100% of I
CTRL
Drive to voltage below 0.4V to turn off output current
Drive with DC voltage (0.5V < V
A PWM signal (low level ≤ 0.4V and high level > 2.6; transition times less than 1us) allows the output current to be
VIN
EP EP
8
Input Supply Pin. Must be locally decoupled to GND with >
more information.
Exposed pad:
Connect to GND and thermal mass for enhanced thermal impedance. It should not be used as electrical ground
conduction path.
CTRL
adjusted below the level set by the resistor connected to SET input pin.
Function
= 0.1/RS)
OUTnom
OUTnom
2.2µF X7R ceramic capacitor – see applications section for
Caution: Stresses greater than the 'Absolute Maximum Ratings' specified above, may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only;
SW voltage relative to GND -0.3 to +40 V
CTRL pin input voltage -0.3 to +6 V
DC or RMS switch current 1.65 A
Peak switch current (<10%) 3 A
Junction Temperature 150 °C
Lead Temperature Soldering 300 °C
Storage Temperature Range -65 to +150 °C
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions exceeding those indicated in this specification is not implied. Device reliability may be
affected by exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time.
Semiconductor devices are ESD sensitive and may be damaged by exposure to ESD events. Suitable ESD precautions should be taken when handling
and transporting these devices.
Recommended Operating Conditions(@T
Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit
VIN
V
CTRLH
V
CTRLDC
V
CTRLL
ISW
f
OSC
TJ
Operating Input Voltage relative to GND 6.0 36 V
Voltage High for PWM dimming relative to GND 2.6 5.5 V
Voltage range for 20% to 100% DC dimming relative to GND 0.5 2.5 V
Voltage Low for PWM dimming relative to GND 0 0.4 V
DC or RMS switch current 1.5 A
Switching Frequency 1 MHz
Junction Temperature Range -40 +125 °C
Electrical Characteristics (@V
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
V
INSU
V
INSH
IQ
IS
VTH
V
TH-H
I
SET
R
CTRL
V
REF
R
DS(on)
I
SW_Leakage
JA
JC
Notes: 4. AL8806 does not have a low power standby mode but current consumption is reduced when output switch is inhibited: V
tested with V
5. Dominant conduction path via exposed pad. Refer to figure 5 for the device derating curve.
6. Measured on an FR4 51x51mm PCB with 2oz copper standing in still air with minimum recommended pad layout on top layer and thermal vias to
bottom layer maximum area ground plane. For better thermal performance, larger copper pad for heat-sink is needed.
Internal regulator start up threshold
Internal regulator hysteresis threshold
Quiescent current Output not switching
Input supply Current CTRL pin floating f = 250kHz 1.8 5 mA
Set current Threshold Voltage
Set threshold hysteresis ±20 mV
SET pin input current
CTRL pin input resistance Referred to internal reference 50 kΩ
Internal Reference Voltage 2.5 V
On Resistance of SW MOSFET
Switch leakage current
Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Ambient (Note 5) MSOP-8EP (Note 6) 69
Thermal Resistance Junction-to-Case (Note 5) MSOP-8EP (Note 6) 4.3
In normal operation, when voltage is applied at VIN, the AL8806 internal switch is turned on. Current starts to flow through sense resistor R
inductor L1, and the LEDs. The current ramps up linearly, and the ramp rate is determined by the input voltage V
DFLS230LH
DFLS230LH
D1
12V
12V
GND
GND
C1
C1
4.7µF
4.7µF
C2
C2
100nF
100nF
D1
R
R
SET
SET
0R082
0R082
IN
IN
V
V
AL8806
AL8806
CTRL
CTRL
GND
GND
SET
SET
SW
SW
33µH
C3
C3
1µF
1µF
L1
Figure 1 Typical Application Circuit
This rising current produces a voltage ramp across R
proportional voltage to the input of the internal comparator.
When this voltage reaches an internally set upper threshold, the internal switch is turned off. The inductor current continues to flow through R
L1, the LEDs and the schottky diode D1, and back to the supply rail, but it decays, with the rate of decay determined by the forward voltage drop of
the LEDs and the schottky diode.
This decaying current produces a falling voltage at R
applied at the input of the internal comparator. When this voltage falls to the internally set lower threshold, the internal switch is turned on again.
This switch-on-and-off cycle continues to provide the average LED current set by the sense resistor R
. The internal circuit of the AL8806 senses the voltage across R
SET
, which is sensed by the AL8806. A voltage proportional to the sense voltage across R
1
.
SET
and the inductor L1.
IN
Multi-
Multi-
die
die
LED
LED
and applies a
SET
LED Current Control
The LED current is controlled by the resistor R
Connected between V
If the CTRL pin is driven by an external voltage (higher than 0.4V and lower than 2.5V), the average LED current is:
For example for a desired LED current of 1.33A and a default voltage V
and SET the nominal average output current in the LED(s) is defined as:
IN
in Figure 1.
SET
R
SET
V
I
LED
THD
I
LED
V
V
THD
I
LED
V
CTRL
CTRL
V
REF
V
R
SET
V
CTRL
THD
R
SET
REF
=2.5V the resulting resistor is:
5.2
1.0
5.2
33.1
m75
DC Dimming
The CTRL pin can be driven by an external DC voltage (V
. The LED current decreases linearly with the CTRL voltage when 0.5V ≤ V
R
SET
Note that 100% brightness setting corresponds to V
the device will not overdrive the LED current and will still set the current according to the equation V
When the CTRL voltage falls below the threshold, 0.4V, the output switch is turned off which allows PWM dimming.
CTRL
), to adjust the output current to a value below the nominal average value defined by
CTRL
≤ 2.5V, as shown on page 4 for 4 different current levels.
CTRL
= V
, nominally 2.5V. For any voltage applied on the CTRL pin that is higher than V
LED current can be adjusted digitally, by applying a low frequency Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) logic signal to the CTRL pin to turn the device on
and off. This will produce an average output current proportional to the duty cycle of the control signal. In particular, a PWM signal with a max
resolution of 10bit can be applied to the CTRL pin to change the output current to a value below the nominal average value set by resistor R
achieve this resolution the PWM frequency has to be lower than 500Hz, however higher dimming frequencies can be used - at the expense of
dimming dynamic range and accuracy.
Typically, for a PWM frequency of 500Hz the accuracy is better than 1% for PWM ranging from 1% to 100%.
700
600
500
400
SET
. To
300
200
LED curre nt [m A
100
0
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
PWM dim m ing [%]
Figure 2 PWM Dimming at 500Hz
70
60
50
40
30
20
LED current [mA
10
0
0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%10%
PW M dim m ing [%]
Figure 3 Low Duty Cycle PWM Dimming at 500Hz
The PWM pin is designed to be driven by both 3.3V and 5V logic levels directly from a logic output with either an open drain output or push-pull
output stage.
The AL8806 does not have in-built soft-start action – this provides very fast turn off of the output the stage improving PWM dimming accuracy;
nonetheless, adding an external capacitor from the CTRL pin to ground will provide a soft-start delay. This is achieved by increasing the time taken
for the CTRL voltage to rise to the turn-on threshold and by slowing down the rate of rise of the control voltage at the input of the comparator.
Adding a capacitor increases the time taken for the output to reach 90% of its final value, this delay is 0.1ms/nF, but will impact on the PWM
dimming accuracy depending on the delay introduced.
Figure 4 Soft Start with 22nF Capacitor on CTRL Pin (V
= 36V, I
IN
= 667mA, 1 LED)
LED
Reducing Output Ripple
Peak to peak ripple current in the LED(s) can be reduced, if required, by shunting a capacitor C2 a cross the LED(s) as shown al ready in the circuit
schematic.
A value of 1μF will reduce the supply ripple current by a factor three (approx.). Proportionally lo wer ripple can be achieved with higher capacitor
values. Note that the capacitor will not affect operating frequency or efficiency, but it will increase start-up delay, by reducing the rate of rise of
LED voltage. By adding this capacitor the current waveform through the LED(s) changes from a triangular ramp to a more sinusoidal version
without altering the mean current value.
The small size of ceramic capacitors makes them ideal for AL8806 applications. X5R and X7R types are recommended because they retain their
capacitance over wider voltage and temperature ranges than other types such as Z5U.
A 2.2μF input capacitor is sufficient for most intended applications of AL8806; however a 4.7μF input capacitor is suggested for input voltages
approaching 30V.
Diode Selection
For maximum efficiency and performance, the rectifier (D1) should be a fast low capacitance Schottky diode with low reverse leakage at the
maximum operating voltage and temperature. The Schottky diode also provides better efficiency than silicon PN diodes, due to a combination of
lower forward voltage and reduced recovery time.
It is important to select parts with a peak current rating above the peak coil current and a continuous current rating higher t h an th e maximum outpu t
load current. In particular, it is recommended to have a diode voltage rating at least 15% higher than the operating voltage to ensure safe operation
during the switching and a current rating at least 10% higher than the average diode current. The power rating is verified by calculating the power
loss through the diode.
Schottky diodes, e.g. B240 or B140, with their low forward voltage drop and fast reverse recovery, are the ideal choice for AL8806 applications.
Thermal and Layout Considerations
For continuous conduction mode of operation, the absolute maximum junction temperature must not be exceeded. The maximum p o wer dissipation
depends on several factors: the thermal resistance of the IC package
and ambient temperature.
The maximum power dissipation can be calculated using the following formula:
where T
is the maximum operating junction temperature,
J(MAX)
, PCB layout, airflow surrounding the IC, and difference between junction
JA
T
The recommended maximum operating junction temperature, T
junction to ambient thermal resistance,
enhanced MSOP-8EP package.
, is layout dependent and the AL8806’s JA in MSOP-8EP on a
JA
51 x 51mm double layer PCB with 2oz copper standing in still air is
approximately 69°C/W.
Therefore the maximum power dissipation at T
Figure 5, shows the power derating of the AL8806 on an FR4
51x51mm PCB with 2oz copper standing in still air.
As the ambient temperature increases and/or the PCB area reduces
the maximum allowable power dissipated by the AL8806 will
decrease.
AL8806
Document number: DS35144 Rev. 5 - 2
is the ambient temperature, and
A
is the junction to ambient thermal resistance.
JA
. To support high LED drive at higher ambient temperatures the AL8806 has been packaged in thermally
JA
= +25°C is:
A
P
)MAX(D
C25C125
W/C69
, is 125°C and so maximum ambient temperature is determined by the AL8806’s
When laying out the PCB for the AL8806 the following should be observed:
1. The decoupling capacitor C1 has to be placed as close as possible to V
2. The sense resistor, R
3. The anode of the freewheel diode (D1), the SW pin and the inductor have to be placed as close as possible to each other to avoid ringing.
, has to be placed as close as possible to VIN and SET
SET
R
SET
IN
To avoid
radiated EMI
keep dashed
tracks as
short as
possible
IN
V
AL8806
SET
D1
C2
C1
CTRL
GND
SW
L1
Figure 6 PCB Layout
The AL8806 has two evaluation boards available on request (AL8806EV4 and AL8806EV6). Information can be found on the Diodes website and
from a Diodes’ sales representative.
Application Example
A typical application example for the AL8806 is the MR16 lamp; which normally operate from 12VDC or 12VAC supplies, using conventional
electromagnetic transformers or electronic transformers.
As a replacement for MR16 halogen lamps, LED lamps offer a more energy efficient solution - radiating no h eat and no Ultra Violet light. The l ow
thermal impedance of the AL8806 and its 1.5A switch capability allows it drive some of the latest multi-die LEDs; which increases the lamp’s
luminance.
This application example is intended to fit into the base connector space of an MR16 style LED lamp . The design has been optimized f or pa rt coun t
and thermal performance for a multi-die LED in the Lens section as well as EMI conformance.
The output of the 12V transformer is fed into the bridge rectifier, comprising of D2, D3, D4 and D5. C10 offers an optional EMI filtering at the input.
(see figure 9)
Capacitor, C
used to sustain operation of the device during the low part of the rectified AC wave. In the case of a system driving two LEDs at 1.1A, one 470µF
plus 47µF capacitors are required.
Capacitors C3 and C9 provide local decoupling for the AL8806 and for the schottky freewheeling diode, D1. It is important that C3 i s as close as
possible to the AL8806’s V
The LED current is determined by the total resistance between the V
BOM).
C4 decouples the LED connections, again to minimize EMI, as well as smoothing the current.
D1 operates as the freewheeling diode, providing a current path for the LED current when the power switch at SW pin is off.
Capacitors C5 to C9, 1.5nF have been added to improve the overall EMI performa nce. C5 is connected across the Suppl y pins to reduce radiation
via the wiring. C6 and C7 also assist the reduction of EMI via the wiring. C8 snubs high frequency radiation f rom the harmonics in the switching
regulator.
A large number of vias have been used to improve the grounding effect throughout the PCB to improve the evaluation board’s EMI performance.
BULK
(cont.)
, (capacitors C1 and C2 on the PCB and BOM are multiple components to reduce size) forms the bulk reservoir capacitance -
pin and that C9 is as close to the VIN and shottky diode as possible, as reflected in the layout shown below in figure 8.
IN
and SET pins (R1 and R2 in figures 7 (schematic) and 8 (top PCB) and
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