Diamond SupraExpress 56e User Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

How to Use this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Technical Support Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Supra Bulletin Board System (BBS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

If Your Modem Needs Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Communication Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Modem Communication Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Modem Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Connection Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Error Correction and Data Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Connection Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Using AT Commands and Result Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Issuing AT Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Command State and Online State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Escape Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Command Line Syntax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Command Line Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Result Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Dialing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Using the Dial Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Storing a Telephone Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Dialing a Stored Telephone Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Automatic Pulse Dialing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Disabling Call Waiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Answering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Answering Calls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Caller ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

High Speed Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

56K Modem Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

33,600 bps Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Asymmetric Data Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Selecting a Modulation to Control High Speed Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Rate Renegotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Hardware Flow Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Voice Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Voice Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Half Duplex/Full Duplex Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Voice Messaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Speakerphone and Telephone Answering Device Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Fax Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

ITU Standards for Group 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Class 1 Fax Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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Fonts for Faxing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Resources for Fax Programmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Video Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

V.80 Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Video Communication Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Solving Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Check Your Equipment and Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Is the Modem Recognized by the Operating System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Is the Modem Responding in the Modem Program?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Is the Modem Connecting to the Device on the Other End? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

To Uninstall Your Modem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

AT Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Direct Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

AT Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

V.25ter AT Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Fax AT Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

S Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Result Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Result Code Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Sample Result Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Determining Which Result Codes to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Modem Result Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

FCC And IC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Federal Communications Commission (FCC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

FCC Regulations on Fax Branding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Industry Canada (IC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

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INTRODUCTION

1

Welcome to the Reference Manual. You should have already read the Getting Started manual for
information on installing your modem. Now that you are familiar with its basic operations, you are
ready to learn more about its advanced capabilities.

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

This manual is designed so new users can get information about how their modems perform.

Experienced users can get reference material to help them change settings and use the modem’s
advanced features.

Communication Standards contains detailed information about your modem’s data
communications capabilities and explains its error correction and data compression features.

Using AT Commands and Result Codes provides detailed instructions on using your
modem’s AT commands to perform tasks.

Dialing discusses dialing, and Answering continues with specialized answering features.

High Speed Communication addresses 56K modem technology, along with some of the unique

aspects of communicating at high speeds.

Voice Features, Fax Features, and Video Features describe features unique to particular
modem models. Your modem may not have all of these features.

Your modem and software documentation will help you with technical questions about using your
modem. However, if you need further assistance, see Solving Problems for tips and directions on
how to contact Diamond Communications Division Technical Support.

AT Commands, S Registers and Result Codes are included, along with a Glossary to help guide your
study of modem technology.

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4

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

2

This section discusses the following:

• TECHNICAL SUPPORT INFORMATION

• SUPRA BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM (BBS)

• IF YOUR MODEM NEEDS REPAIR

If you need help with your modem, first try the suggestions in Solving Problems. If you still need
assistance after trying those solutions, please contact Technical Support in one of the ways described
below.

When you contact Technical Support, make sure you have all of the following information
available:

• The results of typing the ATi3 command in your data communications terminal screen (if

possible)

• Your computer model (e.g. Pentium or Power Mac 7600)

• Your modem model (e.g. SupraExpress 56e) and serial number

• The names and version numbers of any software you’re using with your modem (e.g.
FAXcilitate or FaxTalk)

We offer a wide range of methods for obtaining Technical Support. Our Technical Support
department can be reached by telephone, fax, or through many online services including our own
BBS.

Fax and online services offer several advantages over calling when contacting Technical Support.
For instance, Technical Support can be reached by fax or through online services 24 hours a day,
seven days a week. Responses will be sent by the end of the next business day. Also, answers to many
of the most often asked questions can be accessed via Fax on Demand or on Diamond Multimedia’s
forum on CompuServe (GO SUPRA).

If you choose to call us, it is very helpful if you have your computer on and are seated at it
when you call.

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TECHNICAL SUPPORT INFORMATION

The Technical Support Information line plays a recording citing the various Technical Support
services and how to reach them.

The Technical Support Information line is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

In the U.S. and Canada only call: [phone]
From all other areas call: [phone]

Technical Support — Email

To address a question to Technical Support, email [email protected].

This is an automated electronic mail response service that allows you to search an index of issues
and request the solution via email. The automated service will reply in fewer than ten minutes once
the message is sent. You can get answers to the most common questions any time of the day or
night.

Online

Online services from Technical Support include an FTP site and a Web page. In these locations you
will find help files for setting up a variety of software applications, troubleshooting guides, drivers,
shareware utilities relevant to our products, as well as sysop order forms.

Our Technical Support addresses on the Internet are:

World Wide Web www.diamondmm.com
FTP site ftp.supra.com

Supra BBS

This service offers help files for setting up a variety of software applications, troubleshooting guides,
drivers, shareware utilities relevant to our products, and sysop order forms. See instructions for
calling our BBS later in this section.

The telephone number for the Supra BBS is [phone].

CompuServe

The Diamond Communications Division has its own forum on CompuServe. This forum provides
you with answers to technical questions and inquiries about your Communications Division
product. You can find specific message sections to help you direct your question to the appropriate
area. You can also find a number of libraries that contain valuable information about
configurations, updates, product announcements, troubleshooting guides, utilities, helpful
documents, and sysop order forms. A conference room is also available.

Our address on CompuServe is GO SUPRA.

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Technical Support — Fax on Demand

The telephone number for the Fax on Demand is [phone] or [phone].
You can choose to have faxed to you a catalog of frequently asked technical questions as well as
other information on Communications Division products. After choosing topics that interest you,
you can then use this automated system to have short explanations of these topics faxed to you.
Complete instructions are provided when you call. Fax on Demand is available 24 hours a day,
seven days a week. A touch tone telephone is required to use this service. All Fax on Demand
documents are also available on our web page.

Technical Support — TDD

This service provides immediate access to Technical Support for hearing impaired customers.

The TDD lines for Technical Support are open Monday through Friday, 5 AM to7 PM and Saturday 8
AM to 4 PM Pacific Standard Time, unless noted otherwise.

The TDD number for Technical Support is [phone].

Technical Support — Telephone

We encourage you to use our online services or fax services to contact Technical Support. Those
services provide round-the-clock access to our technicians without running up your long distance
bill. If you can’t reach us by fax or through any of the online services, please call.

The telephone lines for Technical Support are open Monday through Friday, 5 AM to 7 PM and
Saturday 8 AM to 4 PM Pacific Standard Time, unless noted otherwise.

The telephone number for Technical Support is [phone].

Other Ways to Contact Technical Support and Sales

You can send us a fax with your Technical Support questions or sales orders 24 hours a day, seven
days a week. Be sure to include your name and return fax number on all faxes.

The fax number for Technical Support is [phone].

The fax number for Sales is [phone].

If you want to mail something to us (refer to the next section for modem returns), our mailing
address is:

Diamond Multimedia Systems, Inc.
Communications Division
7101 Supra Dr. SW
Albany, OR 97321 USA

If you want more information, our toll free telephone number for Sales is 1-[phone] or
[phone]. You can find out information about your order through the Internet. Our

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Internet address for customer service is [email protected].

SUPRA BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM (BBS)

For the most up-to-date information on the Diamond Communications Division’s products and
quickest help, we recommend calling our BBS. It contains the latest version of this manual along
with other useful files. The service only costs a phone call and is available 24 hours a day. Most
questions are answered within one working day of the posting.

Connecting to the Supra BBS

To connect to the Supra BBS:

1 The Supra BBS phone number is [phone].
2 In your telecommunications software (e.g., Microphone or HyperTerm), set your port speed to

57,600 bps or the speed best supported by your computer and Hardware Flow Control. If
necessary, also select 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and N or none (for no parity).

3 In your telecommunications software terminal mode, issue the AT&F0 command (if you are

using a PC) or the AT&F1 command (if you are using a Macintosh). Then use your software to
dial the BBS number listed above.

4 Once you have connected, follow the BBS instructions for logging on.

Supra BBS File Area

The Supra BBS File Area contains hundreds of files: telecommunications software (also called
terminal programs), upgraded SupraFAXModem drivers for popular telecom software, third-party
bulletins, information from Diamond, and various other files. Many of these files are only available
on the Supra BBS.

The files are free. Your only cost when downloading them is the phone call cost.

In addition to the data and text files, there are many “shareware” programs available on the Supra
BBS. Shareware means you can download, try out, and distribute the program for free, and pay only
if you decided to keep it. Diamond Multimedia encourages you to be honest about shareware fees
and royalties, and to pay the appropriate fees if you decide to keep any shareware you download
from the Supra BBS.

IF YOUR MODEM NEEDS REPAIR

Do not return any equipment to Diamond for service without first contacting Technical Support and
obtaining a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number. We need this number for proper
tracking of your repair.

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Five Year Limited Warranty

Our Warranty to you:

Diamond Multimedia warrants that for a period of five years from the date of original retail
purchase, your products will be free from defects in materials and workmanship. If you discover a
defect covered by this warranty, we will repair, replace, or refund the purchase price of the product at
our option using new or remanufactured components. Diamond’s liability is limited solely
to the repair, replacement, or refund of the defective product. This warranty gives
you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

How to obtain service under this warranty:

To obtain service under this warranty you must deliver the product and the original sales receipt to
the dealer you purchased this product from or to Diamond. If you decide to return the product, you
must first call Diamond Technical Support and obtain an RMA as explained in the previous section.
You are responsible for paying shipping costs to Diamond.

Product failures not covered by this warranty:

This warranty covers defects in manufacture that arise from correct use in a home or office
environment. It does not cover damage caused by abuse, misuse, improper modification or repair,
moisture, corrosive environments, shipping, or high voltage surges from external sources such as
power line, telephone line, or connected equipment. This warranty also does not apply to any
product with an altered or defaced serial number.

Limits of liability:

We are only responsible for the repair of this product. We will not be liable to you or anyone else for
any damages that result from the failure of this product or from the breach of any express or
implied warranties. These include damage to other equipment, lost data, lost profits, or any
consequential, incidental, or punitive damages. IN NO EVENT WILL DIAMOND BE LIABLE

FOR ANY AMOUNT GREATER THAN THE CURRENTLY SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE
OF THIS PRODUCT. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or

consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

Our legal disclaimer:

THIS WRITTEN WARRANTY REPRESENTS THE ENTIRE WARRANTY AGREEMENT
BETWEEN DIAMOND AND YOU. THIS WARRANTY MAY NOT BE ALTERED IN ANY
WAY OTHER THAN IN WRITING BY AN OFFICER OF DIAMOND MULTIMEDIA. ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTIES THAT MAY EXIST INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE SHALL BE LIMITED IN DURATION TOA
PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS FROM ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE. NO WARRANTIES,
EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WILL APPLY AFTER THIS PERIOD. Some states do not

allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to
you.

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10

COMMUNICATION

STANDARDS

3

This section discusses the following topics:

• MODEM COMMUNICATION STANDARDS

• MODEM CONFIGURATIONS

• CONNECTION RATES

• ERROR CORRECTION AND DATA COMPRESSION

ONNECTION TYPES

• C

MODEM COMMUNICATION STANDARDS

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is an international organization which
establishes world wide standards (also referred to as protocols) for communications devices.

Protocols define the basic communication link between two modems — that is, the frequency of
tones they use and how they modulate the data.

Your modem supports the following communication protocols: Bell 103 and 212A, ITU V.21, V.22,
V.22bis, V.23 and V.32. Your modem may support additional protocols. (Issue the ATi10 command
from your software terminal mode to display the list of features your modem supports.) Additional
protocols may include: V.32bis (Feature #140), V.34 (Feature #153), V.80 (Feature #186), and
K56flex (Feature #203). The protocols used are determined by the type of modem you are
connecting to.

A unique set of protocols is supported for the U.S. and Canada: Bell 103 (300 bps) and Bell 212A
(1200 bps), named for the AT&T Bell Labs that developed them.

Almost everyone uses the ITU V standard protocols: V.21 (300 bps), and V.22 (1200 bps). At
connections of 2400 bps and faster, ITU standards are universal (given the necessary line conditions
and appropriate equipment support): V.22bis (for 2400 bps); V.32 (for 4800 and 9600 bps); V.32bis
(for 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000 and 14400 bps); and V.34 (for 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400,
16800, 19200, 24000, 26400, 28800, 31200 and 33600 bps). K56flex is used for 32,000, 34,000,
36,000, 38,000, 40,000, 42,000, 44,000, 46,000, 48,000, 50,000 52,000, 54,000 and 56,000 bps rates.

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You will probably use only one set of communication standards, unless you make international
calls.

MODEM CONFIGURATIONS

Factory Default, Active, and Stored

There are three types of modem configurations: factory default, active, and stored. (The stored
configuration Feature #120 is available only on certain modem models.)

Factory Default:

Before your modem left the factory, it was set up to act a certain way. For example, it returns
full-word Result Codes and waits for a dial tone before dialing. Factory configurations differ,
depending on what kind of computer you are using and whether you need error correction and

data compression. These settings comprise the “factory default configuration.”

The factory default configuration is stored in the modem’s permanent memory (called
firmware ROM). Whenever you turn on your modem, it loads the factory default configuration
into the active configuration area.

Active Configuration:

The active configuration is the one you use when you have your modem turned on. It is stored
in the modem’s temporary memory (called temporary RAM).

Changes made to the active configuration are lost when you turn the modem off. If you want
the changes to be in effect when you turn on the modem the next time, you can add any
changes from the factory defaults to your software initialization string. However, many
applications issue AT&F as part of their initialization, so even if you save your active profile,
the application’s initialization will reset the factory defaults.

Stored Configuration:

If you have a modem with a nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM), you can save the
active configuration. It becomes a stored configuration residing in the modem’s NVRAM.
(Issue the ATi10 command from your software terminal mode to display the list of features
your modem supports. NVRAM is Feature #120.)

Loading the Factory Configuration

To load the factory default configuration, issue AT&FØ (for IBM or compatible computers) or
AT&F1 (for Macintosh computers). This tells your modem to use AutoReliable mode, hardware

handshaking, and CONNECT XXXX messages that reflect the computer’s rate. (If you have
NVRAM, issue AT&W to store the configuration so it loads automatically when you turn on the
modem.) The factory default configuration works for most situations.

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The factory default configuration settings include other commands described below:

AT&FØ Load IBM (and all other computers except Macintosh) error correction/data compression

configuration. This command sets \N7.

If you need to set up your modem to make a direct connection, issue AT \N7.

Changing Your Active Configuration

Your modem’s AT commands let you change most of the active configuration settings by issuing
single commands. For example, ATL3 sets your speaker volume to high, and it stays set to high
until you reset or turn off the modem. The following AT commands are particularly useful:

• AT&FØ resets the active configuration to a preset factory default configuration. These settings
meet most users’ needs.

• AT&V or AT\S (Feature #146) displays the active configuration.

• AT&Wn (where n is profile Ø or 1) saves the active configuration in modems with memory.

• ATZn (where n is profile Ø or 1) resets the modem and loads the stored configuration from
profile Ø or 1. (Use ATZ for K56 modems.) Generally, this should be used at the end of the
initialization string because commands after it will not be read by the resetting modem.

The command ATSr? displays the value in S Register r. For example, ATSØ? reads S Register Ø
and displays three digits — ØØ4 if the value is 4.

The command ATSr=n writes the value n into S register r. Occasionally, you may need to change a
setting by issuing the ATSr=n command. The n must be a decimal integer from Ø to 255. For
example, the command ATSØ=4 [CR] sets register SØ to 4, which causes the modem to
automatically answer all incoming calls after the fourth ring. The modem replies with OK.

However, if you have a choice, use an AT command to change S Registers indirectly rather than
using the ATSr=n command.

Using AT Commands is addressed in Chapter 3. The AT Commands are published in Appendix B,
and the S Registers are published in Appendix C.

CONNECTION RATES

How the Modem Determines Connection Speed and Protocol

The modem first tries to connect to the remote modem at the highest rate it supports (56,000 bps).
If the remote modem can’t connect at your modem’s highest rate, your modem tries to connect at
the next highest rate (54,000 bps). If that doesn’t work, it continues trying the remaining supported
speeds, one at a time in descending order. This process is called fall back.

If error correction and data compression are enabled (they are when shipped), the modem next

13

tries to “negotiate” error correction and data compression protocols with the other modem. Your
modem tries protocols in the following order: first, error correction; then data compression, and
finally, neither error correction or data compression. The protocols used are the most powerful
protocols that both modems support.

Because your modem supports so many rates and protocols, the negotiation process can take several
seconds to complete. If it seems to take an extremely long time, you may be having line noise
problems. Refer to “Problems with High Speed Connections” in Chapter 10, Solving Problems.

Once connected, your modem sends your computer a Result Code that tells it the connection rate.
Depending on how your software handles the Result Code, you see either the Result Code on your
screen, or you see your software’s interpretation of it. Also depending upon how the modem is set,
the Result Code will show the connection rate between the two modems (DCE), or the rate at which
the computer is communicating with the modem (DTE).

ERROR CORRECTION AND DATA COMPRESSION

Your modem features error correction and data compression protocols that allow you to transmit
data fast and error-free.

Error Correction

For error correction, the modem breaks your transmission down into blocks of data (frames) and
calculates a checksum (the sum of all data bytes in the block). The block and its checksum are
transmitted. The receiving modem calculates a checksum on the received data block and compares
it with the received checksum. If these numbers are different, the data block was not transmitted
properly, and the receiving modem instructs the transmitting modem to resend the data.

Error correction is necessary for high speed communications. However, error correction will not
perform miracles on extremely noisy lines. If you have lots of errors, you may need to have your
telephone circuits checked or change long distance carriers.

Data Compression

To accomplish data compression, the sending modem analyzes the outgoing data for often repeated
patterns (such as the letters “A” and “E” in English text). It then assigns a shorter data code that
transmits faster than the original data. The more often the same data code occurs in the
transmission, the better compression the modem can achieve.

Certain file types such as text files and graphics screens are good candidates for optimal
compression. Files that have already been compressed with a program like Stuffit, PKZIP, or ARC
may see little or no performance improvement, because the files are already compressed.

Error Correction and Data Compression Standards

14

The error correction and data compression standards your modem supports include MNP 2-4 and
V.42 for error correction, and MNP 5 and V.42bis for data compression. MNP 5 offers a compression
rate of up to 2:1. MNP 5 connections also use MNP error correction.

V.42 is the ITU error correction protocol, also known as LAPM. V.42bis adds BTLZ data compression
to the V.42 protocol. It offers compression of up to 4:1. V.42bis connections require V.42 error
correction.

Both your modem and the remote modem must support the same data compression/error
correction standards if they are to make a data compressing/error correcting connection.

Using ZModem, XModem, or Pre-Compressed Files

Error Correction:
It is usually advantageous to use MNP 2-4 or V.42 error correction for ANY file transfer, regardless of
compression or software-based error correction standards such as Zmodem, Xmodem, etc. The error
correction standard strips start and stop bits from each character (to improve throughput) and
performs error correction on smaller chunks of data than software-based error correction standards.
Thus if an error does occur, less data has to be retransmitted, which takes less time.

V.42bis Data Compression (Mode Default)
V.42bis recognizes that there is no benefit to compressing software-compressed data further, so it
does not attempt to use V.42bis compression if no additional compression is possible. Use V.42bis
rather than MNP 5 whenever possible to receive these benefits.

For better performance, disable MNP 5 data compression (%C) when using an MNP Reliable
connection and transferring files that are already compressed by compression software such as ARC,
.ZIP, or StuffIt. When files compressed by these programs are transferred using MNP 5, the files may
take longer to transfer than files transferred using a Reliable connection and no data compression.

The default settings in your modem require the modem first attempt to establish a V.42/V.42bis
connection, and only attempt an MNP connection if the V.42/V.42bis connection is not possible.

CONNECTION TYPES

All Normal and Reliable connections use flow control, which allows your computer and modem
rates to be different. With Direct connections, the rates must be the same.

You can only use data compression if you have made an error-correcting connection (MNP or
LAPM) with another modem that supports data compression. MNP 5 is only used with MNP error
correction, and BTLZ is only used with LAPM error correction. If a data compression connection
cannot be made, or if data compression has been disabled, only error correction is attempted.

The commands for controlling connections (not to be used during an active connection) are listed
in AT Commands, under AT\N and AT&Qn.

15

16

USING AT COMMANDS AND

4

This section discusses the following topics:

• ISSUING AT COMMANDS

• COMMAND STATE AND ONLINE STATE

• ESCAPE CODE

• COMMAND LINE SYNTAX

RESULT CODES

• COMMAND LINE BUFFER

• RESULT CODES

When you use your telecommunications software to perform a task (such as dialing a phone

number), it uses the modem’s AT commands to perform the task. It is usually easier to let your
telecommunications software issue the commands for you than it is to issue the AT commands
yourself.

However, when your telecommunications software can not perform a task (or you don’t want it to),
you can issue the AT commands yourself. These commands can be used to perform various tasks,
from hanging up to changing your modem’s speaker volume.

Several chapters in this manual explain how to use the AT commands to accomplish specific tasks.
This chapter explains how the AT commands work. The commands are listed in AT Commands.

ISSUING AT COMMANDS

To issue AT commands, you must be in your software’s terminal mode — also called “local mode”
or “command mode.” In this mode, the commands you type go to the modem rather than to your
software or to the remote computer.

Some software uses terminal mode as soon as you start the program. To determine if you are in
terminal mode, type:

17

AT [CR]

([CR] represents a carriage return.)

If the modem responds with OK, it means that the modem has received and understood the
command. You are in terminal mode and ready to issue AT commands. If you are not in terminal
mode, refer to your software manual to determine how to get there.

COMMAND STATE AND ONLINE STATE

The modem operates in either command or online state:

• When you first turn your computer on, the modem is in command state. It must be in
command state to receive AT commands.

• When your modem connects to another modem, it automatically changes to the online state.
Your modem must be in the online state for data to be transmitted.

If you’re connected to a network, Bulletin Board System or other remote computer (i.e., you’re
online) you can transmit data, but you must change to command state to send AT commands.

To change from one state to the other, use one of the following methods.

• To change from online to command state, type the escape code (+++) as explained in the
next section.

• To change from command state to online state, issue the command ATO (go back on-line),
ATA (answer a call), or ATD (dial a number). Command Line Syntax is discussed in this
chapter. The AT commands are listed in Appendix B.

ESCAPE CODE

The escape code may be used while you are online to force the modem to the command state
without hanging up.

The escape code is a string of three ASCII plus signs (+++) preceded and followed by a one-second
“guard time” during which your hands must be off the keyboard. Do not transmit data for at least
one second. To issue the escape code when online, do the following:

1 Hands off keyboard. Do not transmit any data for a period equal to the guard time. (The

default setting for the guard time is one second.)

2 Typ e +++ quickly. DO NOT press Carriage Return[CR] or Enter when you finish.
3 Hands off again. Do not transmit any data for another period of time equal to the guard time.

18

The modem responds to these steps with OK (or Ø if in numeric result code mode). If it doesn’t,
either it received data during the guard time or the escape code was typed too slowly. The time
between each plus sign (“+”) in the escape code should not exceed the guard time.

The plus signs in the escape code can be changed to another ASCII character by changing the value
in Register S2. S Registers contains more information on setting S Registers.

COMMAND LINE SYNTAX

The prefix AT (“ATtention”) must start each command line except A/. The modem examines the AT
code to determine your computer’s serial port rate, parity, word length, and number of stop bits. It
then stores your current configuration in its memory.

Most multiple commands can appear on one command line. You can separate these with spaces to
improve readability if you like. (The modem ignores the spaces.)

Each command line (except A/) must end with a Carriage Return [CR]. The command is not acted
upon until the [CR] key is pressed. The following are valid examples:

AT DT 555-5055 [CR] (Dial a touch tone phone number.)

ATH [CR] (Hang up.)

AT &F &C1 &D2 &W [CR] (Configure modem to the following and store it to memory.)

A/ (Re-execute last command.)

Commands are executed in order, from left to right. If a command contradicts an earlier command,
the later command takes precedence.

Command Forms

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has made an effort to standardize the AT
command set for modems. Some of the resulting command forms are:

• Single character commands ( ATA)

• Simple extended commands with no parameters. These commands perform an action or print
reports (+GCAP)

• Complex extended commands with parameters (AT+MS)

The complex extended commands also have three forms. These forms allow you to:

• Change the current settings of the extended command (AT+[cmd]=<parameters>)

• View the current settings for an extended command (AT+[cmd]?)

• View the range for the command’s parameters (AT+[cmd]=?)

19

COMMAND LINE BUFFER

The modem places each command issued into a command buffer that holds up to 160 characters.
The modem does not place the AT, carriage return, or line feed characters into the buffer, so the

buffer’s 160 spaces only hold actual command characters (and any spaces between them). If a
command line contains more than 160 characters, the modem stops showing what you type on the
screen and it ignores further commands.

RESULT CODES

After the modem receives a command, it returns a result code. The most common result code is OK,
which means the modem understood your command.

Result codes can be represented by English words (verbose mode) or with numbers (numeric
mode). The Result Code command ATV tells the modem whether to respond with verbose or
numeric result codes. Words are preceded and followed by a carriage return and line feed
characters. Numbers are followed by a carriage return.

For more information, refer to the Result Codes list.

20

5

This section discusses the following topics:

• USING THE DIAL COMMAND

• STORING A TELEPHONE NUMBER

• DIALING A STORED TELEPHONE NUMBER

• AUTOMATIC PULSE DIALING

• DISABLING CALL WAITING

DIALING

Most of the time you will use your fax or data software to dial numbers, and you will not need the
information in this section. However, should you need to direct your software or do a custom setup,
this section provides some guidance.

Refer to your software documentation for instructions on using your software to dial numbers and
answer calls.

USING THE DIAL COMMAND

Your modem dials phone numbers when you give it the dial command (ATD) and a phone
number, either alone or with dial modifiers.

For pulse dial lines, the phone number must be an ASCII string containing the numbers Ø through

9. For touch tone dial lines, the phone number must be an ASCII string containing the numbers Ø

through 9 and the characters A, B, C, D, #, and *. The telephone number cannot exceed the size of
the command buffer (160 characters excluding the AT prefix, the carriage return control character,
and the line feed control character).

The modem uses the dial command modifiers (listed below) in the order it encounters them on the

21

command line, from left to right.

Command
Modifier

Command Definition

- ( ) To aid readability, spaces, hyphens and parentheses can be used in the

command line without affecting its function.

0-9 (any numeric digit) Causes the indicated digit to be dialed.

A-D (tone dial only) Causes the indicated symbol to be dialed.

J Perform MNP10 link negotiation at 1200 bps (for current call only).

L Dial last string dialed.

P Pulse dial the following digits. (Some country codes may not allow this

command after the first digit.)

Sn Use dialing string stored in register n (Ø to 3).

T Tone dial the following digits. (Some country codes may not allow this

command after the first digit.)

W Wait for dial tone before processing the next character in the dial string

(useful for PBX phone systems), within the time set in S6 and/or S7.

* Use the DTMF code for “star”.

# Use the DTMF code for “gate”.

& Wait for “bong” Credit Card billing tone (same as $).

$ Wait for “bong” Credit Card billing tone (same as &).

@ Wait for five seconds of silence before continuing.

, Pause for time specified in S Register 8 before processing the next character

in dial string.

! Hook flash (time specified by S29).

^ (Indicates a data connection.) Call originating pulse toggle. If it is normally

on in your country setting, it toggles OFF; if it is normally off, then the tone is
toggled ON (as in the case of the US country setting).

; Return to command state after dialing without going “on-hook” (must be

last character in the command line).

In the following command string example, your modem goes off-hook, waits for a dial tone, and
then touch tone dials the number 1-405-555-9624.

AT DT 1 [phone] [CR]

22

If your modem does not receive a valid carrier from the remote modem within 50 seconds (the
default value of register S7), your modem hangs up and sends the NO CARRIER Result Code (or

3 if in numeric mode). If the modem does receive a valid carrier within the time allowed, it sends a
CONNECT XXXX message indicating a connection has been made.

STORING A TELEPHONE NUMBER

If your modem has NVRAM (Feature #120) you can store up to four frequently called phone

numbers in your modem’s memory by using the &Zx=n command, where x is the modem’s
memory location and n is the number to store. (The number cannot exceed 36 characters.) The
value in x can be Ø, 1, 2, or 3, with x=Ø the default.

For example, this command string saves tone dialed number T555-9624 in location 1:

AT &Z1=T555-9624 [CR]

DIALING A STORED TELEPHONE NUMBER

To dial a stored number, use D with the Sx modifier. This command dials the number stored in
memory location x. For example, the following command dials the number in memory location 1:

AT DS1 [CR]

AUTOMATIC PULSE DIALING

If your local telephone system does not support touch tone dialing, the way your modem acts
depends on how it is configured.

If your dial string includes the P dial command modifier or you have previously issued the P
command, the modem will pulse dial.

If your dial string includes the T dial command modifier or you have previously issued the T
command, the modem will tone dial.

If your dial string does not include a P or T dial command modifier and you have previously issued
the T command, the modem does the following:

1 Listens for dial tone. (Note that changing the x command from its default can affect this step.)
2 Tone dials the first digit in the dial string.
3 Waits up to 3 seconds for the dial tone to end.
4 If the dial tone ends, the modem continues dialing.

If the dial tone does not end, the modem knows your phone system can only handle pulse
dialing (because the phone system did not process the tone-dialed first digit). So it switches to
pulse mode, pulse dials the first digit, and then pulse dials the rest of the number.

23

Note that this mode can cause problems with PBX systems — for example, systems where a 9 is
dialed to get a dial tone outside a company’s in-house phone system. Such systems deliver a second
dial tone after receiving the first digit.

With PBX and similar systems, include the T or P command in the dial string.

DISABLING CALL WAITING

If you have Call Waiting, we recommend that you disable it before using your modem. If you don’t
disable it and a call comes in while you are online, you may either lose data or be disconnected.
Please refer to your local telephone book or phone company for directions on how to do this. In
many locations, you can disable call waiting by placing *71 or *70 (followed by a comma to
pause the dialing command for two seconds) in the dial string, either just before or after the
number you are dialing. For example, you might use:

AT DT *71, 555-0000 [CR]

Call Waiting usually resumes immediately after you hang up, so you have to do this on each call. If
your software has a built-in dialing prefix (or macro) you can probably include this code so it is
used on every call.

24

ANSWERING

6

This section discusses the following topics:

• ANSWERING CALLS

• CALLER ID

Your modem can answer telephone calls and (with help from your data or fax software) manage
those calls appropriately. Under certain conditions, the modem can also tell you who is calling
before the call is answered.

Your fax and data software should be able to handle most answering tasks. This section discusses
the answering process and explains the basic techniques for answering incoming telephone calls.
This should help you set up your software and modem for optimal performance. For more
information on your software, refer to your software manuals.

ANSWERING CALLS

Your modem provides two ways to answer calls:

• You issue the ATA command (in terminal mode) when you detect an incoming call. This
makes the modem answer the call immediately. The modem goes online when it detects a
carrier.

• You set your modem to auto answer. In this case, your modem automatically answers all
incoming calls. This section explains how to use auto answer.

Your modem answers calls automatically (auto answer) if you set register SØ to a value from 1 to

255. This value is the number of rings the modem waits before it answers the call. (If you have

Caller ID, you need to add a ring. Refer to the Caller ID section.) The following example sets the
modem to answer calls after the second ring:

AT SØ=2 [CR]

If you set the modem to auto answer and your modem shares a line with a telephone, the modem
may answer calls before you can intercept it. Be careful with auto answer unless you have a
dedicated modem phone line. By default, auto answer is disabled.

25

If you plan to use your modem to run a Bulletin Board System (BBS), the BBS software should
automatically configure it for auto answer operation. If you think that you need to change it, refer
to your BBS software manual or contact the BBS software publisher for details on how your modem
should be set.

CALLER ID

Caller ID (Feature #142) is not available on all modem models. (The ATi10 command reports
which features your modem supports.)

What is Caller ID?

If you sign up for this service with your phone company, Caller ID allows you to find out who is
calling before you answer a telephone call. The phone company sends the following information in
between the first and the second rings of an incoming call. (This is why the ring count is off by one
ring.)

• the date and time of the call

• the phone number from which the call originated

• possibly a name associated with that phone number

The information displayed varies depending on your phone company and your software.

26

HIGH SPEED

COMMUNICATION

7

This section addresses some of the issues that you should be aware of as you work with modems that
communicate at speeds of 33,600 bps and above.

This section discusses the following topics:

• 56K MODEM TECHNOLOGY

• 33,600 BPS CONNECTIONS

• ASYMMETRIC DATA RATES

• SELECTING A MODULATION TO CONTROL HIGH SPEED

CONNECTIONS

• RATE RENEGOTIATION

• HARDWARE FLOW CONTROL

56K MODEM TECHNOLOGY

Communicating at 56,000 bps is the new lightning fast modem technology which offers the most
rapid transmission speeds available over ordinary phone lines. With 56K technology, you can surf
the Internet and explore web sites at up to twice the speed of 28,800 bps modems.

Current analog modems allow for a maximum data connection of 33,600 bps between two modems
or a single modem and an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The maximum theoretical transmission
rate across the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is roughly 35,000 bps.

This normal data transmission rate is described by Shannon’s Law which calculates the fastest
speeds at which data can flow across the twisted pair of copper wires between two analog sites. Your
ISP is connected to the phone company Central Office which converts the signals from analog to
digital upon receipt. This digital signal is transmitted through the PSTN to the Central Office
located near you. Then it is converted once again from digital to analog and delivered to your home
or office.

27

Recently, phone companies have begun to deliver a digital line (in the form of a T-1, equivalent to
48 voice lines) from their Central Office to the ISP. By upgrading ISP dial-up modems with a digital
connection to a T-1 line, one less analog to digital conversion is made between the ISP and their
Central office. This reduces the amount of error introduced into the transmission, and provides for
data rates up to 56,000 bps delivered to homes and offices from an ISP over standard copper twisted­pair lines.

56 Kbps Asymmetric Data Rates

Your 56K modem uses asymmetric data rates; the send and receive speeds differ. While your modem
is capable of receiving at a rate of 56,000 bps, the send rate is 33,600 bps or lower.

56 Kbps Requirements

For you to achieve 56 Kbps performance from your modem, your ISP must have these items in
place:

• a connection to their phone company using a digital link (i.e., a T-1 line)

• a modem rack which uses K56 flex technology (as listed by Rockwell).

33,600 BPS CONNECTIONS

Your modem supports 33,600 bps connections with modems from many different manufacturers.
However, it may be unrealistic to expect that you will always be able to achieve full 33,600 bps data
speeds every time you connect with another 33.6 Kbps modem. Line conditions, serial port speed
and other factors impact actual connection speeds.

Unlike earlier modems, 33,600 bps modems are designed to modify their actual transmission speeds
during a data connection; so a minor difference in the phone line can have a significant impact on
the connection. For example, during one attempt to make a connection, you might connect at only
24,000 bps while a later call on the same lines and to the same modem may result in a 33,600 bps
connection.

One reason for such variable results is that speeds of 33,600 bps are higher than normal analog
phone lines were designed to handle. Data communications of 33,600 bps are best achieved when
the phone lines between the two modems are of high quality and are free of limiting factors such as
line noise.

Another factor to keep in mind when you are attempting high speed communication is the modem
on the other end of your connection. While all 33.6 Kbps modems use the same core technology, not
all of them may be as capable as yours. If you are unable to achieve the top data speeds, it may be
that the modem to which you are connecting is adjusting the speed down because it is unable to
communicate at top speed.

The slowdown may also be because the computer at the other end of the connection is not capable
of the highest speeds.

28

Problem issues such as serial port speed, slow downloads, multitasking, and line noise are discussed
in Solving Problems.

ASYMMETRIC DATA RATES

A connection where the carrier rates can be different in each direction is referred to as

“Asymmetric.” Many K56flex and V.34 modems have the ability to use the “best match” carrier rate
in each direction. Thus the modem can use the highest possible stable carrier rate in each direction,
rather than using the lower stable rate for both directions. Each modem is responsible for
negotiating for the fastest speed at which it can receive data, given current line conditions.

Your modem provides for the use of asymmetric data rates, so the send and receive speeds may be
different. If the conditions in one direction do not match those in the other direction, your modem
will adjust its operation to achieve the best rate in each direction. The modem will attempt to
establish the fastest stable carrier rate(s) possible for the current phone line conditions. Without
asymmetric rates, problems with the modem or the line quality on either side will affect the
performance in both directions.

SELECTING A MODULATION TO CONTROL
H

IGH SPEED CONNECTIONS

If your modem uses the V.34 or K56flex protocol, you can display and control the modulation your
modem uses to negotiate a connection by entering the AT+MS command.

Displaying Supported Values

A variation of the AT+MS command allows you to display supported values and selected values.
Issue AT+MS=?[CR] to display the values supported by your modem. The modem displays a list
of values in the following order:

[supported <mod> values], [supported <automode> values],
[supported <minimum rate> values], [supported <maximum rate> values]

The modem response might look like this:

+MS: (V21, V22, V22B, V23C, V32, V32B, V34, K56, B103, B212), (Ø, 1), (300 - 56000), (300 -

56000) (Ø, 1)

Setting Values with the AT+MS Command

The AT+MS command allows you to select a specific modulation, enable or disable automode, and
specify the highest and lowest connection rates for your modem.

The command format for AT+MS is:

AT+MS = <mod>,<automode>,<min rate>,<max rate> [CR]

29

For example, to set your modem to operate as a V.32bis modem, enter:

AT+MS = V32b,1,9600,14400[CR]

You can leave a parameter at its current value by leaving that parameter’s place blank and entering
a comma to separate the parameters or by entering a carriage return ([CR]) if it is the last
parameter.

For example, to change the selected modulation from the setting shown above
(AT+MS=V32b,1,9600,14400) to a Default mode of full V34, VFC, V32bis, V22bis, Bell 212,
and Bell 103, enter:

AT+MS=V34,,300,[CR]

Displaying Selected Values

You can use AT+MS? to display the values you selected with the AT+MS command. The modem
displays the selected values in the following order:

<mod>,<automode>,<min rate>,<max rate>

For example, if you enter AT+MS?[CR], your modem might display +MS:
K56,1,300,56000,0,0.

This display means that the values currently selected on your modem are V.34 with automode
enabled. The minimum rate is set at 300 bps, and the maximum rate is set at 56,000 bps.

The <mod> Parameter

To specify a preferred modulation, enter the “Verbose” modulation setting from the <mod>
column of the following table.

<mod>
Numeric

0 V21 V.21 300

1 V22 V.22 1200

2 V22B V.22bis 2400 or 1200

3 V23C V.23

9 V32 V.32 9600 or 4800

10 V32B V.32bis 14400, 12000, 9600, 7200, or 4800

11 V34 V.34 33600, 31200, 28800, 26400, 24000, 21600,

<mod>
Verbose

Protocol Possible

Rates (bps)

2

1200

19200, 16800, 14400, 12000, 9600, 7200, 4800, or
2400

1

30

<mod>
Numeric

56 K56flex 56000, 54000, 52000, 50000, 48000, 46000,

64 B103 Bell 103 300

69 B212 Bell 212 1200

<mod>
Verbose

1 See optional <automode>, <minimum rate>, and <maximum rate>
parameters.
2 For V.23, originating modes transmit at 75 bps and receive at 1200 bps;
answering modes transmit at 1200 bps and receive at 75 bps. The rate is
always specified as 1200 bps.

Protocol Possible

Rates (bps)

44000, 42000, 40000, 38000, 36000, 34000, 32000

1

The modem accepts either numeric or verbose selections, but reports only in the verbose mode.

The <automode> Parameter

The <automode> (automatic modulation negotiation) parameter is an optional numeric value
that enables or disables automatic modulation negotiation. There are modulations for which
automatic negotiation is not available, such as Bell 212.

The default value, 1, enables automode. This allows the modem to “fall back” to other protocols
within the specified <minimum rate> and <maximum rate> range for which standard automode
procedures exist. For example, failed V.34 connection attempts can automode to other protocols, but
a Bell 103 connection attempt cannot automode to V.23.

The following table displays the available automode options:

<automode> Option Selected Notes

0 Automode disabled

1 Automode enabled using V.8 or

V.32bis Annex A

Default

Setting <automode>

If you set <automode> to 1, and you are using the default settings, your modem attempts to
connect at the highest possible rate and protocol using either V.8 or V.32bis Annex A. If your modem
cannot make a connection at that speed, it automatically negotiates the rate downward until a
connection is made. For example, if you issue the command AT+MS=V32B,1,1200,14400 the
modem starts negotiating the rate downward from V.32bis 14400 bps if a connection is not made.

If you set <automode> to zero, and if a V.32bis connection cannot be made, the modem will not try
a V.22bis connection. For example, if you give the command AT+MS= V32,0,1200,4800 the
modem will try all speeds of V.32, but will not try the next lower protocol (i.e. V.22bis 2400 bps.)

31

The <minimum rate> Parameter

The <minimum rate> is an optional number that specifies the lowest rate at which the modem
may establish a connection. The default is 300 bps.

The <maximum rate> Parameter

The <maximum rate> is an optional number that specifies the highest rate at which the modem
may establish a connection. The default is 56,00 bps.

NOTE — Minimum and maximum rates are based on the <mod> parameter. If you issue

+MS=V32,1,300,33600 the maximum rate at which you can actually connect is 9600, as
shown in the “Possible Rates” column in the previous <mod> Parameter table.

The <x-law> Parameter

The <x-law> is an optional number which specifies the codec type. The options are:
Ø = u -Law
1 = A-Law
Note that ATZ will reset the <x_Law> selection to Ø (u-Law).

The <rb-signaling> Parameter

The <rb_signaling> is an optional number which enables or disables “robbed bit” signaling
generation in a server modem or enables or disables robbed bit signaling detection in a client
modem. The options are:

Ø = Robbed bit signaling generation (server modem) or detection (client modem) disabled
(default)
1 = Robbed bit signaling generation (server modem) or detection (client modem) enabled

Note that ATZ will reset the <rb_signaling> selection to Ø (disabled).

Factors that Affect the AT+MS Stored Settings

The AT+MS command has one active setting and one stored setting. It is possible to inadvertently
change the stored setting of AT+MS. If AT+MS’s maximum speed is changed, it remains at the

lower rate until you reset it.

If you drop your DTE rate to a slow rate, as long as you do not issue an AT&W at the slower setting,
you need only to issue an ATZ after increasing the DTE rate again to reset the maximum speed.

32

RATE RENEGOTIATION

Modems with Rate Renegotiation provide special commands and S registers for manipulating the
rates at which your modem can connect. To determine if your modem supports this feature, issue

the command ATi10, and look for Enhanced Carrier Modulation Control.

HARDWARE FLOW CONTROL

Hardware Handshaking Cable for Flow Control on External
Modems

To communicate at high speeds using external modems, it is CRITICAL that you use a cable with

“RTS/CTS Hardware Handshaking” (such as the one supplied with your modem). With error
correction and data compression, the modem can send data to the computer faster than the
computer can accept it. When this happens, the computer tells the modem to slow down. Similarly,
if data is not sent correctly to the modem and needs to be resent, the modem needs to be able to tell
the computer to wait. This is called “flow control” or “handshaking” and helps to prevent data
from being lost.

How to Get a Hardware Handshaking Cable

If your modem didn’t come with a cable or you’ve lost your cable, your local dealer should be able
to provide you with one that supports hardware handshaking. When you ask for a new cable, be
careful to specify that it needs to support hardware handshaking. If your modem came with a cable,
it supports hardware handshaking.

Using Hardware or Software Flow Control

Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control rather than software (XON/XOFF) flow control because
the results are generally faster and more reliable.

To enable hardware flow control:

1 Use a hardware handshaking cable.
2 Use your software to turn ON hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control. This should automatically

turn OFF software (XON/XOFF) flow control, but you may need to use your software to
manually turn off software (XON/XOFF) flow control.

3 Issue the &K3 command to turn ON hardware flow control in the modem.(This is the default;

both &FØ and &F1 include &K3.)

4 Issue the &W command to save the setting.

33

34

VOICE FEATURES

8

This section applies only to products with voice capabilities. In a terminal program (for example

HyperTerm that’s part of Windows 95 and 98), issue the command ATi92.Use the table to determine
your modem’s capabilities.

SUP 2260 Voice

SUP 2350 Data/Fax only

SUP 2370 Voice & Speakerphone

This chapter includes the following topics:

• VOICE COMMANDS

• HALF DUPLEX/FULL DUPLEX AUDIO

• VOICE MESSAGING

• SPEAKERPHONE AND TELEPHONE ANSWERING DEVICE FEATURES

VOICE COMMANDS

The following AT commands are used to control your modem’s voice capabilities. As with other AT
commands, three command forms are available. You can use these forms to:

• View the range for the command’s parameters (AT+cmd]=?)

• View the current settings (AT+[cmd]?)

• Change the current settings (AT+[cmd]=<parameters>)

35

#CLS Data, Fax or Voice/Audio Select

The AT#CLS=x command selects data, fax, or voice/audio. The x parameter selects the mode.

x Mode/Notes

Ø Data mode. Similar to +FCLASS=Ø. Also used during a disconnect or

inactivity timeout to ensure that the modem is in a known state despite
disorderly DTE behavior.

1 Class 1 fax mode. Similar to +FCLASS=1. Instructs the modem to be a

Class 1 faxmodem. Once this is set, the +FAE or the +FAA command can
be used to force Class 1 adaptive answers.

2 Class 2 fax mode. Instructs the modem to be a Class 2 faxmodem. Once

this is set, the +FAA command can be used to force Class 2 adaptive
answers.

8 Voice/Audio mode. This is the main setting the DTE uses to effect

directed or adaptive answer or originate sequences involving voice
modes. All telephone calls initialized by #CLS=8 result (after answer or
successful call progress) in the modem entering Online Voice
Command Mode.

#VLS Voice Line Select

The #VLS command selects which devices are routed through the modem.

AT
Command

#VLS? Returns the current setting of the #VLS command as an ASCII

#VLS=? Requests a report of the device types available.

#VLS=Ø (Default.) Telephone line with telephone handset.

#VLS=1 Transmit/Receive device (other than telephone line.)

#VLS=2 Transmit Only device. Normally the onboard speaker

#VLS=3 Receive Only Device. Normally the microphone.

#VLS=4 Telephone line with Speaker ON and handset.

#VLS=5 Telephone Emulation.

#VLS=6 Speakerphone.

#VLS=7 Mute the local handset during phone conversation; music on

Notes

decimal value in result code format.

Hold.

36

#VLS=8 Record a handset conversation on phone line

AT
Command

#VLS=9 Record/Playback from handset through sound chip.

Notes

#VRN Ringback Never Came Timer

The #VRN command is used when originating a voice/audio call (AT#CLS=8) to set the

“Ringback Never Came” timer value, i.e., an amount of time (in units of 100 ms) measured
from the completion of dialing. If ringback is not detected within this period, the modem
assumes the remote has picked up the line and switches to Online Voice Command Mode.

The format for #VRN is: AT#VRN=n

AT Command Notes

#VRN? Returns the current setting of the #VRN command as an

ASCII decimal value in result code format.

#VRN=Ø Turns off the Ringback Never Came Timer. After dialing,

the modem sends VCON and immediately enters Online
Voice Command Mode.

#VRN=n Where n defines the time period without ringback after

dialing in 100 ms units.

HALF DUPLEX/FULL DUPLEX AUDIO

You can use your modem as a speakerphone if you have speakerphone support, and you have
installed speakers and a microphone. This allows you to conduct hands free two-way dialing and
speaking. Using your headset, you can dial and converse without taking your hands from the
keyboard. Using speakerphone, you can place a call and listen to its progress without lifting the
telephone handset and holding it to your ear -- useful for those long waits on Hold.

To determine if you have speakerphone support, issue ATi10 from terminal mode. Hands Free
Phone support is Feature #176. Hands Free Phone support provides speakerphone functions in half
duplex audio. Most speakerphone circuits are half duplex. They are designed to transmit in only
one direction at a time, so the person talking gets the line.

If you have Feature #177, your modem supports a Full Duplex Speakerphone. Full duplex
speakerphone circuits allow for simultaneous two-way communications, which provide more
natural communication without broken audio.

VOICE MESSAGING

You can use your modem as an answering machine after you install the voice software that was
shipped with your modem. Depending upon your modem model, you can record and play back

37

messages using the telephone handset or using the microphone and speakers. Refer to the AT#VLS
command.

NOTE — For the highest sound quality, you should select powered speakers with a high input

impedance to use with your modem. The source impedance should be greater than 1K ohms, and
the output rated at .8VRMs. If a speaker with lower source impedance is used, the modem's ability to
connect with other modems may be compromised.

SPEAKERPHONE AND TELEPHONE ANSWERING

EVICE FEATURES

D

Your modem may support use of a Telephone Answering Device (TAD). Refer to the AT#VLS
command, and consult the manual for the voice/speakerphone software on the CD-ROM that came
with your modem.

38

9

This section discusses the following topics:

• ITU STANDARDS FOR GROUP 3

• CLASS 1 FAX STANDARDS

• FONTS FOR FAXING

• RESOURCES FOR FAX PROGRAMMERS

FAX FEATURES

ITU STANDARDS FOR GROUP 3

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is an international standards committee.
Their world wide communication standards (also known as protocols) make it possible for devices
such as fax machines and faxmodems to communicate with each other.

Group 3 specifies image resolution, complex data compression, and other features such as
connection rates. The majority of fax devices in use today support Group 3.

Group 3 includes three ITU-T protocols that allow fax communication at specific connection rates:
V.17, V.29, and V.27ter. V.17 defines communication at various speeds up to a maximum of 14,400
bps. V.29 defines speeds up to 9600 bps, and V.27ter defines speeds up to 4800 bps. Most fax
machines today communicate at 9600 bps, technological advances and the proliferation of
faxmodems supporting V.17 has made 14,400 bps fax connections more common.

A connection begins when your modem answers a call from another modem, and ends when either
modem disconnects. Because of negotiation, the process of making a connection might take several
seconds after dialing. High Speed Communication describes the negotiation process.

CLASS 1 FAX STANDARDS

Class 1 is the command set used by fax software to control a modem. The fax commands are
invisible to you when you use fax software, and most software automatically determines which class

39

to use. To determine which fax standard is supported by your modem, issue the ATi10 command
from your terminal software. Fax Standard Class 1 is Feature #101.

If you need help installing your fax software, refer to your fax software manual.

FONTS FOR FAXING

To ensure the best quality fax output, it is important to use both screen and printer fonts, and, if
applicable, to also use Adobe Type Manager (ATM)® or TrueType®. A common problem is selecting

a font that is built into your printer for which you have a Screen font, but not a Printer font. The
type looks fine on your screen, but will be faxed in block letters because it uses the Screen font to
create each character. The solution is to use a font with both Printer and Screen fonts, or to obtain
the printer font you need.

RESOURCES FOR FAX PROGRAMMERS

Available fax software should provide all the fax functions most users need. However, if you are an
advanced programmer and want to write fax software, you can obtain information about fax
commands by searching International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T) and/or
Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) web sites, or from the following source.

ITU and TIA publications can be purchased from:

Global Engineering Documents
2805 McGraw Ave.
Irvine, CA 92714

The telephone number is [phone]. Additional phone numbers are: 1-[phone] in
the U.S. and 1 [phone] outside the U.S.

The PC-specific fax driver and utilities (for both DOS and Windows) are available for license by
faxing a request to Developer Relations at Thought Communications, Inc. The fax number is:
[phone]. Request the Fax Application Programming Interface (FAPI).

40

10

This section applies only to products with video standard capabilities. It includes the following
topics:

• V.80 STANDARD

• VIDEO COMMUNICATION STANDARD

V.80 STANDARD

VIDEO FEATURES

V.80 is the ITU standard that defines the control of data from the modem. The section on 8-bit
commands defines a way for an asynchronous DTE (such as your PC) to control a synchronous bit
stream (such as video) on the modulating carrier (such as a standard phone line). Thus, the V.80
standard makes video phone communication possible over standard phone lines by directing the
modem how to convert video phone data from synchronous to asynchronous mode for transmission
across analog telephone lines.

In addition to video phone capability, the V.80 standard also provides the AT+ES Error Control
Selection. Refer to the AT+ commands section of the AT Command list (Appendix B) for additional
information on +ES commands.

VIDEO COMMUNICATION STANDARD

As with previous ITU standards, V.80 is an enormously complex protocol document, containing
many subsections and definitions. The video communication standards are specifically identified as
H.323 and H.324.

41

42

11

This section discusses the following topics:

• CHECK YOUR EQUIPMENT AND CONFIGURATION

• IS THE MODEM RECOGNIZED BY THE OPERATING SYSTEM?

• IS THE MODEM RESPONDING IN THE MODEM PROGRAM?

• IS THE MODEM CONNECTING TO THE DEVICE ON THE OTHER

END?

SOLVING PROBLEMS

• TO UNINSTALL YOUR MODEM

This section is designed to help you solve the common problems you might encounter with your

modem. Additional information is available in the Technical Support Wizard on Diamond’s web
site. To get to the searchable Technical Support Wizard, go to http://www.diamondmm.com and
select the Support Wizard under “Support.”

To use the information in this section, follow these steps:

1 Try the suggestions in “Check Your Equipment and Configuration.”
2 Scan the text in the section that pertains to your situation until you find a problem description

similar to yours.

3 Try using the possible solutions. It is most helpful to keep notes on what you try and what result

you get.

4 If the problem persists, scan the other sections. Certain solutions can be indicated by a number

of different problems; and similarly, many problems have more than one solution. Try each
solution that fits your situation before calling Technical Support.

5 If you do not find a satisfactory resolution, you may need to contact Technical Support. Refer to

your notes when you send email or call.

43

CHECK YOUR EQUIPMENT AND

ONFIGURATION

C

For external modems, check that the power supply is installed and connected. Try completely
disconnecting and then reconnecting the modem.

If reinstalling your modem does not solve the problem, issue AT&FØ&W to the modem in a
terminal program to return the modem to one of the factory default configurations (as discussed in
Communication Standards). This may solve problems caused while trying to reconfigure the
modem.

IS THE MODEM RECOGNIZED BY THE
O

PERATING SYSTEM?

Windows 95 Issues

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:

Solution:

Modem was installed, but Win 95 did not announce that it had found new hardware.
Check that your modem is installed in the proper slot, or install it into a different slot. Clean the

Device Manager and restart Win95.

Your modem does not configure properly or does not work consistently.

All serial devices need to be reconfigured. To clean your Device Manager:
1 In Windows 95, click Start, choose Settings and select Control Panel. Double click the System

icon and go to the Device Manager.

2 Click on Modems in Device Manager. Remove all modems listed by selecting one, clicking on

Remove, then repeating for each modem until they are all removed. When you remove an
item, Windows 95 provides a warning. Click OK when the warning appears.

3 Click on Ports in Device Manager. Remove all the COM ports except those which are enabled.

To remove a COM port, select it and click Remove. If you are not sure which ports are enabled,
leave COM1 and COM2 present.

4 In Device Manager, if you have an item called Unknown Devices or Other Devices, remove all

entries in this section by selecting one, clicking Remove, then repeating until they are all gone.
When you remove an item, Windows 95 provides a warning. Click OK when the warning
appears.

44

5 Return to the Control Panel and select Modems. Remove any modems which may be defined. If

you get the Add New Hardware Wizard, click Cancel and go to the next step.

6 Select Start and choose Shutdown. Turn off your computer.
7 Turn your computer back on. Windows 95 should automatically detect the "new" hardware

and reconfigure any serial devices. Your modem configures properly.

8 Windows 95 should then prompt for a driver. Select Driver from Hardware Manufacturer and

insert the Install Disk provided with the modem. Windows 95 loads the proper driver for the
modem.

Problem:

Solution:

In some situations, Windows 95 may fail to detect enabled COM ports and assigns your modem to a
COM port that is in use by the system. In this case everything appears fine in Device Manager but in
Control Panel: Modems: Diagnostics: More Info, communication is not established with your
modem.

Check your communications driver by clicking on the Driver button while in the Diagnostics screen
of the Modem Control Panel. It should read "The communications driver is comm.drv". If it reads
otherwise, such as rhsicomm.drv or twcomm.drv, find the "comm.drv=" line at the top of your
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM.INI file and change it to read "comm.drv=comm.drv". Save, Exit, and
Reboot.

The following steps can be used to determine your port address and reinstall your modem. However,
it is recommended that you contact Technical Support before using Debug.

1 Select Start and chose Shutdown. Turn off your computer.
2 Remove your modem from the computer.
3 Turn your computer back on. When the words Starting Windows 95 appear, press the F8 key.
4 From the Startup Menu select Safe Mode Command Prompt Only.
5 (Note: Do not use Debug Mode without Technical Assistance.) At the DOS prompt

type DEBUG [CR].

6 At the dash type D40:0L8 [CR]. A line of information appears. Record all the numbers.

0040:0000 F8 03 F8 02 00 00 00 00

To interpret the returned numbers, start with those after the four consecutive zeros. The ports
are identified by the following Addresses:

Port Address

1 F8 03

2 F8 02

3 E8 03

4 E8 02

7 Type Q[CR] to return to DOS.
8 Turn off the computer and install your modem.
9 Turn your computer on. Click Start, choose Settings and select Control Panel.
10 Click Add New Hardware. Make the following selections after double clicking the Add New

Hardware Wizard:

45

• Click Next.

• Check No and click Next.

• Select Ports and click Next.

• The Manufacturer is Standard Port Types and the Model is Communications Port. Click

Next.

• An I/O Range displays. If the I/O range does not match what Debug showed, note the

address and then click Next.

•Click Finish.

• When you are asked to shut down, select No.

11 If a port in the previous step did not get the proper address, reset the address in Device Manager.

• From the Control Panel, select System, select Device Manager and click on Ports. Double

click the specific port, select Resources and uncheck Use automatic settings. Change the
resources being used. The Basic Configuration may need to be changed in order to be able
to change the resources.

12 Once the appropriate number of ports have been added, remove any modems defined in Device

Manager, shut down Windows 95 and turn off your computer. Restart the computer. Your
modem configures properly.

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:Problem:

Solution:

Your modem still does not work after completing the above steps.

The resources may need to be changed manually.

1 In Windows 95, select Start, choose Settings and select Control Panel. Select the System icon

and go to the Device Manager.

2 Click on Modem.
3 Click on Ports. Double click the specific port, select Resources and uncheck Use automatic

settings. IRQ settings to try are 10, 11, 12 or 15. The Basic Configuration may need to be
changed in order to change the assigned IRQ.

IRQ 5 and IRQ 10 are frequently used by soundcards, IRQ 15 is used by CD-ROMs or network cards,
and IRQ 12 by PS/2 style mice. Several different Basic Configurations may need to be tested before
getting an appropriate configuration.

Software cannot access your modem on COM 5.
Refer to the earlier solution under “Your modem does not configure properly or does not work

consistently”. Software designed for Windows version prior to Windows 95 may only support COM
ports 1-4.

46

If there are four COM ports in the system or three COM ports and a video card based on the S3
chipset (which uses the 02E8, COM 4, address), then there is nothing you can do to avoid having
your modem configure to COM 5, except disable a COM port so your modem can reconfigure to a
lower COM port.

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:

Your modem does not work on COM 1.

In this situation, COM 1 has been disabled but your modem still does not work or does not work
properly. Even when you disable the port in the BIOS setup, Win95 may still assume it is a port
which wants to use the default IRQ 4 and 3F8h settings and not allowing your modem to use those
resources.

1 In Windows 95, click Start, select Settings and choose Control Panel. Double click the System

icon and select Device Manager.

2 Select Ports.
3 Select COM 1 and click on Properties.
4 Uncheck the checkbox for Original Configuration and click OK.
5 Select Start and choose Shut down. Turn off your computer.
6 Turn on your computer.

Check your changes in Device Manager. COM 1 now has a red X indicating Windows 95 does not
reserve resources for the device, leaving IRQ 4 available for your modem

Installing multiple Plug and Play modems

Solution:

You can install multiple Plug and Play modems in one computer and use the standard COM ports
1-4 and none of Windows 95 virtual COM 5-9 ports.

If you have multiple Plug and Play devices in one machine, unchecking the Use Automatic Settings
box in Device Manager by itself does not take the modem out of Automatic Settings mode. The
modem must be moved to a different basic configuration before the Use Automatic Settings will stay
unchecked. Take the modem to a higher numbered basic configuration that leaves the modem at
the same I/O range and IRQ, and then add the second modem.

The following procedure works when a computer has no Plug and Play devices and COM 2 was
disabled with a serial mouse on COM 1.

1 Install the first Plug and Play modem and boot your computer.
2 Windows 95 finds your modem and prompts for the driver from manufacturer’s disk. Insert the

Plug and Play Utility disk and Windows installs the appropriate driver.

3 Click Start, select Settings and choose Control Panel. Double click the System icon and choose

Device Manager.

47

4 Make sure only the mouse COM port is listed under Ports.
5 Click on the plus sign (+) next to Modem.
6 Double click on the Plug and Play modem (or Plug and Play modem #2, etc.).
7 Click on the Resources tab to check the IO Address and IRQ.

Assuming COM 1 as the only port active in the computer, your modems should be assigned the
following I/O ranges:

Modem # I/O Range

1 02F8-02FF

2 03E8-03EF

3 02E8-02EF

8 Uncheck the Use automatic settings box.
9 Click Start, select Settings and choose Control Panel. Double click the Modems icon and select

Diagnostics. Select COM 2 and click on More Info.

10 Verify that your modem responds, shut down your computer and add the next modem.

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:

Solution:

Repeat steps until all modems are configured and work properly.

IS THE MODEM RESPONDING IN THE MODEM
P

ROGRAM?

Your software is not working properly.
Verify that the correct COM port and modem choice was selected. Then test the modem in a terminal

program, Hyperterminal, or MoreInfo in the Win95 Modem Diagnostic. If these work, or the modem
works in other software, refer to your software manual for assistance.

Your computer is not sending data to your modem, as determined with the SD or RD light on
external modems.

The modem and computer are not connected properly. Check the connections, and make sure the
RS-232C cable is plugged into the correct computer port.

or

Make sure that the data is going to the correct serial port. Your computer may have other serial ports

for your printer, mouse, etc.; some software requires you identify the serial port you’re using. Or
your computer’s serial port is not working properly. Contact your local computer dealer for
assistance.

48

Problem:

You have installed your internal modem but it does not respond at all or it seems to work
intermittently.

Solution:

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:

Solution:

With PCs, suspect COM port and IRQ conflicts.

What you type does not appear on the screen.

Enable command echo by issuing the ATE1 command. Alternately, you may be able to turn on
Local Echo in your software.

Two letters appear on the screen for every one you type while in the command state.

Disable command echo by issuing the ATE command. You can also solve this problem by using
your telecommunications software to change your computer setting to full duplex operation.

You type AT followed by a carriage return and the modem does not acknowledge it with the OK.
result code.

You are not in the command state. Enter the escape code (+++) to switch from online state to
command state.

or

Your computer is set to a rate other than 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 19,200, 38,400, 57,600, or 115,200.
Use your software to change your computer rate to one of these rates.

Problem:

Solution:

or Result Codes may be disabled. Issue the ATQ command.

or your computer’s serial port is not working properly (external modems only). Contact your local

computer dealer for assistance.

You type AT followed by a carriage return and the modem returns a Ø.

Your modem is set to use numeric result codes instead of verbose result codes. Use ATZ or issue
AT&F. If this solution does not solve your problem, contact Technical Support for assistance.

IS THE MODEM CONNECTING TO THE DEVICE

ON THE OTHER END?

Refer to your Getting Started manual, along with Communication Standards in this
Reference Manual for information on modem connections.

49

Compatibility With Other Modems

Your modem has been tested with most major brands of modems, and all of these modems work
properly with the protocols your modem supports. If you cannot make a connection and you
suspect the remote modem might be the source of the problem, consider the following:

• The remote modem might need a firmware upgrade if it was purchased some time ago. Several
pioneers in the high-speed modem business have released upgrades to fix compatibility
problems with early units.

• If the remote modem is a 2400 bps modem that does not support error correction/data
compression, it may not allow enough time for the negotiation process. Try turning off
correction/compression by issuing the &UØ command.

Problem:

Solution:

If you get a NO DIAL TONE result code or you cannot get your modem to dial, one of the following
may be the situation:

Your telephone line is plugged into the wrong jack. Make sure that your telephone line is plugged
into LINE and your (optional) telephone is plugged into PHONE.

or

You have too many devices on the line. Try unplugging other phone devices connected to your
phone line. You might also try adding an X to the end of your initialization string.

or

Your Digital or PBX does not support modems. Your PBX system must be equipped with standard
analog lines for your modem.

or

Your modem may not recognize the dial tone if you are not in the USA. Set the modem to the proper
country code (if your modem supports Feature #120). Or try adding an X to the end of your
initialization string.

or

The modem uses the inside two wires on the phone cable. If you have a multiline phone system,
your modem will not get the dial tone signal over the outside two wires.

50

or

If you have a voicemail system that gives you a stuttering dial tone to indicate new messages, then
the modem should be set to ignore dial tone. Include several commas before the phone number to
help the modem dial properly.

or

Your modem may have suffered damage from a recent power surge or an electrical storm. Contact
Technical Support.

Problem:

You are having trouble making a Reliable connection.

Solution:

One of the following may be the solution:

Your modem is not set to make a Reliable connection. Issue AT&F or issue AT\N7.
Communication Standards and Result Codes provide more information.

or

The remote modem does not support MNP or V.42. A Reliable connection is not possible in this case.

or

The remote modem supports MNP or V.42, but it is not in Reliable mode. Have the remote modem
operator change to Reliable mode.

or

The remote modem supports MNP or V.42 and either gets confused by the length of time your

modem takes to “negotiate” the connection or confuses negotiation characters with the remote
computer’s log-in sequence. In this case, issue AT\N (Normal) to disable error correction and data
compression, and then dial again.

or

The telephone line quality is so poor and noisy that it interferes with the negotiation process. A
variety of factors can cause line noise. You can try to make a Normal connection.

Problem:

Solution:

Problem:

Solution:

Your modem is not recognizing busy signals, or your modem is interpreting other signals from the
remote location as busy signals

Be sure the country code is set properly. (Feature #120, if your modem supports it). Be sure your
modem is set to recognize dial tone and busy signal by adding an X2 to the end of your
initialization string. Contact Technical Support for assistance.

You have connected to a remote modem but your computer has frozen up or all you see on your
screen are garbage characters.

You have made a Direct connection, but your computer and modem are using different rates. Use
your software to change the computer rate so it matches the connection rate given in the CONNECT
result code.

or

Your computer and the remote modem are set to different data bits (word length), parity, and
number of stop bits. The most common are 8 data bits (8-bit word length), no parity, and 1 stop bit
(8, none, 1). Change these settings in your software.

or

Your computer and the remote modem are set to different terminal types. Change these settings in
your software.

51

or

Your computer’s serial port is not working properly. Contact your local computer dealer for
assistance.

or

You have selected hardware or software flow control on the modem (using AT&K3 or AT&K4),
but not in your software. Both your hardware and software must be set to use the same type of flow
control. If your software does not allow you turn flow control on and off, it either handles flow
control automatically, or it does not support flow control. In this case, obtain software that supports
flow control, or disable flow control by issuing the AT command.

Problem:

Solution:

You can connect but then can’t communicate with the remote modem.

or

You can connect but then the modems disconnect for no apparent reason. Or you can connect but
then the modem speed drops unexpectedly.

Your modem is designed to communicate at high speeds, but many factors contribute to the actual
speeds you achieve during communication sessions. Line noise, slow downloading, and
multitasking can be contributing factors.

Line Noise

Line noise is frequently a source of problems with high speed modem connections. The following
discussion provides an overview of potential problems with suggestions for troubleshooting.

Line noise is not a common cause of problems during fax calls. If it is, one of the following may
occur:

• Your modem is able to connect, but fax transmissions are flawed (unreadable faxes, missing
sections).

• Your modem connects but then disconnects unexpectedly.

52

If you think you are having fax line noise problems, try getting a clearer connection by redialing. If
that doesn’t help, wait a while and try redialing again. This should solve the problem. If necessary,
and if your fax software allows it, you can also try using your fax software to set your fax
transmission rate lower.

With data calls, line noise can cause numerous problems. In general, the faster you communicate,
the better your phone lines need to be. When you get up to 33,600 bps, it is critical that you have
clear lines from end to end. Line noise can cause the following problems when trying to make 9600
bps or higher data connections:

• No connection

• Connection, but only “garbage” characters appear on the screen

• Connection, but no communication

• Connection, then disconnection for no apparent reason

• Connection, but modem speed drops

• Transmit speed significantly different from Receive speed

If you think you are having data line noise problems, try redialing. When you redial, the phone
company will probably route your call through a different circuit, which could result in a clearer
connection. If that doesn’t help, wait a while and try redialing again. This should solve the
problem. If not, you can also use your telecom software to set your transmission rate lower. Refer to
the “Rate Renegotiation” discussion in High Speed Communication for information on
setting your transmission rate.

Slow Downloads

If you download files from a BBS or online service, you should expect a theoretical CPS (character
per second) rate about 1/10th of your connection rate (i.e., 33,600 bps = 3360 cps) because it takes
about 10 bits to transmit each character.

There are many causes for slow transfer speeds. Your computer or software may not keep up. Slow
disk drives on either end can slow it down. The remote server may be slow. The Internet between the
remote server and the one you are dialing into may be slow. The server you have dialed into may be
slow. The remote system may have many users on it, which slows it down. (You may find your best
download speeds on many services are late at night when fewer users are on the service.) And some
services are notorious for slow downloads in general. A download of 600 - 800 cps on a CompuServe
14,400 bps line is a normal occurrence.

Problem:

Solution:

Multitasking

Multitasking computers allow you to do many different things while other operations take place in
the background. Although you don’t see them in progress, background operations can be complex
and can sometimes demand too much of your computer’s attention to allow high speed
communications. High speed transmissions are more reliable in a single-user situation with as few
applications as possible in use.

TO UNINSTALL YOUR MODEM

You are uninstalling your modem, and want to remove the files that were installed with it.

Look at the files on the diskette that came with your modem. Write down the names of the files. Find
those files on your hard drive by beginning at the Start menu, and selecting Find. DO NOT DELETE
the file that ends with .inf.

If you did not receive a diskette with your modem, and you installed it using the CD-ROM that came

53

with your modem, follow the instructions below.

1 Insert the CD-ROM that came with your modem into your CD drive.
2 Exit the CD-ROM if Autorun launches it.
3 Open Windows Explorer (Start > Programs > Windows Explorer).
4 Browse to your CD drive and select it.
5 Look at the names of the files that are listed in the right side of the Explorer window. Find the

files that end with .b or .vxd. Write down their names. (Do not write down the files ending with
.inf.)

6 Quit Explorer and remove the CD-ROM.
7 Search for the names of the files you wrote down (Start > Find). Delete them from your

computer.

54

AT COMMANDS

A

DIRECT COMMANDS

The following commands are issued exactly as shown below. They are not preceded by AT.

A/ Re-execute Last Command

Re-execute the last command issued, either by you or by your software.

+++ Escape Code

Escape Code per setting in Register S2. Default is ANSI character 43, the “+” symbol. Must be
preceded and followed by a brief period of no transmission (i.e., a 2-second pause).

[CR]Carriage Return

Terminate connection attempt in progress during the dialing or protocol negotiation process.

AT COMMANDS

The following commands are preceded by the letters AT. The first command, for example, is issued
as ATA.

A Answer Phone Line

B BELL/ITU Protocol Compatibility

BØ Selects ITU protocol and V.22 at 1200 bps.
B1 Selects Bell 212A at 1200 bps.

D Dial Command Modifier

Dials any mixed string of dialing commands. (See Dialing.) If a number is blacklisted or
delayed, this command displays BLACKLISTED or DELAYED rather than dialing. This may also
happen if the S1 Register has not yet cleared.

E Command Echo

Controls the echo of characters sent to your modem from your computer when modem is in
command state.

EØ Turns off echo. If you see two characters for every one you type (i.e., AT looks like

AATT), issue ATE.

E1 Turn on echo (default). If your computer does not display the characters you type,

55

issue ATE1.

H Hook Control

HØ On-hook (hangs up).
H1 Off-hook (picks up phone line) for the time period set in Register S7. (In US country

code setting, the off-hook time is unlimited.)

I Report Identification Codes

IØ Reports maximum data carrier rate.
I1 Programmed ROM checksum used in test.
I2 Tests checksum on the firmware ROM. Returns OK if correct.
I3 Reports ROM code revision number.
I4 Reports supported protocols, in raw format.
I5 Reports firmware copyright information.
I6 Reports country code for country PSTN signals are configured for.
I7 Reports DSP model and version code.
I92 Reports product code ID number of the modem.

L Speaker Volume

/ Sets speaker volume Low
/ Sets volume Medium
/ Sets VolumeHigh

L: Total Volume Gain Adjustment

(Requires Feature #148)

L:00 Lowest gain
L:31 Highest gain

M Speaker Control

0 Always off
0 Turns speaker On during handshaking and off while receiving carrier
0 Always on
0 Turns speaker On during negotiation only

O Going Online

2 Returns to online state.
2 Requests a retrain sequence and returns to online.

P Set dialing Mode to PULSE

Forces pulse dialing.

56

Q Enable/Disable Result Codes

4 Result Codes enabled (default).
4 Result Codes disabled.

4 Enabled when originating; disabled when answering.

Sr? Read S Registers

Reports the value in S register r.

Sr=n Write S Registers

Writes value n into S register r.

Sr.b=n Write to S Register bit b

Writes value n (0 or 1) to bit b of S register r.

SCr? Read SC Register

Reports value in SC register r.

SCr=n Write to SC Register

Writes value n into SC register R.

T Set Dialing Mode to Tone

V Verbose/Numeric Result Codes

9 Numeric Result Codes.
9 Verbose Result Codes (default).

W Error Correction Result Codes

: CONNECT XXXX (DTE - computer rate)(default).
: Report error correction mode.
: CONNECT XXXX (DCE - transmit rate).

X Dialing Mode/CONNECT Result Codes

; Blind dial (ignore dial tone and busy signal) and send CONNECT (no rate) when

connected.

; Blind dial; send Result Codes set by Wn and S95.
; Wait for dial tone before dialing; do not detect busy signal; send Result Codes set by

Wn and S95 when connected.

; Follow busy signal but ignore dial tone; send codes set by Wn and S95 when

connected.

; Send codes set by Wn and S95 when connected. Send BUSY code if busy signal

detected; send NO DIALTONE code if dial tone is not received (default).

Y Long Space Disconnect

YØ Disable long space disconnect before on-hook (default).
Y1 Enable long space disconnect before on-hook.

Z Soft Reset and Load Stored Profile n

ZØ Reset modem and load stored profile 0.
Z1 Reset modem and load stored profile 1.

(If no NVRAM, resets to factory default.)

57

&C Data-Carrier-Detect (DCD) Signal

Control

& DCD signal always on.
& DCD follows carrier. (ON when carrier from remote modem is present.)

&D Modem Reaction to DTR on-to-off

Modem reaction to DTR on-to-off transition greater than S25 setting. Modem WILL dial when
DTR is ON or goes from an OFF to ON state.

c (Settings of &Qn)

&DØ=

&D1=

&D2=

&D3=

ab

N21

331

111

441

List of modem reactions:
N=No Action
1=Hang up if off-hook and autoanswer is disabled.
2=Hang up if off-hook and autoanswer is not disabled.
3=Switch to asynchronous command state.
4=Perform soft reset (like ATZ, profile is set by &Y).

List of &Q states:

a. &QØ, &Q5, &Q6
b. &Q1, &Q4
c. &Q2, &Q3

&F Load Factory Default Configuration

&FØ Restore factory configuration (default for PCs); with hardware flow control, error

correction and data compression active.

58

&F1 Restore factory configuration (default for MACs), with hardware flow control, error

correction and data compression active.
Note: For Direct Connect Mode, use AT\N1 &KØ &Q6 &D2.

&G Guard Tone Selection

Set automatically based on ATi6 setting.

&GØ Do not generate guard tones (US default).
&G1 Generate 550Hz guard tone (not supported).
&G2 Generate 1800Hz guard tone (World Wide support models only).

&K Serial Port Flow Control

&KØ None
&K3 Enable bidirectional hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control (default with &FØ and &F1).

&K4 Enable software (XON/XOFF) flow control.
&K5 Enable transparent software flow control.
&K6 Software (XON/XOFF) and hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control.

&P Pulse Dialing Make/Break Ratio

(Valid only as per country code.)

&PØ 39%/61% make/break ratio at 10PPS (US and Canada default)
&P1 33%/67% make/break ratio at 10PPS (UK and Hong Kong)
&P2 39%/61% make/break ratio at 20PPS
&P3 33%/67% make/break ratio at 20PPS (Japan)

&Q Asynchronous/Synchronous Mode Selection

Default depends on AT&F. Not all modems support synchronous mode.
&QØ Asynchronous Direct mode.
&Q1 SynchronousMode 1 (Terminal must support both modes.) Call placed Async, modem

switches to Sync. When DTR is dropped, modem returns to Async.

&Q2 SynchronousMode 2. Modem dials number in stored location Ø when DTR goes from

Low to High.

&Q3 SynchronousMode 3. Dial number manually on a telephone, and then bring DTR

High to let the modems connect.

&Q4 Not used.
&Q5 Asynchronous Reliable mode (most common default).
&Q6 Asynchronous Normal mode.

CAUTION — These settings will prevent most Mac OS machines from being able to

communicate with the modem.
Once you enter &Q(1-3) and save it to memory, there are only three ways to return to
Asynchronous Mode:

1 Issue AT &Q(0,5-6) &W from a Synchronous Terminal to restore the modem to Asynchronous

Mode.

2 Connect modem to an Asynchronous Terminal with the DTR signal (line 20) disabled (a

break-out box works for this) and issue the configuration you want or AT &Q(0,5-6) &W to
return the modem to Async Mode.

3 Send the modem to Diamond for repair.

59

&V Connection Stats

Reports Typical Results - Notes

Termination Reason LINK DISCONNECT

Last TX rate 28800 BPS

Highest TX rate 28800 BPS

Last RX rate 6400 BPS

Highest RX rate 26400 BPS

Protocol LAPM

Compression V42Bis

Line Quality 018

RX Level 025

Highest Rx State 67

Highest Tx State 67

EQM Sum 0062

RBS Pattern FF

Rate Drop FF

Digital Pad None

Local Rtrn Count 00

Remote Rtrn Count 00

V8bis K56Flex successful/

not successful

&W Write Active Profile to Stored Profile

&WØ Write to profile Ø.

&W1 Write to profile 1.
(Requires NVRAM, Feature #120.)While NVRAM can be restored, it is not recommended to

include &W in general initialization string.

&Y Select Configuration Loaded at Power-up

(Requires NVRAM, Feature #120.)

&YØ Load profile 0 (default).
&Y1 Load profile 1.

60

&Zx=n Write telephone number n into register number x (0-3)

(Requires NVRAM, Feature #120.)

\Kn Control break handling (during three states):

When modem receives a break from the DTE:
\K0,2,4 Enter on-line command mode, no break sent to the remote modem.
\K1 Clear buffers and send break to remote modem.
\K3 Send break to remote modem immediately.
\K5 Send break to remote modem in sequence with transmitted data.
When modem receives \B in on-line command state:
\K0,1 Clear buffers and send break to remote modem.
\K2,3 Send break to remote modem immediately.
\K4,5 Send break to remote modem in sequence with transmitted data
When modem receives break from the remote modem:
\K0,1 Clear data buffers and send break to DTE.
\K2,3 Send a break immediately to DTE.
\K4,5 Send a break with received data to the DTE.

\N Operating Mode

\NØ Normal mode. Carrier and port rate may differ; No MNP or V42, forces &Q6.
\N1 Direct mode. Carrier rate “matches” port rate; No MNP or V42, forces &Q0.

\N2 Reliable mode. A V42 or MNP connection must be made or the modem will hang up;

forces &Q5, S36=4, S48=7.

\N3 AutoReliable mode. (Default mode where all connections are supported; forces &Q5,

S36=7, S48=7.)

\N4 LAPM mode. A V42 connection must be made or the modem will hang up; forces &Q5,

S48=0.

\N5 MNP mode. An MNP connection must be made or the modem will hang up; forces

&Q5, S36=4, S48=128.

\S Report Active Configuration (Verbose)

\S1 Report Current S Register Settings (in DEC and HEX)

\V Single Line Result Code

\VØ Disabled
\V1 Enabled (Provides DTE protocols used and asymmetric DCE rates)

%C Enable/Disable Data Compression

%CØ Data compression disabled.
%C1 MNP 5 enabled.
%C2 V.42bis (BTLZ) enabled.
%C3 MNP5and V.42bis enabled.

%E Auto Retrain Based on Line Quality

%EØ Disabled (default).

61

%E1 Enable auto retrain based on line quality.

%G Rate Renegotiation (Fall Back/Forward)

Based on line quality monitor readings. Fall Forward only if “good” quality for period set in
S190.

GØ Disabled.
%G1 Enabled: monitor line quality and automatically request a rate renegotiation if line

conditions are bad (default).

%L Line Signal Level

Return a value which indicates received signal level.

%Q Signal Quality

Report signal quality, also known as Eye Quality Measurement (EQM), at the instant the
command is issued while a connection is established, and modem is in local mode (i.e., +++
has been issued). The values for V.32 & V.32bis connections and V.34 & VFC rates are not the

same, but follow the same concept. The Range is Ø to 127.
For V.32 & V.32bis carriers:

nnn=0 to 7 signal excellent (higher rate may be used)
Modem tends to rate renegotiate UP to a higher rate
nnn=8 to 20 signal good (best carrier rate for line conditions)
nnn=21 to 30 signal poor (lower carrier rate should be used) Modem tends to renegotiate
DOWN to a lower rate
nnn=31 to 127 signal very bad (or gone), try forcing a lower rate. Modem tends to RETRAIN.

For V.34 carriers approx values below apply:
nnn=0 to 19 signal excellent (higher rate may be used) Modem tends to rate renegotiate UP
to a higher rate.
nnn=20 to 50 signal good (best carrier rate for line conditions)
nnn=64 to 69 signal poor (lower carrier rate should be used) Modem tends to rate renegotiate
DOWN to a lower rate.
nnn=70 to 127 signal very bad (or gone), try forcing a lower rate. Modem tends to RETRAIN.

%Q1 Connection Stats

On K56 connections these items are reported:
K56 EQM (Average over the last second)

RX Level (Same as %L)
TX Level (Current TX level in dBm)
TX data rate =(now), min, max
RX data rate =(now), min, max

On V.32/V.32bis connections these items are reported:
EQM (Same as %Q)(Average over the last second)

RX Level (Same as %L)
TX Level (Current TX level in dBm)
TX data rate =(now), min, max

62

RX data rate =(now), min, max
On VFC & V.34 Connections these items are also reported:
Far Echo Delay (Round trip far end echo delay in mS.)

Far Echo Level (Signal Strength of far echo in dBm.)
Pre-Emphasis Filter (Filter in use to normalize the lines frequency response per ITU V.34
specs.)

On V.34 Connections these items are also reported:
Pre-Coding TX (0 no, 1 active) RX (0 no, 1 active)

Shaping TX (0 no, 1 active) RX (0 no, 1 active)
Non-linear encoding TX (0 no, 1 active) RX (0 no, 1 active)
Trellis mapping Type in use (16-4D, 32-4D, 64-4D)
SNR (Signal to Noise ratio measured during the line probe, in dB).
Normalized Bandwidth (The -3dB roll off points after the pre-emphasis filter is applied. This is
NOT the same as the usable audio band-width since the signal has been heavily processed prior
to this measurement. This range determines the maximum symbol rate the line will support.)
Symbol rate (Symbols per second on the connection)
TX Carrier - If the symbol rate is below 3429 there are two available carrier frequencies: a high
carrier and a low carrier. The actual frequency of the carriers varies with the symbol rate.

“High” or “Low” are the only items displayed. [33,600 bps connections require a 3429 symbol
rate.]

RX Carrier - Same as above on received carrier.

%Q2 Data Transfer Stats

(Current call or last call) On ALL Connections these items are reported:
Termination reason = (same as S86)

Transmitted Bytes =
Received Bytes =

On V.42 (LAPM) Connections these items are also reported:
Transmitted I frames = Octets =

Received I frames = Octets =
Bad frames received = T401 resent I frames =
SREJs received = Resent I frames =
REJs received = Resent I frames =
SREJs transmitted =
REJs transmitted =
SREJ =(enabled/disabled)
Transmit window size =
Receive window size =
Transmit frame size =
Receive frame size =

On V.42bis (BTLZ) Connections these items are also reported:
BTLZ dictionary size =

BTLZ string length =

63

Transmit Compression =(enabled/disabled)
Receive Compression =(enabled/disabled)

The %Q2 status screen includes the number of octets transmitted and received in LAPM I
frames. It also includes the number of I frames retransmitted due to SREJ and REJ frames
being received and the number of I frames retransmitted due to timer T401 expiring.

REJ frames cause the retransmission of an I frame and any I frames that were transmitted after
that I frame. The number of I frames retransmitted due to REJ frames is usually more than the
number of REJ frames received.

SREJ frames cause the retransmission of a single I frame, any I frames transmitted after the
rejected I frames are not retransmitted. The number of I frames retransmitted due to SREJ is
usually equal to the number of SREJ received.

The number of I frames retransmitted by REJ and SREJ frames may be lower than expected if
acknowledgments of the requested I frame arrive after the receipt of the REJ/SREJ for that I
frame and prior to the retransmission of the I frames. This may happen if I frames are
retransmitted due to the expiration of T401 and a REJ/SREJ is received for the original
transmission of the I frames.

NC Display Country Codes and

*

Configurations Supported

Modems support various country code settings. (ATi6 reports currently configured setting.)
Check your modem for supported PSTN parameters. This command returns ERROR on units
without NVRAM (i.e., most SupraExpress modems).

*NCn Country Select. Sets country PSTN parameters to the code number specified. You must

reset ATZ or power cycle the modem for change to take occur.

*Z Change Dialing Codes

(Used in countries like NORWAY that support two methods of pulse dialing.)

*ZØ Use dial code Ø (default).
*Z1 Use dial code 1.

#CID Caller ID Mode

#CID? Display Caller ID Modes supported.

#CID=Ø Disable Caller ID (default). Command is stored in NVRAM, and is cleared by ATZn or

AT&F or AT&F1.

#CID=1 Enable Formatted Caller ID mode. Command is stored in NVRAM, and is cleared by

ATZn or AT&F or AT&F1.

#CID=2 Enable Raw (ASCII printable HEX number) mode. Command is stored in NVRAM,

and is cleared by ATZn or AT&F or AT&F1.

#CLS Select Data, Fax, or Voice/Audio

#CLS? Returns the current setting (0,1,2, or 8) of the #CLS command as an ASCII decimal

value in result code format.

64

#CLS=? Return the message, “0, 1, 2, or 8”.
#CLS=0 Data. Similar to setting +FCLASS=0, and instructs the modem to act like a data

modem on subsequent answer or originate operations. When a disconnect or inactivity
timeout in the non-autobaud mode is detected, the modem automatically sets the
#CLS setting to 0 and hangs up. This ensures that the modem is always in a known
state despite disorderly DTE behavior.

#CLS=1 Class 1 fax. Similar to setting +FCLASS=1, and instructs the modem to be a Class 1

fax modem. Once set, either the +FAA or the +FAE command can be used to force
subsequent answers to be Class 1 adaptive answers.

#CLS=2 Class 2 fax. Similar to setting +FCLASS=2, and instructs the modem to be a Class 2

fax modem. Once set, the +FAA command can be used to force subsequent answers to
be Class 2 adaptive answers.

#CLS=8 Voice/Audio Mode. This is the main setting the DTE uses to effect directed or adaptive

answer or originate sequences involving voice modes. All telephone calls initialized by
#CLS=8 result (after answer or successful call progress) in the modem in Online
Voice Command Mode.

#LCD LCD Displays

#LCD=Ø,”STRING Mode disabled (default).
#LCD=1,”STRING String is displayed on LCD Line 1*.
#LCD=2,”STRING String is displayed on LCD Line 2*.

For example, if you issue: AT#LCD=1,“My fast Supra![CR] your modem will show MY
FAST SUPRA! on the top line. Or, if you issue:
AT#LCD=1,4D7920466173742053757072612021[CR] your modem will show MY
FAST SUPRA! on the top line. The AT parser causes all letters to be automatically converted to
upper case.

#LCD=Ø, hexstring ASCII hex Mode disabled (default).
#LCD=1,hexstring ASCII hex values displayed on LCD Line 1*.
#LCD=2,hexstring ASCII hex values displayed on LCD Line 2*.

*No CPU Cycles used for display in this mode. This allows all 255 ASCII characters to be used
on the display.

#VLS Voice Line Select

Selects which devices are routed through the modem.
#VLS? Display the current setting of the #VLS command as an ASCII decimal value in Result

Code format.

#VLS=?Request a report of the device types available, from 0 to 4.
#VLS=Ø Telephone Line with telephone handset (default.).
#VLS=1 Transmit/Receive Device (other than telephone line).
#VLS=2 Transmit Only Device. Normally the onboard speaker.
#VLS=3 Receive Only Device. Normally the microphone.
#VLS=4 Telephone line with Speaker ON and handset.

65

#VLS=5 Telephone Emulation.
#VLS=6 Speakerphone.
#VLS=7 Mutes the Local Handset During phone conversation. Music on Hold.
#VLS=8 Records Handset conversation on Phone Line.
#VLS=9 Records/Plays back from Handset through Sound Chip.

#VRN Ringback Never Came Timer

Used when originating a voice/audio call (#CLS=8) to set the “Ringback Never Came” timer
value, i.e., an amount of time (in units of 100 ms) measured from completion of dialing. If
ringback is not detected within this period, the modem assumes the remote has picked up the
line and switches to Online Voice Command Mode.

VRN? Displays the current setting of the #VRN command as an ASCII decimal value in

Result Code format.

VRN=? Returns the message, “0-255”.
VRN=0 Turns off the “ringback never came timer.” After dialing, the modem sends VCON and

immediately enters Online Voice Command Mode.

VRN=n Where n defines the period without ringback after dialing in 100 ms units.

-SDR Distinctive Ring

(Requires Feature #156.) Bits set high in this register enable the corresponding Distinctive
Ring detection and Result Code. Bits disabled set normal ring detection only. Range = Ø-7,
Default=Ø. (Saved in NVRAM via &W).

Bit
Value

0 1 Enables single rings and reports these as RING 1

1 2 Enables double rings and reports these as RING 2

2 4 Enables triple rings and reports these as RING 3 0.4s

NOTE— Current code does not discriminate between short (0.4 second) and long (0.8

Decimal
Value

Function

2.0s on, 4.0s off (normal ring).

0.8s on, 0.4s off, 0.8s on, 0.4s off.

on, 0.2s off, 0.4s on, 0.2s off, 0.8s on, 4.0s off.

second) ring pulses. Two Bellcore standard ring patterns (RINGS 3 and 4) will be reported as
RING3 (If RING 3 detection is active).

V. 2 5 TER AT COMMANDS

+DS V.42 bis Data Compression

+DS? Returns Current Settings
+DS=? Returns Command Range(s)
+DS=<direction>,<comp_neg>,<dict_size>,<max_string>

66

The direction parameters are:

<direction>

0 No compression.

1 Transmit Only compression.

2 Receive Only compression

3 Bi-Directional compression.

<comp_neg>

0 Do not require V.42bis compression when connecting

<dict_size>

1024 V.43bis dictionary size for bi-directional compression.

2048 V.42bis maximum dictionary size for bi-directional

compression (default for all except the SUP1331).

4096 Maximum dictionary size for single direction compression

on a product except for the SUP1331, which supports it in
bi-directional compression mode (default for SUP1331).

<max_string>

6 to 64 Maximum V.42bis string size.

NOTE — The V.42bis dictionary size is fixed at 2048 for connections with bi-directional

compression and 4096 for single direction compression.

+ES Error Control Selection

+ES? Returns Current Setting
+ES=? Returns Command Range(s)
+ES =<orig_rqst>,<orig_fbk>, ans_fbk>

(Omitted values remain at the current setting.)

NOTE: +ES=<orig_rqst>,<orig_fbk>, ans_fbk> is similar to setting the &Qn (or

&Mn), S36, and S48 registers. When +ES? is used S80.4 is set (1). When &Qn (or &Mn) is

used S80.4 is reset (0). These values and S80 are saved in NVRM via &Wn.

The orig_rqst parameters are:

orig_rqst

0 Direct mode.

1 Buffered mode.

67

orig_rqst

2 Initiate V.42 without detection.

3 Initiate V.42 with detection.

4 Alternative protocol (MNP).

5 Initiate with Synchronous mode.

6 Initiate with V.80 Synchronous access mode (default).

The orig_fbk parameters are:

orig_fbk

0 Error control optional (either LAPM or Alternative

acceptable); if error control is not established, maintain DTE­DCE data rate and use buffered mode with flow control
during non-error-control operation (default).

1 Error control optional (either LAPM or Alternative

acceptable); if error control is not established, change DTE­DCE data rate to match line rate and use Direct mode.

2 Error control required; if error control is not established,

disconnect.

3 LAPM required; acceptable); if no LAPM, disconnect.

4 MNP required; if no MNP, disconnect.

68

The ans_fbk parameter specifies the acceptable fallback mode. The ans_fbk parameters are:

ans_fbk

0 Direct mode.

1 EC disabled; buffered mode.

3 EC optional; if no EC use Direct mode.

4 Error control required; if no EC disconnect.

5 Error control optional (only LAPM acceptable); if error control

is not established, disconnect.

6 MNP error control required; if no MNP, disconnect.

7 Synchronous mode.

8 V.80 Synchronous access mode. NOTE: For V.80 connections,

the normal setting is +ES=6, 0, 8.

+ESA Synchronous Access Mode Configuration

+ESA? Returns Current Setting
+ESA=?Returns Command Range(s)
The format for AT+ESA = <trans_idle>, <framed_idle>, <framed_un_ov>,

<hd_auto>, <crc_type>, <nrzi_en>, <syn1>, <syn2>

The trans_idle parameter specifies the bit sequence transmitted by the DCE when a transmit
data buffer underrun condition occurs while operating in Transparent sub-Mode.

The trans_idle parameters are:

trans_idle

0 In Transparent sub-Mode, the DCE transmits SYN1 on idle. DCE

receiver does not seek synchronization sequence (default).

1 In Transparent sub-Mode, the DCE transmits SYN1 on idle. DCE

receiver seek SYN1 as a synchronization sequence.

The framed_idle parameter specifies the bit sequence transmitted by the DCE when a
transmit data buffer underrun condition occurs immediately after a flag. This is while
operating in Framed sub-Mode.

The framed_idle parameters are:

framed_idle

0 In Framed sub-Mode, the DCE transmits HDLC flags on idle.

1 In Framed sub-Mode, the DCE transmits marks (one bits) on idle.

69

The framed_un_ov parameter specifies the actions undertaken by the DCE when a transmit
data buffer underrun or overrun condition occurs immediately after a non-flag octet. This is
while operating in Framed sub-Mode.

The framed_un_ov parameters are:

framed_un_ov

0 In Framed sub-Mode, DCE transmits HDLC abort when

underrun during a frame (default.)

1 In Framed sub-Mode, DCE transmits HDLC flag when underrun

during a frame.

The hd_auto parameter specifies whether or not, in V.34 half-duplex operation, additional
procedures besides those specified in section 12/V.34 shall be performed by the DCE when
switching from primary channel to secondary channel operation and vice versa.

The hd_auto parameter is:

hd_auto

0 Half duplex V.34 carriers are not supported. Value must be 0.

The crc_type parameter specifies the CRC polynomial used while operating in Framed sub­Mode.

The crc_type parameter is:

crc_type

0 CRC generation and checking disabled (default).

70

The nrzi_en parameter specifies if Non Return to Zero Inverted (NRZI) encoding is to be used
by the DCE for transmit and receive data.

The nrzi_en parameters are:

nrzi_en

0 NRZI encoding and decoding disabled (default).

1 NRZI encoding and decoding enabled.

The syn1 parameter (0-255) specifies the octet value(s) to be used while performing
character-oriented framing. <syn1>=n specifies the 8 bit transparent subMode
synchronization sequence and idle transmission value. The default setting for syn1 is 255.

The syn2 parameter specifies the octet value(s) to be used while performing character­oriented framing. <syn2>=0 specifies the16 bit synchronization sequences are not
supported. The value must be 0.

The +ESA settings are saved in NVRAM by the &W command.

+ESR Selective Repeat (LAPM SREJ) Control

This command controls the use of the selective repeat (SREJ) option in V.42 (if present in the
DCE).

The formats for AT+ESR are:

+ES+R?Returns current setting.
+ESR=Returns command range(s).
+ESR=<value>
The value parameters are:

Value

0 Do not use SREJ.

1 Use SREJ if available in remote DCE; continue without it if not

(default).

+GCAP Request Capabilities List

Display one or more lines of information reporting the V.25ter commands available in your
modem.

+GMI Manufacturer ID

+GMM Model ID

+GMR ROM Code

+ITF Transmitter Flow Control

This command allows the DTE to determine the input buffer size in the DCE for data on circuit
103 from the DTE, to control the thresholds used for flow control of such data, and to control

71

how often the DCE reports to the DTE the number of octets in this buffer.
This parameter is ignored in Direct and Synchronous Modes where flow control is not used.

The Off and On parameters are applicable in Synchronous Access, Frame Tunneling, Buffered
V.14, and error control modes. The Report Period parameter is applicable only in Synchronous
Access mode.

The command format for AT+ITF is:

+ITF? Returns current setting.
+ITF=?Returns command range(s).
AT+ITF=<off>,<on>,<report_period>

<on threshold> 10 to 759 bytes

<off threshold> 11 to 760 bytes

<report period> Ø - Disables transmit level reporting

5 to 100 Delay (in 10ms units) between transmit
buffer level reports while in V.80 Sync Access
mode.

<minimum rate> Sets the lowest carrier rate that may be used.

(Default 300 bps).

<maximum rate> Sets the maximum carrier rate that may be used.

(Default 33,600 bps) Setting a non-zero value in the
S37 command adjusts the +MS rate commands as
well.

+MS Select Modulation/Rate

+MS?Returns Current Setting
+MS=?Returns Command Range(s)

The command format for AT+MS is:
AT+MS = <mod>,<automode>,<minimum rate>,<maximum rate> [CR]

(Omitted values remain at the current setting.)

<mod> specifies the PREFERRED modulation as per the list below. Either verbose or numeric
<mod> selections can be used, but verbose settings are reported.

<mod>
Numeric

0 V21 V.21 300

<mod>
Verbose

Protocol

Possible Rates (bps)

1

72

1 V22 V.22 1200

2 V22B V.22bis 2400 or 1200

<mod>
Numeric

<mod>
Verbose

Protocol

Possible Rates (bps)

1

3 V23C V.23

9 V32 V.32 9600 or 4800

10 V32B V.32bis 14400, 12000, 9600, 7200, or

11 V34 V.34 33600, 31200, 28800, 26400,

12 V90 V.90 56000, 54667, 54000, 53333,

56 K56 K56flex 56000, 54000, 52000, 50000,

2

1200

4800

24000, 19200, 16800, 14400,
12000, 9600, 7200, 4800, or
2400

52000, 50667, 50000, 49333,
48000, 46667, 46000, 45333,
44000, 42667, 42000, 41333,
40000, 38667, 38000, 37333,
36000, 34667, 34000, 33600,
33333, 32000, 31200, 30667,
29333, 28000 (Default)

48000, 46000, 44000, 42000,
40000, 38000, 36000, 34000,
32000

64 B103 Bell 103 300

69 B212 Bell 212 1200

1

See optional <automode>, <minimum rate>, and <maximum rate>

parameters.

2

For V.23, originating modes transmit at 75 bps and receive at 1200 bps;

answering modes transmit at 1200 bps and receive at 75 bps. The
rate is always specified as 1200 bps.

FAX AT COMMANDS

The following Fax AT Commands are used with Diamond modems:

+FCLASS Fax Class 1

The formats for AT+FCLASS are:
+FCLASS? Returns current setting.
+FCLASS=n Returns command range(s).

+FTS Stop Transmission and Wait

Transmission is halted followed by a wait for the specified time.
+FTS=<TIME> - Wait for the time (in 10 ms increments) specified by <TIME> (0 - 2.55 s).

73

+FRS Receive Silence

This command completes execution when silence is detected from the remote modem for the
specified amount of time. Processing of the command is aborted, without error, if a character
is received from the DTE while attempting to detect the period of silence.

+FRS=<TIME> - Wait for the time (in 10 ms increments) specified by <TIME> (0 - 2.55 s).

+FTM Transmit Facsimile Data</b>

A physical connection with the modulation type specified by <MOD> is first established. Data
received from the DTE is then transmitted in facsimile format.

+FTM=<MOD> - Transmit facsimile data using modulation <MOD>.

+FRM Receive Facsimile Data

A physical connection with the modulation type specified by <MOD> is attempted with the
remote modem. If this succeeds, data subsequently received from the remote modem is sent to
the DTE in facsimile format. If the physical connection fails, the "+FCERROR" result code is
returned.

+FRM=<MOD> - Receive facsimile data using modulation <MOD>.

+FTH Transmit Facsimile Data HDLC

A physical connection with the modulation type specified by <MOD> is first established. Data
received from the DTE is then transmitted in facsimile format using HDLC framing.

+FTH=<MOD> - Transmit facsimile data, HDLC format, using modulation <MOD>.

+FRH Receive Facsimile Data HDLC

A physical connection with the modulation type specified by <MOD> is attempted with the
remote modem. If this succeeds, data subsequently received from the remote modem, using
HDLC framing, is sent to the DTE in facsimile format. If the physical connection fails, the
"+FCERROR" result code is returned.

+FRH=<MOD> - Receive facsimile data, HDLC format, using modulation <MOD>.

74

B

SØ Number of Rings to Auto Answer

(range = Ø-255; disabled = Ø; default = Ø)
The number of rings the modem waits for before it auto answers.

S1 Ring Counter

(range = Ø-255; default = Ø)
The number of telephone rings before the last answer. This register is reset to Ø if it detects no
rings for eight seconds.

S2 Escape Code Character

(range = Ø-255; default = 43 “+”)
The ASCII value of the escape code. Values greater than 127 cause the escape code to be
disabled.

S REGISTERS

S3 Carriage Return Character

(range = Ø-127; default = 13)
The ASCII value of the carriage return control character, which serves as command line
terminator and result code terminator.

S4 Line Feed Character

(range = Ø-127; default = 10)
The ASCII value of the line feed control character.

S5 Backspace Character

(range = Ø-32; default = 8)
The ASCII value of the backspace control character.

S6 Time to Wait before Blind Dial

(range = 2-255; default = 2; units = seconds)
The maximum time to wait for a dial tone after going off-hook before dialing a number. The
W dial command modifier overrides S6. S6 does not apply when X2 or X4 is in effect. The
default depends on your modem model.

S7 Time to Wait for Carrier

(range = 1-255; default = 50; units = seconds)
The maximum time the originating modem waits for a carrier from the remote modem before
hanging up, or the time the modem waits when the W dial command modifier is used.

75

S8 Pause Time for Comma Dial Command Modifier

(range = 2-255; default = 2; units = second)
The length of the pause caused by a comma in the D dial command.

S9 Time to Wait Before Recognizing Carrier

(range = 1-255; default = 12; units = 1/10 seconds)
The length of time after a carrier first appears that the modem waits to recognize carrier and
turn on DCD. This delay allows the modem to ignore spurious signals that are the same
frequency as the carrier. Higher S9 values reduce the chance of a false carrier being detected.

S10 Delay from Lost Carrier to Hang Up

(range = 1-255; default = 14; units = 1/10 second)
The time your modem waits for a carrier to return before disconnecting. A long enough time

allows the remote modem’s signal to momentarily disappear without making your modem
disconnect. S10=255 causes your modem to assume carrier is always present.

S11 DTMF Tone Duration/Spacing

(range = 60-102; default = 95; units = 1/100 second)
The spacing between and duration of DTMF (dial) tones during tone calling. The spacing
between tones is equal to the duration of each tone. The default depends on your modem
model.

S12 Escape Prompt Delay (EPD)

(range = Ø-255; Ø disables timer; default = 50;
units = 1/50 second). The delay required before and after entering the escape code.

S24 Sleep Inactivity Timer

(range = Ø-255; default/disable*=Ø)
The number of seconds before the modem enters sleep mode without either DTE or phone line
activity. (On external models the DTR line must be low (off) to allow the modem to enter
SLEEP mode. *Non-display models default to S24+30. Serial PnP units will NOT sleep if Serial
PnP mode is enabled (S193.Ø=1 default).

S25 Delay to DTR

(range = Ø-255; default = 5; units = 1/100 second)
The shortest length of a DTR change the modem recognizes. If AT&D2, the modem will not
hang up if the transition is less than S25.

S26 RTS/CTS Delay

(range = Ø-255; default = 1; units = 1/100 second
Synch mode only.

S29 Flash Dial Modifier Time

(range=Ø-255; default=70; units=10 ms; disable=Ø)
Sets the length of time in units of 10 ms, that the modem will go on-hook when it encounters
the flash(!) dial modifier in the dial string. The time is a country code dependent parameter.

S30 Disconnect Inactivity Time

(range = Ø-255; default = Ø; unit 10 second;disable =Ø)

76

Sets the length of time the modem will stay online before disconnecting when no data is sent or
received. In Reliable mode, any data transfer resets timer. In Normal mode, only sent data
resets timer.

XOn Character

(range = Ø-255; default = 17)

XOff Character

(range = Ø-255; default = 19)

S36 Negotiation Failure Treatment

(range = Ø-7; default = 7)
Fallback options initiated when S48=128 or an attempted error correction link fails.)

Value
(Dec)

Ø Disconnect.

1 Establish a Direct connection.

2 Undefined.

3 Establish a Normal connection.

4 Establish an MNP connection if possible. Otherwise, disconnect.

5 Establish an MNP connection if possible. Otherwise, establish a Direct

6 Undefined.

7 Establish an MNP connection if possible. Otherwise, establish a

Treatment

connection.

Normal connection.

Bits 3 - 7 reserved.

S37 Desired DCE Speed

S38 Delay Before Forced Disconnect

(range = Ø-255; default = 5; units = seconds)
The delay between your modem receiving the H command (or an on-to-off transition of DTR if
your modem is set to follow DTR) and disconnecting. If S38 is between Ø and 254, your
modem waits for the seconds from H command for the remote modem to acknowledge all data
in the modem buffer before disconnecting. NO CARRIER indicates time expired before all data
was sent, and data has been lost. OK indicates all data was transmitted. If S38 is 255, the
modem attempts to deliver data in the buffer until the connection is lost or the data is
delivered.

S40 Inactivity Timer

Value: Ø-255 minutes; Ø = Inactivity timer disabled; default = Ø
Type : Storable

77

S41 Dial Retry

Value: Ø-10; default = Ø (No retry)
Type: Non-storable

S44 Error Correction in Use

Ø = No error correction
2 = MNP class 2
3 = MNP class 3
4 = MNP class4
5 = MNP class 5
6 = V.42
7 = V.42 bis
Type: Non-storable

S45 Reason for Disconnection

Ø = Lost Carrier
1 = User interrupt
2 = Training failure
3 = Retrain failure
4 = Inactivity time out
5 = Long space disconnect
6 = Negotiation failure
Type: Non-storable

S86 Connection Failure Cause Code

(range = Ø - 255; default = Ø)
S86 records the first event that contributes to a NO CARRIER message.

Value Failure Cause

Ø Local request

1-3 Undefined error code

4Carrier loss

5 No error correction (Remote does not support EC)

6 No error correction (No response to feature negotiation)

7 Incompatible protocol (local modem is ASYNC; remote is SYNC)

8 Incompatible protocol.(No framing technique in common)

9 Incompatible protocol (Modems could not find common protocol)

10 Incompatible protocol (Bad response to feature negotiation)

11 Incompatible protocol (No SYNC information from remote)

12 Normal Link Disconnect initiated by remote modem

78

13 Excessive retransmissions

Value Failure Cause

14 Protocol violation

15 DTR loss

16 GSTN cleardown

17 Inactivity timeout

18 Incompatible speeds

19 BREAK disconnect

20 Key Abort

21 V42bis Protocol Violation

79

80

RESULT CODES

C

This section addresses the following topics:

•RESULT CODE COMMANDS

•SAMPLE RESULT CODES

•DETERMINING WHICH RESULT CODES TO USE

•MODEM RESULT CODES

RESULT CODE COMMANDS

The following commands control result codes.

ATQ Enables result codes (default).

ATQ1 Disables result codes.

ATV Displays result codes as numbers.

ATV1 Displays result codes as words (default).

ATW Reports computer (DTE) rate only as CONNECT: (DTE) (default).

ATW1 Reports computer rate as CARRIER (DCE), PROTOCOL, CONNECT (DTE).

ATW2 Reports connection DCE rate only as CONNECT (DCE).

SAMPLE RESULT CODES

The following result codes are returned when your computer rate is set to 38,400 bps in your
telecommunications software; your modem connects to a 9600 bps modem that supports V.42;

81

result codes are enabled (ATQØ); set to be returned as words (ATV1); and set to report throughput,
error correction, and connection rate (ATW1).

CARRIER 9600

PROTOCOL: LAPM

CONNECT 38400

These result codes indicate a 9600 bps connection rate, LAPM (V.42) error correction, and 38,400
bps maximum throughput.

Using the same example, ATWØ would return only CONNECT 38400 (computer rate) and ATW2
would return only CONNECT 9600 (connection rate).

DETERMINING WHICH RESULT CODES TO USE

The result code commands you need depend on your software. The factory default settings ensure
compatibility with most software.

MODEM RESULT CODES

Word Form Numeric Form

OK Ø

CONNECT (300 bps) 1

RING 2

NO CARRIER 3

ERROR 4

CONNECT 1200 5

NO DIALTONE 6

BUSY 7

NO ANSWER 8

CONNECT 0600 9

CONNECT 2400 10

CONNECT 4800 11

82

CONNECT 9600 12

CONNECT 7200 13

Word Form Numeric Form

CONNECT 12000 14

CONNECT 14400 15

CONNECT 19200 16

CONNECT 57600 18

CONNECT 115200 19

CONNECT 230400 20

CONNECT 75TX/1200RX (V.23) 22

CONNECT 1200TX/75RX (V.23) 23

DELAYED hh:mm:ss

24

(Verbose hr, min, sec of delay)

BLACKLISTED 32

FAX 33

CARRIER 300 (V.21 or Bell 103) 40

CARRIER 600 42

CARRIER 1200/75(V.23) 44

CARRIER 75/1200 (V.23) 45

CARRIER 1200 (V.22 or Bell

46

212A)

CARRIER 2400 (V.22bis or V.34) 47

CARRIER 4800 (V32, V.32bis or

48

V. 3 4 )

CARRIER 7200 (V.32bis or V.34) 49

CARRIER 9600 (V32, V.32bis or

50

V. 3 4 )

CARRIER 12000 (V.32bis or V.34) 51

CARRIER 14400 (V.32bis or
V. 3 4 )

52

83

Word Form Numeric Form

CARRIER 14400 Note: In numeric mode, the

codes for V.34 numeric rates

CARRIER 16800

are used .

CARRIER 19200

CARRIER 21600

CARRIER 24000

CARRIER 26400

CARRIER 28800

CARRIER 16800 53

CARRIER 19200 54

CARRIER 21600 55

CARRIER 24000 56

CARRIER 26400 57

CARRIER 28800 58

CONNECT 16800 59

CONNECT 21600 61

CONNECT 24000 62

CONNECT 26400 63

CONNECT 28800 64

COMPRESSION: CLASS 5

66

(MNP5)

COMPRESSION: V.42BIS

67

(BTLZ)

COMPRESSION: NONE 69

PROTOCOL: NONE 70

PROTOCOL: LAPM 77

CARRIER 31200 78

CARRIER 33600 79

PROTOCOL: ALT 80

PROTOCOL: ALT-CELLULAR 81

Setting up for flash download 82

84

CONNECT 33600 84

PROTOCOL: MNP 85

Word Form Numeric Form

PROTOCOL: MNP10 86

CONNECT 20800 90

CONNECT 31200 91

CONNECT 41600 92

CARRIER 32000 150

CARRIER 34000 151

CARRIER 36000 152

CARRIER 38000 153

CARRIER 40000 154

CARRIER 42000 155

CARRIER 44000 157

CARRIER 48000 158

CARRIER 50000 159

CARRIER 52000 160

CARRIER 54000 161

CARRIER 56000 162

CONNECT 32000 165

CONNECT 34000 166

CONNECT 36000 167

CONNECT 38000 168

CONNECT 40000 169

CONNECT 42000 170

CONNECT 44000 171

CONNECT 46000 172

CONNECT 48000 173

CONNECT 50000 174

CONNECT 52000 175

CONNECT 54000 176

CONNECT 56000 177

RINGING 200

85

86

FCC AND IC

D

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
(FCC)

The modem has been tested and found to comply with limits for a Class B computing device
according to the specifications in FCC rules Part 15 and Part 68. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:

1 This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2 This device mus accept any interference received, including interference that may cause

undesired operation.

As an owner /operator of a registered modem like this modem, you must comply with FCC rules:

• Before installing your modem, you must notify your telephone company that you are going to
install an FCC registered device. When you contact them, you must provide the FCC registration
number and ringer equivalence number (REN) for your modem; these numbers are located on
the modem’s FCC label.

NOTICE — The Ring Equivalence Number (REN) assigned to each terminal device denotes an
indication of the maximum number of terminals allowed to be connected to a telephone
interface. The termination on an interface may consist of any combination of devices subject
only to the requirement that the sum of the Ringer Equivalence Numbers of all the devices does
not exceed 5.

• You cannot connect the modem to a party line or to a coin telephone line.

• You must only connect your modem to a standard modular telephone jack, type RJ-11.

If your modem needs repairs, you must arrange for the manufacturer to make them if you are to
keep the modem’s FCC registration valid.

If you need to return the product, first obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number
from Tech Support (541-967-2450) or from Customer Service (1-800-468-5846).

87

Our mailing address is:

Diamond Multimedia Systems, Inc.
Communications Division
7101 Supra Drive SW
Albany, OR 97321 USA

This equipment, like other electronic equipment, generates and uses radio frequency energy. If not
installed and used according to the instructions in this manual, this equipment may cause
interference with your radio and television reception.

If you think this equipment is causing interference with your radio or television reception, try
turning the equipment off and on. If the interference problems stop when the equipment is switched
off, then the equipment is probably causing the interference. You may be able to correct the
problem by doing one or more of the following:

• Adjust the position of the radio or TV antenna.

• Move the modem away from the radio or TV.

• Plug the modem in a different outlet than the radio/TV uses.

If necessary, consult your dealer or an experienced radio or television technician. You may find this
booklet helpful: “How to Identify and Resolve Radio and TV Interference Problems” (Stock No. 004­000-00345-4), prepared by the FCC and available from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402. See individual modems for FCC ID and registration numbers.

88

FCC REGULATIONS ON FAX BRANDING

The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 makes it unlawful for any person to use a
computer or other electronic device to send any message via a telephone fax machine unless the
message clearly contains in a margin at the top or bottom of each transmitted page or on the first
page of the transmission, the date and time it is sent and an identification of the individual,
business or other entity sending the message and the telephone number of the sending machine of
the individual, business, or other entity.

In order to program this information into your fax machine, you should:

1 Refer to the “Page Header” instructions provided with the Reference Manual for the FAX

software provided with this unit.

2 Enter information to the program including: the date and time the message is sent, and your

identification information.

INDUSTRY CANADA (IC)

NOTICE — The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that
the equipment meets telecommunications network protective, operation and safety requirements as
prescribed in the appropriate Terminal Equipment Technical Requirements document(s). The
Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.

Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the
facilities of the local telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an
acceptable method of connection. The customer should be aware that compliance with the above
conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.

Repairs to certified equipment should be coordinated by a representative designated by the supplier.
Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give
the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.

Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power
utility, telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together.
This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.

CAUTION — Users should not attempt to make such connections yourself, but should contact the
appropriate electric inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.

89

90

GLOSSARY

E

Adaptive Answer

Adaptive Answer allows a modem to discriminate between incoming fax or data calls, and
answer appropriately.

Analog Signals

Continuous, varying waveforms such as the voice tones carried over phone lines.

ANSI

American National Standards Institute.

ASCII

American Standards Committee on Information Interchange. A standard used by IBM and
compatibles to represent numbers and characters in binary form.

Asymmetric Data Rates

In asymmetric transmissions, the send and receive speeds may be different. Having the ability
to have differing send and receive speeds allows you to take advantage of the line conditions,
giving the best performance possible.

Asynchronous

In asynchronous transmissions, the length of time between transmitted characters is not
uniform. The receiving modem must be signaled with Start and Stop bits as to when the data
bits of a character begin and when they end.

Audio Frequencies

The frequencies which the human ear can detect (usually in the range of 15 to 20,000 Hertz).
Only those from 300 to 3,000 Hertz are transmitted through the phone.

Audio, Full Duplex

An audio mode in which data can be sent and received at the same time. This mode must be
supported by the audio hardware you are using. If you have the option of using it, you will
probably find that it is more like natural conversation than using half duplex.

Audio, Half Duplex

An audio mode in which data can travel only in one direction at a time. This mode is
determined by the kind of audio hardware you are using.

Authoring Systems

Authoring systems are used to create multimedia applications. They combine existing

91

presentation information (texts, images and sound) and control the flow of these during the
multimedia show. The dialogue with the user is controlled with this software. The individual
information must have already been created and saved with special programs.

AUTOEXEC.BAT

A batch file that directs the activities performed by the computer during system startup.

AutoReliable Mode

The mode in which the modem makes the best possible connection, either Reliable or Normal.

Basic Input Output System (BIOS)

Program code in your PC’s ROM (Read-Only Memory) that provides the power-on self test and
other operating functions for hardware such as disk drives, keyboard and monitor.

BLTZ

British Telecom Lempel-Ziv. Data compression protocol BTLZ connections require LAPM error
correction.

Baud Rate

The number of signal events per second occurring on a communications channel. Although
not technically accurate, baud rate is commonly used to mean bit rate.

BIOS

See Basic Input/Output System (BIOS).

Bits Per Second (bps)

The number of binary digits or bits transmitted per second. See also Bit Rate.

Bit Rate

The number of binary digits or bits transmitted per second.

Caller ID

Caller ID is a way for the recipient of a call to find out information on the caller. Between the
first and second ring of an incoming call, the phone company sends information such as the
phone number from which the call originated and a name (if any) associated with that
number. A Caller ID box may also display the current date and time. Most phone companies
offer this service.

Central Office (CO)

The place where your local phone company switches (or connects) all of your phone calls.

Class 1 (Fax)

A protocol for transmitting image data by a faxmodem and fax software. Class 1 fax software
uses the computer's processor for handling all the encoding and decoding of the fax image.

Class 2 (Fax)

A protocol for transmitting image data by a faxmodem and fax software. The Class 2 fax
protocol allows for some of the image encoding and decoding to be done by the fax modem's
processor, thus saving time on your computer.

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CNG Tone

The 1100Hz "beeping" tone a fax machine or faxmodem emits when calling out. When the
receiving fax detects this tone, it automatically connects. It is this tone which allows a call­switching device to recognize an incoming fax call and transfer the call to the fax machine or
modem. SupraSonic and SupraFAXModems using "Silent Answer" can recognize the CNG tone
to receive a fax.

Command State

Operating mode where your modem will accept AT commands. Synonyms: Terminal State,
Local State. See also Online State.

Computer Rate

The rate at which a modem (DCE) and a computer (DTE) communicate. This is what changes
when you set rate in your telecom software. Synonyms: Serial Port Rate, Modem-to-Computer
Speed, DTE-DCE Rate, Communications Rate.

Config.sys

In MS-DOS, an ASCII text file in the root directory that contains configuration commands. MS­DOS consults this file at system startup.

Connection Rate

The rate at which modems communicate over a phone line. Synonyms: Transmission Speed,
Line Speed, Carrier Rate, Modem-Modem Speed, DCE-DCE Rate.

CTS — Clear to Send Signal

See Hardware Handshaking.

Data Carrier Detect (DCD)

Signal from the modem or printer (DCE) to the DTE (your computer) to indicate that the
modem is receiving a carrier signal from the modem at the remote end of the telephone
circuit.

Data Compression

The process of reducing the size of data parcels to transmit more data in less time. See also:
Error Correction/Data Compression Protocols.

Data Terminal Ready (DTR)

Data Terminal Ready. Control signal from the DTE (computer) to the DCE (modem or printer)
to indicate that the DTE is on and ready. Also used for hardware flow control.

DCE

Data Communications Equipment. Your modem. See also: DTE.

Digital Signals

Discrete, uniform signals.

Direct Connection

Any standard modem connection, without error correction, data compression, or flow control.
Computer rate must equal connection rate.

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Distinctive Ring

Distinctive Ring is the ability to have multiple phone numbers on a single phone line. Each
phone number has a unique ringing pattern. Most U.S. phone companies offer this service.

Driver

Part of a software program that interacts with a particular piece of equipment in your
computer system (i.e. video boards, printers, and keyboards). Drivers are often loaded by your
config.sys at system boot.

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment. Your computer or terminal. See also DCE.

DTR

See Data Terminal Ready.

Duplex

Indicates a communications channel capable of carrying signals in both directions.

Echo Cancellation

A technique that allows for the isolation and filtering unwanted signal energy caused by echoes
from the main transmitted signal. Echoes are a serious problem on standard phone lines
during high speed data transmission. Separate types of echo canceling are used in voice and
data applications.

Error Correction

The process of verifying the accuracy of transmitted data and retransmitting data that did not
transfer successfully.

Error Correction/Data Compression Protocols

Protocols that increase the amount of data that can be transferred (data compression) and/or
improve the accuracy of transmissions (error correction). Some are MNP 2-5, V.42, V.42bis.

Fax Protocols

Protocols (defined by the international ITU-TSS standards committee) that serve as standards
to let fax devices (faxmodems and fax machines) communicate at specific rates. Some are
ITU-TSS V.17, V.29, and V.27ter.

Flash ROM

Allows you to upgrade your modem’s ROM using software. SupraSonic, V.FC and V.34
SupraFAXModems have this feature.

Flow Control

A buffering system that optimizes throughput by allowing your computer and connection rates
to be different.

Full Duplex

Transmission allowing simultaneous two-way communication.

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Group 1, 2, and 3 Faxes

There are three internationally accepted specifications for fax equipment protocols. Most fax

machines today are Group 3, as are SupraFAXModems. Many older fax machines do not
support Group 3 faxing -- these machines typically won’t be able to send to a Group 3 machine
(or modem).

Half Duplex

Transmission allowing communication in only one direction at a time.

Hardware Handshaking (RTS/CTS)

A method of flow control used between the modem and the computer in which it is installed.
When ready to send data, the computer will send a Request to Send (RTS) signal, to which the
modem will reply with a Clear to Send (CTS) signal when it is ready to receive. CTS/RTS
prevents the computer from sending more data than the modem can handle.

Initialization

In modems, the establishment of an active configuration that, in whole or in part, supersedes
the factory configuration. By using an initialization string, you can configure the modem to
work well with your communications program. See initialization string.

Initialization string

(Also referred to as init. string.) In modems, a group of AT commands issued to the modem by
a communications program at the beginning of a communication session, that establishes an
active configuration. Initialization strings enable communications programs to work
smoothly with a variety of modems, and often you can choose an initialization string
appropriate for your modem from a list provided in your communications program. See
initialization.

Interrupt Request (IRQ)

Signal used by a device, such as a mouse, to inform the CPU that it is present and functioning.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A company that provides end users access to the Internet.

ITU (also ITU-T)

International Telecommunications Union (also known as ITU-T, International
Telecommunications Union -Telecommunications section). An organization sponsored by the
United Nations that sets standards for communications technology. In computers, ITU
standards, such as the widely used V.32bis protocol that governs some high speed modem
communications, enable modems from different manufacturers to communicate with one
another. The ITU is the successor of the Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et
Telegraphique (CCIT).

ITU V.42

The international standard protocols for error correction (MNP 2-4 and LAPM).

ITU V.42bis

The international standard protocols for error correction (MNP 2-4 and LAPM) and 4:1 data
compression (BTLZ).

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Jumper

A small plastic plug that fits over a pair of pins. When the plug straddles two pins it makes an
electrical connection. The computer makes decisions based on whether the connection is made
or not. A group of jumper pins is called a jumper block.

LAPM

Link Access Procedure for Modems. The error correction protocol preferred by the V.42bis
modem protocol. BTLZ connections require LAPM error correction.

Local Echo

A modem feature that enables the modem to send copies of keyboard commands and
transmitted data to the screen.

Local Modem

Your modem.

MNP

Microcom Networking Protocol. Protocols providing error correction (MNP 2-4, MNP 10) and
2:1 data compression (MNP 5).

Modem/Fax Modem

A modem (MODulator/DEModulator) is a device that can take computer data (a series of "1"s
and "0"s) and convert it to tones that can be transmitted/received through a communications
channel such as radio or telephone lines. Another modem at the other end can decode the
tones back into the original data. Fax modems are modems that can also communicate with
fax machines in addition to their data communications.

NVRAM

Nonvolatile random access memory. User-programmable memory whose data is retained if the
device is turned off.

Negotiation

The process where your modem and the remote modem determine what type of connection to
make. Synonyms: Detection, Detection Phase.

Normal Connection

Same as a Direct connection, but with the addition of flow control, which allows the computer
and connection rates to be different. A Normal connection does not support error correction or
data compression.

Online State

Operating mode where your modem can communicate with the remote computer. See also
Command State.

Plug and Play

Plug and Play automatically manages the communication between the system and the new

device. Windows™ 95 takes over all necessary work from loading the correct drivers to the
most optimal connection between hardware and software.

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Physical Protocols

Descriptions of actual electronic signals used to communicate over phone lines. For example,
Bell 103/ 212A, ITU-TSS V.21/V.22/V.22bis/V.3 /V.32bis. Synonym: Transmission Protocols.

Pulse Dialing

A means of telling the Central Office the number to be reached. Pulse dialing can be
recognized by clicks, instead of beeps, when dialing. Not all phone systems support touch tone
dialing; pulse dialing is the alternative. All Supra modems can use tone or pulse dialing.

Reliable Connection

A connection that uses one of the error correction or data compression protocols available.

Remote Modem

The modem to which you connect.

RAM

Random Access Memory. See also NOVRAM.

ROM

Read Only Memory: the "brains" of your modem.

REN (Ringer Equivalence Number)

A number indicating the amount or quantity of ringers (or products) which may be connected
to a single phone line and still ring. The total of all RENs connected to a single line may not
exceed the value of five (5) or some or all of the ringers may not work. In some cases the
maximum REN may be lower. Check with your local phone company if you are interested in
the exact maximum REN for your line. Most Supra modems have a REN of 0.3 (REN is also
called the "Load Number" in some cases).

RTS/CTS

Request to Send/Clear to Send. See Hardware Handshaking.

Silent Answer

Silent Answer allows your modem to "listen in" on an incoming phone call and determine
whether or not the incoming call is a voice call or a fax call. After the call is answered by you or
your answering machine, the modem listens for CNG tones. If they are detected, the modem
will take the call. If they are not detected, the modem will ignore the call.

Synchronous

In synchronous transmission, blocks of data are sent at strictly timed intervals. The timing is
uniform and no Start/Stop bits are required. Standard telephone lines carry a synchronous
data stream.

Telephone Answering Device (TAD)

Terminal Stay Resident (TSR)

Programs that are run once then remain in memory in order to be activated by a sequence of
key strokes or a hotkey. It is possible that a TSR may take up too much memory and cause
conflicts with other programs.

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Throughput

Effective transfer rate. Generally, on a 14,400 bps connection, data will transfer at a maximum
of 14,400 bps, so max. throughput is 14,400 bps. But on a 14,400 bps V.42bis connection
(V.42bis compresses the data to one-fourth its size) throughput can be four times that of the
non-V.42bis 14,400 bps connection, or 57,600 bps.

Tone Dialing

Commonly known as touch tone, tone dialing is a means of telling phone company equipment
the number to be reached by means of differing tones for each number. Tone telephones have a
dialing keypad, though some keypad phones use pulse dialing. All Supra modems can use
either tone or pulse dialing.

Trunk Line

The path connecting your phone system to the phone company’s Central Office.

TSR

See Terminate and Stay Resident.

UART

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. UART chips control the serial port/s on personal
computers. The UART is a device, usually a integrated circuit chip that performs the parallel­to-serial conversion of digital data that has been transmitted. The UART converts the incoming
serial data from a modem into the parallel form which your computer handles. UART also

does the opposite, converting the computer’s parallel data into serial data suitable for
asynchronous transmission on phone lines.

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INDEX

Symbols

- ( ) (Dial Command modifier), 22
! (Dial Command modifier), 22

# (Dial Command modifier), 22
$ (Dial Command modifier), 22
& (Dial Command modifier), 22
(Dial Command modifier), 22
(Direct Command), 55
* (Dial Command modifier), 22
+++(Direct Command), 55
, (Dial Command modifier), 22
@ (Dial Command modifier), 22
^ (Dial Command modifier), 22

Numerics

0-9 (Dial Command modifier), 22

33.6K Connections, 28
56K Connections, 27

A

A/(Direct Command), 55
Active Configurations, 12
A-D (Dial Command modifier), 22
Adaptive Answer

Definition, 91
Analog Signals, 91
Answering

Auto Answer, 25

Calls, 25

Techniques, 25
Asymmetric Rates, 29, 91
Asynchronous, 91
AT Commands

, 61
#CID=n, 64
#CLS, 36, 64

#LCD=n,"s, 65
#VLS, 36, 65
#VRN, 66
%C, 61
%E, 61
%G, 62
%L, 62
%Q, 62
%Q1, 62
%Q2, 63
&C, 58
&D, 58
&F, 58
&G, 58
&K, 58
&P, 59
&Q, 59
&W, 60
&Y, 60
&Zx=n, 60
*NC?, 64
*Zn, 64
A, 55
B, 55
D, 55
E, 55
H, 56
I, 56
L, 56
M, 56
O, 56
P, 56
Q, 56
S, 61

99

SCr=n, 57
SCr?, 57

-SDR?, 66
Sr.b=n, 57
Sr=n, 57
Sr?, 57
T, 57
V, 57, 61
W, 57
X, 57
Y, 57
Z, 57

AT Commands (Fax)

+FAA=n, 74

AT Commands (V.25ter)

+DS, 66
+ES, 67
+ESA, 69
+ESR, 71
+GCAP, 71
+GMI, 71
+GMM, 71
+GMR, 71
+ITF, 71

Audio Frequencies, 91
Automode, 29, 31
AutoReliable Mode, 92

B

Baud Rate, 92
Bit Rate, 92
BLTZ, 92
bps, 92

C

Call Waiting, 24
Caller ID

Definition, 92
Description, 26

Central Office (CO), 92
Class 2.0, 93
CNG Tone, 93
Command State, 93
Commands

Command Line Buffer, 20
Syntax, 19

Compatibility With Other Modems, 50
Computer Rate, 93

Configurations

Active, 12
Factory Default, 58

Stored, 12
CONNECT Result Code, 23
Connecting, 11, 41
Connection Rate, 93
55

D

Data bits 51
Data Compression, 14, 93
DCE, 93
Default Configurations, 12
Dial Command Modifiers, 21
Dialing

Procedures, 21

Stored Telephone Number, 23
Digital Signals, 93
Direct Connection, 93
Distinctive Ring

Definition, 94
Downloads (slow), 53
DTE, 94
Duplex, 94

E

Echo Canceling, 94
Error Correction, 14, 94
Escape Code

Command, 55

Procedure, 18

F

Fall Back, 13
Fax Class

Class 1, 92

Class 2, 92
Fax features 39
Federal Communications Commission (FCC),

87
Flash ROM, 94
Flow Control

Cable, 33
Definition, 94
Hardware vs. Software, 33

Full Duplex, 94

100