Despatch P1400 Installation Manual

P1400+
E-104
P1400+
P1400+P1400+ TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE INSTRUCTION MANUAL
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
INSTRUCTION MANUALINSTRUCTION MANUAL
CONTROLLER
CONTROLLER CONTROLLER
PN 197252
REVISION 1-09
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................................................iii
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1
1.1 General.................................................................................................................................................1
SECTION 2: INSTALLATION..............................................................................................................2
2.1 Unpacking.............................................................................................................................................2
2.2 Installation.............................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Panel Cut-outs......................................................................................................................................3
2.4 Panel-Mounting ....................................................................................................................................3
SECTION 3: PLUG-IN OPTIONS........................................................................................................5
3.1 Options Modules and Functions...........................................................................................................5
3.2 Auto Detection of Option Modules........................................................................................................5
3.3 Preparing to Install or Remove Options Modules.................................................................................7
3.4 Removing/Replacing Option Modules..................................................................................................7
3.5 Replacing the Instrument in its Housing...............................................................................................9
SECTION 4: WIRING INSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................10
4.1 Installation Considerations .................................................................................................................10
4.2 AC Power Wiring - Neutral (for 100 to 240V AC versions).................................................................10
4.3 Wire Isolation......................................................................................................................................10
4.4 Use of Shielded Cable........................................................................................................................11
4.5 Noise Suppression at Source.............................................................................................................11
4.6 Sensor Placement (Thermocouple or RTD).......................................................................................12
4.7 Thermocouple Wire Identification Chart.............................................................................................13
4.8 Connections and Wiring .....................................................................................................................13
4.9 Power Connections - Mains Powered Instruments ............................................................................15
4.10 Power Connections - 24/48V AC/DC Powered Instruments ...........................................................15
4.11 Universal Input Connections - Thermocouple (T/C).........................................................................16
4.12 Universal Input Connections – PT100 (RTD) input..........................................................................16
4.13 Universal Input Connections - Linear Volt, mV or mA input.............................................................17
4.14 Option Slot 1.....................................................................................................................................17
Relay Output Module...........................................................................................................................17
Option Slot 1 - SSR Driver Output Module..........................................................................................18
Option Slot 1 - Triac Output Module....................................................................................................18
Option Slot 1 - Linear Voltage or mADC Output module.....................................................................18
4.15 Option Slot 2.....................................................................................................................................19
Option Slot 2 - Relay Output Module...................................................................................................19
Option Slot 2 - SSR Driver Output Module..........................................................................................19
Option Slot 2 - Triac Output Module....................................................................................................19
Option Slot 2 - Linear Voltage or mADC Output module.....................................................................20
4.16 Option Slot 3.....................................................................................................................................20
Option Slot 3 - Relay Output Module...................................................................................................20
Option Slot 3 - SSR Driver Output Module..........................................................................................21
Option Slot 3 - Linear Voltage or mADC Output module.....................................................................21
Option Slot 3 - Transmitter Power Supply Module..............................................................................21
4.17 Option Slot A ....................................................................................................................................22
Option Slot A Connections - RS485 Serial Communications Module.................................................22
Option Slot A Connections - Digital Input Module...............................................................................22
Option Slot A Connections – Basic Auxiliary Input Module.................................................................22
4.18 Option Slot B ....................................................................................................................................23
Option Slot B Connections – Heater Current Input Module ................................................................23
Option Slot B Connections – Digital Input 2 (Full Auxiliary Module)...................................................23
Option Slot B Connections – 1/4 DIN Full Auxiliary Input Module........................................................23
SECTION5: POWERING UP.............................................................................................................24
5.1 Powering Up Procedure......................................................................................................................24
5.2 Overview of Front Panel.....................................................................................................................24
5.3 Displays ..............................................................................................................................................25
5.4 Keypad................................................................................................................................................25
5.5 LED Functions ....................................................................................................................................25
SECTION 6: MESSAGES AND ERROR INDICATIONS ...................................................................26
SECTION 7: INSTRUMENT OPERATION MODES...........................................................................27
7.1 Select Mode........................................................................................................................................27
Entry into the Select Mode..................................................................................................................27
Navigating in Select Mode ..................................................................................................................27
Unlock Codes...................................................................................................................................... 27
7.2 Automatic Tune Mode.........................................................................................................................28
Navigating in Automatic Tune Mode...................................................................................................28
7.3 Product Information Mode ..................................................................................................................29
Navigating in the Product Information Mode ...................................................................................... 29
7.4 Lock Code View..................................................................................................................................31
Entry and Navigating in Lock Code View Mode ................................................................................. 31
SECTION 8: 1400+ CONTROLLER – MODEL GROUP....................................................................32
8.1 1400+ Controllers - Configuration Mode.............................................................................................32
Entry into the Configuration Mode...................................................................................................... 32
Scrolling through Parameters and Values.......................................................................................... 32
Changing Parameter Values...............................................................................................................33
8.2 1400+ – Setup Mode ..........................................................................................................................39
Entry into the Setup Mode .................................................................................................................. 39
Scrolling through Parameters & Values..............................................................................................39
Changing Parameter Values...............................................................................................................39
8.3 1400+ Controllers - Operator Mode....................................................................................................43
1400+ Controllers – Extended Operator Mode...................................................................................43
Navigating in Operator Mode..............................................................................................................43
Adjusting the Local Setpoint(s).................................................................................................................45
8.4 Adjusting the Setpoint Ramp Rate......................................................................................................45
8.5 Manual Control Mode..........................................................................................................................46
Selecting/deselecting Manual Control Mode ......................................................................................46
8.6 1400+ Controllers –Communications Parameters..............................................................................46
Bit Parameters ....................................................................................................................................46
Word Parameters................................................................................................................................47
SECTION 9: MANUALLY TUNING CONTROLLERS........................................................................53
9.1 Single Control Tuning (PID with Primary Output only) .......................................................................53
9.2 Dual Control Tuning (PID with Primary and Secondary Outputs) ......................................................54
9.3 Valve Control Tuning (PI with Linear Outputs) ...................................................................................54
9.4 Manually Fine Tuning..........................................................................................................................56
SECTION 10: MODBUS SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS....................................................................57
10.1 Physical Layer...................................................................................................................................57
10.2 Link Layer .........................................................................................................................................58
10.3 Device Addressing............................................................................................................................59
10.4 Supported Modbus Functions...........................................................................................................59
10.5 Function Descriptions .......................................................................................................................59
Read Coil/Input Status (Function 01 / 02) .......................................................................................... 60
Read Holding/Input Registers (Function 03 / 04) ............................................................................... 60
Force Single Coil (Function 05).......................................................................................................... 61
Pre-Set Single Register (Function 06)................................................................................................ 61
Loopback Diagnostic Test (Function 08)............................................................................................ 61
Pre-Set Multiple Registers (Function 10 Hex) ....................................................................................62
Exception Responses .........................................................................................................................62
SECTION 11: ASCII COMMUNICATIONS........................................................................................64
11.1 Physical Layer ..................................................................................................................................64
11.2 Device Addressing............................................................................................................................64
11.3 Session Layer...................................................................................................................................64
Type 1 Message..................................................................................................................................65
Type 2 Message..................................................................................................................................66
Type 3 Message..................................................................................................................................66
Type 4 Message..................................................................................................................................67
11.4 Error Response ................................................................................................................................67
SECTION 12: CALIBRATION MODE................................................................................................68
12.1 Equipment Required For Checking or Calibrating the Universal Input ............................................68
12.2 Calibration Check .............................................................................................................................68
12.3 Recalibration Procedure...................................................................................................................69
SECTION 13: APPENDIX 1 – GLOSSARY.......................................................................................70
SECTION 14: APPENDIX 2 – SPECIFICATION ...............................................................................93
14.1 Universal Input..................................................................................................................................93
General Input Specifications ...............................................................................................................93
Thermocouple......................................................................................................................................93
Thermocouple Ranges Available................................................................................................................93
Thermocouple Performance.......................................................................................................................94
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)............................................................................................94
RTD Ranges Available ...............................................................................................................................94
RTD Performance.......................................................................................................................................95
DC Linear ............................................................................................................................................95
DC Linear Ranges Available.......................................................................................................................95
DC Linear Performance..............................................................................................................................95
14.2 Auxiliary Inputs .................................................................................................................................96
14.3 Digital Inputs.....................................................................................................................................96
14.4 Output Specifications........................................................................................................................96
Output Module Types ..........................................................................................................................96
Specifications of Output Types............................................................................................................97
14.5 Control Specifications.......................................................................................................................99
14.6 Process Alarms ................................................................................................................................99
14.7 Digital Communications....................................................................................................................99
14.8 Reference Conditions.....................................................................................................................100
14.9 Operating Conditions......................................................................................................................100
14.10 Standards .....................................................................................................................................100
14.11 Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................100
SECTION 15: APPENDIX 3 – PRODUCT CODING........................................................................101
How to use this manual
This manual is structured to give easy access to the information required for all aspects of the installation and use and of the products:
Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4:
diagrams and input/output connections. Section 5: Section 6: Section 7:
include Select Mode for gaining access to the Setup and Configuration menus, Automatic tuning on controllers and the Product information menus.
Section 8: controllers. It covers the Configuration, Setup & Operator menus, Communications parameters, adjusting Setpoint, use of Manual Control and PID auto-tuning.
Section 9: Valve Controllers tuning parameters.
Introduction
Installation Plug-in Options Wiring Guidelines
Powering Up
- A brief description of the product range.
- Unpacking, installing and panel mounting instructions.
- Installation of the plug-in option modules.
- Guidance on good wiring practice, noise avoidance, wiring
- Powering up procedure and descriptions of displays & switches.
Messages & Error Indications Operation Modes
1400+ Model Group
- Describes operating modes common across the range. These
- Describes unique operating features of these process
Manually Tuning Controllers
- Display Messages and fault indications.
- Advice on manually adjusting the Process and
Section 10: formats used for the Modbus communications protocol common to all products in the range.
Section 11: used for the ASCII serial communications protocol available on some products.
Section 12: section is intended for use by suitably qualified personnel.
Appendix 1: Appendix 2: Appendix 3:
Modbus Serial Communications
ASCII Serial Communications
Calibration Mode
Glossary
- Explanations of the terms used and product features.
Specification Product Coding
- Step-by-step instructions to calibrate the instrument. This
- Technical specifications for all products in the range.
- Product model/ordering codes.
- Details the physical layer and message formats
- Details the physical layer and message
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
These instruments are microprocessor based process controllers. They can measure, display or control process variables such as temperature, pressure, flow and level from a variety of inputs.
The operating voltage is either 100-240V at 50/60 Hz or 24V-48V AC/DC depending on the model purchased. EEPROM technology protects against data or configuration loss during power outages.
Inputs are user configurable for connection to thermocouple and RTD probes, as well as linear process signal types such as mVDC, VDC or mADC. Output options include relays, SSR drivers, triacs or linear mV/voltage modules. These can be used for process control, valve control, alarms or retransmission of the process variable or setpoint to external devices such as data recorders or PLC’s. A Transmitter Power Supply option module can provide an unregulated 24V DC (22mA) auxiliary output voltage for external signal transmitters.
Alarm indication is standard on all instruments. Alarms may be set as process high or low, deviation (active above or below controller setpoint), band (active both above and below setpoint), or control loop types. These alarms can be linked to any suitable output. Alarm status is indicated by LED’s or the alarm status screen.
Controllers can be programmed for on-off, time proportioning, or current proportioning control implementations, depending on the output modules fitted, and feature manual or automatic tuning of the PID parameters. A secondary control output is available when additional output modules are fitted. Optional analogue controller Remote Setpoint inputs are included in the range. Control functions, alarm settings and other parameters are easily adjusted from the front keypad or via PC based configuration software.
SECTION 2: INSTALLATION
100mm (3.94”)
96mm (3.77”)
2.1 Unpacking
1.
Remove the product from its packing. Retain the packing for future use, in case it is necessary
to transport the instrument to a different site or to return it to the supplier for repair/testing.
2.
The instrument is supplied with a panel gasket and push fit fixing strap. A single sheet concise manual is also supplied in one or more languages. Examine the delivered items for damage or defects. If any are found, contact your supplier immediately.
2.2 Installation
CAUTION:
Installation and configuration should be performed only by personnel who are technically competent and authorised to do so. Local regulations regarding electrical installation and safety must be observed.
Main dimensions
96mm (3.77”)
2
90mm
+0.5
0.0
Hold firmly in position
Mounting Panel
Slide mounting clamp over the
90mm
+0.5
0.0
2.3 Panel Cut-outs
The mounting panel must be rigid and may be up to 6.0mm (0.25 inches) thick. The cut-outs required for the instruments are shown below.
(3.62” +.020 -.000)
(3.62” +.020 -.000)
Figure 2. Panel cut-out size
2.4 Panel-Mounting
CAUTION:
Ensure the inside of the panel is with the instruments operating temperature and that there is adequate air flow to prevent overheating.
instrument housing, towards rear face of
mounting panel, until the tongues
engage in ratchets and instrument is
Instrument Housing
Ratchets
clamped in position
.
CAUTION:
Do not remove the panel gasket, as this may result in inadequate clamping and sealing of the instrument to the panel.
Gasket
(apply pressure to bezel only)
Figure 3. Panel-Mounting the instrument
3
Once the instrument is installed in its mounting panel, it may be subsequently removed from it’s housing, if necessary, as described in the Fitting and Removing Option Modules section.
Instruments may be mounted side-by-side in a multiple installation, but instrument to panel moisture and dust sealing will be compromised. The cut-out width (for n instruments) is shown below.
1
/4 - DIN Instruments: (96n - 4) mm or (3.78n - 0.16) inches If panel sealing must be maintained, mount each instrument into an individual cut-out with 6mm or
more clearance between the edges of the holes.
Note:
The mounting clamp tongues may engage the ratchets either on the sides or the top/bottom faces of the Instrument housing. When installing several Instruments side-by-side in one cut-out, use the ratchets on the top/bottom faces.
4
SECTION 3: PLUG-IN OPTIONS
3.1 Options Modules and Functions
A range of plug-in option modules is available to add additional input, output and communication functions to the instruments in the range. These modules can be either pre-installed at the time of manufacture, or retrofitted in the field.
The modules are installed between the instruments main circuit boards into the four option slots. These are designated as Slots 1, 2, 3, A & B. Installation is detailed below.
Note:
Slot 1 modules cannot be fitted into Slot 2 or 3. Slot 2 & 3 modules cannot be fitted into Slot 1. Some Slot 2 &3 modules should only be fitted into one of the two slots. This is detailed in the ­Option Module vs. Model Matrix below.
PSU BOARD
CPU BOARD
Figure 4. Typical rear view (uncased) & main board positions
3.2 Auto Detection of Option Modules
The instrument automatically detects which option modules have been fitted into each slot. In
Configuration Mode
fitted. The modules fitted can be viewed in the products information menu, as detailed in the
Information Mode
, the menus will change to reflect the options compatible with the hardware
section of this manual.
Product
5
Table 1.
MODULE PART
NUMBER
& Function
PO1-C10
Relay
PO1-C50
SSR Driver
PO1-C80
Triac
PO1-C21
Linear mA/V DC
PO2-C10
Relay
PO2-C50
SSR Driver
PO2-C80
Triac
PO2-C21
Linear mA/V DC
PO2-W09
Dual Relay
Option Module Available
1400+
OPTION SLOT 1
OPTION SLOT 2
OPTION SLOT 3
PO2-C10
Relay
PO2-C50
SSR Driver
PO2-C21
Linear mA/V DC
PO2-W08
TransmitterPSU
PO2-W09
Dual Relay
OPTION SLOT A
PA1-W06
RS485 Comms
PA1-W03
Digital Input
PA1-W04
Basic Aux Input
OPTION SLOT B
PB1-W0R
Full Aux Input
SOFTWARE & ACCESSORIES
PS1-CON
Config Software
KEY
Option Possible Option Not Possible
6
3.3 Preparing to Install or Remove Options Modules
CAUTION:
Before removing the instrument from it’s housing, ensure that all power has been removed from the rear terminals.
1. Remove the instrument from its housing by gripping the side edges of the front panel (there is a finger grip on each edge) and pull the instrument forwards. This will release the instrument from the rear connectors in the housing and will give access to the PCBs.
2. Take note of the orientation of the instrument for subsequent replacement into the housing. The positions of the main and option PCBs in the instrument are shown below.
3.4 Removing/Replacing Option Modules
With the instrument removed from its housing:
1. To remove or replace modules into Option Slots 1,A or B, it is necessary to gently separate the from the front moulding by lifting first the upper and then lower mounting struts as shown. This frees the boards from the front. If only Option slots 2 or 3 are to be changed, this stage is not required as these slots are accessible without separating the main boards from the front.
CPU
and PSU PCBs. This is achieved by detaching the main boards (PSU and
Mounting Struts
CPU
Option Slot B
)
Option Slot 2
Option Slot 1
Option Slot A
Option Slot 3
Figure 5. Location of Option Modules - 1/4 DIN Instruments
7
Option Slot 2
Option Slot A
Option Sl
ot B
Connectors PL2A,
Option Slot 3
Option Slot 1
CAUTION:
Take care not to put undue stress on the ribbon cable attaching the display and CPU boards.
2. Remove or fit the modules into the Option slots as required. The location of the connectors is shown below. Tongues on each option module locate into a slots cut into the main boards, opposite each of the connectors.
PL2B & PL2C
Connector PL4A
Connectors PL7 & PL8
Connectors PL5 & PL6
CAUTION:
Check for correct orientation of the modules and that all pins locate correctly into the socket
Connectors PL4B
Figure 6. Option Module Connectors - 1/4 DIN Instruments
8
3.5 Replacing the Instrument in its Housing
With the required option modules correctly located into their respective positions the instrument can be replaced into its housing as follows:
1. If required, move the module tongues into the slots in the board opposite. Hold the main boards together while relocating them back into the mounting struts on the front panel.
2. Align the
3.
Slowly and firmly, push the instrument in position.
CPU
and PSU PCBs with their guides and connectors in the housing.
CPU
and PSU boards back together, taking care to locate the option
CAUTION:
Ensure that the instrument is correctly orientated. A mechanical stop will operate if an attempt is made to insert the instrument in the wrong orientation, this stop MUST NOT be over-ridden.
9
SECTION 4: WIRING INSTRUCTIONS
Electrical noise is a phenomenon typical of industrial environments. As with any instrumentation, these guidelines should be followed to minimize the effect of noise.
4.1 Installation Considerations
Ignition transformers, arc welders, mechanical contact relays and solenoids are all common sources of electrical noise in an industrial environment and therefore the following guidelines MUST be followed.
1. If the instrument is being installed in existing equipment, the wiring in the area should be checked to ensure that good wiring practices have been followed.
2. Noise-generating devices such as those listed should be mounted in a separate enclosure. If this is not possible, separate them from the instrument, by the largest distance possible.
3. If possible, eliminate mechanical contact relays and replace with solid-state relays. If a mechanical relay being powered by an output of this instrument cannot be replaced, a solid­ state relay can be used to isolate the instrument.
4. A separate isolation transformer to feed only the instrumentation should be considered. The transformer can isolate the instrument from noise found on the AC power input.
4.2 AC Power Wiring - Neutral (for 100 to 240V AC versions)
It is good practice to ensure that the AC neutral is at or near ground (earth) potential. A proper neutral will help ensure maximum performance from the instrument.
4.3 Wire Isolation
Four voltage levels of input and output wiring may be used with the unit:
1. Analogue input or output (for example thermocouple, RTD, VDC, mVDC or mADC)
2. Relays & Triac outputs
3. SSR Driver outputs
4. AC power
10
CAUTION:
The only wires that should run together are those of the same category.
If any wires need to run parallel with any other lines, maintain a minimum space of 150mm between them.
If wires MUST cross each other, ensure they do so at 90 degrees to minimise interference.
4.4 Use of Shielded Cable
All analogue signals must use shielded cable. This will help eliminate electrical noise induction on the wires. Connection lead length must be kept as short as possible keeping the wires protected by the shielding. The shield should be grounded at one end only. The preferred grounding location is at the sensor, transmitter or transducer.
4.5 Noise Suppression at Source
Usually when good wiring practices are followed, no further noise protection is necessary. Sometimes in severe electrical environments, the amount of noise is so great that it has to be suppressed at source. Many manufacturers of relays, contactors etc supply 'surge suppressors' which mount on the noise source. For those devices that do not have surge suppressors supplied, Resistance-Capacitance (RC) networks and/or Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV) may be added.
Inductive coils:- MOVs are recommended for transient suppression in inductive coils, connected in parallel and as close as possible to the coil. Additional protection may be provided by adding an RC network across the MOV.
Figure 7. Transient suppression with inductive coils
11
Contacts:- Arcing may occur across contacts when they open and close. This results in electrical noise as well as damage to the contacts. Connecting a properly sized RC network can eliminate this arc.
For circuits up to 3 amps, a combination of a 47 ohm resistor and 0.1 microfarad capacitor (1000 volts) is recommended. For circuits from 3 to 5 amps, connect two of these in parallel.
Figure 8. Contact noise suppression
4.6 Sensor Placement (Thermocouple or RTD)
If the temperature probe is to be subjected to corrosive or abrasive conditions, it must be protected by an appropriate thermowell. The probe must be positioned to reflect true process temperature:
1. In a liquid media - the most agitated area
2. In air - the best circulated area
CAUTION:
The placement of probes into pipe work some distance from the heating vessel leads to transport delay, which results in poor control.
For a two wire RTD a wire link should be used in place of the third wire. Two wire RTDs must only be used with lead lengths less than 3 metres. Use of three wire RTDs is strongly recommended.
12
4.7 Thermocouple Wire Identification Chart
The different thermocouple types are identified by their wires colour, and where possible, the outer insulation as well. There are several standards in use throughout the world.
The table below shows the wire and sheath colours used for most common thermocouple types. The format used in this table is:
Table 2.
Type International
IEC584-3
Black White Yellow Yellow Red
J
T
K
N
B
R & S
+*
White
-
Brown Blue White Yellow Red
+
White
-
Green Yellow Brown Yellow Red
+
White
-*
Pink Orange Orange
+
White
-
Grey Grey Red
+
White
-
Orange Black White Yellow Red
+
White
-
Black
Brown
Green
Pink
Grey
Orange
Thermocouple Extension Wire Colours
USA ANSI
MC 96.1
Black
Red
Blue
Red
Yellow
Red
Orange
Red
Grey
Red
Green
Red
British
BS1843
Blue
Blue
Blue
Blue
Blue
NFC 42-324
Black
Black
Blue
Blue
Red
Purple
Orange
Green
Green
+
Wire
-
Wire
French
Black
Blue
Yellow
Green
Sheath
German
DIN 43710
Blue
Blue
Brown
Brown
Green
Green
Grey
Grey
White
White
C (W5)
+
-
White
White
Red
Note:
* = Wire is magnetic
4.8 Connections and Wiring
The rear terminal connections for In general, all wiring connections are made to the instrument after it is installed. Copper wires must
be used for all connections (except thermocouple signal wires).
WARNING:
TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK, AC POWER WIRING MUST NOT BE CONNECTED TO THE SOURCE DISTRIBUTION PANEL UNTIL ALL WIRING PROCEDURES ARE COMPLETED.
1/4 DIN
instruments are illustrated in the following diagram.
13
WARNING: CHECK THE INFORMATION LABEL ON THE CASE TO DETERMINE THE CORRECT
VOLTAGE BEFORE CONNECTING TO A LIVE SUPPLY.
Note:
The wiring diagram below shows all possible combinations. The actual connections required depend upon the features available on the model and the modules and options fitted.
Figure 9. Rear terminals (1/4-DIN Instruments)
14
4.9 Power Connections - Mains Powered Instruments
Mains powered instruments operate from a 100 to 240V (±10%) 50/60Hz supply. Power consumption is 7.5VA. Connect the line voltage (live and neutral) as illustrated via a two-pole isolating switch (preferably located near the equipment) and a 1amp anti-surge fuse. If the instrument has relay outputs with contacts carrying mains voltage, it is recommended that the relay contacts supply should be switched and fused in a similar manner, but should be separate from the instruments mains supply.
WARNING:
CHECK THE INFORMATION LABEL ON THE CASE TO DETERMINE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE BEFORE CONNECTING TO A LIVE SUPPLY.
CAUTION:
This equipment is designed for installation in an enclosure that provides adequate protection against electric shock
13
14
Figure 10. Mains Power Connections
L
N
4.10 Power Connections - 24/48V AC/DC Powered Instruments
24/48V AD/DC powered instruments will operate from a 20 to 48V AC or 22 to 55V DC supply. AC power consumption is 7.5VA max, DC power consumption is 5 watts max. Connection should be via a two-pole isolating switch (preferably located near the equipment) and a 315mA slow-blow (anti­surge type T) fuse.
13
14
Figure 11. 24/48V AC/DC Power Connections
_
+
15
WARNING:
CHECK THE INFORMATION LABEL ON THE CASE TO DETERMINE THE CORRECT VOLTAGE BEFORE CONNECTING TO A LIVE SUPPLY.
4.11 Universal Input Connections - Thermocouple (T/C)
Use only the correct thermocouple wire or compensating cable from the probe to the instrument terminals avoiding joints in the cable if possible. Failure to use the correct wire type will lead to inaccurate readings. Ensure correct polarity of the wires by cross-referencing the colours with a
thermocouple reference table
.
3
2
_
+
Figure 12. Thermocouple Input Connections
4.12 Universal Input Connections – PT100 (RTD) input
For three wire RTDs, connect the resistive leg and the common legs of the RTD as illustrated. For a two wire RTD a wire link should be used in place of the third wire (shown by dotted line). Two wire RTDs should only be used when the leads are less than 3 metres long. Avoid cable joints.
3
2
RTD
1
Figure 13. RTD Input Connections
Four wire RTDs can be used, provided that the fourth wire is left unconnected. This wire should be cut short or tied back so that it cannot contact any of the terminals on the rear of the instrument.
16
4.13 Universal Input Connections - Linear Volt, mV or mA input
Linear DC voltage, millivolt or milliamp input connections are made as illustrated. Carefully observe the polarity of the connections.
4
+
3
2
1
Figure 14. DC Volt, mV & mA Input Connections
_
+
_
mV/V
mA
4.14 Option Slot 1
Relay Output Module
If option slot 1 is fitted with a relay output module, make connections as illustrated. The relay contacts are rated at 2 amps resistive, 240 VAC (120V max for direct
Valve Motor control
).
Figure 15. Option Slot 1 – Relay Module Connections
19
20
21
N/C
COM
N/O
17
Option Slot 1 - SSR Driver Output Module
If option slot 1 is fitted with an state relay driver is a 0-10V DC signal, load impedance must be no less than 500 ohms. SSR driver outputs are not isolated from the signal input or other SSR driver outputs.
SSR
driver output module, make connections as illustrated. The solid-
20
21
Figure 16. Option Slot 1 - SSR Driver Module Connections
Option Slot 1 - Triac Output Module
If option slot 1 is fitted with a Triac output module, make connections as shown. This output is rated at 0.01 to 1 amp @ 280V AC 50/60Hz. (140V max for direct Valve Motor control).
19
20
_
Figure 17. Option Slot 1 - Triac Module Connections
21
+
Option Slot 1 - Linear Voltage or mADC Output module
If option slot 1 is fitted with a DC linear output module, make connections as illustrated.
19
20
21
_
+
Figure 18. Option Slot 1 - Linear Voltage & mADC Module Connections
18
4.15 Option Slot 2
Option Slot 2 - Relay Output Module
If option slot 2 is fitted with a relay output module, make connections as illustrated. The relay contacts are rated at 2 amps resistive, 240 VAC (120V max for direct Valve Motor control).
22
N/C
23
24
COM
N/O
Figure 19. Option Slot 2 - Relay Module Connections
Option Slot 2 - SSR Driver Output Module
If option slot 2 is fitted with an state relay driver is a 0-10V DC signal, load impedance must be no less than 500 ohms. SSR driver outputs are not isolated from the signal input or other SSR driver outputs.
SSR
driver output module, make connections as illustrated. The solid-
22
23
24
_
+
Figure 20. Option Slot 2 - SSR Driver Module Connections
Option Slot 2 - Triac Output Module
If option slot 2 is fitted with a Triac output module, make connections as shown. This output is rated at 0.01 to 1 amp @ 280V AC 50/60Hz. (140V max for direct Valve Motor control).
23
24
Figure 21. Option Slot 2 - Triac Module Connections
19
WARNING:
THIS MODULE MUST NOT BE FITTED INTO OPTION SLOT 3.
Option Slot 2 - Linear Voltage or mADC Output module
If option slot 2 is fitted with a DC linear output module, make connections as illustrated.
22
_
23
24
+
Figure 22. Option Slot 2 - Linear Voltage & mADC module Connections
4.16 Option Slot 3
Option Slot 3 - Relay Output Module
If option slot 3 is fitted with a relay output module, make connections as illustrated. The relay contacts are rated at 2 amps resistive, 240 VAC (120V max for direct Valve Motor control).
10
11
N/C
COM
12
Figure 23. Option Slot 3 - Relay Module Connections
N/O
20
Option Slot 3 - SSR Driver Output Module
If option slot 3 is fitted with an state relay driver is a 0-10V DC signal; load impedance must be no less than 500 ohms. SSR driver outputs are not isolated from the signal input or other SSR driver outputs.
SSR
driver output module, make connections as illustrated. The solid-
10
_
11
12
Figure 24. Option Slot 3 - SSR Driver Module Connections
+
Option Slot 3 - Linear Voltage or mADC Output module
If option slot 3 is fitted with a DC linear output module, make connections as illustrated.
10
_
11
12
+
Figure 25. Option Slot 3 - Linear Voltage & mADC Module Connections
Option Slot 3 - Transmitter Power Supply Module
If option slot 3 is fitted with a transmitter power supply module, make connections as illustrated. The output is an unregulated 24V DC, 22mA supply.
11
12
10
_
+
Figure 26. Option Slot 3 - Transmitter Power Supply Module Connections
WARNING:
THIS MODULE MUST NOT BE FITTED INTO OPTION SLOT 2.
21
4.17 Option Slot A
Option Slot A Connections - RS485 Serial Communications Module
If option slot A is fitted with the RS485 serial communication module, connections are as illustrated. Carefully observe the polarity of the A (Rx/Tx +ve) and B (Rx/Tx -ve) connections.
Figure 27. Option Slot A – RS485 Serial Communications Module Connections
16
17
18
RS485
COM
Option Slot A Connections - Digital Input Module
If a digital input module is fitted in option slot A, this may be connected to either voltage free contacts (e.g. switch or relay), or a TTL compatible voltage. Connections are shown below.
16
17
+
_
Figure 28. Option Slot A – Digital Input Module Connections
Option Slot A Connections – Basic Auxiliary Input Module
If option slot A is fitted with a basic auxiliary input module, connect as shown. For 1/4-DIN & 1/8-DIN models it is recommend that the full auxiliary input (Option Slot B) is used instead, as this has additional features and leaves option slot A free for other modules.
16
17
+
_
Figure 29. Option Slot A – Basic Auxiliary Input Module Connections
WARNING:
THIS MODULE MUST NOT BE FITTED IF FULL AUXILIARY INPUT IS FITTED IN OPTION SLOT B.
22
4.18 Option Slot B
Option Slot B Connections – Heater Current Input Module
If the heater current measurement feature is available, connections from the secondary winding of the current transformer are as illustrated below.
7
CT Secondary
6
Figure 30. Option Slot B – Heater Current Input Connections
Option Slot B Connections – Digital Input 2 (Full Auxiliary Module)
If option slot B is fitted with the Full Auxiliary input module (see below), a secondary digital input is also provided. This may be connected to either the voltage free contacts of a switch or relay, or a TTL compatible voltage.
9
8
Figure 31. Option Slot B – Digital Input 2 Connections
+
_
Option Slot B Connections – 1/4 DIN Full Auxiliary Input Module
If option slot B is fitted with full auxiliary input feature, input connections are as shown.
7
6
5
Figure 32. Option Slot B – Full Auxiliary Input Connections
WARNING:
IF THE FULL AUXILIARY MODULE HAS BEEN FITTED, THE BASIC AUXILIARY INPUT MUST NOT BE FITTED INTO OPTION SLOT A.
(or Pot Low)
+
_
(or Pot Wiper)
(or Pot High)
23
SECTION 5: POWERING UP
WARNING:
ENSURE SAFE WIRING PRACTICES ARE FOLLOWED
The instrument must be powered from a supply according to the wiring label on the side of the unit. The supply will be either 100 to 240V AC, or 24/48V AC/DC powered. Check carefully the supply voltage and connections before applying power.
CAUTION:
When powering up for the first time, disconnect the output connections.
5.1 Powering Up Procedure
At power up, a self-test procedure is automatically started, during which all indicators are lit. At the first power up from new, or if the option modules are changed, Goto ConF will be displayed, indicating configuration is required (refer to times, the instrument returns to operator mode once the self-test procedure is complete.
LED
segments and
section 6
). At all other
5.2 Overview of Front Panel
The illustration below shows a typical instrument front panel. Refer to the following table
LED functions
for a description of the front panel indicators.
– Typical
Figure 33. Front panel and keys
24
5.3 Displays
Controllers are provided with a dual line display and
LED
indicators for mode, automatic tune, alarm and output status. The upper display shows the process variable value during normal operation, while the lower display shows the Setpoint value. See the preceding diagram - Typical front panel and keys.
5.4 Keypad
Each instrument in the range has four switches, which are used to navigate through the user menus and make adjustment to the parameter values. See the preceding diagram - Typical front panel and keys
5.5 LED Functions
LED
Table 3.
ON indicates the Setup Mode has been entered (This LED is labelled SET on indicator models)
FLASHING indicates the manual mode has been entered (On indicator models this LED is labelled SET and flashes when in Configuration Mode )
Typical LED functions
Function
ON indicates that Controller
FLASHING indicates that Controller
FLASHING indicates that an alarm condition is present
FLASHES in unison with Time Proportioning Primary outputs, or turns ON with Valve Motor “Open” outputs.
For Current Proportioned outputs, ON indicates primary power is >0% It turns ON when the stored Max. PV value is displayed on indicators
FLASHES in unison with Time Proportioning Secondary outputs, or turns ON with Valve Motor “Close” outputs.
For Current Proportioned outputs, ON secondary power is >0% It turns ON when the stored Min. PV value is displayed on indicators
Self Tune
Pre-Tune
mode is engaged
mode is engaged
25
SECTION 6: MESSAGES AND ERROR INDICATIONS
The following displays are shown when an error occurs or a hardware change is detected.
Table 4.
Error/Faults conditions
Error/Faults Conditions Upper display Lower Display
(where fitted)
Configuration & Setup is required. Seen at first turn on or if hardware configuration changed. Press to enter Configuration Mode, next press or to enter the unlock code number, then press to proceed.
Configuration must be completed before return to operator mode is allowed 1
Input more than 5% over-range2 Input more than 5% under-range3 Sensor Break. Break detected in
the input sensor or wiring Auxiliary input over-range
Goto
[HH]
*
[LL]
*
OPEN
*
Normal Display
ConF
Normal Display Normal Display Normal Display
[HH]
*
Auxiliary input under-range Auxiliary Break. Break detected in
Normal Display Normal Display
[LL]
OPEN
*
*
the auxiliary input Option 1 module fault. Option 2 module fault. Option 3 module fault. Option A module fault. Option B module fault.
Err
Err
Err
Err
Opn1
Opn2
Opn3
OpnA
Err Opnb
* Note
Input sensor and Auxiliary over/under-range or break indications will be seen wherever these values would normally be displayed.
1
This feature does not guarantee correct configuration. It only helps to ensure that the unit will be configured
before use. Use of set-up mode is not enforced but may be essential for the users application.
2
If the PV display exceeds
3
Indicators will allow up to 10% under-range on non-zero based Linear ranges. If the PV display is less than
−1999
before the % under-range is reached, an under-range indication is given.
9999
before 5% over-range is reached, an over-range indication is given.
26
SECTION 7: INSTRUMENT OPERATION MODES
7.1 Select Mode
This mode is used to gain entry to each of the modes available in the instrument.
Entry into the Select Mode
Hold down and press in any mode to force the unit to enter Select Mode.
Navigating in Select Mode
Once in Select Mode, press or to select the required mode, then press to enter the chosen mode.
To prevent unauthorised entry to Configuration, Setup and Automatic Tuning modes, an unlock code is required. These are shown in the
- Lock code values
table.
Table 5.
Mode Description Upper/Main
Operator Mode
Set Up Mode
Configuration Mode
Product Information Mode
Automatic Tune Mode
The Default Mode on power up used for normal operation.
Used to tailor the instrument to the application, adjustment of tuning terms etc.
Used to configure the instrument for first time use or on re-installation.
Used to check the hardware, firmware and manufacturing information of the instrument.
Used to invoke
self-tune
on controllers
Select Mode Menus
pre-tune
or
Lower
Display
OPtr SLCt
SEtP SLCt
ConF SLCt
inFo SLCt
Atun SLCt
Display
Unlock Codes
The ULoc screen is seen before entry is allowed to Configuration, Setup and Automatic Tuning modes.
An unlock code must be correctly selected using the or keys to enter the required mode. An incorrect entry results in a return to Select Mode. The value of the lock codes only can be changed from within the modes that they apply to.
27
Table 6.
Description Upper/Main
Lock Code – Entry and Default Values
Lower Display
Display
Default values are: Automatic Tune Mode =
Set-up
mode =
10
10
1010
Configuration Mode =
0000
20
20
2020
.
0 ULoc
7.2 Automatic Tune Mode
Automatic Tune Mode is selected when it is desired to use the controller to assist the user in setting up Proportional band, Integral and Derivative parameter values. Refer to the following
Pre-tune can be used to set Controller to optimise the tuning. Pre-Tune APt parameter in Setup Mode.
Pre-tune
Automatic Tune Mode
PID
parameters approximately.
can be set to run automatically after every power-up using the Auto
table.
Pre-tune
and
Self-tune
Self-tune
facilities on a
may then be used
The AT indicator will flash while pre-tune is operating, and is continuously on while Self­tune is operating. If both Pre-tune and Self-tune are engaged the AT indicator will flash until Pre­tune is finished, and is then continuously on.
Navigating in Automatic Tune Mode
Press to select the next parameter in the table and or to set the value required. Hold down and press to return to Select Mode.
Note:
If there is no key activity for 2 minutes the controller automatically returns to operator mode
28
Table 7.
Parameter Upper Display
Adjustment Range
On
or
OFF
OFF
.
OFF
.
OFF
Pre-tune
Self-tune
Automatic tune mode lock code
Indication remains cannot be used at this time. This applies if:
a). The setpoint is ramping b). The process variable is less than
5% of span from the setpoint c). The primary or secondary output
proportional bands = 0
On
or Indication remains cannot be used at this time. This applies if either proportional band = 0.
0 to 9999
7.3 Product Information Mode
Automatic Tune Mode Parameters
Lower
Display
Ptun OFF
if Pre-Tune
Stun OFF
if Self-Tune
tLoc 0
Default
Value
When
Visible
Controller
models only
Controller
models only
Controller
models only
This is a read only mode describing the instrument and the options fitted to it.
Navigating in the Product Information Mode
Press to view each parameter in turn. Hold Down and press to return to
Select Mode
.
Note:
If there is no key activity for 2 minutes the controller automatically returns to operator mode
Table 8.
Parameter Possible Values Upper/Main
Input type Universal input Option 1
module type
No option fitted Relay SSR drive
Product Information Mode Parameters
Display
Uni In_1
nonE
rLY
SSr
Lower
Display
OPn1
Triac Linear voltage / current output
29
tri
Lin
Parameter Possible Values Upper/Main
Display
Option 2 module type
No option fitted. Relay
nonE
rLy
Lower
Display
OPn2
Option 3 module type
Auxiliary option A module type
Auxiliary option B module type
Firmware
Dual relay SSR drive Triac Linear voltage / current output No option fitted. Relay Dual relay SSR drive Linear voltage / current output 24V Transmitter power supply No option fitted RS485 comms Digital input Basic Auxiliary input
No option fitted Full Auxiliary input and
digital input 2 Value displayed is firmware type number
drLy
SSr
Lin
nonE
drLy
rLy
SSr
Lin
dc24
none
r485
diGi
RSPi
none
RSPi
tri
OPn3
OPnA
OPnb
FUU
Issue No. Product Rev
Level Date of
manufacture Serial
number 1 Serial
number 2 Serial
number 3
Value displayed is firmware issue number Value displayed is Product Revision Level.
Manufacturing date code (mmyy)
First four digits of serial number
Second four digits of serial number
Last four digits of serial number
ISS
PrL
dO
Sn1
Sn2
Sn3
M
30
7.4 Lock Code View
In the event that a lock code is forgotten, the instrument lock code values can be seen in the lock code view. In this view the codes are read only, the codes can be changed from the mode to which they apply.
Entry and Navigating in Lock Code View Mode
Press and
together while the instrument is powering up until the CLoc display is
shown. Once in this mode Press
to step between lock codes.
Note:
If there is no key activity for 2 minutes the instrument returns to Operator Mode. To forcefully exit this view, switch off the instrument.
Lock Code Name
Configuration Lock Code
Setup Lock Code
Automatic Tune Lock Code
Table 9.
Description Upper/Main
Read only view of Configuration Lock Code.
Read only view of Setup Mode Lock Code.
Read only view of Automatic Tune Lock Code.
Lock Code View Menu
Display
Current Value
Current Value
Current Value
Lower Display
CLoc
SLoc
tLoc
*Note:
On Indicators (which have a single line display), this legend is shown for approx 1 second before the Main display value.
31
SECTION 8: 1400+ CONTROLLER – MODEL GROUP
These controllers combine technical functionality, field flexibility and ease of use to give you the best in comprehensive process control.
Heat/Cool operation Auto/Manual Tuning Remote or Dual setpoint selection options Two process alarms RS485 Modbus and ASCII comms option Ramping setpoint PC configuration option
Loop alarm
8.1 1400+ Controllers - Configuration Mode
This mode is normally used only when the instrument is configured for the first time or when a major change is made to the instruments characteristics. The Configuration Mode parameters must be set as required before adjusting parameters in Setup Mode, or attempting to use the instrument in an application.
Entry into the Configuration Mode
CAUTION:
Adjustments to these parameters should only be performed by personnel competent and authorised to do so.
Configuration is entered from
Hold down and press to force the controller into the Select Mode. then Press or to navigate to the Configuration Mode option, then press .
Select Mode
Note:
Entry into this mode is security-protected by the Configuration Mode Lock Code. Refer to the Unlock Code section for more details.
Scrolling through Parameters and Values
Press to scroll through the parameters (parameters are described below).
Note:
Only parameters that are applicable to the hardware options chosen will be displayed.
32
Changing Parameter Values
Press to navigate to the required parameter, then press or to set the value as required.
Once the value is changed, the display will flash to indicate that confirmation of the change is required. The value will revert back if not confirmed within 10 seconds.
Press to accept the change. Or Press to reject the change and to move onto the next parameter.
Hold down and press to return to Select Mode.
Note:
If there is no key activity for 2 minutes the instrument returns to the operator mode.
Parameter Lower
Display
Input type and Range
InPt
Table 10.
Upper Display
J
J
k
K
1400+ Configuration Mode Parameters
Description Default
bC
bF
CC
CF
JC
JF
.
C
.
F
K
C
K
F
.
C
.
F
LC
B type: 100 to 1824 ºC B type: 211 to 3315 ºF C type: 0 to 2320 ºC C type: 32 to 4208 ºF J type: -200 to 1200 ºC J type: -328 to 2192 ºF J type: -128.8 to 537.7 ºC
with decimal point J type: -199.9 to 999.9 ºF
with decimal point K type: -240 to 1373 ºC K type: -400 to 2503 ºF K type: -128.8 to 537.7 ºC
with decimal point K type: -199.9 to 999.9 ºF
with decimal point L type: 0 to 762 ºC
Value
JC
for Europe
JF
for USA
When Visible
Always
LF
L
.
C
L type: 32 to 1403 ºF L type: 0.0 to 537.7 ºC
with decimal point
33
Parameter Lower
Display
Upper Display
L
.
F
Description Default
Value
L type: 32.0 to 999.9 ºF with decimal point
When Visible
Parameter Lower
Display
Input type and Range (continued)
Upper Display
NC
NF
rC
rF
SC
SF
tC
tF
t.C
t.F
P24C
P24F
PTC
Description Default
Value
N type: 0 to 1399 ºC N type: 32 to 2551 ºF R type: 0 to 1759 ºC R type: 32 to 3198 ºF S type: 0 to 1762 ºC S type: 32 to 3204 ºF T type: -240 to 400 ºC T type: -400 to 752 ºF T type: -128.8 to 400.0 ºC
with decimal point T type: -199.9 to 752.0 ºF
with decimal point PtRh20% vs PtRh40%:
0 to 1850 ºC PtRh20% vs PtRh40%:
32 to 3362 ºF Pt100: -199 to 800 ºC
JC
for Europe
JF
for USA
When Visible
Always
PtF
Pt
.
Pt
.
0_20
4_20
0_50
10
.
50
0_5
1_5
0_10
C
F
Pt100: -328 to 1472 ºF Pt100: -128.8 to 537.7 ºC
with decimal point Pt100: -199.9 to 999.9 ºF
with decimal point 0 to 20mA DC
4 to 20mA DC 0 to 50mV DC 10 to 50mV DC
0 to 5V DC 1 to 5V DC 0 to 10V DC
34
Parameter Lower
Display
Scale Range Upper Limit
Scale Range Lower Limit
Decimal point position
Control Type
ruL
rLL
dPoS
CtYP
Upper
Description Default
Display
2_10
Scale Range Lower Limit +100 to Range Max
Range Min. to Scale range Upper Limit ­100
0
1
2
3
SnGL
duAL
2 to 10V DC
Decimal point position in non-temperature ranges. 0 = XXXX 1 = XXX.X 2 = XX.XX 3 = X.XXX
Primary control Primary and Secondary
control (e.g. for heat & cool)
Value
Linear inputs = 1000 (°C/°F inputs = max range)
Linear = 0 (°C/°F = min range)
1
SnGL
When Visible
Always
Always
Inpt
V or mA
Always
= mV,
Primary Output Control Action
Alarm 1Type
Process High Alarm 1 value*
Process Low Alarm 1 value*
Deviation Alarm 1 Value*
Band Alarm 1 value*
Alarm 1 Hysteresis*
Alarm 2 Type
CtRL
ALA1
PhA1
PLA1
dAL1
bAL1
AHY1
ALA2
reu
dir
P_Hi
P_Lo
dE
bAnd
nonE
Range Min. to Range Max.
Parameter repeated in Setup Mode Range Min. to Range Max
Parameter repeated in Setup Mode ±span from setpoint
Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
1 LSD to full span from setpoint. Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
1 LSD to 100% of span (in display units) on “safe” side of alarm point. Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
As for alarm 1 type
Reverse Acting Direct Acting Process High Alarm Process Low Alarm Deviation Alarm Band Alarm No alarm
reu
P_Hi
Range
Max.
Range
Min.
5
5
1
P_Lo
Always
Always
ALA1 = P_Hi
ALA1 = P_Lo
ALA1 = dE ALA1 = bAnd
Always
Always
Process High Alarm 2 value*
PhA2
Range Min. to Range Max.
Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
35
Range
Max.
ALA2 = P_Hi
Parameter Lower
Display
Process Low Alarm 2 value*
Deviation Alarm 2 Value*
Band Alarm 2 value*
Alarm 2 Hysteresis*
Loop Alarm Enable
Loop Alarm Time*
PLA2
dAL2
bAL2
AHY2
LAEn
LATi
Upper
Description Default
Display
Range Min. to Range Max. Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
±span from setpoint. Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
1 LSD to full span from setpoint. Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
1 LSD to 100% of span (in display units) on “safe” side of alarm point. Parameter repeated in Setup Mode
disA (disabled) or EnAb (enabled)
1 sec to 99 mins. 59secs Only applies if primary proportional band = 0
Value
Range
Min.
5
5
1
disA
99
.
59
When Visible
ALA2 = P_Lo
ALA2 = dE ALA2
=
And
Always
Always
LAEn = EnAb
b
Alarm Inhibit
Output 1 Usage
Inhi
USE1
none
ALA1
ALA2
both
Pri
Sec
Al_d
A1_r
A2_d
A2_r
LP_d
LP_r
Or_d
Or_r
No alarms Inhibited Alarm 1 inhibited Alarm 2 inhibited Alarm 1 and alarm 2
inhibited Primary Power
Secondary Power Alarm 1, Direct Acting
Alarm 1, Reverse Acting Alarm 2, Direct Acting Alarm 2, Reverse Acting Loop Alarm, Direct Acting Loop Alarm, Reverse Acting Logical Alarm 1 OR Alarm 2
Direct Acting Logical Alarm 1 OR Alarm 2
Reverse Acting
none
Pri
Always
Opn1
is not
none
Not linear Not linear Not linear Not linear Not linear Not linear
Not linear
Not linear
Ar_d
Ar_r
retS
retP
Linear Output
tYP1 0_5
Logical Alarm 1 AND Alarm 2, Direct Acting
Logical Alarm 1 AND Alarm 2, Reverse Acting
Retransmit SP Output Retransmit PV Output 0 to 5 V DC output 1
36
0_10
Not linear
Not linear Linear only
Linear only
Opn1 =
Parameter Lower
Display
1 Range
Retransmit Output 1 Scale maximum
Retransmit Output 1 Scale minimum
Output 2 Usage
Linear Output 2 Range
Retransmit Output 2 Scale maximum
ro1H
ro1L
USE2
tYP2
ro2H
Upper
Description Default
Display
0_10
2_10
0_20
4_20
−1999
−1999
to
−1999−1999
Display value at which output will be maximum
−1999
−1999 to 9999
−1999−1999
Display value at which output will be minimum
As for output 1
As for output 1
−1999
−1999
to
−1999−1999
Display value at which output will be maximum
0 to 10 V DC output 2 to 10 V DC output 0 to 20 mA DC output 4 to 20 mA DC output
9999
9999
99999999
9999
99999999
9999
9999
99999999
Value
Range max
Range min
Sec
if dual control selected else
A2_d
0_10
0_10
0_100_10
Range max
When Visible
Lin
Use1 = retS
retP Use1
retS retP
Opn2
is not
none
Opn2 Lin
Use2 retS retP
or
or
or
=
=
=
Retransmit Output 2 Scale minimum
Output 3 Usage
Linear Output 3 Range
Retransmit Output 3 Scale maximum
Retransmit Output 3 Scale minimum
Display Strategy
Comms Protocol
ro2L
USE3
tYP3
ro3H
ro3L
disp
Prot
−1999
−1999 to 9999
−1999−1999
Display value at which output will be minimum
As for output 1
As for output 1
−1999
−1999
−1999−1999
Display value at which output will be maximum
−1999
−1999 to 9999
−1999−1999
Display value at which output will be minimum
1111, 2
2, 3
2 2
(see Operator Mode)
ASCI
MbE
to
3, 4
4, 5
3 3
4 4
Mbn
Mbo
9999
99999999
9999
9999
99999999
9999
99999999
5 or6666
5 5
ASCII Modbus with no parity
Modbus with Even Parity Modbus with Odd Parity
Range min
Use2 retS retP
Al_d
Opn3
is not
none
0_10
0_10
0_100_10
Opn3 Lin
Range max
Use3 retS retP
Range min
Use3 = retS retP
1111
Always
Mbn OpnA = r
485
=
or
=
=
or
or
37
Parameter Lower
Display
Bit rate
bAud
Upper Display
1111
.
2222
2222
.
4444
Description Default
Value
1.2 kbps
2.4 kbps
4444
.
8888
When Visible
OpnA = r 485
Communica­tions Address
Communica­tions Write Enable
Digital Input 1 Usage
Digital Input 2 Usage
Addr
CoEn
diGi
diG2
4444
.
9999
.
19
19
.
1919
1111
r_ W
diS1
diAs
diS1
diAs
8888 6666
2222
r_ o
4.8 kbps
9.6 kbps
19.2 kbps Unique address assigned to
the instrument in the range of 1 to 255 (Modbus), 1 to 99 (Ascii)
Read only. Comms writes ignored
Read / Write. Writing via Comms is possible
Setpoint 1 / Setpoint 2 Select**
Automatic / Manual Select**
Setpoint 1 / Setpoint 2 Select**
Automatic / Manual Select**
r_ W
diS1
dirS
1111
OpnA = r485
Always
OpnA = diGi
Opnb = rSPi
Remote Setpoint Input Range
Remote Setpoint Upper Limit
Remote Setpoint Lower Limit
rinP
rSPu
rSPL
dirs
0_20
0_20
0_200_20 4_20
4_20
4_204_20 0_10
0_10
0_100_10 2_10
2_10
2_102_10
0_5
0_5
0_50_5
1_5
1_5
1_51_5
100
100
100100
Pot
−1999
−1999 to 9999
−1999−1999
RSP value to be used when RSP input is at maximum.
−1999
−1999 to 9999
−1999−1999
RSP value to be used when RSP input is at minimum.
9999
99999999
9999
99999999
Remote / Local Setpoint Select
0 to 20mA DC input 4 to 20mA DC input 0 to 10V DC input 2 to 10V DC input 0 to 5V DC input 1 to 5V DC input 0 to 100mV DC input Potentiometer (2KΩ)
0_10
Range max
Range min
OpnA
or
Opnb =
rSPi
Opnb = rSPi
OpnA = rSPi
OpnA = rSPi
38
Parameter Lower
Display
Remote Setpoint Offset
Configura­tion Mode Lock
Code
rSPo
CLoc
Upper
Description Default
Display
Offset applied to RSP value. Constrained within Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit.
0000
to
9999
9999
99999999
Value
0
20
When Visible
OpnA = rSPi
Always
*Note:
Alarm parameters marked * are repeated in Setup Mode.
**Note:
If
diGi
or
diG2 = diS1
the remote setpoint input feature is disabled. The instrument uses the two internal setpoints (SP1 & SP2) instead. If
diGi
and
diG2
are set to the same value, the status of digital input 2 will take precedence
over digital input 1.
8.2 1400+ – Setup Mode
This mode is normally selected only after when a change to the process set up is required. It can affect the range of adjustments available in
Operator Mode
. Using the PC Configurator software, it is possible to configure an Extended Operator Mode. Setup Mode parameters are moved into Operator Mode, and these parameters appear after the normal Operator Mode screen sequence has been completed.
Configuration Mode
has been completed, and is used
Note:
Entry into Setup Mode is security-protected by the Setup Mode lock code.
Entry into the Setup Mode
Hold down and press to enter the Select Mode Press or to navigate to the Setup Mode option, then press to enter Setup
Mode.
Scrolling through Parameters & Values
Press to scroll through the parameters (refer to the table below) and their values.
Changing Parameter Values
Press to select the required parameter, then press or to set the value as required.
Once the displayed value is changed the effect is immediate. No confirmation of the change is required.
Note:
If there is no key activity for two minutes the instrument returns to the operator mode.
39
Table 11.
1400+ Set Up Mode Parameters
Parameter Lower
Display
Input Filter Time constant
Process Variable Offset Primary Power
Secondary Power
Primary Output Proportional Band
Secondary Output Proportional Band
Automatic Reset (Integral Time Constant)
Rate (Derivative Time Constant)
Overlap/Deadband
Manual Reset (Bias)
Primary Output ON/OFF Differential
Secondary Output ON/OFF Differential
Primary and Secondary Output ON/OFF Differential
Setpoint Upper Limit
FiLt
OFFS
PPW
SPW
Pb_P
Pb_S
Arst
rATE
OL
biAS
diFP
diFS
diFF
SPuL
Upper Display
Adjustment Range
OFF, 0.5 to 100.0 secs in
0.5 sec increments ±Span of controller
The current Primary Output Power. Read Only.
The current Secondary Output power. Read Only.
0.0% (ON/OFF control) and 0.5% to 999.9% of input span.
0.0% (ON/OFF control) and 0.5% to 999.9% of input span.
0.01 to 99.59 (1 sec to 99 mins 59 secs) and OFF
0.00 to 99.59 (OFF to 99 mins 59 secs)
-20% to +20% of the sum of the Primary and Secondary Proportional Bands
0% to 100% (-100% to 100% if
0.1% to 10.0% of input span (enter in % span)
0.1% to 10.0% of input span (enter in % span)
0.1% to 10.0% of input span (enter in % span)
Current Setpoint value to Scale Range Maximum
Ctyp
=
duAL
)
Default
Value
2222
.
0000
0000
N/A
N/A
10
10
.
0000
1010
10
10
.
0000
1010
5555
.
00
00
0000
1111
.
15
15
1515
0000
25
25
2525
0000
.
5555
0000
.
5555
0000
.
5555
Range
Max.
When Visible
Always
Always Always
Ctyp
=
Always
Ctyp
=
Pb_P
is not
0000
Pb_P
is not
0000
Pb_P
is not
0000.0000
Pb_P
is not
0000
Pb_P
=
Pb_S
=
Pb_P
and
Pb_S
Always
=
duAL
duAL
.
0000
.
0000
.
0000
0000
.
0000
0000
.
0000
0000
.
0000
Setpoint Lower limit
Primary (Heat) Output Upper Power Limit
Output 1 Cycle Time
SPLL
OPuL
CT1
Scale Range Minimum to current Setpoint value
0% to 100% of full power
0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 secs. Not applicable to linear outputs
40
Range Min Always
Pb_P
is not
USE1
0000
100
100
100100
32
32
3232
= Pri
or
Sec
or
bus
.
0000
Parameter Lower
Display
Output 2 Cycle Time
Output 3 Cycle Time
Process High Alarm 1 value*
Process Low Alarm 1 value*
Deviation Alarm 1 Value*
Band Alarm 1 value*
Alarm 1 Hysteresis*
CT2
CT3
PhA1
PLA1
dAL1
bAL1
AHY1
Upper Display
Adjustment Range
0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 secs. Not applicable to linear outputs
0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 secs. Not applicable to linear outputs
Range Min. to Range Max.
Range Min. to Range Max.
±span from setpoint
1 LSD to full span from setpoint.
Up to 100% of span
Default
Value
32
32
3232
32
32
3232
Range
Max.
Range
Min.
5555
5555
1111
When Visible
USE2 = Pri
or
Sec
or
bus USE3 = Pri
or
Sec
or
bus ALA1 = P_Hi
ALA1
ALA1
ALA1
Always
=
P_Lo
= dE
=
bAnd
Process High Alarm 2 value*
Process Low Alarm 2 value*
Deviation Alarm 2 Value
Band Alarm 2 value*
Alarm 2 Hysteresis* Loop Alarm Time*
Auto Pre-tune enable / disable
Manual Control select enable / disable
Setpoint Select shown in Operator Mode, enable / disable
PhA2
PLA2
dAL2
bAL2
AHY2
LATi
APT
PoEn
SSEn
Range Min. to Range Max.
Range Min. to Range Max.
±span from setpoint
1 LSD to full span from setpoint.
Up to 100% of span 1 sec to 99 mins. 59secs.
Only applies if primary proportional band = 0
diSA
disabled or
EnAb diSA EnAb diSA EnAb
enabled
disabled or
enabled
disabled or
enabled
Range
Max.
Range
Min.
5555
5555
1111
99.59
99.59
99.5999.59
diSA
diSA
diSA
ALA2 = P_Hi
ALA2
=
ALA2 = dE
ALA2
Always
=
LAEn = EnAb
Always
Always
Slot A or B fitted with RSP module
P_Lo
bAnd
Setpoint ramp shown in operator mode, enable / disable
SP Ramp Rate Value
Spr
rP
diSA
disabled or
EnAb
1 to 9999 units/hour or Off (blank)
enabled
41
diSA
Blank
Always
Always
Parameter Lower
Display
Setpoint Value
SP
Upper Display
Adjustment Range
Within scale range upper and lower limits
Default
Value
Range minimum
When Visible
Always
Local Setpoint Value
LSP
_LSP
or
*LSP
Setpoint 1 Value
SP1
_SP1
or
*
SP1
Setpoint2 Value
SP2
_SP2
or
*
SP2
Set-up Lock Code **First Operator mode displays follows.
SLoc
Within scale range upper and lower limits.
____ or * before the legend indicates if this is the currently active SP
Within scale range upper and lower limits.
____ or * before the legend indicates if this is the currently active SP
Within scale range upper and lower limits.
____ or * before the legend indicates if this is the currently active SP
0 to 9999
Range minimum.
Range minimum.
Range minimum.
10
10
1010
OpnA Opnb
diGi
or
=
or
rSPi
diG2 = diS1
diGi
or
diG2
=
diS1
Always
Note:
Alarm parameters marked * are repeated in Configuration Mode.
Note:
**Once the complete list of Set Up Mode parameters has been displayed, the first Operator Mode display is shown without exiting from Set Up Mode. Display seen is dependant on the Display Strategy and status of Auto/Manual mode selection.
42
8.3 1400+ Controllers - Operator Mode
This is the mode used during normal operation of the instrument. It can be accessed from Select Mode, and is the usual mode entered at power-up. The available displays are dependent upon whether Dual or Remote Setpoint modes are being used, whether Setpoint Ramping is enabled and the setting of the Display Strategy parameter in Configuration Mode.
WARNING:
IN NORMAL OPERATION, THE OPERATOR MUST NOT REMOVE THE CONTROLLER FROM ITS HOUSING OR HAVE UNRESTRICTED ACCESS TO THE REAR TERMINALS, AS THIS WOULD PROVIDE POTENTIAL CONTACT WITH HAZARDOUS LIVE PARTS.
CAUTION:
Set all Configuration Mode parameters and Set Up Mode parameters as required before starting normal operations.
1400+ Controllers – Extended Operator Mode
Using the PC configuration software, it is possible to extend the Operator Mode displays available by adding parameters from Setup Mode. When an extended Operator Mode is configured the additional parameters are available after the standard operator displays.
Navigating in Operator Mode
Press to move between displays. When a display value can be adjusted, use or to change its value.
Note:
The operator can freely view the parameters in this mode, but alteration depends on the settings in the Configuration and Set Up Modes. All parameters in Display strategy 6 are read only, and can only be adjusted via Setup mode.
43
Table 12.
1400+ Operator Mode Displays
Upper
Display
PV Value
PV Value
PV Value
Actual SP Value
SP Value
SP1 Value
Lower
Display
Active SP
Value
Actual SP
Value
Blank
Blank
SP
SP1
or
_SP1
When Visible Description
Display strategy 1 and 2. (Initial Screen)
Display strategy 3 and 6 (Initial Screen)
Display strategy 4. (Initial Screen)
Display strategy 5. (Initial Screen)
Display strategy 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 if Digital Input is not
diSl
in config mode and RSP is not fitted
If Digital Input is set for dual SP (
diSl
in
config mode).
Process Variable and target value of currently selected Setpoint. Local SP is adjustable in Strategy 2
Process Variable and actual value of selected Setpoint (e.g. ramping SP value). Read only
Shows Process Variable. Read only
Shows target value of currently selected Setpoint. Read only
Target value of Setpoint. Adjustable except in Strategy 6
Target value of Setpoint 1. SP1 is selected as the active Setpoint. Adjustable except in Strategy 6
_SP1
means
SP2 Value
Local Setpoint Value
Remote Setpoint Value
__LSP rSP
or
diGi
Actual SP Value
SP Ramp Rate Value
SP2
or
_SP2
LSP
_LSP
or
*LSP
rSP
_rSP
or
*rSP
SPS
SPrP
rP
If Digital Input is set for dual SP (
diSl
in
config mode). If Remote Setpoint
Input is fitted and Digital Input is not
diSl
in config mode
If Remote Setpoint Input is fitted and Digital Input is not
diSl
in config mode
If Remote Setpoint Input is fitted, Digital Input is not
diSl
in config mode and
SSEn
is enabled in
Setup mode
If a Ramping Setpoint is in use (
rP
not Blank). If
Spr
(ramping SP)
is enabled in Setup
Target value of Setpoint 2.
_SP2
means SP2 is selected as the active Setpoint. Adjustable except in Strategy 6
Target value of Local Setpoint.
_LSP
means the local setpoint is selected as the active SP (if the digital input has been overridden, the _* character is lit instead). Adjustable except in Strategy 6
Target value of Remote Setpoint.
_rSP
means the remote setpoint is selected as the active SP (if the digital input has been overridden, the _* character is lit instead). Read only
Setpoint Select. Selects between Local or Remote Setpoints.
LSP
= local SP,
rSP
= remote SP,
diGi
selection via digital input (if configured). Note:
LSP
or
rSP
will override the digital
input (active SP indication changes to *)
Adjustable except in Strategy 6 Actual value of selected Setpoint (e.g.
ramping SP value). Read only
Setpoint ramping rate, in units per hour. Set to Blank (higher than 9999) to turn off
=
44
Upper
Display
Active Alarm Status
Lower
Display
ALSt
When Visible Description
mode. ramping. Adjustable except in Strategy 6
When any alarm is active.
ALM indicator will also flash
Upper display shows which alarm(s) are active. Inactive alarms are blank
1
1
1 1 2222
L
Alarm 1 Active Alarm 2 Active Loop Alarm Active
Note:
When an extended Operator Mode is configured the additional parameters are available after the above parameters. Extended Operator Mode parameters can only be configured using the PC software.
Adjusting the Local Setpoint(s)
Setpoints can be adjusted within the limits set by the Setup. Operator Mode adjustment of Setpoint is not possible if Display Strategy 6 has been selected on Configuration Mode.
Setpoint Upper
and
Lower Limit
parameters in
Press to select the adjustable setpoint display
Press or to adjust the setpoint to the required value.
8.4 Adjusting the Setpoint Ramp Rate
The ramp rate may be adjusted in the range 1 to 9999 and OFF. Increasing the ramp rate value beyond 9999 will cause the upper display to go blank and setpoint ramping to be switched OFF. Setpoint ramping can be resumed by decreasing the ramp rate to 9999 or less.
Press to select the adjustable setpoint display
Press or to adjust the setpoint to the required value.
WARNING:
THE SETPOINT RAMP FEATURE DISABLES THE PRE-TUNE FACILITY. THE SELF-TUNE FACILITY WILL COMMENCE ONLY AFTER THE SETPOINT HAS COMPLETED THE RAMP.
45
8.5 Manual Control Mode
To allow manual control to be selected in Operator Mode, poen must be enabled in Set Up Mode. Manual Mode can be selected using the front keys or by use of a digital input if one has been fitted and configured for this function.
Selecting/deselecting Manual Control Mode
Press the key to toggle between Automatic and Manual control. The indicator flashes continually in Manual Mode
Press or to adjust the output power to the required value.
CAUTION:
The Manual Mode power level can be adjusted from 0 to 100% (-100 to +100% for dual output). It is not restricted by the Output Power Limit parameter
OPuL
.
Note:
Disabling
poen
in Set Up Mode while manual control mode is active will lock the controller into manual mode. Pressing the Auto/Man key will no longer cause a return to automatic control. To exit from Manual Mode,
poen
must temporarily be re-enabled.
8.6 1400+ Controllers –Communications Parameters
The Modbus parameter addresses, and the possible ASCII message types and parameter indents for the 1400+ are detailed below. RO indicates a parameter is read only, R/W indicates it can also be written to. Communications writes will not implemented if the Communications Write Parameter is disabled. Refer to the Modbus and ASCII Communications sections of this manual for details of the protocols used.
Bit Parameters
Bit parameters are not applicable to the ASCII protocol.
Table 13.
Parameter Modbus
1400+ Communications - Bit Parameters
Notes
Parameter No.
Communication Write Status
Auto / Manual Self Tune Pre tune
1
2 3 4
RO
R/W 1 = Manual Control, 0 = Automatic Control R/W 1 = Activate(d), 0 = Dis-engage(d) R/W 1 = Activate(d), 0 = Dis-engage(d)
1 = Write Enabled, 0 = Write Disabled. A negative acknowledgement (exception code 3) is sent to write commands if communications writes are disabled
46
Parameter Modbus
Notes
Parameter No.
Alarm 1 Status Alarm 2 Status Setpoint Ramping Loop Alarm Status Loop Alarm
Digital Input 2
To set the bit value to 1 write FF, to set the bit value to 0 write 00. Refer to Function Code 05 in the Modbus Communications section.
5 6
7 10 12
13
RO 1 = Active, 0 = Inactive
RO 1 = Active, 0 = Inactive R/W 1 = Enable(d), 0 = Disable(d) R/W 1 = Active/Enable, 0 = Inactive/Disable R/W
RO State of Option B digital input.
Read to get loop alarm status. Write 0/1 to disable/enable.
Word Parameters
Table 14.
Parameter Modbus
Parameter No.
Process Variable
Setpoint
Output Power
Deviation
Secondary Proportional Band
Primary Proportional Band
Direct / Reverse Acting
Automatic Reset Time (or Loop Alarm Time)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1400+ Communications - Word Parameters
ASCII Ident &
Notes
Message Types
RO
R/W
R/W
RO
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
M
Type 2
S
Type 2
Type 3/4
W
Type 2
Type 3/4
V
Type 2
U
Type 2, 3/4
P
Type 2, 3/4
I
Type 2, 3/4
Current value of PV.
RO
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
R/W
R/W
If under-range = 62976 (<??>5 ASCII) If over-range = 63232 (<??>0 ASCII) If Sensor break = 63488 (ASCII = n/a) Value of currently selected setpoint.
(Target setpoint if ramping). Parameter is read only if the current setpoint is RSP.
0% to 100% for single output; 100% to +100% for dual output control.
Read Only if not in manual control. Difference between Process Variable
and Setpoint (value = PV-SP) Adjustable 0.0% to 999.9% of input
span. Read only when Self-Tuning. Adjustable 0.0% to 999.9% of input
span. Read only when Self-Tuning.
1 = Direct Acting, 0 = Reverse
Integral Time Constant value. (or Loop Alarm Time value in ON/OFF control mode if Loop Alarm Enabled)
Read only if Self-Tuning. ASCII range: 0 to 99m 59sec (99.59) Modbus range: 0 to 5999
47
Parameter Modbus
Parameter No.
Rate
Output 1 Cycle time
Scale Range Lower Limit
Scale Range Upper Limit
Alarm 1 Value
Alarm 2 Value
Manual Reset
Overlap / Deadband
On / Off Differential
Decimal Point Position
Output 2 Cycle Time.
Primary Output Power Limit
Actual Setpoint
Setpoint Upper Limit
Setpoint Lower Limit
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
RO
R/W
R/W
ASCII Ident &
Message Types
D
Type 2, 3/4
N
Type 2
Type 3/4
H
Type 2
Type 3/4
G
Type 2
Type 3/4
C
Type 2, 3/4
E
Type 2, 3/4
J
Type 2, 3/4
K
Type 2, 3/4
F
Type 2, 3/4
Q
Type 2
Type 3/4
O
Type 2
Type 3/4
B
Type 2
Type 3/4
A
Type 2
Type 3/4
T
Type 2
Type 3/4
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
RO
R/W
Notes
Derivative Time Constant value. Read only if Self-Tuning.
ASCII range: 0 to 99m 59secs. (99.59) Modbus range: 0 to 5999
0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256 or 512 seconds.
Lower limit of scaled input range
Upper limit of scaled input range
Alarm 1 active at this level
Alarm 2 active at this level
Bias value. 0% to 100% for single control output or
-100% to +100% for dual outputs 20% to +20% of
Negative value = Deadband Positive value = Overlap
0.1% to 10.0% of input span Used for Primary output on/off
differential and for combined Primary and Secondary on/off differential.
0 = xxxx 1 = xxx.x 2 = xx.xx 3 = x.xxx
Read only if not Linear Input.
0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,128, 256 or 512 seconds.
Safety power limit; 0 to 100 %.
Current (ramping) value of selected setpoint.
Maximum setpoint value. Current SP to Input Range Maximum
Minimum setpoint value. Current SP to Input Range Minimum
PB_P
+
PB_S
;
48
Parameter Modbus
Parameter No.
Setpoint Ramp Rate
Input Filter Time Constant
Process Value Offset
Re-transmit Output Maximum
Re-transmit Output Minimum
Setpoint 2 Remote Setpoint
Remote Setpoint Offset
Alarm 1 Hysteresis Alarm 2 Hysteresis Setpoint 1 Setpoint Select
24
25
26
27
28
29 30
31
32 33 34 35
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
RO
R/W
R/W R/W R/W R/W
ASCII Ident &
Message Types
^
Type 2
Type 3/4
m
Type 2, 3/4
v
Type 2
Type 3/4
[
Type 2, 3/4
\
Type 2, 3/4
~
Type 2, 3/4
RO
R/W
R/W
RO
R/W
R/W
R/W
Value of Setpoint 2
R/W
0 to 100% of span 0 to 100% of span Value of Setpoint 1
Notes
0 = 0ff, 1 to 9999 increments / hour. Dec Point position as for input range.
0 to 100 seconds
Modified PV = Actual PV + PV Offset. Limited by Scale Range Maximum and Scale Range Minimum.
Maximum scale value for retransmit output, 1999 to 9999. This parameter applies to the first re-transmit output fitted (see also Modbus parameters 2214, 2224 & 2234).
Minimum scale value for retransmit output, 1999 to 9999. This parameter applies to the first re-transmit output fitted (see also Modbus parameters 2215, 2225 & 2235).
Value of Remote Setpoint. Returns 0FFFFhex if RSP not fitted.
Modified RSP = Actual RSP + RSP Offset. Limited by Scale Range Maximum and Scale Range Minimum.
Shows which is the currently selected active setpoint. If a digital input has been configured for Setpoint Select, it will take priority over this parameter
1 = SP1 or LSP 2 = SP2 100hex = RSP
49
Parameter Modbus
Parameter No.
Controller commands
ASCII Ident &
Message Types
Z
Type 3/4 R/W
Notes
Only Type 3 / 4 ASCII messages are allowed with this parameter. The {DATA} field must be one of eight five­digit numbers. The commands corresponding to the {DATA} field value are:
00010 = Activate Manual Control 00020 = Activate Automatic Control 00030 = Activate the Self-Tune 00040 = De-activate the Self-Tune 00050 = Request Pre-Tune 00060 = Abort Pre-Tune 00130 = Activate Loop Alarm 00140 = De-activate Loop Alarm
50
Parameter Modbus
Parameter No.
Controller Status
Scan Table
Equipment ID Serial Number Low Serial Number Mid Serial Number High Date of
manufacture
122 123 124 125 126
RO RO RO RO RO
ASCII Ident &
Message Types
L
Type 2
]
Type 2
RO
RO
The four digit model number 6100 Digits aaaa Digits bbbb Digits cccc
Notes
Bit Meaning
0
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
Reads back main process values. Response is: L{N}25aaaaabbbbb cccccdddddeeeeeA* where:
aaaaa = Actual Setpoint value bbbbb = Process Variable value ccccc = Primary PID Power value ddddd = Secondary PID Power value eeeee = Controller Status (see above)
Manufacturing date code as an encoded binary number. (e.g. 0403 for April 2003 is returned as 193hex)
Alarm 1 status. 0 = activated, 1 = safe
Alarm 2 status. 0 = activated, 1 = safe
Self-Tune status. 0 = disabled 1 = activated
Change Indicator. 1 = A parameter other than controller status, PV or Output power has been changed since the last time the status word was read.
Comms write status: 0 = disabled 1 = enabled.
A/M control. 0 = disabled 1 = enabled
Pre-tune status. 0 = disabled 1 = enabled.
Loop alarm status. 0 = activated, 1 = safe.
Unit serial number. Format aaaa bbbb cccc, (12 BCD digits).
51
Parameter Modbus
Parameter No.
Product Revision Level
Firmware Version
Input status
Remote Setpoint Lower Limit
Remote Setpoint Upper Limit
Option Slot 1 Re-transmit output Maximum
Option Slot 1 Re-transmit output Minimum
Option Slot 2 Re-transmit output Maximum
Option Slot 2 Re-transmit output Minimum
Option Slot 3 Re-transmit output Maximum
Option Slot 3 Re-transmit output Minimum
129
130
133
2123
2124
2214
2215
2224
2225
2234
2235
RO
RO
RO
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
ASCII Ident &
Message Types
Y
Type 2, 3/4
X
Type 2, 3/4
Bits 0 – 4: Revision number (1,2...)
Input status. Read Only.
R/W
R/W
Notes
Bits 0 – 7: Alpha part of PRL. (e.g. A = 01hex)
Bits 8 – 15: Numeric part of PRL. (e.g. 13 = 0Dhex)
Bits 5 – 9: Alpha version (A=0, B=1...) Bits 10 – 15: Numeric version (starting
from 121 = 0)
Bit 0: Sensor break flag Bit 1: Under-range flag Bit 2: Over-range flag RSP value to be used when RSP
input is at minimum. -1999 to 9999 RSP value to be used when RSP
input is at minimum. -1999 to 9999 Maximum scale value for retransmit
output in slot 1, -1999 to 9999.
Minimum scale value for retransmit output in slot 1, -1999 to 9999.
Maximum scale value for retransmit output in slot 2, -1999 to 9999.
Minimum scale value for retransmit output in slot 2, -1999 to 9999.
Maximum scale value for retransmit output in slot 3, -1999 to 9999.
Minimum scale value for retransmit output in slot 3, -1999 to 9999.
Note:
Some of the parameters that do not apply for a particular configuration will accept reads and writes (e.g. attempting to scale a Linear output which has not been fitted). Read only parameters will return an exception if an attempt is made to write values to them.
52
P
T
Time
SECTION 9: MANUALLY TUNING CONTROLLERS
9.1 Single Control Tuning (PID with Primary Output only)
This simple technique balances the need to reach setpoint quickly, with the wish to limit overshoot at start-up or during process changes. It determines values for the
Band
(Pb_P),
PID control
device.
Integral Time Constant
algorithm to give acceptable results in most applications that use a
(ArSt) and
Derivative Time Constant
Primary Proportional
(RAte) that allow the
single control
setpoint
CAUTION:
This technique is suitable only for processes that are not harmed by large fluctuations in the process variable.
1. Check that the safe levels for your process. Adjust if required.
2. Set the overshoots beyond this value might cause damage).
3. Select
4. Switch on the process. The Peak-to-Peak variation (P) of the first cycle (i.e. the difference between the highest value of the first overshoot and the lowest value of the first undershoot), and the time period of the oscillation (T) in minutes. See the example diagram below
Setpoint
On-Off control
Setpoint Upper Limit
to the normal operating value for the process (or to a lower value if
(i.e. set Pb_P = 0).
process variable
(SPuL) and
will oscillate about the setpoint. Record the
Setpoint Lower Limit
- Manually Tuning
(SPLL) are set to
PID.
5. Calculate the between
Pb_P = x 100
PID control
parameters using the formula below.
Scale Range Lower Limit
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Input Span
:
is the difference
Input Span
ArSt = T min rATE = minutes
6
Process Variable
Figure 34. Manually Tuning PID
53
9.2 Dual Control Tuning (PID with Primary and Secondary Outputs)
This simple tuning technique balances the need to reach setpoint quickly, with the wish to limit
setpoint Proportional Band
and results in most applications that use
CAUTION:
overshoot at start-up and during process changes. It determines values for the
(Pb_P),
Derivative Time Constant
Secondary Proportional Band (
(RAte) that allow the
dual control
PID control
(e.g. Heat & Cool).
Pb_S
), Integral Time Constant
algorithm to give acceptable
Primary
(ArSt)
This technique is suitable only for processes that are not harmed by large fluctuations in the process variable.
1. Tune the controller using only the Primary Control output as described in the
Tuning
2. Set Pb_S to the same value as Pb_P
section above.
and monitor the operation of the controller in dual
Single Control
control mode. If there is a tendency to oscillate as the control passes into the Secondary Proportional Band, increase the value of in the region of the Secondary Proportional Band, decrease the value of
Pb_S
. If the process appears to be over-damped
Pb_S
.
3. When the PID tuning values have been determined, if there is a kick to the process variable as control passes from one output to the other, set the Overlap/Deadband parameter to a positive value to introduce some overlap. Adjust this value by trial and error until satisfactory results are obtained.
9.3 Valve Control Tuning (PI with Linear Outputs)
This tuning technique is used when controlling a signal for its positioning circuitry. It determines values for the and
Integral Time Constant
(OFF). This
PI Control
(ArSt). The
minimises valve wear while giving optimal process control.
Derivative Time Constant
modulating valve
Primary Proportional Band
requiring a linear (mA/VDC)
(Pb_P),
(RAte) is normally set to zero
CAUTION:
This technique is suitable only for processes that are not harmed by large fluctuations in the process variable.
1. Set the setpoint to the normal operating process value (or to a lower value if overshoot beyond this value is likely to cause damage).
2. Set the
3. Set the
4.
Set the
5.
Using manual control ensure that the valve is positioned away from its end stops.
Primary Proportional Band Integral Time Constant
to the maximum value (i.e. set ArSt = 99.59).
Derivative Time Constant
to the minimum value (i.e. set Pb_P = 0.5%).
to OFF (i.e. set RAte = 0.00).
54
Time
Process Variable
Tb
Time
Process Variable
START
Apply Power to
Does the
Oscillate?
Note the time
Pb_P
Are the
zero?
Pb_P
END
Note the period
Pb_P
No
Yes
Yes
No
The controller is now tuned.
6. Follow the instructions in the diagram below. At each stage, allow sufficient settling time before moving on to the next stage.
the load.
PV
continuously
interval Ta
Set
Set
ArSt
= 0.8%
= Ta
Oscillations
decaying to
Multiply
setting by 1.5
of the decaying
oscillations (T
)
b
Multiply
setting by 1.5
Set
ArSt
= T
b
/2
Ta
Table 15.
Fine-tuning may be required
to optimise the controllers
Manually Tuning Valve Control
55
9.4 Manually Fine Tuning
A separate cycle time adjustment parameter is provided for each time proportioning control output.
Note:
Adjusting the cycle time affects the controllers operation; a shorter cycle time gives more accurate control but electromechanical components such as relays have a reduced life span.
1. Increase the width of the proportional band if the process overshoots or oscillates excessively.
2. Decrease the width of the proportional band if the process responds slowly or fails to reach setpoint.
3. Increase the automatic reset until the process becomes unstable, then decrease until stability has been restored.
Note:
Allow enough time for the controller and process to adjust.
4. Initially add rate at a value between 1/4th and 1/10th of the automatic reset value.
5. Decrease Rate if the process overshoots/undershoots or oscillates excessively.
Note:
When controlling a modulating valve, it is recommended that Rate (Derivative) is set to 0 seconds (OFF) to avoid excessive valve activity. Rate can cause process instability.
6. After making all other adjustments, if an offset exists between the setpoint and the process variable use the Below setpoint - use a larger bias value Above setpoint - use a smaller bias value.
Bias
(manual reset) to eliminate the error:
56
SECTION 10: MODBUS SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
All models support the Modbus RTU communication protocol. Some models also support an
communication protocol
selected from Configuration Mode. The RS485 Communications Module must be fitted into Option Slot A in order to use serial communications.
Refer to the relevant Model Group Section for the ASCII and Modbus Application Layer (parameter address/ident information).
For a complete description of the Modbus protocol refer to the description provided at
http://www.modicon.com/
. Where both Modbus and ASCII are supported, the protocol to be used is
or
http://www.modbus.org/
ASCII
10.1 Physical Layer
The Base address, bit rate and character format are configured via the front panel in Configuration Mode or by using the PC Configurator software.
Physical layer configuration settings possible are: Data rate: 1200, 2400, 4800 (default), 9600 and 19,200 bps Parity: None (default), Even, Odd Character format: Always 8 bits per character.
The transmitter must not start transmission until 3 character times have elapsed since reception of the last character in a message, and must release the transmission line within 3 character times of the last character in a message.
Note:
Three character times = 1.5ms at 19200, 3ms at 9600, 6ms at 4800, 12ms at 2400 and 24ms at 1200 bps.
57
10.2 Link Layer
A Query (or command) is transmitted from the Modbus Master to the Modbus Slave. The slave instrument assembles the reply to the master. All of the instruments covered by this manual are slave devices, and cannot act as a Modbus Master.
MODBUS
MASTER
SLAVE
INSTRUMENT
QUERY
RESPONSE
Modbus Link Layer
A message for either a QUERY or RESPONSE is made up of an inter-message gap followed by a sequence of data characters. The inter-message gap is at least 3.5 data character times.
Data is encoded for each character as binary data, transmitted LSB first. For a QUERY the address field contains the address of the slave destination. The slave address is
given together with the Function and Data fields by the Application layer. The CRC is generated from the given address, function and data characters.
For a RESPONSE the address field contains the address of the responding slave. The Function and Data fields are generated by the slave application. The CRC is generated from the address, function and data characters.
The standard MODBUS RTU CRC-16 calculation employing the polynomial 216+215+22+1 is used.
Inter-message gap
Address 1 character
Function 1 character
Data n characters
CRC Check 2 characters
58
10.3 Device Addressing
The instrument is assigned a unique device address by the user in the range 1 (default) to 255 using the Addr parameter in Configuration Mode. This address is used to recognise Modbus Queries intended for this instrument. The instrument does not respond to Modbus Queries that do not match the address that has been assigned to it.
The instrument will also accept global Queries using device address 0 no matter what device address is assigned. No responses are returned for globally addressed Queries.
10.4 Supported Modbus Functions
Modbus defines several function types; these instruments support the following types:
Function
Table 16.
Modbus Meaning Description
Supported Modbus Functions
Code (decimal)
01 / 02 Read Coil/Input Status Read output/input status bits at given address. 03 / 04 Read Holding/Input registers
05 Force single Coil
06 Pre-set Single Register Writes two bytes to a specified word address. 08 Diagnostics Used for loopback test. 16 Pre-set Multiple Registers
Read current binary value of specified number of parameters at given address. Up to 64 parameters can be accessed with one Query.
Writes a single binary bit to the Specified Slave Bit address.
Writes up to 1 word parameter values to the specified address range.
10.5 Function Descriptions
The following is interpreted from the Modbus Protocol Description obtainable from
http://www.modicon.com/
required.
or
http://www.modbus.org/
. Refer to that document if clarification is
In the function descriptions below, the preceding device address value is assumed, as is the correctly formed two-byte CRC value at the end of the QUERY and RESPONSE frames.
59
Read Coil/Input Status (Function 01 / 02)
Reads the content of instruments output/input status bits at the specified bit address.
Table 17.
Read Coil/Input Status (Modbus Function 01/02)
QUERY
Function Address of 1st Bit Number of Bits
01 / 02 HI LO HI LO
RESPONSE
Function Number of Bytes First 8 bits 2nd 8 Bits
01 / 02
In the response the “Number of Bytes” indicates the number of data bytes read from the instrument. E.g. if 16 bits of data are returned then the count will be 2. The maximum number of bits that can be read is 16 in one transaction. The first bit read is returned in the least significant bit of the first 8 bits returned.
Read Holding/Input Registers (Function 03 / 04)
Reads current binary value of data at the specified word addresses.
Table 18.
Read Holding/Input Registers (Modbus Function 03/04)
QUERY
Function Address of 1st Word Number of Words
03 / 04 HI LO HI LO
RESPONSE
Function Number of
Bytes
03 / 04 HI LO HI LO
First Word
Last Word
In the response the “Number of Bytes” indicates the number of data bytes read from the instrument. E.g. if 5 words are read, the count will be 10 (A hex). The maximum number of words that can be read is 64. If a parameter does not exist at one of the addresses read, then a value of 0000h is returned for that word.
60
Force Single Coil (Function 05)
Writes a single binary value to the Specified Instrument Bit address.
Table 19.
Force Single Coil (Modbus Function 05)
QUERY
Function Address of Bit State to write
05 HI LO FF/00 00
RESPONSE
Function Address of Bit State written
05 HI LO FF/00 00
The address specifies the address of the bit to be written to. The State to write is FF when the bit is to be SET and 00 if the bit is to be RESET.
Note:
The Response normally returns the same data as the Query.
Pre-Set Single Register (Function 06)
Writes two bytes to a specified word address.
Table 20.
Pre-Set Single Register (Modbus Function 06)
QUERY
Function Address of Word Value to write
06 HI LO HI LO
RESPONSE
Function Address of Word Value written
06 HI LO HI LO
Note:
The Response normally returns the same data as the Query.
Loopback Diagnostic Test (Function 08)
Table 21.
Loopback Diagnostic Test (Modbus Function 08)
QUERY
Function Diagnostic Code Value
08 HI =00 LO=00 HI LO
RESPONSE
Function Sub-function Value
08 HI=00 LO=00 HI LO
61
Note:
The Response normally returns the same data as the Query.
Pre-Set Multiple Registers (Function 10 Hex)
Writes a consecutive word (two-byte) value to the specified address range.
Table 22.
Pre-Set Multiple Registers (Modbus Function 10 Hex)
QUERY
Function 1st Word
Address
10 HI LO HI LO HI LO
Number of
Words
Number of
Query Bytes
First value to write
RESPONSE
Function 1st Word Address Number of Words
10 HI LO HI LO
Note:
The number of consecutive words that can be written is limited to 1.
Exception Responses
When a QUERY is sent that the instrument cannot interpret then an Exception RESPONSE is returned. Possible exception responses are:
Exception
Table 23.
Error Condition Interpretation
Modbus Exception Responses
Code
00
Unused
None.
01 02
03
Illegal function Function number out of range. Illegal Data Address
Illegal Data Value
Write functions: Parameter number out of range or not supported. (for write functions only).
Read Functions: Start parameter does not exist or end parameter greater than 65536.
Attempt to write invalid data / required action not executed.
The format of an exception response is:
RESPONSE
Function Exception Code
Original Function code with its
Significant Bit
(MSB) set.
Most
as detailed above
62
Note:
In the case of multiple exception codes for a single QUERY the Exception code returned is the one corresponding to the first parameter in error.
63
SECTION 11: ASCII COMMUNICATIONS
This is simple ASCII protocol provides backwards compatibility with some older products. ASCII is not available in all models in the range. The Modbus protocol is recommended for future use. Refer to the relevant Model Group Section for the ASCII and Modbus Application Layer (parameter address/ident information).
11.1 Physical Layer
The Base address, bit rate and character format are configured via the front panel in Configuration Mode or by using the PC Configurator software.
Physical layer configuration settings possible are: Data rate: 1200, 2400, 4800 (default), 9600 and 19,200 bps Parity: Even Character format: 7 bits per character. + 1 stop bit.
The transmitter must not start transmission until 3 character times have elapsed since reception of the last character in a message, and must release the transmission line within 3 character times of the last character in a message.
Note:
Three character times = 1.5ms at 19200, 3ms at 9600, 6ms at 4800, 12ms at 2400 and 24ms at 1200 bps.
11.2 Device Addressing
The instrument is assigned a device address by the user using the Addr parameter in Configuration Mode. The address may be set to any unique value from 1 (default) to 99. This address is used to recognise ASCII messages intended for this instrument. The instrument does not respond to messages that do not match the address that has been assigned to it.
11.3 Session Layer
The ASCII protocol assumes half duplex communications. The master device initiates all communication. The master sends a command or query to the addressed slave instrument and the slave replies with an acknowledgement of the command or the reply to the query.
Messages from the master device may be one of five types:
Type 1: {S}{N}??* Type 2: {S}{N}{P}{C}* or R{N}{P}{C}* Type 3: {S}{N}{P}#{DATA}* or R{N}{P}#{DATA}* Type 4: {S}{N}{P}I* or R{N}{P}I* Type 5: {S} {N} \ P S S ? *
All characters are in ASCII code. See the following parameters in brackets { }.
64
Parameter Key table
for details of the
{S}
{N}
{P} {C}
# {DATA} P S S *
Table 24.
is the Start of Message character L (Hex 4C) or R (Hex 52). L is used for Controllers; R is used for Profilers.
is the slave device address (in the range 1 - 99); addresses 1 - 9 may be represented by a single digit (e.g. 7) or in two-digit form, the first digit being zero (e.g. 07).
is a character which identifies the parameter to be interrogated/modified. is the command (Refer to
information for each Model Group
indicates that {DATA} is to follow (Hex 23) is a string of numerical data in ASCII code (refer to the Data Element table below) is the Program Number is the Segment Number (01 to 16) is the End of Message Character (Hex 2A)
ASCII Parameter Key
the Serial Communications Application Layer
)
No space characters are permitted in messages. Any syntax errors in a received message will cause the slave instrument to issue no reply and await the Start of Message character.
Table 25.
ASCII Data Element – Sign/Decimal Point Position
{DATA} Content Data Format Description
abcd0 +abcd abcd1 +abc.d abcd2 +ab.cd abcd3 +a.bcd Abcd5 - abcd Abcd6 - abc.d Abcd7 - ab.cd Abcd8 - a.bcd
Positive value, no decimal place Positive value, one decimal place Positive value, two decimal places Positive value, three decimal places Negative value, no decimal place Negative value, one decimal place Negative value, two decimal places Negative value, three decimal places
(in the Data Content, abcd represents the data value, the last digit indicates data format)
Type 1 Message
L {N} ? ? *
This message is used by the master device to determine whether the addressed slave device is active.
The reply from an active slave is
L {N} ? A *
An inactive device will give no reply.
65
Type 2 Message
L {N} {P} {C} * or R {N} {P} {C} *
This type of message is used by the master device, to interrogate or modify a parameter in the addressed slave device. {P} identifies the parameter and {C} represents the command to be executed, which may be one of the following:
+ (Hex 2B) = Increment the value of the parameter defined by {P} – (Hex 2D) = Decrement the value of the parameter defined by {P} ? (Hex 3F) = Determine the current value of the parameter defined by {P}
The reply from the addressed slave device is of the form:
L {N} {P} {DATA} A * or R {N} {P} {DATA} A *
where {DATA} comprises five ASCII-coded digits whose format is shown in the above. The data is the value requested in a query message or the new value of the parameter after modification. If the action requested by the message from the master device would result in an invalid value for that parameter (either because the requested new value would be outside the permitted range for that parameter or because the parameter is not modifiable), the slave device replies with a negative acknowledgement:
L {N} {P} {DATA} N * or R {N} {P} {DATA} N *
The {DATA} string in the negative acknowledgement reply will be indeterminate. If the process variable or the deviation is interrogated while the process variable is outside the range of the slave device, the reply is:
L {N} {P} < ? ? > 0 A *
if the process variable is over-range, or
L {N} {P} < ? ? > 5 A
if the process variable is under-range.
*
Data Element table
Type 3 Message
L {N} {P} # {DATA} * or R {N} {P} # {DATA} *
This message type is used by the master device to set a parameter to the value specified in {DATA}. The command is not implemented immediately by the slave device; the slave will receive this command and will then wait for a Type 4 message (see below). Upon receipt of a Type 3 message, if the {DATA} content and the specified parameter are valid, the slave device reply is of the form:
L {N} {P} {DATA} I * or R {N} {P} {DATA} I *
(where I = Hex 49) indicating that the slave device is ready to implement the command. If the parameter specified is invalid or is not modifiable or if the desired value is outside the permitted range for that parameter, the slave device replies with a negative acknowledgement in the form:
L {N} {P} {DATA} N * or R {N} {P} {DATA} N *
66
Type 4 Message
L {N} {P} I * or R {N} {P} I *
This type of message is sent by the master device to the addressed slave device, following a successful Type 3 transaction with the same slave device. Provided that the {DATA} content and the parameter specified in the preceding Type 3 message are still valid, the slave device will then set the parameter to the desired value and will reply in the form:
L {N} {P} {DATA} A *
where {DATA} is the new value of the parameter. If the new value or parameter specified is invalid, the slave device will reply with a negative acknowledgement in the form:
L {N} {P} {DATA} N *
where {DATA} is indeterminate. If the immediately preceding message received by the slave device was not a Type 3 message, the Type 4 message is ignored.
11.4 Error Response
The circumstances under which a message received from the master device is ignored are:
Parity error detected Syntax error detected Timeout elapsed Receipt of a Type 4 message without a preceding Type 3 command message.
Negative acknowledgements will be returned if, in spite of the received message being notionally correct, the slave device cannot supply the requested information or perform the requested operation. The {DATA} element of a negative acknowledgement will be indeterminate.
67
SECTION 12: CALIBRATION MODE
WARNING:
CALIBRATION IS ONLY REQUIRED FOR INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH CALIBRATION ERRORS HAVE BEEN ENCOUNTERED. REFER TO CALIBRATION CHECK BELOW.
CAUTION:
Calibration must be performed by personnel who are technically competent and authorised to do so.
Calibration is carried out during manufacture and is not normally required again during the lifetime of an instrument.
12.1 Equipment Required For Checking or Calibrating the Universal Input
A suitable calibration signal source is required for each input type. To verify the accuracy of the instrument or carry out recalibration, the listed input sources are required, with better than ±0.05% of the reading accuracy:
1. DC linear inputs: 0 to 50mV, 0 to 10VDC and 0 to 20mADC.
2. Thermocouple inputs - complete with 0ºC reference facility, appropriate thermocouple functions and compensating leads (or equivalent).
3. RTD inputs: decade resistance box with connections for three-wire input (or equivalent).
12.2 Calibration Check
1. Set the instrument to the required input type.
2. Power up the instrument and connect the correct input leads. Leave powered up for at least five minutes for RTD and DC linear inputs, or at least 30 minutes for thermocouple inputs.
3. After the appropriate delay for stabilisation has elapsed, check the calibration by connecting the appropriate input source and checking a number of cardinal points.
4. Repeat the test for all required input types.
68
12.3 Recalibration Procedure
Recalibration is carried out in five phases as shown in the
table
below, each phase corresponds to
an input range of the instrument.
CAUTION:
The 50mV phase MUST be calibrated before the thermocouple range.
iP_1
iP_2
iP_3 iP_4 iP_5
Table 26.
50 mV 10 V 20 mA RTD input (200 ohm) Thermocouple (K type source at 0ºC required)
Input Calibration phases
To start calibration, apply the required calibration input from the source type list above, using the correct connections,
1. While the instrument is powering up, press and together until iP_1 is displayed.
Note:
If a phase has not been previously calibrated the display will flash.
2. Press to initiate calibration on PID Controllers, or Press to initiate calibration on Limit Controllers, or Press and together to initiate calibration on Indicators.
3. During calibration the display changes to −−−−
−−−− for a few seconds.
−−−−−−−−
4. If the input is misconnected or an incorrect signal is applied the calibration will be aborted and the display will shown FAiL. The previous calibration value will be retained.
5. If the calibration has succeeded, the pass display is shown iP_1 (non-flashing).
6. Press to step onto the next phase.
7. Repeat this process for each input type until all the phases are calibrated.
Note:
Switch off the instrument to exit the Calibration Mode. Calibration Mode automatically exits if there is no button activity for five minutes.
69
SECTION 13: APPENDIX 1 – GLOSSARY
This Glossary explains the technical terms and parameters used in this manual. The entry type is also shown:
General Definition: Terms normally applicable all models. Controller Definition: Terms applicable to Controller models only. VMD Controller Definition: Terms applicable to VMD Controller models only. Limit Controller Definition: Terms applicable to Limit Controller models only. Indicator Definition: Terms applicable to Indicator models only. General Parameter: Parameters normally applicable all models. Controller Parameter: Parameters applicable to Controller models only. VMD Controller Parameter: Parameters applicable to VMD Controller models only. Limit Controller Parameter: Parameters applicable to Limit Controller models only. Indicator Parameter: Parameters applicable to Indicator models only. Controller Tuning Parameter: Parameters relating to the tuning of Controller models.
Active Setpoint Active Setpoint is the setpoint used as the current target Setpoint Value. Some controllers can have more than one setpoint (e.g. Setpoint 1 and 2 or Local and Remote Setpoints), but only one of these is active at any time.
Also refer to
Enable
Actual Setpoint
Actual Setpoint is the current value of the setpoint. This may be different to the Active Setpoint’s target value if the setpoint is currently ramping. The actual setpoint will rise or fall at the ramp-rate set, until it reaches the target setpoint value.
Also refer to
Actual Setpoint, Remote Setpoint, Setpoint, Setpoint Select
.
Active Setpoint, Setpoint, Setpoint Ramp Enable
Type: Controller Definition
and
Setpoint Select
Type: Controller Definition
and
Setpoint Select
.
The
70
Inactive
Active
Active
Active
Active
Active
Alarm Hysteresis
Type: General Parameter
An adjustable band on the “safe” side of an alarm point, through which the process variable must pass before the alarm will change state, as shown in the diagram below. E.g. a high alarm’s hysteresis band is below the high alarm value, and a low alarm’s hysteresis is above the low alarm value. Also refer to
Alarm Operation
PROCESS HIGH ALARM
Process Variable
Process Variable
PROCESS LOW ALARM
.
Inactive
Inactive
Inactive
Alarm Value
Alarm Hysteresis Value
Alarm Hysteresis Value
Alarm Value
Inactive
Alarm Value (from Setpoint)
Process Variable
BAND ALARM
DEVIATION HIGH ALARM
Process Variable
Process Variable
DEVIATION LOW ALARM
Inactive
Inactive
Alarm Inactive
Inactive
Alarm Active
Inactive
Alarm Inactive
Alarm Hysteresis Value
Setpoint
Alarm Hysteresis Value
Alarm Value (from Setpoint)
Alarm Value (from Setpoint)
Alarm Hysteresis Value Setpoint
Setpoint Alarm Hysteresis Value Alarm Value
(from Setpoint)
Figure 35. Alarm Hysteresis Operation
71
Output Off
..Output On
Alarm Off
..Alarm On
Alarm
.
Value
Output On
..Output Off
Alarm Off
..Alarm On
Alarm
.
Value
Output On
..Output Off
Alarm On
..Alarm Off
Alarm
.
Value
Output Off
..Output On
Alarm On
..Alarm Off
Alarm
.
Value
Output On
..Output On
Alarm On
..Alarm On
Alarm Value
Alarm Value
Output Off
.
Alarm On
..Alarm On
Alarm Value
Alarm Value
Output Off
..Output On
Alarm Off
..Alarm On
Alarm Value
Output On
.
Alarm Off
..Alarm On
Alarm Value
Output On
..Output Off
Alarm On
..Alarm Off
Alarm Value
Output Off
..Output On
Alarm On
..Alarm Off
Alarm Value
Process Variable
Process Variable
Process Variable
Process Variable
Alarm Off
Process Variable
Alarm Off
Process Variable
Process Variable
Process Variable
Setpoint
Process Variable
Process Variable
Alarm Operation
Type: General Definition
The different alarm types are shown below, together with the action of any outputs. Also refer to
Logical Alarm Combinations, Loop Alarm, Process High Alarm
Alarm Hysteresis, Alarm Inhibit, Band Alarm, Deviation Alarm, Latching Relay
and
Process Low Alarm
,
.
Process High Alarm
Direct-Acting
Process High Alarm
Reverse-Acting
Process Low Alarm
Direct-Acting
Process Low Alarm
Reverse-Acting
Band Alarm
Direct-Acting
Band Alarm
Output Off
Output On .Output Off
Reverse-Acting
Deviation High Alarm (+ve values) Direct-Acting
Deviation High Alarm (+ve values) Reverse-Acting
Deviation Low Alarm (-ve values) Direct-Acting
Deviation Low Alarm (-ve values) Reverse-Acting
.Output Off
Figure 36. Alarm Operation
72
Alarm Inhibit
Type: General Parameter
Inhibits an alarm at power-up or when the controller Setpoint is switched, until that alarm goes inactive. The alarm operates normally from that point onwards.
Also refer to
Automatic Reset (Integral)
Alarm Operation
.
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
Used to automatically bias the proportional output(s) to compensate for process load variations. It is adjustable in the range 1 seconds to 99 minutes 59 seconds per repeat and OFF (value greater than 99 minutes 59 seconds - display shows OFF). Decreasing the time increases the Integral action. This parameter is not available if the primary output is set to On-Off.
Display code = ArSt, default value = five minutes and zero seconds (5555
Also refer to
Auto Pre-Tune
Primary Proportional Band, Secondary Proportional Band, Rate, PID
.
00
00).
0000
, and
Tuning
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
.
Determines whether the Auto Pre-Tune feature is activated on power up (disA = disabled, enAb = enabled). Auto Pre-Tune is useful when the process to be controlled varies significantly each time it is run. Auto Pre-Tune ensures that tuning occurs at the start of the process. Self-Tune may also be engaged to fine tune the controller. Display code = Apt, default setting = diSA.
Also refer to
Pre-Tune, Self-Tune
and
Tuning
.
Auxiliary Input
Type: General Definition
A secondary linear input option module. It can be used as a Remote Setpoint input or for Valve Position Indication. Signals can be mA, mV, VDC or Potentiometer.
Also refer to
Band Alarm 1 Value
Remote Setpoint
, and
Valve Position Indication
.
Type: General Parameter
This parameter is applicable only if Alarm 1 is selected to be a Band Alarm. It defines a band of process variable values, centred on the current actual setpoint value. If the process variable value is outside this band, the alarm will be active. This parameter may be adjusted from 1 to full span from the setpoint. Display code = bAL1, default value = 5.
Also refer to
Band Alarm 2 Value
Alarm Operation, Band Alarm 2 Value
and
Input Span
.
Type: General Parameter
This parameter, is similar to the Band Alarm 1 Value. It is applicable only if Alarm 2 is selected to be a Band Alarm. Display code = bAL2, default value = 5.
Also refer to
Alarm Operation, Band Alarm 1 Value and Input Span.
73
Bias (Manual Reset)
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
Used to manually bias the proportional output(s) to compensate for process load variations. Bias is expressed as a percentage of output power and is adjustable in the range 0% to 100% (for Primary Output alone) or -100% to +100% (for both Primary and Secondary Outputs). This parameter is not applicable if the Primary output is set to ON/OFF control mode. If the process settles below setpoint use a higher Bias value to remove the error, if the process variable settles above the setpoint use a lower Bias value. Lower Bias values will also help to reduce overshoot at process start up. Display code = biAS, default value = 25%.
Also refer to
ON/OFF Control
and
PID
.
Bumpless Transfer
Type: Controller Definition
A method used prevent sudden changes to the output power level when switching between Automatic and Manual control modes. During a transition from Automatic to Manual, the initial Manual Power value will be set to equal the previous automatic mode value. The operator can then adjust the value as required. During a transition from Manual to Automatic, the initial Automatic Power value will be set to equal the previous manual mode value. The correct power level will gradually applied by the control algorithm at a rate dependant on the integral action resulting from the Automatic Reset time. Since integral action is essential to Bumpless Transfer, this feature is not available if Automatic Reset is turned off.
Also refer to
Cascade Control
Automatic Rest
and
Manual Mode
Type: Controller Definition
Applications with two or more capacities (such as heated jackets) are inherently difficult for a single instrument to control, due to large overshoots and unacceptable lags. The solution is to cascade two or more controllers, each with its own input, in series forming a single regulating device. The product setpoint temperature is set on the master controller. This is compared to the product temperature, and the master’s PID output (mA or VDC) is fed into a remote setpoint input on the slave. The RSP is scaled to suit any expected temperature. The slave loop’s natural response time should ideally be at least 5 times faster than the master.
In the example, the maximum input represents 400ºC, thus restricting the jacket temperature. At start-up the master compares the product temperature (ambient) to its setpoint (300ºC) and gives maximum output. This sets the maximum (400ºC) setpoint on the slave, which is compared to the jacket temperature (ambient) giving maximum heater output.
As the jacket temperature rises, the slave’s heater output falls. The product temperature also rises at a rate dependant on the transfer lag between the jacket and product. This causes the master’s PID output to decrease, reducing the ‘jacket’ setpoint on the slave, effectively reducing the output to the heater. This continues until the system becomes balanced.
When tuning a cascade system, first set the master to manual mode. Tune the slave
controller using proportional control only (I & D are not normally required) then return the master to automatic mode before tuning the master. The result is quicker, smoother control with minimum overshoot and the ability to cope with load changes, while keeping the jacket temperature within acceptable tolerances.
Also refer to
Remote Setpoint Upper Limit, Setpoint, Setpoint Select
Manual Mode, Master & Slave, PID, Remote Setpoint, Remote Setpoint Lower Limit
and
Tuning
74
.
,
Communications Write Enable
Type: General Definition
Enables/disables the changing of parameter values via the RS485 communications link, if the communications option is installed. Possible settings are read only or read/write. Display code = CoEn, default setting =
Control Type
r_ W
(read/write).
Type: Controller Parameter
Defines if a controller has one or two control outputs. Single outputs can drive the PV in one direction only (e.g. heat only, cool only, increase humidity etc). Dual outputs can force the PV to increase or decrease (e.g heat & cool, humidify and dehumidify etc). Dual control is not possible on Valve Motor Drive controllers Display codes = SnGL and duAL, default value = SnGL.
Also refer to and
Valve Motor Control
Controller
PID, Primary Proportional Band, Process Variable, Secondary Proportional Band
.
Type: Controller Definition
An instrument that can control a Process Variable, using either PID or On-Off control methods. Alarm outputs are also available that will activate at preset PV values, as are other options such as PV retransmission and Serial Communications.
Also refer to
Retransmit Output
Alarm Operation, Indicator, Limit Controller, On-Off Control, PID, Process Variable
and
Serial Communications
.
,
CPU
Type: General Definition
This stands for Central Processing Unit and refers to the onboard microprocessor that controls all of the measuring, alarm and control functions of the instrument.
Current Proportioning Control
Type: Controller Definition
Current proportioning control can be implemented on units configured with linear current or voltage output(s). It provides a 4 to 20mA, 0-20mA, 0 to 5V, 0 to 10V or 2 - 10V DC PID output. On-Off control should not be used with Current proportioning control.
Also refer to
Band
and
Cycle Time
On-Off Control, PID, Primary Proportional Band, Rate, Secondary Proportional
Time Proportional Control
.
Type: Controller Definition
For time proportioning outputs, it is used to define time period over which the average on vs. off time is equal to the required PID output level. Ct1, Ct2 and Ct3 are available when option slots 1, 2 or 3 are defined as time proportioning output types. The permitted range of value is 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 seconds. Shorter cycle times will give better control, but at the expense of reduce life when used with an electromechanical control device (e.g. relays or solenoid valves). Display codes = Ct1, Ct2 and Ct3, default value = 32.
Also refer to
Deadband
- Refer to
PID
and
Time Proportioning
Overlap/Deadband
.
Type: Controller Parameter
.
Derivative
Refer to
Deviation Alarm 1 Value Type
Rate
Type: Controller Parameter
.
Type: General Parameter
This is applicable only if Alarm 1 is selected to be Deviation Alarm. A positive value (Deviation High) sets the alarm point above the current actual setpoint, a negative value (Deviation Low) sets it
75
below. If the process variable deviates from the setpoint by a margin greater than this value, alarm 1 becomes active. Display code = dAL1, Default value = 5.
Also refer to
Alarm Operation
and
Deviation Alarm 2 Value
.
Deviation Alarm 2 Value
Applicable only if Alarm 2 is selected as a Deviation Alarm. It is similar to Deviation Alarm 1 Value. Display code = dAL2. Default value = 5.
Also refer to
Differential (On-Off Hysteresis)
A switching differential used when one or both control outputs have been set to On-Off. This parameter is adjustable within the range 0.1% to 10.0% of input span; the default value is 0.5%. The differential band is centred about the setpoint. Relay chatter can be eliminated by proper adjustment of this parameter. Too large a value for this parameter will increase amplitude of oscillation in this process variable. Display code = diFp for primary only differential, diFS for secondary only differential & diFF for primary and secondary differential.
Also refer to
Direct/Reverse Action of Control Outputs
Direct action is typically used with cooling applications; On-Off direct outputs will turn on when the process variable exceeds setpoint. Proportional direct outputs will increase the percentage of output as the process value increases within the proportional band. Reverse action is typically used with heating applications; On-Off reverse outputs will turn off when the process variable exceeds setpoint. Proportional reverse outputs will decrease the percentage of output as the process value increases within the proportional band. The Secondary Output will be direct whenever the Primary Output is selected as reverse. The Secondary Output will be reverse whenever the Primary Output is selected as direct.
Also refer to
Proportional Band
Alarm Operation
Input Span
Control Type, On-Off Control, PID, Primary Proportional Band
Type: General Parameter
and
and
On-Off Control
Deviation Alarm 1 Value
.
Type: Controller Definition
.
Type: Controller Parameter
and
Secondary
Display Strategy
Alters the parameters displayed in normal operator mode. For example a controller could display PV + SP, PV + adjustable SP, PV + Ramping SP, PV only or SP only. Display strategy 6 will allow read only access to the setpoint values in Operator Mode, Setup Mode must then be entered to change the setpoint. Display code = diSp
Also refer to
Input Filter Time Constant
This parameter is used to filter out extraneous impulses on the process variable. The filtered PV is used for all PV-dependent functions (display control, alarm etc). The time constant is adjustable from
0.0 seconds (off) to 100.0 seconds in 0.5 second increments. Display code = FiLt, Default value = 2.0 seconds.
Also refer to
Input Range
This is the overall process variable input range and type as selected by the InPt parameter in Configuration Mode.
Also refer to
Process Variable, Setpoint
Process Variable
.
Input Span
.
and
Setpoint Ramping
76
Type: General Parameter
.
Type: General Parameter
Type: General Definition
Input Span
Type: General Definition
The measuring limits, as defined by the Scale Range Lower and Scale Range Upper Limits. The trimmed span value is also used as the basis for calculations that relate to the span of the instrument (E.g. controller proportional bands)
Also refer to
Integral
Refer to
Latching Relay
Input Range, Scale Range Lower Limit
Automatic Reset
.
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
.
Type: General Definition
A type of relay that, once it becomes active, requires a reset signal before it will deactivate. This output is available on Limit controllers and indicator alarms. To successfully deactivate a latched relay, the alarm or limit condition that caused the relay to become active must first be removed, then a reset signal can be applied. This signal may be applied from the instrument keypad, Digital Input or command via Serial Communication.
Also refer to
Communications
LED
Alarm Operation, Indicator, Limit Controller, Limit Hysteresis, Serial
.
Type: General Definition
Light Emitting Diode. LED’s are used as indicator lights (e.g. for the alarm indication). The upper and lower 7-segment displays are also LED’s.
Lock Codes
Type: General Parameter
Defines the four-digit codes required to enter Configuration (20), Set-Up (10), and Auto Tuning (0) modes. Display codes = cLoc, SLoc and tLoc, default values shown above in brackets.
77
Logical Combination of Alarms
Type: General Definition
Two alarms may be combined logically to create an AND/OR situation. Any suitable output may be assigned as a Logical Alarm Output, configured for Reverse-acting or Direct action.
Also refer to
Alarm Operation
Table 27.
Logical Alarm Outputs
Logical OR: Alarm 1 OR Alarm 2
Direct Acting Reverse-Acting
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
ON OFF ON ON OFF OFF
OFF ON ON OFF ON OFF
ALARM 1
ON
ALARM 2
ON
OUTPUT
ON
ALARM 1
ON
ALARM 2
ON
OUTPUT
OFF
Logical AND: Alarm 1 AND Alarm 2
Direct Acting Reverse-Acting
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
ON OFF OFF ON OFF ON
OFF ON OFF OFF ON ON
ALARM 1
ON
ALARM 2
ON
OUTPUT
ON
ALARM 1
ON
ALARM 2
ON
OUTPUT
OFF
Loop Alarm Enable
Type: Controller Parameter
Enables or disables a loop alarm. A loop alarm is a special alarm, which detects faults in the control feedback loop, by continuously monitoring process variable response to the control output(s). The loop alarm can be tied to any suitable output. When enabled, the loop alarm repeatedly checks if the control output(s) are at the maximum or minimum limit. If an output is at the limit, an internal timer is started: thereafter, if the high output has not caused the process variable to be corrected by a predetermined amount 'V' after time 'T' has elapsed, the loop alarm becomes active. Subsequently, the loop alarm mode repeatedly checks the process variable and the control output(s). When the process variable starts to change value in the correct sense or when the output is no longer at the limit, the loop alarm is deactivated.
For PID control, the loop alarm time 'T' is always twice the Automatic Reset parameter value. For On-Off control, a user defined value for the Loop Alarm Time parameter is used.
The value of 'V' is dependent upon the input type. For Temperature inputs, V = 2°C or 3°F. For Linear inputs, V = 10 least significant display units
Control output limits are 0% for Single output (Primary only) controllers and -100% for Dual output (Primary and Secondary) controllers.
Correct operation of the loop alarm depends upon reasonably accurate PID tuning. The loop alarm is automatically disabled during manual control mode and during execution of the Pre-Tune mode. Upon exit from manual mode or after completion of the Pre-Tune routine, the loop alarm is automatically re-enabled. Display code = LAEn,default value = diSA,
Also refer to
Loop Alarm Time, Manual Mode, On-Off Control, Pre-Tune
78
, and
Process Variable
.
Loop Alarm Time
Type: Controller Parameter
When On-Off control is selected and loop alarm is enabled, this parameter determines the duration of the limit condition after which the loop alarm will be activated. It may be adjusted within the range of 1 second to 99 minutes 59 seconds. This parameter is omitted from the Set-up mode display sequence if On-Off control is not selected or loop alarm is disabled. Display code = LAti, Default setting is 99:59.
Also refer to
mADC
Loop Alarm Enable
.
Type: General Definition
This stands for milliamp DC. It is used in reference to the DC milliamp input ranges and the linear DC milliamp outputs. Typically, these will be 0 to 20mA or 4 to 20mA.
Manual Mode
Type: Controller Definition
If Manual Mode is enabled in Set-Up mode, pressing the AM key in operator mode will cause a controller to enter or leave manual control mode. Switching between automatic and manual modes is achieved using bumpless transfer.
For standard Process Controllers Manual Mode operates as follows: The upper display shows the current process value, and the lower display shows the output power in the form - Pxxx (where xxx is equal to the percentage output power). This value may be adjusted using the UP or DOWN keys to increase/decrease the power output. The value can be varied between 0% to 100% for controllers using primary control only, and -100% to +100% for controllers using primary and secondary control (e.g. full heat power to full cool power).
Manual Mode should be used with care because the power output level is set by the operator, therefore the PID algorithm is no longer in control of the process. The operator MUST maintain the process as the desired level manually. Manual power is not limited by the Primary Power Output Limit.
Also refer to
Bumpless Transfer, Manual Mode Enable, PID
, and
Primary Output Power Limit
.
Manual Mode Enable
Type: Controller Parameter
Determines whether operator selection and de-selection of manual control is enabled. If the mode is enabled in Set-Up mode, pressing the AM key in Operator Mode will normally activate or deactivate manual control mode. However, disabling poen in while manual control mode is active will lock the controller into Manual Mode and pressing the Auto/Man key will no longer cause a return to PID (automatic) control. To exit from Manual Mode, poen must temporarily be re-enabled to allow PID control to be re-established. poen can then be safely disabled. It is possible to use a controller as a permanent “Manual Station” by disabling poen to deliberately lock it into Manual Mode. Manual Mode can also be selected using a digital input if one has been fitted and configured for this function. When in Manual Mode, the MAN LED indicator flashes.
Display code = PoEn, default setting = diSA....
Also refer to
Master & Slave
Manual Mode
and
PID
Type: Controller Definition
The terms master & slave are used to describe the controllers in applications where one instrument controls the setpoint of another. The master controller can transmit the setpoint to the slave using an analogue DC linear signal. The slave controller must have a matching a remote setpoint input. Some Profile Controllers can transmit their setpoint via serial communications serial communications. For this method, the Profiler must be able to act as a communications master device and the slave must have a compatible communications option fitted.
79
Also refer to
Setpoint
Cascade Control, Retransmit Output, Remote Setpoint, Serial Communications
,
Modulating Valve
A valve that can be positioned anywhere between fully closed and fully open by means of an incorporated motor. A typical application would be controlling temperature in a furnace heated by gas burners. Some modulating valve motors require linear (mA or VDC) signals to position the valve. These require standard Process Controllers (using PI control).
Offset
Offset is used to modify the measured process variable value and is adjustable in the range ±input span. Use this parameter to compensate for errors in the displayed process variable. Positive values are added to the process variable reading, negative values are subtracted. This parameter is in effect, a calibration adjustment; it MUST be used with care. Injudicious use could lead to the displayed value bearing no meaningful relationship to the actual process variable. There is no front panel indication of when this parameter is in use. Display value = OFFS, default value = 0.
Also refer to
On-Off Control
When operating in On-Off control, the output(s) will turn on or off as the process variable crosses the setpoint in a manner similar to a central heating thermostat. Some oscillation of the process variable is inevitable when using On-Off control. On-Off control can be implemented only with Time Proportioning Control (Relay, Triac or SSR driver output), by setting the corresponding proportional band(s) to zero. On-Off operation can be assigned to the Primary output alone (secondary output not present), Primary and Secondary outputs or Secondary output only (with the primary Output set for time proportional or current proportional control). On-Off control cannot be used on Valve Motor Drive controllers.
Also refer to
Proportional Band, Setpoint, Time Proportioning Control
Input Span, Process Variable
and
Tare
.
Type: VMD Controller Definition
Type: Controller Parameter
Type: Controller Definition
Differential, PID, Process Variable, Primary Proportional Band, Secondary
and
Valve Motor Drive Control
.
On-Off Differential (Hysteresis)
Refer to
Open Loop VMD
An “Open Loop” PID control algorithm does not require a position feedback signal from the valve in order to correctly control the process. Instead, the Process Variable’s deviation from the Setpoint is used to decide how long the valve open or close outputs should be energised (in relation to the Motor Travel Time) in order to bring the process under control. Even when position feedback is provided for Valve Position Indication, the controller does not use this signal when positioning the valve, so problems associated with faulty feedback signals are avoided.
Also refer to
Position Indication
Differential
.
Modulating Valve, Motor Travel Time, PID, Process Variable, Setpoint, Valve
and
Valve Motor Drive Control
.
Type: Controller Parameter
Type: VMD Controller Definition
80
Overlap/Deadban
Output 1
Output 1
Output 2
Output 2
Output 2
Process Variable
Process Variable
Proportional Band 1
Pr
oportional
Proportional
Proportional Band 2
Proportional
Output 1
Output 1
Output 1
Output 1
Output 2
Output 2
Output 2
Overlap
Deadband
Negative values
Positive values
DEADBAND WITH
DEADBAND WITH
ON/OFF Differential
Overlap/Deadband
Type: Controller Parameter
Defines the portion of the primary and secondary proportional bands (Pb_P + Pb_S) over which both outputs are active (Overlap), or neither is active (Deadband). It is adjustable in the range -20% to +20% of the two proportional bands added together. Positive values = Overlap, negative values = Deadband. This parameter is not applicable if the primary output is set for On-Off control or there is no Secondary Output. If the Secondary Output is set for On-Off, this parameter has the effect of moving the Differential band of the Secondary Output to create the overlap or deadband. When Overlap/Deadband = 0, the “OFF” edge of the Secondary Output Differential band coincides with the point at which the Primary Output = 0%. ). Display code = ΟΛ Also refer to
Band
.
OVERLAP WITH
PID
ΟΛ, default value = 0%.
ΟΛΟΛ
Differential, On-Off Control, Primary Proportional Band
Output Power (%) Output Power (%) Output Power (%)
and
Secondary Proportional
PID
OVERLAP &
ON/OFF
Band 1
Band 1
(positive value)
(negative value)
Proportional Band 2 = 0
Output 2 OFF
Process Variable
Band 2
Output 2 ON
Figure 37. Overlap/Deadband
81
PI Control
Type: Controller Definition
Proportional and Integral (PI) Control is used to control Modulating Valves. It is similar to PID Control, but without Derivative (Rate) action that causes excessive valve movement. Also refer to
Modulating Valve, PID Control, Rate, Tuning
and
Valve Motor Drive Control
.
PID Control
Type: Controller Definition
Proportional Integral and Derivative control maintains accurate and stable levels in a process (e.g. temperature control). It avoids the oscillation characteristic of On-Off control by continuously adjusting the output to keep the process variable stable at the desired setpoint. Also refer to
Control Action, Control Type, Automatic Reset, Controller, Manual Mode, On-Off Control, PI Control, Primary Proportional Band, Process Variable, Rate, Secondary Proportional Band, Setpoint, Tuning
PLC
and
Valve Motor Drive Control
.
Type: General Definition
This stands for Programmable Logic Controller. A microprocessor based device used in machine control. It is particularly suited to sequential control applications, and uses “Ladder Logic” programming techniques. Some PLC’s are capable of basic PID control, but tend to be expensive and often give inferior levels of control.
Also refer to
PID
.
82
Control Power
Pre-Tune
engaged
+100% Power (HEAT output)
Initial PV
Process Variable
SP – Initial PV
Setpoint
-
100% Power (Cool output)
Pre-Tune
Type: Controller Definition
The Pre-Tune facility artificially disturbs the start-up pattern so that a first approximation of the PID values can be made prior to the setpoint being reached. During Pre-Tune, the controller outputs full Primary Power until the process value has moved approximately halfway to the setpoint. At that point, power is removed (or outputs full Secondary Power for Dual Control), thereby introducing an oscillation. Once the oscillation peak has passed, the Pre-Tune algorithm calculates an approximation of the optimum PID tuning terms proportional band(s), automatic reset and rate. The process is shown in the diagram below.
When Pre-Tune is completed, the PID control output power is applied using the calculated values. Pre-Tune limits the possibility of setpoint overshoot when the controller is new or the application has been changed. As a single-shot operation, it will automatically disengage once complete, but can be configured to run at every power up using the Auto Pre-Tune function. The Pre-Tune feature on Valve Motor Drive controllers always sets the Rate parameter to zero (OFF) because derivative action is not usually desirable in these applications. Pre-Tune will not engage if either primary or secondary outputs on a controller are set for On-Off control, during setpoint ramping or if the process variable is less than 5% of the input span from the setpoint. Pre-Tune Operation
Figure 38. Pre-Tune Operation
2
here
Also refer to
Auto Pre-Tune, Automatic Reset, Control Type, On-Off Control, Input Span, PID
,
Primary Proportional Band, Process Variable, Rate, Secondary Proportional Band, Self-Tune Setpoint, Setpoint Ramping, Tuning
Primary Output Power Limit
and
Valve Motor Drive Control
.
Type: Controller Parameter
Used to limit the power level of the Primary Output and may be used to protect the process being controlled. It may be adjusted between 0% and 100%. This parameter is not applicable if the primary output is set for On-Off control. Display code is OPhi, default value = 100%
Also refer to
On-Off Control
.
,
83
Primary Proportional Band
The portion of the input span over which the Primary Output power level is proportional to the process variable value. It may be adjusted in the range 0.0% (ON/OFF) to 999.9%. Applicable if Control Type is Single or Dual. For dual control a Secondary Proportional band is used for the second output. The Control Action can be Direct or Reverse acting. The Display value = Pb_P, default value = 5.0%.
Also refer to
Control Action, Control Type, On-Off Control, Input Span, Overlap/Deadband, PID Secondary Proportional Band
, and
Tuning
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
.
,
Process High Alarm 1 Value
This parameter, applicable only when Alarm 1 is selected to be a Process High alarm, defines the process variable value above which Alarm 1 will be active. Its value may be adjusted between Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit. Display code = PHA1, Default value = Scale Range Upper Limit.
Also refer to
Lower Limit
Process High Alarm 2 Value
This parameter, applicable only when Alarm 2 is selected to be a Process High alarm. It is similar to the Process High Alarm 1 Value. Display code = PHA2, Default value = Scale Range Upper Limit.
Also refer to
Lower Limit
Process Low Alarm 1 Value
This parameter, applicable only when Alarm 1 is selected to be a Process low alarm, defines the process variable value below which Alarm 1 will be active. Its value may be adjusted between Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit. Display code = PLA1, Default value = Scale Range Lower Limit.
Also refer to
Lower Limit
Alarm Operation, Process High Alarm 2 Value, Process Variable, Scale Range
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Alarm Operation, Process High Alarm 1 Value, Process Variable, Scale Range
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Alarm Operation, Process Low Alarm 2 Value, Process Variable, Scale Range
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
.
.
.
Type: General Parameter
Type: General Parameter
Type: General Parameter
Process Low Alarm 2 Value
This parameter, applicable only when Alarm 2 is selected to be a Process low alarm. It is similar to the Process Low Alarm 1 Value. Display code = PLA2, default value = Scale Range Lower Limit.
Also refer to
Lower Limit
Process Variable (PV)
Process Variable is the variable to be measured by the primary input of the instrument. The PV can be any parameter that can be converted into a electronic signal suitable for the input. Common types are Thermocouple or PT100 temperature probes, or pressure, level, flow etc from transducers which convert these parameters into linear DC signals (e.g. 4 to 20mA). Linear signals can be scaled into engineering units using the
Also refer to
Process Variable Offset
- Refer to
Alarm Operation, Process Low Alarm 1 Value, Process Variable, Scale Range
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Input Span, Offset, Scale Range Lower Limit
Offset
.
.
Scale Range Lower Limit
84
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Type: General Parameter
Type: General Definition
parameters.
.
Type: General Parameter
Rate (Derivative)
Rate is adjustable in the range 0 seconds (OFF) to 99 minutes 59 seconds. It defines how the control action responds to the rate of change in the process variable. This parameter should not be used in modulating value applications as it can cause premature wear due to constant small adjustments to the valve position. The Rate parameter is not available if primary control output is set to On-Off. The Rate parameter is normally set to 0 seconds (OFF) on Valve Motor Drive controllers because derivative action is not usually desirable in these applications. Display code = rAtE, default value = 1.15.
Also refer to
Remote Setpoint (RSP)
Remote Setpoints use the Auxiliary Input option (a secondary analogue input) to adjust a controller’s setpoint using an external linear DC Voltage or mA input signal, or in some cases potentiometer or mV inputs. The Remote Setpoint value is constrained by the Setpoint Upper Limit and Setpoint Lower Limit settings in the same way as a local setpoint. Typical applications are Master/Slave and Cascade Control. Display code = RSP.
Also refer to
Limit, Remote Setpoint Upper Limit, Setpoint
Remote Auxiliary Input Range
Defines the type and range of the linear input signal (mADC, mVDC, VDC or potentiometer) for the Auxiliary Input. mVDC and potentiometer are only available with the Full Auxiliary input module. This input can be used for Remote Setpoint or Valve Position Indication Display code = RinP, default value = 0_10
Also refer to
On-Off Control, PID, Process Variable, Tuning
and
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
Valve Motor Drive Control
Type: Controller Definition
.
Auxiliary Input, Cascade Control, Remote Input Range, Remote Setpoint Lower
and
0_10 for RSP inputs and Pot for Valve Position Indication.
0_100_10
Remote Setpoint, Setpoint
Setpoint Select
and
Valve Position Indication
.
Type: Controller Parameter
Remote Setpoint Lower Limit
Defines the value of the Remote Setpoint when the RSP input signal is at its minimum value (eg for a 4 to 20mA RSP, the value when 4mA is applied). It may be adjusted within the range -1999 to 9999; (decimal position same as for process variable input). However, the RSP value is always constrained within the Setpoint Upper Limit and Setpoint Lower Limits. Display code = rSPL, default value = PV input range minimum.
Also refer to
Remote Setpoint, Remote Setpoint Input, Remote Setpoint Upper Limit, Remote
Setpoint Offset, Setpoint
Remote Setpoint Upper Limit
Defines the value of the Remote Setpoint when the RSP input signal is at its maximum value (eg for a 4 to 20mA RSP, the value when 20mA is applied). It may be adjusted within the range -1999 to 9999; (decimal position same as for process variable input). However, the RSP value is always constrained within the Setpoint Upper Limit and Setpoint Lower Limits. Display code = rSPu, default value = PV input range maximum.
Also refer to
Remote Setpoint, Remote Setpoint Input, Remote Setpoint Lower Limit, Remote
Setpoint Offset, Setpoint
Remote Setpoint Offset
Used to adjust the Remote Setpoint input value. Positive values are added to the RSP reading, negative values are subtracted. It is adjustable in the range –1999 to 9999, but is constrained within the Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit.
and
Setpoint Upper Limit
and
Setpoint Upper Limit
and
Setpoint Lower Limit
and
Setpoint Lower Limit
Type: Controller Parameter
.
Type: Controller Parameter
.
Type: Controller Parameter
85
Display value = rSPo, default value = 0.
Also refer to
Remote Setpoint, Scale Range Upper Limit
and
Scale Range Lower Limit
.
Retransmit Output
A linear DC voltage or mA output signal, proportional to the Process Variable or Setpoint, for use by slave controllers or external devices, such as a Data Recorder or PLC. The output can be scaled to transmit any portion of the input or setpoint span.
Also refer to
Retransmit Output 1 Scale Maximum
Scales a linear output module in slot 1 that has been set up to retransmit PV or SP. Retransmit Scale Maximum defines the value of the process variable, or setpoint, at which the output will be at its maximum value. E.g. for a 0 to 5V output, the value corresponds to 5V. It may be adjusted within the range -1999 to 9999; the decimal position is always the same as that for the process variable input. If this parameter is set to a value less than that for Retransmit Output 1 Scale Minimum, the relationship between the process variable/setpoint value and the retransmission output is reversed. Display code = ro1H, default value = Scale Range Upper Limit.
Also refer to
Input Span, Master & Slave, Process Variable
Process Variable, Retransmit Output, Retransmit Output 1 Scale Minimum, Scale Range Upper Limit
Retransmit Output 1 Scale Minimum
Scales a linear output module in slot 1 that has been set up to retransmit PV or SP. Retransmit Scale Minimum defines the value of the process variable, or setpoint, at which the output will be at its minimum value. E.g. for a 0 to 5V output, the value corresponds to 0V. It may be adjusted within the range -1999 to 9999; the decimal position is always the same as that for the process variable input. If this parameter is set to a value greater than that for Retransmit Output Scale Maximum, the relationship between the process variable/setpoint value and the retransmission output is reversed. Display code = ro1L, default value = Scale Range Lower Limit.
Also refer to
Process Variable, Retransmit Output, Retransmit Output 1 Scale Maximum, Scale Range Lower Limit
and
and
Setpoint
Setpoint
Type: General Definition
and
Setpoint
Type: General Parameter
.
Type: General Parameter
.
.
Retransmit Output 2 Scale Maximum
Defines the value of the process variable, or setpoint, at which Retransmit Output 2 will be at its maximum value. It is similar to Retransmit Output 1 Scale Maximum. Display code = ro2H, default value = Scale Range Upper Limit.
Also refer to
Range Upper Limit
Retransmit Output 2 Scale Minimum
Defines the value of the process variable, or setpoint, at which Retransmit Output 2 will be at its minimum value. It is similar to Retransmit Output 1 Scale Minimum. Display code = ro2L, default value = Scale Range Lower Limit.
Also refer to
Range Lower Limit
Process Variable, Retransmit Output, Retransmit Output 2 Scale Minimum, Scale
and
Setpoint
.
Process Variable, Retransmit Output, Retransmit Output 2 Scale Maximum, Scale
and
Setpoint
.
Type: General Parameter
Type: General Parameter
Retransmit Output 3 Scale Maximum
Defines the value of the process variable, or setpoint, at which Retransmit Output 3 will be at its maximum value. It is similar to Retransmit Output 1 Scale Maximum. Display code = ro3H, default value = Scale Range Upper Limit.
Type: General Parameter
86
Also refer to
Range Upper Limit
Retransmit Output 3 Scale Minimum
Defines the value of the process variable, or setpoint, at which Retransmit Output 3 will be at its minimum value. It is similar to Retransmit Output 1 Scale Minimum. Display code = ro3L, default value = Scale Range Lower Limit.
Also refer to
Range Lower Limit
Reset
- Refer to
Scale Range Upper Limit
For linear inputs, this parameter is used to scale the process variable into engineering units. It defines the displayed value when the process variable input is at its maximum value. It is adjustable from -1999 to 9999 and can be set to a value less than (but not within 100 units of) the Scale Range Lower Limit, in which case the sense of the input is reversed. For thermocouple and RTD inputs, this parameter is used to reduce the effective range of the input. All span related functions work from the trimmed input span. The parameter can be adjusted within the limits of the range selected by Configuration Mode parameter inpt. It is adjustable to within 100 degrees of the Scale Range Lower Limit. Display code = rUL, default value = 1000 for linear inputs or range maximum for temperature inputs.
Also refer to
Process Variable, Retransmit Output, Retransmit Output 3 Scale Minimum, Scale
and
Setpoint
.
Type: General Parameter
Process Variable, Retransmit Output, Retransmit Output 3 Scale Maximum, Scale
and
Setpoint
Automatic Reset
Input Span, Process Variable
.
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
.
Type: General Parameter
and
Scale Range Lower Limit
.
Scale Range Lower Limit
For linear inputs, this parameter can be used to display the process variable in engineering units. It defines the displayed value when the process variable input is at its minimum value. It is adjustable from -1999 to 9999 and can be set to a value more than (but not within 100 units of) the Scale Range Upper Limit, in which case the sense of the input is reversed. For thermocouple and RTD inputs, this parameter is used to reduce the effective range of the input. All span related functions, work from the trimmed span. The parameter can be adjusted within the limits of the range selected by Configuration Mode parameter inpt. It is adjustable to within 100 degrees of the Scale Range Upper Limit. Display code = rUL, default value = 0 for linear inputs, or range minimum for temperature inputs.
Also refer to
Secondary Proportional Band
The portion of the input span over which the Secondary Output power level is proportional to the process variable value. It may be adjusted in the range 0.0% (ON/OFF) to 999.9%. The Control action for the Secondary Output is always the opposite of the Primary output. The Secondary Proportional Band is only applicable when Dual Control Type is used. Display value = Pb_S, default value = 5.0%.
Also refer to
Input Span, Process Variable
Control Action, Control Type, On-Off Control, Input Span, Overlap/Deadband, PID
Primary Proportional Band
and
Tuning
.
and
Scale Range Upper Limit
Type: General Parameter
.
Type: Controller Tuning Parameter
,
87
Self-Tune
Temperature
Setpoint 1
Setpoint Change
Load Disturbance
Time
Setpoint
2
Type: Controller Tuning Definition
Self-Tune continuously optimises tuning while a controller is operating. It uses a pattern recognition algorithm, which monitors the process error (deviation). The diagram shows a typical application involving a process start up, setpoint change and load disturbance.
Figure 39. Self-Tune Operation
The deviation signal is shown shaded and overshoots have been exaggerated for clarity. The Self­Tune algorithm observes one complete deviation oscillation before calculating a set of PID values. Successive deviation oscillation causes values to be recalculated so that the controller rapidly converges on optimal control. When the controller is switched off, the final PID terms remain stored in the controller's non-volatile memory, and are used as starting values at the next switch on. The stored values may not always be valid, if for instance the controller is brand new or the application has been changed. In these cases the user can utilise Pre-Tune to establish new initial values.
Use of continuous self-tuning is not always appropriate for applications which are frequently subjected to artificial load disturbances, for example where an oven door is likely to be frequently left open for extended periods of time. The Self-Tune feature on Valve Motor Drive controllers always sets the Rate parameter to zero (OFF) because derivative action is not usually desirable in these applications. Self-Tune cannot be engaged if a controller is set for On-Off Control.
Also refer to
Serial Communications Option
Minimum Motor On Time, On-Off Control, Pre-Tune, PID
, and
Tuning
Type: General Definition
.
An feature that allows other devices such as PC’s, PLC’s or a master controller to read or change an instruments parameters via an RS485 Serial link. Full details can be found in the Serial Communications sections of this manual.
Also refer to
Set Valve Closed Position
Controller, Indicator, Master & Slave, Limit Controller
and
PLC
Type: VMD Controller Parameter
When Valve Position Indication is to be used on Valve Motor Controllers, this parameter defines the input value that will be measured by the Auxiliary Input, when the valve is fully closed. The valve must driven to its “Closed” end stop before setting this parameter. It must not be used to limit valve movement, separate Valve Close and Open Limit parameters are available for this purpose. Display code = PcUL, default setting = Auxiliary Input Range Minimum.
Also refer to
Valve Motor Control
Auxiliary Input, Set Valve Opened Position, Valve Close Limit, Valve Open Limit
and
Valve Position Indication
.
,
88
Set Valve Opened Position
When Valve Position Indication is to be used on Valve Motor Controllers, this parameter defines the input value that will be measured by the Auxiliary Input, when the valve is fully opened. The valve must driven to its “Open” end stop before setting this parameter. It must not be used to limit valve movement, separate Valve Close and Open Limit parameters are available for this purpose. Display code = PcLL, default setting = Auxiliary Input Range Maximum.
Also refer to
Valve Motor Control
Setpoint
The target value at which a controller will attempt to maintain the process variable by adjusting its power output level. Controllers can have either one or two setpoints. These can be one or two local internal setpoints (SP or SP1 and SP2), or one local internal setpoint (LSP) and one externally adjusted remote (RSP) setpoint, if a Remote Setpoint module is fitted. The value of the setpoints can be adjusted between the Setpoint Upper Limit and Setpoint Lower Limits. The active setpoint is defined by the status of the Setpoint Select parameter or a digital input.
Also refer to
Auxiliary Input, Set Valve Closed Position, Valve Close Limit, Valve Open Limit
and
Limit Setpoint, Process Variable, Remote Setpoint, Scale Range Lower Limit
Setpoint Lower Limit, Setpoint Upper Limit
Setpoint Upper Limit
The maximum limit allowed for operator setpoint adjustments. It should be set to keep the setpoint below a value that might cause damage to the process. The adjustment range is between Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit. The value cannot be moved below the current value of the setpoint. Display code = SPuL, default value is Scale Range Upper Limit.
Also refer to
Limit
.
Scale Range Lower Limit, Scale Range Upper Limit, Setpoint
Valve Position Indication
and
Setpoint Select
Type: VMD Controller Parameter
.
Type: Controller Definition
Type: Controller Parameter
and
Setpoint Lower
,
,
Setpoint Lower Limit
The minimum limit allowed for operator setpoint adjustments. It should be set to keep the setpoint above a value that might cause damage to the process. The adjustment range is between Scale Range Lowe Limit and Scale Range Upper Limit. The value cannot be moved above the current value of the setpoint. Display code = SPLL, default value = Scale Range Lower Limit.
Also refer to
Limit
.
Setpoint Ramping Enable
Enables or disables the viewing and adjustment of the Setpoint Ramp Rate in Operator Mode. This parameter does not disable the ramping SP feature; it merely removes it from Operator Mode. It can still be viewed and adjusted in Setup Mode. To turn off ramping, the ramp rate must be set to OFF (blank). Display code = SPr, default setting = Disabled.
Also refer to
Setpoint Ramp Rate
The rate at which the actual setpoint value will move towards its target value, when the setpoint value is adjusted or the active setpoint is changed. With ramping in use, the initial value of the actual
Scale Range Lower Limit, Scale Range Upper Limit, Setpoint
Process Variable, Setpoint
and
Setpoint Ramp Rate
.
89
Type: Controller Parameter
and
Setpoint Upper
Type: Controller Parameter
Type: Controller Parameter
setpoint at power up, or when switching back to automatic mode from manual control, will be equal to the current process variable value. The actual setpoint will rise/fall at the ramp rate set, until it reaches the target setpoint value. Setpoint ramping is used to protect the process from sudden changes in the setpoint, which would result in a rapid rise in the process variable. Display code = rP, default setting = OFF (blank).
Also refer to
Manual Mode, Setpoint, Setpoint Ramp Enable
and
Setpoint Select
.
Setpoint Select
Type: Controller Parameter
This Operator Mode parameter is available if the remote setpoint feature is in use and setpoint select is enabled, Setpoint Select defines whether the local or the remote setpoint will be the Active Setpoint. It can be set to diGi, LSP, or rSP. If a digital input has been configured for local/remote setpoint selection, the default setting is diGi. This means the status of the digital input will determine which setpoint is active. Otherwise the user can only choose LSP, or rSP. The active setpoint is indicated by prefixing its legend with the “_ “ character. E.g. the local setpoint legend is _____LSP, when it is active and LSP when it is inactive. If a digital input has been configured to select local/remote SP, setting Setpoint Select to LSP, or rSP will override the digital input and the active SP indication changes to *. Display code = SPS.
Also refer to
Setpoint Select Enable
Active Setpoint, Remote Setpoint, Setpoint
and
Setpoint Select Enable
.
Type: Controller Parameter
If the remote setpoint feature is in use, this determines whether operator selection of setpoints is enabled or disabled. If enabled, the Setpoint Select parameter is available in operator mode. If Setpoint Select is disabled again, the active setpoint will remain at its current status. Display code = SSEn, default setting = diSA (disabled).
Also refer to
Solid State Relay (SSR)
Remote Setpoint
and
Setpoint
.
Type: General Definition
An external device manufactured using two Silicone Controlled Rectifiers, which can be used to replace mechanical relays in most AC power applications. As a solid state device, an SSR does not suffer from contact degradation when switching electrical current. Much faster switching cycle times are also possible, leading to superior control. The instrument’s SSR Driver output is a time proportioned 10VDC pulse, which causes conduction of current to the load when the pulse is on.
Also refer to
Cycle
Time,
Time Proportioning Control, and Triac
.
Solenoid Valve
Type: General Definition
An electromechanical device to control gas or liquid flow. It has just two states, open or closed. A spring holds the valve closed until a current is passed through the solenoid coil forces it open. Standard Process Controllers with Time Proportioned outputs are used to control solenoid valves. Solenoid valves are often used with high/low flame gas burners. A bypass supplies some gas at all times, but not enough to heat the process more than a nominal amount (low flame). A controller output opens the solenoid valve when the process requires additional heat (high flame)..
Also refer to
Tare
Modulating Valves
and
Time Proportioning Control
.
Type: Indicator Parameter
When an Indicator’s Tare function has been enabled, the operator can set the current Process Variable input value to be displayed as zero. This function may be used to easily eliminate any offset on the input signal, e.g. when a transducer output is not giving a true zero value. It may also be used in applications displaying the weight of a product, to remove the weight of a container before starting. When Tare is activated, the instrument automatically sets the PV Offset to an equal, but opposite value to the current measured value.
90
Display code = tArE, default setting = diSA (disabled).
Also refer to
Indicator, Process Variable
, and
Offset
.
Three Point Stepping Control
Refer to
Time Proportioning Control
Time proportioning control is accomplished by cycling the output on and off, during the prescribed cycle time, whenever the process variable is within the proportional band. The control algorithm determines the ratio of time (on vs. off) to achieve the level of output power required to correct any error between the process value and setpoint. E.g. for a 32 second cycle time, 25% power would result in the output turning on for 8 seconds, then off to 24 seconds. This type of output might be used with electrical contactors, Solid State Relays Time proportioning control can be implemented with Relay, Triac or SSR Driver outputs for either primary (Heat) or secondary (Cool) outputs depending on hardware configuration.
Also refer to
Valve Motor Control
Current Proportioning Control, Cycle Time, PID, Primary Proportional Band
Process Variable, Secondary Proportional Band, Setpoint, SSR
Tuning
PID Controllers must be tuned to the process in order for them to attain the optimum level of control. Adjustment is made to the tuning terms either manually, or by utilising the controller’s automatic tuning facilities. Tuning is not required if the controller is configured for On-Off Control.
Also refer to
Automatic Reset, Auto Pre-Tune, On-Off control, PID, Pre-Tune, Primary
Proportional Band, Rate, Self-Tune
.
and
Secondary Proportional Band
Type: VMD Controller Definition
Type: Controller Definition
and
Triac
.
Type: Controller Definition
.
,
Triac
A small internal solid state device, which can be used in place of a mechanical relay in applications switching low power AC, up to 1 amp. Like a relay, the output is time proportioned, but much faster switching cycle times are also possible, leading to superior control. As a solid-state device, a Triac does not suffer from contact degradation when switching electrical currents. A triac cannot be used to switch DC power.
Also refer to
Valve Close Limit
When Valve Position Indication is to be used on Valve Motor Controllers, this parameter provides a “clamp” on the upper valve position, which the controller will not attempt to drive the valve past. It can be set between 0000 (fully closed) and the Valve Open Limit value –1, expressed as a percentage of the valve’s “fully open” position. The Auxiliary Input must correctly scaled using the Set Valve Open and Closed parameters before using this parameter. Display code = PiUL, default setting = 0.
Also refer to
Limit, Valve Motor Control
Cycle
Time,
SSR and Time Proportioning Control
.
Type: VMD Controller Parameter
Type: General Definition
Auxiliary Input, Set Valve Closed Position, Set Valve Open Position, Valve Open
and
Valve Position Indication
.
91
Valve Motor Drive Control
Type: VMD Controller Definition
Valve Motor Drive Controllers are designed to control Modulating Valves using a special “Open Loop” Valve Motor Drive (VMD) PI control algorithm. Output signals are provided to move the valve further open, or further closed when the process is higher or lower than the desired setpoint. When on setpoint, no output is required to maintain control unless load conditions change. This known as Three-Point Stepping control. Valve Position or Flow Indication is possible if an Auxiliary Input option module has been fitted and configured for this purpose.
Also refer to
Valve Position Indication
Auxiliary Input, Modulating Valve, Open Loop VMD, PI Control, PID, Setpoint
.
and
Valve Position or Flow Indication
Type: VMD Controller Definition
The Valve Motor Drive Controllers do not require any kind of position feedback in order for the PID algorithm to correctly control the process. However, where feedback or flow level signals are available, they can be displayed as a percentage (0000 to100
100) of the possible valve opening or flow
100100
level. Valve Position Indication is shown in the Operator Mode lower display in place of the Setpoint when the Display Strategy is set to 7. Valve Position Feedback is usually provided by means of a potentiometer linked to the valve. Potentiometers can be directly connected to the Full Auxiliary Input (Option Slot B only). Flow meters typically have linear 0-20/4-20mA or 0-5/0-10V signals, which can be used with either the Full Auxiliary Input or the Basic Auxiliary Input (Option Slot A only) of the 1/16 Din VMD Controllers. Even when position feedback is provided in this way, the information is not used by the Open Loop VMD control algorithm when positioning the valve, avoiding problems associated with faulty feedback signals.
Also refer to
Auxiliary Input, Display Strategy, Open Loop VMD, PID
, Set Valve Closed Position,
Set Valve Open Position, Setpoint, and Valve Motor Control.
Valve Open Limit
Type: VMD Controller Parameter
When Valve Position Indication is to be used on Valve Motor Controllers, this parameter provides a “clamp” on the upper valve position, which the controller will not attempt to drive the valve past. It can be set between 100
100 (fully open) and the Valve Closed Limit value +1, expressed as a
100100
percentage of the valve’s “fully open” position. The Auxiliary Input must correctly scaled using the Set Valve Open and Closed parameters before using this parameter. Display code = PiLL, default setting = 100
Also refer to
Limit, Valve Motor Control
Auxiliary Input, Set Valve Closed Position, Set Valve Open Position, Valve Close
and
Valve Position Indication
100.
100100
.
VMD
- Refer to
Valve Motor Control
Type: VMD Controller Parameter
.
92
SECTION 14: APPENDIX 2 – SPECIFICATION
14.1 Universal Input
General Input Specifications
Input Sample Rate: Digital Input Filter
Four samples/second.
0.0 (OFF), 0.5 to 100.0 seconds in 0.5 second increments.
time constant Input Resolution:
Input Impedance:
Isolation:
PV Offset: PV Display:
14 bits approximately. Always four times better than display resolution.
10V DC: 47K 20mA DC: 5 Other ranges: Isolated from all outputs (except SSR driver). If single relay outputs are
connected to a hazardous voltage source, and the universal input is connected to operator accessible circuits, supplementary insulation or input grounding is required.
Adjustable ±input span. Displays process variable up to 5% over and 5% under span.
Greater than 10M resistive
Thermocouple
Thermocouple Ranges Available
Sensor Type
J (default) -200 1200 -328 2192
Range Min in °°°°C
Range Max in °°°°C
Range Min in °°°°F
Range Max in °°°°F
Resolution
J -128.8 537.7 -199.9 999.9 0.1° T -240 400 -400 752 1° T -128.8 400.0 -199.9 752.0 0.1° K -240 1373 -400 2503 1° K -128.8 537.7 -199.9 999.9 0.1° L 0 762 32 1403 1° L 0.0 537.7 32.0 999.9 0.1° N 0 1399 32 2551 1° B 100 1824 211 3315 1° R 0 1759 32 3198 1° S 0 1762 32 3204 1° C 0 2320 32 4208 1° PtRh20%:
PtRh40%
0 1850 32 3362
93
Note:
Defaults to °F for USA units. Defaults to °C for no n-USA units. The Configuration Mode parameters, Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit, can be used to restrict range.
Thermocouple Performance
Calibration: Measurement
Accuracy:
Linearisation Accuracy:
Cold Junction Compensation:
Temperature Stability: Supply Voltage Influence: Relative Humidity Influence: Sensor Resistance Influence: Sensor Break Protection:
Complies with BS4937, NBS125 and IEC584. ±0.1% of full range span ±1LSD.
NOTE: Reduced performance for B Thermocouple from 100 to 600°C. NOTE: PtRh 20% vs PtRh 40% Thermocouple accuracy is 0.25% and has reduced performance below 800°C.
Better than ±0.2°C any point, for 0.1° resolution ranges (±0.05°C typical). Better than ±0.5°C any point, for 1° resolution ranges.
Better than ±0.7°C under reference conditions. Better than ±1°C under operating conditions.
0.01% of span/°C change in ambient temperature.
Negligible.
Negligible.
Thermocouple 100: <0.1% of span error. Thermocouple 1000: <0.5% of span error.
Break detected within two seconds. Process Control outputs turn OFF (0% power); Valve Control “Close” outputs turn on; Limit outputs turn off (goes into Exceed condition); Alarms operate as if the process variable is over-range.
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)
RTD Ranges Available
Range Min in °°°°C
-128.8 537.7 -199.9 999.9 0.1°
-199 800 -328 1472 1° (default)
Range Max in °°°°C
Range Min in °°°°F
Range Max in °°°°F
Resolution
Note:
Scale Range Upper Limit and Scale Range Lower Limit Configuration Mode parameters can be used to restrict range.
94
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