Desa BTU-HR User Manual
KEROSENE/DIESEL PORTABLE FORCED AIR HEATERS
OWNER’S MANUAL
New
Straight
Shell
Design
HEATER SIZES: 40,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 70,000 110,000
115,000 155,000 165,000 AND 200,000 BTU/HR MODELS
H.S.I. SERIES
IMPORTANT: Read and understand this manual before
assembling, starting, or servicing heater. Improper use
of heater can cause serious injury. Keep this manual for
future reference.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Safety Information ............................................... 2
Unpacking ........................................................... 3
Product Identification .......................................... 3
Fuels ................................................................... 4
Ventilation ........................................................... 4
Theory of Operation ............................................ 4
Assembly ............................................................ 5
Operation ............................................................ 5
Operation With Portable Generator ..................... 6
Storing, Transporting, or Shipping ....................... 6
Preventative Maintenance Schedule................... 7
Troubleshooting ................................................... 7
Service Procedures ............................................. 9
Specifications .................................................... 15
Wiring Diagrams ............................................... 16
Illustrated Parts Breakdown and Parts List ....... 18
Replacement Parts ........................................... 30
Technical Service .............................................. 31
Accessories ....................................................... 31
Warranty and Repair Service ............. Back Cover
Fill In For Your Records
Model No. _______________________
(Located on side panel)
Serial No. _______________________
(Located on fuel tank)
Date of Purchase: _________________
Save this manual for future reference.
For more information, visit www.desatech.com
SAFETY INFORMATION
WARNING: This product contains and/or generates chemicals
known to the State of California
to cause cancer or birth defects,
or other reproductive harm.
IMPORTANT: Read this owner’s
manual carefully and completely
before trying to assemble, operate, or service this heater. Improper use of this heater can cause
serious injury or death from burns,
fire, explosion, electrical shock,
and carbon monoxide poisoning.
DANGER: Carbon monoxide
poisoning may lead to death!
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning:
bon monoxide poisoning resemble the flu, with headaches, dizziness, and/or nausea. If you have these
signs, the heater may not be working properly. Get
fresh air at once! Have heater serviced. Some people
are more affected by carbon monoxide than others.
These include pregnant women, persons with heart
or lung disease or anemia, those under the influence
of alcohol, and those at high altitudes.
Make certain you read and understand all warnings. Keep this manual for reference. It is your
guide to safe and proper operation of this heater.
• Use only kerosene, #1#2 diesel/fuel oil, JET A
or JP-8 fuels to avoid risk of fire or explosion.
Never use gasoline, naphtha, paint thinners, alcohol, or other highly flammable fuels.
• Fueling
a) Personnel involved with fueling shall be
qualified and thoroughly familiar with the
manufacturer's instructions and applicable
regulations regarding the safe fueling of heating units.
b) Only the type of fuel specified on the heater's
data plate shall be used.
c) All flame, including the pilot light, if any,
shall be extinguished and the heater allowed
to cool, prior to fueling.
d) During fueling, all fuel lines and fuel-line
connections shall be inspected for leaks. Any
leaks shall be repaired prior to returning the
heater to service.
Early signs of car-
e) At no time shall more than one day's supply
of heater fuel be stored inside a building in
the vicinity of the heater. Bulk fuel storage
shall be outside the structure.
f) All fuel storage shall be located a minimum
of 25 feet (762cm) from heaters, torches,
welding equipment, and similar sources of
ignition (exception: the fuel reservoir integral with the heater unit).
g) Whenever possible, fuel storage shall be con-
fined to areas where floor penetrations do
not permit fuel to drip onto or be ignited by
a fire at lower elevation.
h) Fuel storage shall be in accordance with the
authority having jurisdiction.
• Use only the electrical voltage and frequency
specified on model plate.
• Heater must be grounded. Use only a properly
grounded three-wire extension cord. Plug into
grounded outlet only.
• Use only in areas free of flammable vapors or
high dust content.
• Minimum clearance from any combustible
materials: 8 feet (244 cm) from hot air outlet; 4
feet (122 cm) from top; and 4 feet (122 cm)
from sides and inlet.
• Locate heater on a stable and level surface while
hot or operating or a fire may occur.
• Use only in well-vented areas. Before using
heater, provide at least a three-square-foot (2800
square cm) opening of fresh, outside air for each
100,000 Btu/Hr (30 kw) of rating.
• Keep children and animals away from heater
at all times.
• Never start heater when combustion chamber
is hot or if fuel has accumulated in combustion
chamber.
• When used with thermostat, heater may start at
anytime.
• When heater is moved or stored, it must be in a
level position or fuel spillage may occur.
• Use heater only in accordance with local ordinances and codes.
• Never use gasoline, crankcase drainings, naphtha, paint thinners, alcohol, or other highly flammable fuels.
• Never use heater where gasoline, paint thinner,
or other highly flammable vapors are present.
• Never use heater in living or sleeping areas.
• Never leave a heater plugged in without adult
supervision if children or animals are likely to
be present.
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SAFETY INFORMATION
Continued
• Never move, handle, refuel, or service a hot,
operating, or plugged-in heater.
• Never attach duct work to front or rear of heater.
• Never attach heater to external fuel tank.
• Heaters used in the vicinity of tarpaulins, canvas, or similar enclosure materials shall be located a safe distance from such materials. The
recommended minimum safe distance is 10 feet
(304.8cm). It is further recommended that these
enclosure materials be of a fire retardant nature.
These enclosure materials shall be securely fastened to prevent them from igniting or from upsetting the heater due to wind action.
• Unplug heater when not in use.
• Never block air inlet (rear) or air outlet (front)
of heater.
• Warning to New York City Residents
For Use Only At Construction Sites in accor-
dance with applicable NYC codes under
NYCFD certificate of approval #4803, #4899,
#4908, #4909, or #4934.
UNPACKING
1. Remove all packing items applied to heater
for shipment.
2. Remove all items from carton.
3. Check items for any shipping damage. If
heater is damaged, promptly inform dealer
where you bought heater.
PRODUCT
IDENTIFICATION
Hot Air
Outlet
Fan Guard
Thermostat Knob
(Thermostat
Models Only)
Hot Air
Outlet
Fuel
Tank
Side Cover
Ignition Control
Assembly (On
Inside of Side
Cover)
Fan Guard
ON/OFF Switch
with Light
Thermostat Knob
(Thermostat
Models Only)
Fuel Cap/Gauge
Figure 2 - 50/55/60/70 Models
Thermostat Knob
Fuel
Hot Air Outlet
Fuel
Tank
Side Cover
Ignition Control
Assembly (On Inside
of Side Cover)
Cap/
Gauge
Fan Guard
ON/OFF Switch
with Light
(Thermostat
Models Only)
Figure 3 - 110/115/155/165 Models
Hot Air Outlet
Thermostat Knob
(Thermostat Models Only)
Air Filter
End
Cover
Fuel
Tank
Fuel
Tank
Side Cover
Ignition Control
Assembly (On Inside
of Side Cover)
Figure 1 - 40 Models
Fuel
Cap
Air Filter
End
Cover
Fuel Cap/
Gauge
Side Cover
Ignition Control
Assembly (On
Inside of Side
Cover)
Fan
Guard
ON/OFF Switch
with Light
Figure 4 - 200 Model
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FUELS
VENTILATION
WARNING: Use only kerosene, #1/#2 diesel/fuel oil, JET A
or JP-8 fuels to avoid risk of fire
or explosion. Never use gasoline, oil drained from crankcases,
naphtha, paint thinners, alcohol
or other highly flammable fuels.
Use only kerosene, #1/#2 diesel/fuel oil, JET A or
JP-8 fuels. Heavier fuels such as No. 2 fuel oil or
No. 2 diesel fuel may also be used but will result in:
• noticeable odor
• additional fuel filter maintenance
• the need for nontoxic, anti-icer additives in very
cold weather
Do not use fuels heavier than No. 2 grade or heavy
oils such as oil drained from crankcases. These
heavy oils will not ignite properly and will contaminate the heater.
IMPORTANT:
DIESEL ONLY (yellow) storage container. Be sure
storage container is clean. Foreign matter such as
rust, dirt, or water will cause the ignition control assembly to shut down heater. Foreign matter may also
require heater's fuel system to be frequently cleaned.
Use a KEROSENE ONLY (blue) or
WARNING: Provide a fresh
air opening of at least three
square feet (2,800 square cm)
for each 100,000 Btu/hr rating.
Provide extra fresh air if more
heaters are being used. The minimum ventilation requirements
must be followed to avoid risks
associated with carbon monoxide poisoning. Make certain
these requirements are met prior
to operating heater.
Example:
quires one of the following:
• a two-car garage door [16 feet (4.88 meter)
• a single-car garage door [9 feet (2.74 meter)
• two, 30 inch (76.2 cm) windows raised 15
A 200,000 Btu/Hr (58.6kw) heater re-
opening] raised 5 inches (12.7 cm)
opening] raised 8 inches (20.3 cm)
inches (38.1 cm)
THEORY OF OPERATION
The Fuel System: The air pump forces air through the air line. The air is then pushed through the nozzle.
This air causes fuel to be lifted from the tank. A fine mist of fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber.
The Air System: The motor turns the fan. The fan pushes air into and around the combustion chamber.
This air is heated and provides a stream of clean, hot air.
The Ignition System: The ignition control assembly provides power to the ignitor. This ignites the fuel/
air mixture in the combustion chamber.
The Flame-Out Control System: This system causes the heater to shut down if the flame goes out.
Combustion
Chamber
Ignitor
Fan
Air Pump
Motor
Air Intake Filter
Clean
Heated
Air Out
Fuel
Nozzle
Tank
Air For Fuel
System
Figure 5 - Cross Section Operational View
4
Fuel
Filter
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Air Line
To Burner
Air For
Combustion
And Heating
Ignition Control
Assembly
Cool
Air
In
Air Output
Filter
Fuel
ASSEMBLY
(FOR 110/115/155/165/200 MODELS
ONLY)
These models are furnished with wheels and a
handle. Some models are furnished with a second
handle also. Wheels, handle(s), and the mounting
hardware are found in the shipping carton.
Tools Needed
• Medium Phillips Screwdriver
• 3/8" Open or Adjustable Wrench
• Hammer
1. Slide axle through wheel support frame. Install
wheel spacers if provided. Install wheels on axle.
IMPORTANT:
extended hub of wheels toward wheel support
frame (see Figure 6).
2. Place cap nuts on axle ends. Gently tap with
hammer to secure.
3. Place heater on wheel support frame. Line up
holes on fuel tank flange with holes on wheel
support frame.
4. Place handle(s) on top of fuel tank flange. Insert screws through handle(s), fuel tank flange,
and wheel support frame. Attach nut finger
tight after each screw is inserted.
5. After all screws are inserted, tighten nuts
firmly.
Hot Air
Outlet
Fuel
Tank
Flange
Wheel Support
Frame
Nut
Cap Nut
Figure 6 - Wheel and Handle Assembly,
110/115/155/165/200 Models Only
113282-01C 5
When installing wheels, point
Cord Cleat with Bolts
and Nuts (If Provided Set of Two for Right or
Left Side)
Screw
Axle
Wheel
Wheel Spacer
(If Provided)
Handle
Air
Inlet
Extended
Hub
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IMPORTANT: Review and understand the warnings in the
Information
They are needed to safely operate this heater. Follow all local
ordinances and codes when
using this heater.
TO START HEATER
1. Follow all ventilation and safety information.
2. Locate heater to provide maximum circulation
3. Fill fuel tank with kerosene, #1#2 diesel/fuel
4. Attach fuel cap.
5. For thermostat models, turn thermostat knob
6. Plug heater’s power cord into approved,
7.
8. For thermostat models, adjust thermostat knob
TO STOP HEATER
Without ON/OFF Switch
Unplug extension cord from outlet.
With ON/OFF Switch
Push ON/OFF switch to OFF (O) position. Unplug heater when not in use.
OPERATION
Safety
section, page 2.
of the heated air. Follow all location requirements noted in Safety Information, page 2.
oil, JET A or JP-8 fuel.
clockwise to the high position.
grounded, three-wire extension cord. Extension
cord must be at least six feet (1.8 meters) long.
Extension Cord Size Requirement
6 to 10 feet (1.8 to 3 meters) long, use 18 AWG
(0.75 mm2) rated cord
11 to 100 feet (3.3 to 30.5 meters) long, use
16 AWG (1.0 mm2) rated cord
101 to 200 feet (30.8 to 61 meters) long, use
14 AWG (1.5 mm2) rated cord
Plug extension cord into standard 120 volt/60
hertz, 3-prong grounded outlet.
Note:
For heater without ON/OFF switch, ignitor will preheat for five seconds, then heater
will start.
Note:
For heater with ON/OFF switch, push
switch to ON(|) position and heater should start
in 5 seconds. If heater does not start, see
Troubleshooting, page 7.
to the desired setting.
affect the thermostat setting. This thermostat
is a general-heating control. It is not intended
for precise temperature control. Adjust thermostat until heater cycles at the desired setting.
Note:
A cold heater may
OPERATION
Continued
TO RESTART HEATER
Wthout ON/OFF Switch
1. Unplug extension cord from outlet and wait
10 seconds. (Wait two minutes if heater has
been running.)
2. Repeat steps under To Start Heater.
With ON/OFF Switch
1. Push ON/OFF switch to OFF (O) position
and wait 10 seconds (2 minutes if heater has
been running).
2. Repeat steps under To Start Heater, page 5.
ON/OFF
Switch with
Light
Figure 7 - ON/OFF Switch, 50/55/60/70 Models
ON/OFF
Switch with
Light
Figure 8 - ON/OFF Switch, 110/115/155/
165/200 Models
OPERATION WITH
PORTABLE GENERATOR
WARNING: Before operating
heater or any appliance from a
portable generator, verify that
generator has been properly connected to earth ground. Improper
grounding or failure to ground
generator can result in electrocution if a ground fault occurs.
Refer to owner’s manual supplied
by generator manufacturer for
proper grounding procedures.
The operating voltage range of the heater is 108
to 132 Volts (120 Volts +/- 10%). Prior to plugging heater into generator the output voltage
should be verified (if generator is equipped with
the automatic idle feature, the output voltage
should be measured with the generator running at
full speed). If the voltage does not measure in
this range the heater should not be plugged into
the generator.
Refer to Operation, page 5, for starting, stopping,
and resetting heater procedures.
Alternator
Figure 9 - Typical Generator Grounding
Method (Generator construction may
vary from that shown)
Ground Lug
Copper or
Brass
Grounding
Point
Ground Wire (#10
AWG - StrandedCopper)
STORING,
TRANSPORTING, OR
SHIPPING
Note:
If shipping, transport companies require fuel
tanks to be empty.
1. Drain fuel tank.
drain plug on underside of fuel tank. If so,
remove drain plug to drain all fuel. If heater
does not have drain plug, drain fuel through
fuel cap opening. Be sure all fuel is removed.
2. Replace drain plug if provided.
3. If any debris is noted in old fuel, add 1 or 2
quarts of clean kerosene to tank, stir, and drain
again. This will prevent excess debris from
clogging filters during future use.
4. Replace fuel cap or drain plug. Properly dispose of old and dirty fuel. Check with local
automotive service stations that recycle oil.
5. If storing, store heater in dry place. Make sure
storage place is free of dust and corrosive fumes.
IMPORTANT:
mer months for use during next heating season.
Using old fuel could damage heater.
Note:
Some models have
Do not store kerosene over sum-
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PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
WARNING: Never service heater while it is plugged in, operating,
or hot. Severe burns and electrical shock can occur.
Item
Fuel tank
Air output and lint filters
Air intake filter
Fuel filter
Ignitor
Fan blades
Motor
How Often
Flush every 150-200 hours of operation
or as needed
Replace every 500 hours of operation or
once a year
Wash and dry with soap and water every
500 hours of operation or as needed
Clean twice a heating season or as needed
No maintenance required
Clean every season or as needed
Not required/permanently lubricated
How To
See Storing, Transporting, or
Shipping, page 6
See Air Output, Air Intake, and
Lint Filters, page 9
See Air Output, Air Intake, and
Lint Filters, page 9
See Fuel Filter, page 10
See Fan, page 9
TROUBLESHOOTING
WARNING: Never service heater while it is plugged in, operating,
or hot. Severe burns and electrical shock can occur.
FAULT CONDITION
Motor does not start five seconds after heater is plugged in
POSSIBLE CAUSE
1. No power to heater
2. ON/OFF switch not in the
ON(|) position
3. If equipped, thermostat setting
is too low
REMEDY
1. Check circuit breaker in electrical panel
2. Verify the ON/OFF switch is in
ON (|) position and light is on
3. Turn thermostat knob to a
higher setting
WARNING: High voltage!
4. Bad electrical connection between motor and ignition control assembly or ignition control assembly and power cord
5. Binding pump rotor
6. Defective ignition control assembly
7. Defective motor
8. Blown fuse or ignitor control
assembly
113282-01C 7
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4. Check all electrical connections. See Wiring Diagrams,
page 16
5. If fan does not turn freely, see
Pump Rotor, page 14
6 Replace ignition control as-
sembly
7. Replace motor
8. See Ignition Control Assem-
bly, page 15
FAULT CONDITION
Motor starts and runs but heater
does not ignite
TROUBLESHOOTING
Continued
POSSIBLE CAUSE
1. No fuel in tank
2. Pump pressure incorrect
3. Dirty fuel filter
4. Obstruction in nozzle
5. Water in fuel tank
WARNING: High voltage!
REMEDY
1. Fill tank with kerosene
2. See Pump Pressure Adjust-
ment, page 10
3. See Fuel Filter, page 10
4. See Nozzle Assembly, page 13
5. Drain and flush fuel tank with
clean kerosene. See Storing,
Transporting, or Shipping,
page 6
Heater ignites but ignition control assembly shuts heater off
after a short period of time
6. Bad electrical connection between ignitor and ignition control assembly
7. Defective ignitor
8. Defective ignition control assembly
9. 200 Model Only: Defective
fuel valve (Models equipped
with fuel valve only)
1. Pump pressure incorrect
2. Dirty air intake, air output,
and/or lint filter
3. Dirty fuel filter
4. Obstruction in nozzle
5. Photocell assembly not properly
installed (not seeing the flame)
6. Dirty photocell lens
WARNING: High voltage!
7. Bad electrical connection between photocell and ignition
control assembly
8. Defective photocell
9. Defective ignition control assembly
6. Check electrical connections.
See Wiring Diagrams, page 16
7. Replace ignitor, see page 11
8. Replace ignition control assembly
9. See Fuel Valve, page 11
1. See Pump Pressure Adjust-
ment, page 10
2. See Air Output, Air Intake, and
Lint Filters, page 9
3. See Fuel Filter, page 10
4. See Nozzle Assembly, page 13
5. Make sure photocell boot is
properly seated in bracket
6. Clean photocell lens
7. Check electrical connections.
See Wiring Diagrams, page 16
8. Replace photocell
9. Replace ignition control assembly
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SERVICE PROCEDURES
WARNING: To avoid risk of
burn and electrical shock, never
attempt to service heater while it
is plugged in, operating, or hot.
UPPER SHELL REMOVAL
1. Remove screws along each side of heater using
5/16" nut-driver. These screws attach upper and
lower shells together. See Figure 10 or 11.
2. Lift upper shell off.
3. Remove fan guard.
Screw
Upper Shell
4. Clean fan using a soft cloth moistened with
kerosene or solvent.
5. Dry fan thoroughly.
6. Replace fan on motor shaft. Place fan hub
flush with end of motor shaft (see Figure 13).
7. Place setscrew on flat of shaft. Tighten setscrew
firmly (40-50 inch-pounds/4.5-5.6 n-m).
8. Replace fan guard and upper shell.
Fan
Setscrew
Fan Guard
Figure 10 - Upper Shell Removal,
40/50/55/60/70 Models Only
Screw
Upper Shell
Motor Shaft
Figure 12 - Fan, Motor Shaft, and
Setscrew Location
Setscrew
Motor
Motor
Shaft
Figure 13 - Fan Cross Section
Fan
Flush
AIR OUTPUT, AIR INTAKE AND LINT
FILTERS
1. Remove upper shell (see Figure 10 or 11).
2. Remove filter end cover screws using 5/16" nut-
Fan
Guard
Figure 11 - Upper Shell Removal,
110/115/155/165/200 Models Only
FAN
IMPORTANT:
fore removing motor from heater. The weight of
the motor resting on the fan could damage the fan
pitch (see Figure 12).
1. Remove upper shell (see Figure 10 or 11).
2. Use 1/8" allen wrench to loosen setscrew
which holds fan to motor shaft.
3. Slip fan off motor shaft.
113282-01C 9
Remove fan from motor shaft be-
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driver (see Figure 14 or Figure 15, page 10).
3. Remove filter end cover.
4. Replace air output and lint filters.
5. Wash or replace air intake filter (see Preven-
tative Maintenance Schedule, page 7).
Air Intake Filter
Filter End
Cover
Lint Filter
Figure 14 - Air Output, Air Intake, and
Lint Filters, 40/50/55/60/70 Models Only
Air Output Filter
SERVICE PROCEDURES
Continued
6. Replace filter end cover.
7. Replace fan guard and upper shell.
IMPORTANT:
Lint Filter
Figure 15 - Air Output, Air Intake, and Lint
Filters, 110/115/155/165/200 Models Only
PUMP PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT
1. Remove pressure gauge plug from filter end
cover (see Figure 16).
2. Install accessory pressure gauge (part number HA1180).
3. Start heater (see Operation, page 5). Allow
motor to reach full speed.
4. Adjust pressure. Turn relief valve to right to
increase pressure. Turn relief valve to left to
decrease pressure. See specifications correct
pressure for each model (see Figure 17).
5. Remove pressure gauge. Replace pressure
gauge plug in filter end cover.
Pressure
Gauge
Plug
Do not oil filters.
Air Intake Filter
Filter End
Cover
Air Output Filter
Relief
Valve
FUEL FILTER
1. Remove side cover screws using 5/16" nutdriver.
2. Remove side cover.
3. Pull upper fuel line off fuel filter neck (see
Figure 18 or 19).
4. Carefully pry bushing, fuel filter, and lower
fuel line (110/115/155/165/200 Models only)
out of fuel tank (see Figure 19).
5.
Wash fuel filter with clean fuel and replace in tank.
6. Attach upper fuel line to fuel filter neck.
7. Replace side cover.
Fuel Filter and
Bushing
Side Cover
Figure 18 - Fuel Filter Removal,
40/50/55/60/70 Models
Fuel Filter, Bushing,
and Lower Fuel Line
Upper Fuel Line
Figure 16 - Pressure Gauge Plug
Removal (40/55/60/70 Models Shown)
Pump
Model Pressure
40 3.0 PSI
50 3.4 PSI
55 3.4 PSI
60 3.4 PSI
70 4.7 PSI
110 5.1 PSI
115 5.1 PSI
155 5.2 PSI
165 5.6 PSI
200 6.2 PSI
Pressure
Gauge
Figure 17 - Adjusting Pump Pressure
(40/50/55/60/70 Models Shown)
10
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Side
Cover
Upper Fuel Line
Figure 19 - Fuel Filter Removal,
110/115/155/165/200 Models
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