DCS (AUDIO) PURCELL User Manual

dCS Purcell

Digital to Digital Converter

User Manual

Software Release 2.2x

September 2004

© dCS Ltd. 1999 - 2004

Price UK £17.50 / Euro 25.00

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of dCS1. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice, and whilst it is checked for accuracy, no liabilities can be accepted for errors.

1	dCS is Data Conversion Systems Ltd. Company registered in England No. 2072115.

dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Developed from our highly successful and acclaimed dCS 972 professional DDC, the dCS Purcell is the first high precision Digital to Digital Converter (DDC) designed specifically for audiophile use. It is used to increase the sample rate and/or wordlength of the output from domestic linear PCM digital audio sources, such as CD and DVD players, up to a maximum sample rate of 192kS/s and a maximum wordlength of 24 bits. This is achieved using extremely powerful and accurate digital interpolation filters, which introduce negligible levels of distortion.

When decoded by an appropriate DAC, the upsampled signal from the Purcell shows improved dynamics, more dimensional stereo imaging in terms of both width and depth, more accurate bass, better resolution of fine detail and a more relaxed and natural presentation. In this context an "appropriate DAC", means one that can accept sample rates of up to 96kS/s and input word lengths of at least 20 bits and preferably 24 bits. The greatest improvement will be achieved when using the dCS Elgar Plus 24/192-DSD DAC. The Elgar Plus, because of its proprietary dCS Ring DAC technology, has the finest linearity of any consumer DAC currently available and is able to accept input sample rates up to 192kS/s.

The most common use for the Purcell is to upsample the 16 bit 44.1kS/s digital output from a CD transport or player to either 24 bit 96kS/s, 24 bit 192kS/s or DSD. We have carried out listening tests with the dCS Elgar Plus 24/192-DSD DAC using CDs manufactured from 24/96 digital masters and have found that upsampling reveals information that is present in the master source, but which is not audible when the CD is played back normally. Upsampling cannot increase the amount of information in a signal and the exact mechanism behind the perceived sonic improvements is currently not entirely clear. We are continuing our research into this subject.

Units fitted with the IEEE 1394 interface can upsample the source data to DSD format (a single bit data stream, sampled at 2.822MS/s), for conversion to extra wide-band audio by a dCS Elgar Plus or Delius DAC.

Purcell uses the same digital processing engine running the same DSP code as the dCS 972 / 974 and they are sonically identical. The extensive use of programmable logic makes the Purcell extremely flexible and easy to upgrade.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

HENRY PURCELL (1659-1695)

The dCS Purcell is named after the 17th century English composer, organist, bass and countertenor, Henry Purcell. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the baroque period and some even regard him as the most gifted English musician and composer of all time. During his short 35 years, he composed in every musical genre of the period.

Born in London, he was a child prodigy and began writing music at the age of eight. He started his career as a boy chorister at the Chapel Royal.

In 1673 he became an unpaid apprentice to John Hingeston, Keeper of the Royal Instrument where he acquired considerable experience in tuning the organ at Westminster Abbey. He was able to provide himself with an income during his apprenticeship by copying books of organ parts.

In 1677, Purcell was appointed composer-in-ordinary for Charles II's string ensemble and then two years later, took over from his mentor John Blow as principal organist for Westminster Abbey. This post entitled him to a salary and also provided a house.

At the age of 21 he wrote his first Welcome Song for Charles II, and also his first music for the theatre. Purcell was exceptionally skilled in the way that he set a libretto to music, particularly in fitting phrases of varying and uneven length. A good example is Dido's final lament, When I am Laid in Earth. Also about this time he began to produce a wide range of music for the church. It is no understatement to say that for sheer beauty and intensity of emotion, his sacred music has few peers.

In 1682 he succeeded Edward Lowe as organist of the Chapel Royal, a position which also entailed him being a singer in the choir. The following year he wrote one of his best known sacred pieces, an Ode for St. Cecelia's Day.

After the death of John Hingeston in 1688, Purcell was appointed organ maker and Keeper of the Royal Instruments.

His greatest achievement was the opera Dido and Aeneus, which was written in 1689 for performance "by Young Gentlewomen" at Josia Priest's boardingschool at Chelsea in London. It is the earliest English opera still to be regularly performed. His later works for the theatre, Dioclesian, King Arthur, The Fairy Queen, The Indian Queen and The Tempest, whilst containing excellent music, sadly do not lend themselves to performance apart from the plays for which they were written.

Not much is known about his final years although he undoubtedly remained active as a composer. The last Royal occasion he provided music for was Queen Mary's funeral in 1694. He died the following year and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Although Purcell's genius spanned every musical genre of the period, he is best remembered for his Opera Dido and Aeneus and his choral music, particularly his Te Deum, Jubilate and Sound the Trumpet, all of which are still regularly performed.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Some of Purcell's music may be found on the following recordings.

•Complete Anthems and Services Vol. 1 - Hyperion CDA66585 Choir Of New College, Oxford

•Complete Anthems and Services Vol. 2 - Hyperion CDA66609 Choir Of New College, Oxford

•Dido and Aeneas (opera) - Chandos Chaconne CHAN0521 Andrew Parrott/Taverner Players & Taverner Choir

•15 Fantasias - EMI CDM7630662 London Baroque

•7 Sonatas a 3 & Pavans - Chandos CHAN8591 Purcell Quartet

•5 Sonatas a 3, 2 Sonatas a 4, Pavans & Fantasias - Chandos CHAN8663 Purcell Quartet

•8 Sonatas a 4 & Voluntaries - Chandos CHAN8763

Purcell Quartet

•12 Sonatas a 3 - Harmonia Mundi HMC901439 London Baroque

•10 Sonatas a 4 - Harmonia Mundi HMC901438 London Baroque

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

CONTENTS

Product Overview ..............................................................................................		3
Henry Purcell (1659-1695).................................................................................		4
Contents .............................................................................................................		6
About this Manual		9
What does the coloured text mean?		9
About Sample Rates	x	9
Step-by-Step Guide .........................................................................................		10
Preliminaries		10
Step 1 – Selecting a Digital Input		11
Connecting to a Single AES or SPDIF source		11
Step 2 - Setting the Output Sample Rate		11
Sample Rate Conversion	x	11
Bit-for Bit Operation	x	11
Setting the Output mode	x	11
Step 3 – Connecting the Digital Outputs		12
Connecting a Single AES or SPDIF Output		12
Connecting the Dual AES Outputs	x	13
Connecting the 1394 Interface	x	14
Step 4 – Reducing the Output Wordlength		15
Other Settings		15
Typical Applications........................................................................................		16
Using a 1394-Equipped Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus		16
Using a Standard Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus		17
Upsampling to Dual AES, DAC in Slave Mode		18
The Software – The Menu ...............................................................................		20
Using the Function Menu		21
Opening the Menu		21
Types of Menu Page		21
Closing the Menu		21
Menu Sequence		22
Filter - Interpolation Filter Setting		22
Transmit – Activating the 1394 Outputs		22
1394 ID – 1394 Source Identification		23
Out Word – Output Wordlength		23
N.Shape – Noise Shaping		24
Dither		24
WClk - Wordclock		25
Out Mode - Output Mode		25
Setting the Output Mode	x	25
Cloning – Bit-for-Bit Mode		26
In Word – Displaying the Input Wordlength		26
Disp - Default Display		26
Bright x - Display Brightness		27
De-Emph - Emphasis Processing		27
TimeOut – Menu Time Out Setting		27
Ch.Check - Channel Check Test		28
Ph.Check - Phase Check Test		28
Burn In - Burn-In Signal Generation		29
Test - Display Test		29
Issue – Software Issue State		30
Temp – Unit Internal Temperature		30
Serial – Unit Serial Number		30
Contact - Contact information		30
CDUpdate – Software Update By CD		31
Factory – Restoring Factory Defaults		33

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dCS Purcell User Manual		Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd		September 2004
The Hardware – Controls and Connectors ...................................................		34
Front Panel		34
Key to Front Panel		34
Power Button	x	34
Input Button	(Step Back)	34
Output Button	(Step)	35
Status Indicator	x	35
Remote Control Sensor	x	35
Main Display	x	35
Input / Mode Indicator	x	36
Function Button	(Select)	36
Rear Panel		37
Key to Rear Panel		37
AES/EBU Digital Input		37
SPDIF Digital Inputs		37
SPDIF Optical Input		38
Wordclock Digital Input / Output		38
AES/EBU Digital Outputs		38
SPDIF Digital Output		38
1394 Interface		39
Power Link		39
SUC		39
Power switch		39
IEC Power Inlet		39
Mains Fuse		39
Additional Information		40
Remote Control		41
Purcell button and LED		41
Standby button		42
Function button		42
Input Selector buttons		42
Filter button		42
Display button		42
Up / Down (↑ / ↓ ) buttons		42
Purcell Technical Information .........................................................................		44
Digital Interface Specifications		44
Sample Rates		45
Frequency Response – DDC mode		45
Spurious Free Dynamic Range – DDC mode		46
Sample Rate Combinations and Filter Options		47
Clocking		47
Synchronising to source	x	47
Power requirements		48
Size and Weight		48
Operating Conditions		48
Noise Shaping		49
Dither		50
Message Handling		51
AES outputs		51
SPDIF outputs		51
General Technical Information.......................................................................		52
Wordlength Reduction		52
What does it look like?	x	54
IEEE 1394 Overview		56
Synchronising IEEE 1394 interfaces		56
Automatic Input Selection		56
dCS IR Remote Control Codes		58
Upsampler		58
DACs		59
Transports		60
Using your dCS Purcell for the first time ........................................................		62
What’s in the Box?		62
Safety Notice		62
Mains Voltage Setting		63

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004
Positioning the Unit		63
Options .............................................................................................................		64
IEEE 1394 Interface		64
IR Remote Control		64
Mains Supply Voltage		64
Having Your Options Changed		64
Maintenance and Support...............................................................................		66
Service & Maintenance		66
Obtaining Service		66
Mains Fuse		66
Replacing a Blown Fuse	x	66
Fitting or Replacing the Batteries in the Remote Control		67
Opening the battery compartment and removing batteries		67
Fitting new batteries and closing the case		67
Updating your Purcell		68
Software Updates	x	68
Hardware Updates	x	68
Safety and Electrical Safety		69
Cleaning the Case		69
Troubleshooting ..............................................................................................		70
Fault Indication		70
Power interruption		70
Power up test errors		70
Troubleshooting Guide		71
The unit fails to power up		71
The DAC suddenly mutes, Purcell repeats its’ power-up sequence		71
The unit fails to lock to a digital audio source or displays “No Input”		71
The display continuously shows “Locking”		71
The unit locks but no signal is received		71
Using a master clock, ticks and noises are heard on the outputs		71
Erratic operation when locked to 96 or 88.2kS/s on Toslink or ST inputs		72
The DAC locks but noise is received		72
The DAC fails to lock to Purcell's output at 88.2 or 96kS/s		72
The Remote Control fails to control the unit		72
Output audio quality is poor		73
The DAC connected to the AES or SPDIF outputs reports an error		73
When playing a DVD, a short burst of noise is heard and the sample rates
change		73
The DAC fails to lock to Purcell's output at 176.4 or 192kS/s		73
The DAC output is monophonic		73
The stereo image is poor or out of position		73
Channel Check, Phase Check and Burn-In do not work		74
Cannot Set Wordlength, Dither or Noise Shaping		74
Menu Timeout does not work		74
The Display turns on briefly when a control is operated, then turns off		74
Troubleshooting the IEEE 1394 Interface		75
Upsampler or Transport displays “Inactive”		75
The Unit keeps displaying “No Comms”		75
The Unit keeps displaying “Search..”		75
The DAC displays “Verdi Wordclock Missing”		75
The DAC displays “Missing Wordclock between Clk Out & Verdi Clk In”		75
The DAC displays “Please check source slaved to DAC Wordclock Out”		75
The DAC displays “Wrong Wordclock @ Verdi Clk In”		75
The DAC remains muted		76
The DAC takes a long time to unmute		76
If You Need More Help ....................................................................................		77
Other Information		77
Indexes and Software Version Numbers........................................................		78
Software History		78
Definitions and Abbreviations		79
Key to Cable Identification		80
List of Tables		81

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004
List of Figures	81
Keywords and Phrases	82

About this Manual

If you have not used a Purcell before, please read the section “Using your dCS Purcell for the first time” on page 62.

This manual has been arranged with the most commonly used sections placed first:

•table of contents (page 6)

•step-by-step (page 10) and applications guides (page 16)

•detailed software and hardware information (page 20)

•technical information (page 44)

•information for first time users (page 62)

•options, maintenance and troubleshooting (page 64)

•index section (page 78)

What does the coloured text mean?

If you are reading a colour print or a soft copy of this manual, you will notice that some types of text are in colour:

•Brown text in bold is a reference to another section or page. Sometimes, if you are reading a soft copy of the manual, page numbers are hyperlinks – click on them and you will go there.

•Blue text is used for controls and connectors, described in the hardware section.

•White text in bold on black is used for alternative control functions, such as menu operation.

•Pink text is a menu page or setting.

•Green text in bold shows what appears on the display.

•Purple text in bold is used for indicators.

IMPORTANT! Important information is presented like this - ignoring this may cause you to damage the unit, or invalidate the warranty.

The manual is designed to be helpful. If there are points you feel we could cover better, or that we have missed out - please tell us.

About Sample Rates

x

All references to sample rates in this manual use the unit kS/s (kilo Samples per second) rather than the technically incorrect kHz.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE

This section guides you through setting up the unit for basic operation. You may find this useful if you have not used the Purcell for a while.

Preliminaries

The Control Summary sheet details the menu structure and outlines the use of the front panel controls. For more information, see the Function Menu section on page 20.

For digital interfaces, use with cables designed for digital audio:

•for AES/EBU interfaces use 110Ω screened, twisted pair cables fitted with one male XLR connector and one female XLR connector.

• for SDIF, Wordclock or SPDIF BNC interfaces, use 75Ω coax cables fitted with BNC plugs.

•for SPDIF RCA interfaces, use 75Ω coax cables fitted with RCA Phono plugs.

•for TOSLINK optical interfaces, use Toslink fibre-optic cables.

•for IEEE 1394 interfaces, use the IEEE 1394 cable provided with the unit.

do this: Connect the power cable supplied to the Power inlet on the Purcell rear panel, plug the other end into a convenient power outlet.

IMPORTANT! Please do not use an excessively thick power cable as this may damage the power inlet connector.

do this: Press the Power button and wait about 30 seconds while Purcell configures itself.

The display will show in sequence: Purcell, Testing ... and No Input.

If the unit is likely to be set in an unfamiliar state, you can reset it as follows:

do this: Press the Function button once, then press the Input button so the display shows Factory. Press the Select button and wait while the unit reboots.

The PWR, 24bit, NS and one of the input indicators will be lit.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Step 1 – Selecting a Digital Input

do this: Switch on the source equipment. If appropriate, load a disk / tape and set the machine in PLAY mode to ensure it is generating a digital audio data stream.

Connecting to a Single AES or SPDIF source

Most source equipment (such as CD transports, DVD players) is fitted with a single wire digital output, usually on an RCA phono connector.

do this: Connect your source equipment to the matching input on the Purcell rear panel using a suitable cable.

do this: Press the Input button repeatedly until your chosen input is displayed on the input indicator, to the right of the display. This will be either AES, RCA, TOS or

BNC.

The unit will lock to the source, displaying in sequence Locking, d xxx (the sample rate) then the default display (probably 44.→1→ 44.1, depending on the Disp menu setting and the source format).

Step 2 - Setting the Output Sample Rate

do this:	Choose one of the following sections:
Sample Rate Conversion				x
do this:	To change the Output Sample Rate, press the Output button repeatedly to
	cycle through the available conversions. Choose a sample rate to match your
	DAC (usually the highest sample rate your DAC will handle).
do this:	DSD is available on units fitted with the optional IEEE 1394 interface.
	NonClone must be set. DSD data will be available from the 1394 outputs. Do
	not use the other outputs.
Bit-for Bit Operation				x
do this:	If you need bit-for-bit operation (for example to pass through HDCD data
	unchanged), you must first use the Output button to set the Output Sample
do this:	Rate to be the same as the Input sample Rate (for example 44.→1→ 44.1).
	Press the Function button once to open the menu, then press the Output
	button repeatedly until the display shows NonClone or Cloning. If necessary,
	use the	Select	button to set this to Cloning.
Setting the Output mode				x
do this:	This setting determines whether conversions to 88.2 or 96kS/s are output as
	Single AES or Dual			AES. Open the Menu and press the Output button

repeatedly until Out Mode is displayed. Select the mode you want:

• Single. The Output Sample Rate must not be higher than 96kS/s. Single wire data will be available on all of the AES 1, AES 2, RCA and BNC outputs.

• Dual AES. The Output Sample Rate must be 88.2, 96, 176.4 or 192kS/s. Dual AES data will be available on the AES 1 / AES 2 output pair. Do not use the other outputs.

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If the Output Sample Rate is 88.2 or 96kS/s, check that your DAC is capable of double speed operation.

If you have set Out Mode to Single, connect the required single wire output on the Purcell rear panel to the matching inputs on the DAC using suitable cables. Signals are available from any of the AES 1, AES 2, RCA or BNC outputs simultaneously.

dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Step 3 – Connecting the Digital Outputs

Choose one of the following three sections:

Connecting a Single AES or SPDIF Output do this:

do this:

DIGITAL OUT

WORD CLK IN

L

Hand Crafted by

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

R

16 bits

44.1kS/s

dCS Purcell Upsampler

	DIGITAL INPUTS		WORDCLOCK			DIGITAL OUTPUTS		OPTION	POWER
AES	RCA	ST	A	B	AES1	AES2	RCA		SUC
	PUSH
	BNC	TOSLINK	IN	OUT			BNC	1394
									1

24 bits

96kS/s

24/96 DAC

ANALOGUE OUTPUTS						DIGITAL INPUTS			DIGITAL OUT	POWER
L	R	L		AES1	AES2	RCA1	ST	BNC	REC	SUC
				PUSH		PUSH
		R				RCA2	TOSLINK	IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT		1394
										1
L	R		R	L

Balanced- or -Unbalanced

Outputs Outputs

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

Figure 1 – Upsampling to 24/96 single wire

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
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Connecting the Dual AES Outputs x

do this: Check that your DAC is capable of Dual AES operation.

do this: If you have set Out Mode to Dual AES, connect the AES 1 output on the Purcell rear panel to the AES 1 (or AES A) input on the DAC and the AES 2 output to the AES 2 (or AES B) input, using two XLR cables. Ensure the cables are not swapped.

DIGITAL OUT

WORD CLK IN

L

Hand Crafted by

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

R

16 bits

44.1kS/s

dCS Purcell Upsampler

	DIGITAL INPUTS		WORDCLOCK			DIGITAL OUTPUTS		OPTION	POWER
AES	RCA	ST	A	B	AES1	AES2	RCA		SUC
	PUSH
	BNC	TOSLINK	IN	OUT			BNC	1394
									1

24 bits
192kS/s	dCS Delius DAC

ANALOGUE OUTPUTS						DIGITAL INPUTS			DIGITAL OUT	POWER
L	R	L		AES1	AES2	RCA1	ST	BNC	REC	SUC
				PUSH		PUSH
		R				RCA2	TOSLINK	IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT		1394
										1
L	R		R	L

Balanced- or -Unbalanced

Outputs Outputs

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

Figure 2 – Upsampling to 24/192 Dual AES

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004
Connecting the 1394 Interface	x

Units fitted with an IEEE 1394 interface can output DSD data, which can be decoded by a 1394–equipped dCS Elgar plus or Delius DAC.

do this: Check that your DAC is capable of DSD operation over an IEEE 1394 link. Set the DAC to 1394 mode first.

do this: If you have set the output to DSD, connect ONE of the 1394 connectors on the Purcell rear panel to the DAC using the IEEE 1394 cable supplied.

do this: Also connect Purcell‘s Wordclock OUT to Wordclock In on the DAC. do this: Use the DAC’s Input button to select the 1394 input.

The 1394 interfaces will sync up, this may take 30 seconds. During this period, Purcell may display Active and Inactive messages, finally setting down to 44.→1→ DSD or similar.

The DAC may display Wait ..., followed by other messages before finally settling down to Purcell.

DIGITAL OUT

WORD CLK IN

L

Hand Crafted by

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

R

16 bits

44.1kS/s

dCS Purcell Upsampler

DIGITALINPUTS

WORDCLOCK

DIGITAL OUTPUTS

OPTION

POWER

AES

RCA

ST

A

B

AES1

AES2

RCA

SUC

PUSH

BNC

TOSLINK

IN

OUT

BNC

1394

1

44.1kHz

1394

Wordclock

dCS Elgar Plus DAC

L

R

OUTPUT

L

AES 1

AES 2

RCA1

A

ST

CH1

CH2

SUC

B

POWER

LEVEL

PUSH

PUSH

HIGH

R	RCA2	BNC	TOSLINK	DSD / SDIF	1394
LOW
				IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT	REC OUT

L R R L

Balanced - or - Unbalanced

Outputs Outputs

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

Figure 3 – Upsampling to DSD using an IEEE 1394 interface

IMPORTANT! Do not connect both of Purcell’s 1394 connectors to the DAC – this prevents the IEEE 1394 interfaces synchronising.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Step 4 – Reducing the Output Wordlength

If you are using Cloning or DSD output mode, or the output sample rate is set to 176.4 or 192 kS/s, the Output Wordlength cannot be changed so proceed to

Other Settings.

IMPORTANT! Purcell generates 24 bit data, regardless of the input word length. If your DAC cannot handle 24 bit data, the Output Wordlength MUST be set to match. Noise Shaping and / or Dither MUST be applied to smooth the transitions.

If the extra bits are just ignored, the audio outputs may sound grainy and unpleasant low level effects will result. For more information, see “Wordlength Reduction” on page 52.

do this: Check the maximum input wordlength specification in the manual for the DAC. You must set Purcell to match this.

do this: Open the Menu and press the Output button once so the display shows Out Word. Use the Select button to set this page to match the number of bits your DAC can handle.

do this: While the menu is still open, press the Output button again to scroll to the N.Shape page (Noise Shape). Use the Select button to set this to Auto.

do this: While the menu is still open, press the Output button again to scroll to the Dither page. If the Out Word setting is 16 or 18 bits, use the Select button to set this to N.Tri. Otherwise, set it to Off.

Other Settings

The basic set-up procedure is complete.

Many more features are available through the Function Menu. See the Function Menu section starting on page 20 for more information.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Using a 1394-Equipped Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus

This setup allows you to play SACDs and CDs through the 1394 interface, upsampling2 the CDs to DSD with the Purcell. The Elgar Plus is in Master Mode.

dCS Verdi SACD Transport

CAUTION: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE
LASER RADIATION. WHEN OPEN,			CLASS 1
			LASER PRODUCT
DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.

						CH1	CH2	SUC
AES 1	AES 2	AES 3	RCA	BNC	TOSLINK	ST
							SDIF	1394
						IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT
								1

XLR							BNC	1394	dCS Purcell Upsampler
cable							cable	cable
	DIGITALINPUTS			WORDCLOCK		DIGITALOUTPUTS		OPTION	POWER
AES	RCA	ST	A	B	AES1	AES2	RCA	SUC

PUSH

BNC	TOSLINK	IN	OUT	1394
				BNC

1

1394

cable dCS Elgar Plus DAC

L

R

OUTPUT

L

AES 1

AES 2

RCA1

A

ST

CH1

CH2

SUC

B

POWER

LEVEL

PUSH

PUSH

HIGH

R

RCA2

BNC

TOSLINK

LOW

L R		R L
XLR		RCA phono
cables		cables
Balanced	- or -	Unbalanced
Outputs		Outputs

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

DSD / SDIF	1394
IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT	REC OUT

Figure 4 - Using Elgar Plus in Master Mode with a 1394 Purcell and Verdi

do this: Connect up as shown above.

do this: Open Elgar Plus’ and Purcell’s menu and run the Factory routines.

do this: Purcell set-up: Use the Input button to select the AES 1 input. Use the Output button to select 44.→1→ DSD.

do this: Elgar Plus set-up: Use the Input button to select the 1394 input and wait for the

	unit to settle. Set the MS menu page to MS:Mastr and wait for the unit to settle
	again. Use the Input button to select either the SACD feed (Verdi) or the
	upsampled CD feed (Purcell). Use the Volume control to set a comfortable
	listening level. Open the menu again and choose a different Filter if you wish.
	Verdi v1.2x with Elgar Plus v4.2x will automatically select the active input.
2	Yes, we know it should have no effect.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Using a Standard Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus

This setup allows you to play SACDs through the 1394 interface and upsample the CDs to 24 bit / 176.4kS/s Dual AES with the Purcell. The Elgar Plus is in Master Mode.

dCS Verdi SACD Transport

CAUTION: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE
LASER RADIATION. WHEN OPEN,			CLASS 1
			LASER PRODUCT
DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.

						CH1	CH2	SUC
AES 1	AES 2	AES 3	RCA	BNC	TOSLINK	ST

SDIF

1394

IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT

1

XLR

BNC

1394

dCS Purcell Upsampler

cable

cable

cable

DIGITALINPUTS

WORDCLOCK

DIGITAL OUTPUTS

OPTION

POWER

AES

RCA

ST

A

B

AES1

AES2

RCA

SUC

PUSH

BNC

TOSLINK

IN

OUT

BNC

1394

1

XLR

dCS Elgar Plus DAC

cables

L

R

OUTPUT

L

AES 1

AES 2

RCA1

A

ST

CH1

CH2

SUC

B

POWER

LEVEL

PUSH

PUSH

HIGH

R	RCA2	BNC	TOSLINK	DSD / SDIF	1394

		LOW
			IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT	REC OUT
L	R	R	L
XLR			RCA phono
cables			cables

Balanced - or - Unbalanced

Outputs Outputs

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

Figure 5 - Using Elgar Plus in Master Mode with a standard Purcell and Verdi

do this:	Connect up as shown above.
do this:	Open Elgar Plus’ and Purcell’s menu and run the Factory routines.
do this:	Purcell set-up: Use the Input button to select the AES 1 input. Use the Output
do this:	button to select 44.→1→	176.
	Elgar Plus set-up: Use the Input button to select the 1394 input and wait for the
	unit to settle. Set the MS menu page to MS:Mastr and wait for the unit to settle
	again. Use the Input button to select the Dual AES input (AES1 + AES2) and
	wait for the unit to settle. Set the MS menu page to MS:Mastr and wait for the
	unit to settle again. Use the Input button to select either the 1394 input for
	SACD or the Dual AES input for upsampled CD.
do this:	Use the Volume control to set a comfortable listening level. Open the menu
	again and choose a different Filter if you wish.
	Verdi v1.2x with Elgar Plus v4.2x will automatically select the active input.
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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Upsampling to Dual AES, DAC in Slave Mode

You can upsample the digital output from any CD player, DAT recorder or DVD player to 24 bit / 192kS/s Dual AES.

DIGITAL OUT	L
	Hand Crafted by
	The Red Hot CD Player Co.
	R

RCA phono cable

dCS Purcell Upsampler

	DIGITALINPUTS			WORDCLOCK		DIGITAL OUTPUTS		OPTION	POWER
AES	RCA	ST	A	B	AES1	AES2	RCA		SUC
	PUSH
	BNC	TOSLINK	IN	OUT			BNC	1394
									1

							XLR				dCS Elgar Plus DAC
							cables
L	R	OUTPUT		L AES 1	AES 2	RCA1	A	ST CH1	CH2	SUC B	POWER
		LEVEL		PUSH	PUSH
		HIGH
				R		RCA2	BNC	TOSLINK	DSD / SDIF	1394
		LOW
								IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT		REC OUT
cablesXLR L				RCA phono
	R		R	L	cables
Balanced - or -			Unbalanced
Outputs			Outputs

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

Figure 6 – Upsampling to Dual AES

do this: Connect up as shown in Figure 6.

Purcell setup:

do this: You can connect any of Purcell’s digital inputs to the CD player - use Purcell’s Input button to select it. Open the menu and run the Factory routine. Use the Output button to set the 44.→1→ 192 conversion.

Elgar plus setup:

do this: Open the menu and run the Factory routine. Use the Input button to select AES 1 AND AES 2 inputs. Open the menu again, choose a Filter if you wish. Use the Volume control to set a comfortable listening level.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

THE SOFTWARE – THE MENU

Press "Function Step >" to move along the Menu, press "< Function Step" to move back.

Press "Function Select" to set a menu option or change options.

Menu

Filter x

Transmit

1394 ID

Out Word

N.Shape

First page of the

Selects an optional

Turns off 1394 data

Sets the 1394

Sets the output

Sets the Noise

feed (DSD mode

source identifying

Shaping order (Out

Menu

filter if available

wordlength

only)

number

Word < 24 bits)

Filter 1

Active

0 … 8

24 bits

Off

Filter 2

Inactive

22 bits

1st

....

20 bits

3rd

Filter n

18 bits

9th

Auto

Disp:

In Word

Clone

Out Mode

WClock

Dither

Sets the default

Displays the

Allows bit-for-bit

Slaves to

number of active

operation if Fs In =

Selects the format

Wordclock In if it is

Sets the Dither type

display

bits in the input

Fs Out (e.g. for

of the data outputs

present

(needs music)

HDCD)

Disp:In

?? Bits

NonClone

Single

WClk:Off

Off

Disp:Out

Cloning

Dual AES

WClk:In

Top hat

Disp:I+O

Triangle

N.Tri

Bright x

De-Emph

TimeOut

Ch.Check

Ph.Check

Burn In

Sets the display

Processes the

Sets the Function

Outputs tone on L

Outputs noise on

Outputs modulated

Emphasis flags in

Menu time-out

channel only then R

both channels then

pink noise to burn-

brightness

the incoming data

delay

channel only

inverts R

in your system

CAUTION! LOUD!

Bright 7

Strip

Normal

....

PassThru

Long

Bright 0

Handle

Factory

CDUpdate

Contact

Serial

Issue

Test

Restores standard

Starts software

Displays dCS email

Displays the unit

Displays the

Runs a display test

update from a dCS

software version

factory settings

address

full serial number

routine

CD

number

PUR-?-?-?-?-?

2.2x

Db 2.06

End

= feature is not available in DSD mode

Closes the Function

Menu

Figure 7 – Menu flow chart

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Using the Function Menu

The Function Menu gives the user access to a wide range of additional features. It also allows new features and performance enhancements to be added at a later date by software upgrades.

Opening the Menu

The Function Menu is controlled by three buttons:

•the Function button opens the menu and doubles as the Select button.

•the Step→ → button pages forward through the Menu – referred to in the text as the Step button.

•the← ← Step button pages backward through the Menu – referred to in the text as the Step Back button.

If you have a dCS Remote Control, you can use this to access the menu:

•the Function button opens the Menu and doubles as the Select button.

• the↑↑ button pages forward through the Menu - the Step button.

•the↓↓ button pages backward through the Menu - the Step Back button.

•to control an Upsampler instead of a DAC, first press the Purcell button to turn the blue LED on.

When you first open the Function Menu, the display will show Menu.

Successive presses of the Step button page through the Menu. You cannot go directly to any particular page, but must enter at the top of the Menu and then page through until you reach the page you want.

Types of Menu Page

There are three types of page in the Menu - Parameter Pages, Information Pages and Test Pages.

Parameter pages allow the user to check and also change the current settings of the operating parameters, for example Filter. When a parameter page is displayed, the first press of the Select button shows the current setting. Subsequent presses of the Select button change the page setting.

Information pages display information about the unit, for example Software Issue. When an information page is displayed, pressing the Select button displays the information held on that page.

Test pages allow the user to initiate a number of useful routines, for example Channel Check. When a Test page is displayed, pressing the Select button starts the test routine.

Closing the Menu

There are two ways to close the menu and return to normal operation. The easiest way is to wait 5 seconds for the unit to time-out and revert to the standard display. Alternatively, use the Step button to page forward until the display shows End and then press the Select button once.

If the unit times out before the operation in hand has been completed, simply reenter the menu, page forward (or backward) and continue where you left off. If you find the 5 second time-out difficult to use, you can extend it to 30 seconds by changing the TimeOut setting to Long.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

Menu Sequence

Use the flow chart (page 20) or the Control Summary sheet to guide you through the Menu more quickly.

The following explanation deals with the Function Menu pages in the sequence they occur in the Menu3. The use of each page is shown on an individual basis, with the last operation being closing the Menu. After you have become more familiar with the Menu, you will find it more convenient to perform all the Function Menu operations in one go before finally closing the Menu.

Filter - Interpolation Filter Setting

	The Filter page is only available when Purcell is set to one of the following
	conversions: 44.1→ 96, 48→ 44.1, 96→ 44.1 or 96→ 48kS/s. When other
	conversions are set, this page will not appear in the Menu.
do this:	Assume for the purpose of this illustration that the Filter is currently set to
	Filter 1. Open the Function Menu and step through until the display shows
do this:	Filter 1.
	Press the	Select	button slowly several times. The display will in turn show:
	Filter 2, Filter 3, … and finally Filter 1 again.
	There is a slight delay whilst the unit changes filter, during which it will not
	respond to further button presses. Selecting the most appropriate filter is simply
	a matter of flipping through the options as you play a CD and choosing the one
	that you think sounds best. Try listening for changes in imaging, ambience and
	low level information, bass definition and vocal clarity.
do this:	Select the filter you prefer then wait for the Function Menu to time-out and the
	display to revert to its normal mode.

Transmit – Activating the 1394 Outputs

At present, the IEEE 1394 interface supports up to eight active DSD sources at any time. If more are connected to the bus, no more than eight may be active. This situation will improve as industry standards stabilise. The Transmit page allows Purcell to be left in DSD/SACD output mode but with the 1394 interface inactive. With most set-ups, you will not have to worry about this setting.

do this: Set up the unit in DSD/SACD mode, with the 1394 interface connected to at least one other unit.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Transmit. do this: Press the Select button to flip between Active and Inactive.

do this: When you have the option you want, wait for the Menu to time-out and the display to revert to its normal mode.

3A minor software update may change the order of the menu items or add an option. If this happens, the Control Summary sheet may be updated before the manual.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

1394 ID – 1394 Source Identification

This page sets a number between 1 and 8 to identify each Purcell you have connected to the 1394 system.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows 1394ID:x, where x is a number between 0 and 8.

do this: Press the Select button repeatedly, allowing the unit to settle for a few seconds each time. The display cycles through 1394ID:0, 1394ID:1, ......., 1394ID:7,

1394ID:8, and back to 1394ID:0.

If you set 1394ID:2 for example, when the DAC is selected to this Purcell, it will display Purcell 2. You can set any other Purcells connected to the 1394 system to a different number. If you set 1394ID:0, the DAC displays Purcell, without a number.

Out Word – Output Wordlength

	The Output Wordlength should be set to match the maximum wordlength that
	the DAC you are using can accept. If you are not sure what this is, please
	consult the manufacturer or your dealer. For the dCS Elgar Plus or Delius, this is
	24 bits. Purcell will work best with DACs that can accept 24 bits. Note that for
	176.4 or 192kS/s output sample rates, this setting cannot be changed – 24 bits
	output wordlength is selected automatically.
do this:	Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Out Word.
do this:	Press the	Select		button once.
	Assuming for this example that the current Out Word setting is 24 bits, the
	display will change to Out :24.
do this:	Press the				button slowly five times and the display will show in turn:
			Select
do this:	Out :22, Out :20,				Out :18, Out :16 and finally Out :24.
	Choose the setting that matches your DAC.
	The unit stores two wordlength settings: - the last one used when upsampling
	and the last one used when downsampling. These settings are automatically
	applied when you change between upsampling and downsampling to help avoid
	mistakes.
IMPORTANT!	If Out Word is set to less than 24 bits, the 24bit indicator in the status
	indicator block will turn off. This warns that you need to set Purcell to apply
	some Noise Shaping and / or Dither to smooth out the response.

Use Table 1 below to determine the appropriate Noise Shaping and Dither settings for the Output Wordlength that you have selected.

Out Word		N.Shape		Dither
24 bits	→	Auto	&	Off
22 bits	→	1st or 3rd	/	Triangle
20 bits	→	1st or 3rd	/	Triangle
18 bits	→	3rd or 9th	&	N.Tri
16 bits	→	9th	&	N.Tri

Table 1 – Recommended Output Wordlength, Noise Shaping and Dither Settings For more information, please see “Wordlength Reduction” on page 52.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

N.Shape – Noise Shaping

The unit can be used to noise shape signals where the wordlength is being truncated (set to less than 24 bits).

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows N.Shape. do this: Press the Select button once.

Assuming for this example that Noise Shaping is currently switched off, the display will change to Off.

do this: Press the Select button slowly five times. The display will show in turn: 1st, 3rd, 9th, Auto and finally Off.

do this: Choose the setting you want and wait for the Menu to time-out.

The NS indicator in the status indicator block lights when Noise Shaping is set to 1st, 3rd or 9th. It also lights when Noise Shaping is set to Auto with Out Word set to less than 24 bits.

In Auto mode, Noise Shaping is applied as follows:

Out Word	N.Shape
23 – 24 bits	Off
21 – 22 bits	1st
17 – 20 bits	3rd
16 bits	9th

Table 2 – Auto Noise Shaping settings

It is generally best to leave Noise Shaping set to Auto as this will always give a sensible setting. Otherwise, consult Table 1 for the appropriate setting.

For more information about Noise Shaping, please see “Wordlength Reduction” on page 52. Note that for 176.4 or 192kS/s output sample rates, the Out Word setting cannot be changed from 24 bits, so Noise Shaping is disabled.

Dither

The unit can add Dither to the signal if necessary – and has several dither options. We recommend you only add Dither if it is really necessary – it inevitably degrades the noise performance of the system.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Dither.

Assuming for this example that Dither is currently switched off, the display will change to Off.

do this: Press the Select button slowly four times.

The display will show in turn the dither types available: Top Hat, Triangle, N.Tri (Noise Shaped Triangle) and finally Off.

do this: If the DAC you are using will accept 24 bit input data, set Dither to Off. Otherwise, consult Table 1 for the appropriate setting. Choose the setting you want and wait for the Menu to time-out.

For more information about Dither, please see “Wordlength Reduction” on page 52. Note that for 176.4 or 192kS/s output sample rates, this setting cannot be

changed - Off is selected automatically.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

WClk - Wordclock

This setting allows Purcell to be synchronised to a Wordclock connected to the Wordclock In socket while taking data from the selected digital input. This helps reduce jitter. The Wordclock may be generated either by a master clock or by the source equipment.

IMPORTANT! The source equipment MUST also be synchronised to the Wordclock.

do this: Select the input you want to synchronise to the Wordclock using the Input button.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows WClk:Off or WClk: In. do this: Press the Select button to switch between these two options.

do this: When you have the option you want, wait for the Menu to time-out and the display to revert to its normal mode.

Set to WClk:Off, Purcell ignores clock signals on the Wordclock In socket.

Set to WClk: In, Purcell remains locked to the selected input. If a Wordclock is connected to the Wordclock In socket, Purcell automatically slaves to it. If the Wordclock is not at a standard frequency, is out of capture range or is a “superclock”, the unit will display Locking…, Fs=??? for 1 minute, then Revert to Slave for 10 seconds and reset itself to WClk:Off.

This menu must be set separately for each selected input, allowing you to synchronise some of your source equipment (for example a CD player running at 44.1kS/s connected to the RCA input) to a 44.1kS/s master clock, while synchronising equipment running at other sample rates (for example a DVD player running at 48kS/s connected to the BNC input) to the data stream instead.

Out Mode - Output Mode

This menu page allows the AES output data to be formatted in one of two ways:

Single	Use this mode if your DAC will not accept Dual
	AES or DSD. In Single wire mode, PCM data is
	available from all of the AES 1, AES 2, RCA and
	BNC outputs at sample rates up to 96kS/s.
Dual AES	Use this mode if your DAC will accept Dual AES.
	This setting disappears if the output sample rate is
	less than 88.2kS/s or set to DSD. If the output
	sample rate is 88.2 or 96kS/s, setting Dual AES
	mode formats the data as two 44.1 or 48kS/s data
	streams on the AES 1 and AES 2 outputs. Dual
	AES mode is automatically selected if the output
	sample rate is 176.4 or 192kS/s. The DUAL
	indicator in the Input Indicator block lights when
	Dual AES is selected. Do not use the RCA, BNC
	or 1394 outputs in this mode.
Setting the Output Mode	x

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Out Mode.

do this: Press the Select button. Assuming for the purpose of this illustration the Output Mode is set to Single and the input sample rate is 96kS/s, the display will change to Single.

do this: Press the Select button slowly twice.

The display will cycle through Dual AES and Single.

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dCS Purcell User Manual	Manual for Software Issue 2.2x
dCS Ltd	September 2004

do this: Set the required mode. Wait for the Menu to time-out and the display to revert to its normal mode.

IMPORTANT! When the Output Mode is set to Dual AES, the data output from the RCA, BNC and 1394 digital outputs is not valid and should not be used.

Cloning – Bit-for-Bit Mode

When in Cloning Mode, Purcell passes through the input data bit-for-bit with no changes. This allows HDCD coded data to pass through unchanged and be decoded by your DAC. Dither, Noise Shaping and Wordlength truncation are disabled when Cloning. Cloning mode is only possible if the input and output sample rates are the same, as any digital processing changes the data. Cloning is disabled and the Cloning page disappears from the Menu if either sample rate is changed so they no longer match. If the sample rates are changed so that they match again, the Cloning page reappears, set as before.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows NonClone or Cloning. do this: Press the Select button to switch between these two options. When you have the option you want, wait for the Menu to time-out and the display to revert to its

normal mode.

In Word – Displaying the Input Wordlength

This feature allows the user to confirm the number of active bits in the input signal. For this function to operate, the unit must be locked to a digital source that is carrying PCM audio data (i.e. music or speech), otherwise 0 bits is displayed.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows In Word.

do this: Press the Select button once. Assuming for the purpose of this illustration that Purcell is locked to a source with 16 active bits in the input signal, the display will change to 16 bits.

do this: Wait for the Menu to time-out.

Disp - Default Display

This feature allows you to choose what Purcell displays when music is playing.

do this: Open the Function Menu and step through until you come to the Disp page. Press the Select button repeatedly and the display will cycle through the following :

Disp:In The display reverts to input sample rate after time-out (e.g. 44.1kS/s).

Disp:Out The display reverts to output sample rate after time-out (e.g. 192kS/s).

Disp:I+O The display reverts to both input and output sample rates after time-out. The input sample rate is shown on the left of the display and the output sample rate is shown on the right of the display (e.g. 44→1→ 192). Decimal figures are displayed in a smaller font size.

do this: Choose whichever you prefer and wait for time-out.

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