DCS (AUDIO) PURCELL User Manual

dCS Purcel

Digital to Digital Converter

User Manual

Software Release 2.2x

September 2004

All rights reserv ed. No part of this pub lication may be rep roduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieva l system, or transm itted in any form , or by any means (electronic, m echanical, photoco pying, recording or other wise) without the prior written permission of dCS relation to this publicat ion may be liabl e to crimina l prosecution an d civil claim s for damages.

. Any person who does any unauthorised act in

Information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice, and whilst it is checked for accuracy, no liabilities can be accepted for errors.

dCS is Data Conversion Systems Ltd. Company registered in England No. 2072115.

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 2 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Developed from our highly successful and acclaimed dCS 972 professional DDC, the dCS Purcell is the first high precision Digital to Digital Converter (DDC) designed specific ally for audiophile use . It is used to increase t he sample rate and/or wordlength of the o utp ut f r om domestic linear PCM digital audio s our ces , such as CD and DVD pla yers, up to a m aximum sample rate of 192kS/s and a maximum wordlength of 24 bits. T his is ach ieved usin g extrem ely powerf ul and accurate digital interpolation filters, which introduce negligible levels of distortion.

When decoded by an appropr iate DAC, the upsampled sig nal from the Purcell shows improved dynam ics, more dimensional stereo imaging in ter ms of both width and depth, more acc urate bass , better reso lutio n of f ine deta il and a m ore relaxed and natura l presentation. In this contex t an "appropriate DAC", m eans one that can accept sample rates of up to 9 6kS/s and input word leng ths of at least 20 bits and pr eferably 24 b its. The great est im provement will be achieved when using the dCS Elgar Plus 24/192-DSD DAC. The Elgar Plus, because of its proprietary d CS Ring DAC tec hnology, has the finest linearity of any c onsumer DAC currently available and is able to accept input sample rates up to 192kS/s.

The most comm on use for the Purcell is to upsample the 16 bit 4 4.1kS/s di gital output from a CD transport or pla yer to either 24 bit 96kS/s, 24 bit 192kS/s or DSD. We have carried out listening tests with the dCS Elgar Plus 24/192-DSD DAC using CDs manufactured from 24/96 digital masters and have fou nd that upsampling reveals information that is pr esent in the master source, but which is not audible when the CD is played back normally. Upsampling cannot increase the am ount of inf orm ation in a signa l and t he exac t m echanism behind the perceived sonic improvements is currently not entirely clear. We are continuing our research into this subject.

Units fitted with the I EEE 1394 inter face can ups ample the s ource data to DSD format (a single bit data stream, sampled at 2.822MS /s), for conversion to extra wide-band audio by a dCS Elgar Plus or Delius DAC.

Purcell uses the same digital process ing eng ine run ning the same DSP code as the dCS 972 / 974 and they are sonically identical. The extensive use of programmable logic makes the Purcell extremely flexible and eas y to upgrade.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 3 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

HENRY PURCELL (1659-1695)

The dCS Purcell is named after the 17th century English com poser, organist, bass and countertenor, Henry Purcell. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the baroque period and som e even regard him as the most gifted English musician and composer of all time. During his short 35 years, he composed in every musical genre of the period.

Born in London, he was a child prodigy and began wr iting music at the age of eight. He started his career as a boy chorister at the Chapel Royal.

In 1673 he became an unpaid apprentice to John Hingeston, Keeper of the Royal Instrument where he acquired considerable experience in tuning the organ at Westminster Abbey. He was able to provide himself with an income during his apprenticeship by copying books of organ parts.

In 1677, Purcell was appointed composer-in-ordinary for Charles II's string ensemble and then two years later, took over from his mentor John Blow as principal organist f or W estminster Abbe y. This post en titled him to a salar y and also provided a house.

At the age of 21 he wrote his first W elcome Song for Charles II, and also his first music for the theatre. Purcell was exceptionall y skilled in the way that he set a libretto to music, particularly in fitting phrases of varying and uneven length. A good exam ple is Dido's f inal lament, W hen I am Laid in Earth. Also about this time he b egan to produce a wide range of music for the chur ch. It is no understatement to s ay that for sheer beauty and intensit y of emotion, his sacred music has few peers.

In 1682 he succeeded Edward Lowe as organis t of the Chapel R o yal, a pos ition which also entailed him being a s inger i n the c hoir. T he f ollowin g year he wrote one of his best known sacred pieces, an Ode for St. Cecelia's Day.

After the death of J ohn Hingeston in 1 688, Purcell was appointed or gan maker and Keeper of the Royal Instruments.

His greatest achievement was th e opera Dido and Aeneus, which was written in 1689 for perf ormance "by Yo ung Gentlewomen" at Jos ia Priest's boardingschool at Chelsea i n Lo ndon . It is the earlies t Eng lish opera sti ll to be reg ul arl y performed. His later works for the theatre, Dioclesian, King Arthur, The Fairy Queen, The Indian Queen and The Tempest, whilst containing excellent music, sadly do not lend themselves to performance apart from the plays for which they were written.

Not much is known about his final years although he undoubtedly remained active as a composer. The last Royal occasion he provided music for was Queen Mary's funeral in 1694. He died the following year and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Although Purcell's geni us spanned ev ery mus ical genre of the p eriod , he is b est remembered for his Opera Dido and Aeneus and his choral m usic, partic ularly his Te Deum, Jubilate and Sound the Trumpet, all of whic h are still regul arly performed.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 4 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Some of Purcell's music may be found on the following recordings.

• Complete Anthems and Services Vol. 1 - Hyperion CDA66585 Choir Of New College, Oxford

• Complete Anthems and Services Vol. 2 - Hyperion CDA66609 Choir Of New College, Oxford

• Dido and Aeneas (opera) - Chandos Chaconne CHAN0521 Andrew Parrott/Taverner Players & Taverner Choir

• 15 Fantasias - EMI CDM7630662 London Baroque

• 7 Sonatas a 3 & Pavans - Chandos CHAN8591 Purcell Quartet

• 5 Sonatas a 3, 2 Sonatas a 4, Pavans & Fantasias - Chandos CHAN8663 Purcell Quartet

• 8 Sonatas a 4 & Voluntaries - Chandos CHAN8763 Purcell Quartet

• 12 Sonatas a 3 - Harmonia Mundi HMC901439 London Baroque

• 10 Sonatas a 4 - Harmonia Mundi HMC901438 London Baroque

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 5 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

CONTENTS

Product Overview..............................................................................................3

Henry Purcell (1659-1695).................................................................................4

Contents.............................................................................................................6

About this Manual 9

What does the coloured text mean? 9 About Sample Rates x 9

Step-by-Step Guide .........................................................................................10

Preliminaries 10 Step 1 – Selecting a Digital Input 11

Connecting to a Single AES or SPDIF source 11

Step 2 - Setting the Output Sample Rate 11

Sample Rate Conversion x 11 Bit-for Bit Operation x 11 Setting the Output mode x 11

Step 3 – Connecting the Digital Outputs 12

Connecting a Single AES or SPDIF Output 12 Connecting the Dual AES Outputs x 13 Connecting the 1394 Interface x 14

Step 4 – Reducing the Output Wordlength 15 Other Settings 15

Typical Applications........................................................................................16

Using a 1394-Equipped Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus 16 Using a Standard Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus 17 Upsampling to Dual AES, DAC in Slave Mode 18

The Software – The Menu...............................................................................20

Using the Function Menu 21

Opening the Menu 21 Types of Menu Page 21 Closing the Menu 21

Menu Sequence 22

Filter - Interpolation Filter Setting 22 Transmit – Activating the 1394 Outputs 22 1394 ID – 1394 Source Identification 23 Out Word – Output Wordlength 23 N.Shape – Noise Shaping 24 Dither 24 WClk - Wordclock 25 Out Mode - Output Mode 25

Setting the Output Mode x 25

Cloning – Bit-for-Bit Mode 26 In Word – Displaying the Input Wordlength 26 Disp - Default Display 26 Bright x - Display Brightness 27 De-Emph - Emphasis Processing 27 TimeOut – Menu Time Out Setting 27 Ch.Check - Channel Check Test 28 Ph.Check - Phase Check Test 28 Burn In - Burn-In Signal Generation 29 Test - Display Test 29 Issue – Software Issue State 30 Temp – Unit Internal Temperature 30 Serial – Unit Serial Number 30 Contact - Contact information 30 CDUpdate – Software Update By CD 31 Factory – Restoring Factory Defaults 33

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 6 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

The Hardware – Controls and Connectors ...................................................34

Front Panel 34

Key to Front Panel 34

Power Button x 34 Input Button ( Output Button (

Status Indicator x 35

Remote Control Sensor x 35

Main Display x 35

Input / Mode Indicator x 36

Function Button (

Rear Panel 37

Key to Rear Panel 37 AES/EBU Digital Input 37 SPDIF Digital Inputs 37 SPDIF Optical Input 38 Wordclock Digital Input / Output 38 AES/EBU Digital Outputs 38 SPDIF Digital Output 38

1394 Interface 39 Power Link 39 SUC 39

Power switch 39 IEC Power Inlet 39 Mains Fuse 39 Additional Information 40

Remote Control 41

Purcell button and LED 41 Standby button 42 Function button 42 Input Selector buttons 42 Filter button 42 Display button 42

Up / Down (

↑ / ↓) buttons 42

Step Back)34 Step)35

Select)36

Purcell Technical Information .........................................................................44

Digital Interface Specifications 44 Sample Rates 45 Frequency Response – DDC mode 45 Spurious Free Dynamic Range – DDC mode 46 Sample Rate Combinations and Filter Options 47 Clocking 47

Synchronising to source x 47

Power requirements 48 Size and Weight 48

Operating Conditions 48 Noise Shaping 49 Dither 50 Message Handling 51

AES outputs 51

SPDIF outputs 51

General Technical Information.......................................................................52

Wordlength Reduction 52

What does it look like? x 54

IEEE 1394 Overview 56

Synchronising IEEE 1394 interfaces 56

Automatic Input Selection 56 dCS IR Remote Control Codes 58

Upsampler 58

DACs 59

Transports 60

Using your dCS Purcell for the first time ........................................................62

What’s in the Box? 62 Safety Notice 62 Mains Voltage Setting 63

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 7 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Positioning the Unit 63

Options.............................................................................................................64

IEEE 1394 Interface 64 IR Remote Control 64 Mains Supply Voltage 64 Having Your Options Changed 64

Maintenance and Support...............................................................................66

Service & Maintenance 66

Obtaining Service 66 Mains Fuse 66

Replacing a Blown Fuse x 66

Fitting or Replacing the Batteries in the Remote Control 67

Opening the battery compartment and removing batteries 67

Fitting new batteries and closing the case 67 Updating your Purcell 68

Software Updates x 68

Hardware Updates x 68

Safety and Electrical Safety 69 Cleaning the Case 69

Troubleshooting ..............................................................................................70

Fault Indication 70

Power interruption 70

Power up test errors 70 Troubleshooting Guide 71

The unit fails to power up 71

The DAC suddenly mutes, Purcell repeats its’ power-up sequence 71

The unit fails to lock to a digital audio source or displays “No Input” 71

The display continuously shows “Locking”71

The unit locks but no signal is received 71

Using a master clock, ticks and noises are heard on the outputs 71

Erratic operation when locked to 96 or 88.2kS/s on Toslink or ST inputs 72

The DAC locks but noise is received 72

The DAC fails to lock to Purcell's output at 88.2 or 96kS/s 72

The Remote Control fails to control the unit 72

Output audio quality is poor 73

The DAC connected to the AES or SPDIF outputs reports an error 73

When playing a DVD, a short burst of noise is heard and the sample rates

change 73

The DAC fails to lock to Purcell's output at 176.4 or 192kS/s 73

The DAC output is monophonic 73

The stereo image is poor or out of position 73

Channel Check, Phase Check and Burn-In do not work 74

Cannot Set Wordlength, Dither or Noise Shaping 74

Menu Timeout does not work 74

The Display turns on briefly when a control is operated, then turns off 74 Troubleshooting the IEEE 1394 Interface 75

Upsampler or Transport displays “Inactive”75

The Unit keeps displaying “No Comms” 75

The Unit keeps displaying “Search..” 75

The DAC displays “Verdi Wordclo ck Missing” 75

The DAC displays “Missing Wordclock between Clk Out & Verdi Clk In” 75

The DAC displays “Please check source slaved to DAC Wordclock Out” 75

The DAC displays “Wrong Wordclock @ Verdi Clk In” 75

The DAC remains muted 76

The DAC takes a long time to unmute 76

If You Need More Help ....................................................................................77

Other Information 77

Indexes and Software Version Numbers........................................................78

Software History 78 Definitions and Abbreviations 79 Key to Cable Identification 80 List of Tables 81

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 8 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

List of Figures 81 Keywords and Phrases 82

About this Manual

If you have not used a Purcell before, please read the section “Us ing your dCS Purcell for the first time” on page 62.

This manual has be en arranged with t he most comm only used s ections plac ed first:

• table of contents (page 6)

• step-by-step (page 10) and applications guides (page 16)

• detailed software and hardware infor mation (page 20)

• technical information (page 44)

• information for first time users (page 62)

• options, maintenance and troubleshooting (page 64)

• index section (page 78)

What does the coloured text mean?

If you are reading a colour print or a soft copy of this manual, you will notice that some types of text are in colour:

• Brown text in bold is a reference to another section or page. Sometimes, if you are reading a soft copy of the m anual, page numbers are h yperlinks – click on them and you will go there.

• Blue text is used for controls and connectors, described in the hardware section.

White text in bold on black is used for alternat ive control functions , such

• as menu operation.

• Pink text is a menu page or setting.

• Green text in bold shows what appears on the display.

• Purple text in bold is used for indicators.

IMPORTANT! Important information is presented like th is - ignoring this may cause yo u to

damage the unit, or invalidate the warranty.

The manual is designed to be helpful. If there are points you feel we could cover better, or that we have missed out - please tell us.

About Sample Rates x

All references to sample rates in this manual use the unit kS/s (kilo Samples per second) rather than the technically incorrect kHz.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 9 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE

This section guides you t hroug h s ett ing up the unit for basic o per at io n. You may find this useful if you have not used the Purcell for a while.

Preliminaries

The Control Summary sheet details the menu struc ture and out lines th e use of the front panel contr ols. For more information, see the Function Menu section on page 20.

For digital interfaces, use with cables designed for digital audio:

• for AES/EBU interf aces use 110Ω screened, twis ted pair cables fitted with one male XLR connector and one female XLR connector.

• for SDIF, W ordclock or SPDIF BNC interfac es, use 75Ω coax cables fitte d with BNC plugs.

• for SPDIF RCA interfaces, use 75Ω coax cables fitted with RCA Phono plugs.

• for TOSLINK optical interfaces, use Toslink fibre-optic cables.

• for IEEE 1394 interfaces, use the IEEE 139 4 cable pr ovided with the unit.

do this: Connect the power cable supplied to the Power inlet on the Purcell rear panel,

plug the other end into a convenient power outlet.

IMPORTANT! Please do not use an excessively thick power cable as this may damage the

power inlet connector.

do this: Press the Power button and wait about 30 seconds while Purcell configures

itself. The display will show in sequence: Purcell, Testing ... and No Input.

If the unit is likely to be set in an unfamiliar state, you can reset it as follows:

do this: Press the Function button once, then press the Input button so the display

shows Factory. Press the The PWR, 24bit, NS and one of the input indic ators wil l be lit.

Select button and wait while the unit rebo ots.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 10 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Step 1 – Selecting a Digital Input

do this: Switch on the source equipment. If appropriate, load a disk / tape a nd set the

machine in PLAY mode to ensure it is generating a digital audio data stream.

Connecting to a Single AES or SPDIF source

Most source equipment (such as CD transports, DVD players) is fitted with a single wire digital output, usually on an RCA phono connector.

do this: Connect your source equipment to the m atching in put on the Purcell rear panel

using a suitable cable.

do this: Press the Input button repeatedly until your chosen input is displayed on the

input indicator, to the right of the display. This will be either AES , R C A, T O S or

BNC.

The unit will lock to the source, displaying in sequence Locking, d xxx (the sample rate) then the default d isplay (probably 44.1→→→→44.1, depending on the

Disp menu setting and the source format).

Step 2 - Setting the Output Sample Rate

do this: Choose one of the following sections:

Sample Rate Conversion x

do this: To change the Output Sample Rate, press the Output button repeatedly to

cycle through the available c onversions. Choose a sample rate to match your DAC (usually the highest sample rate your DAC will handle).

do this: DSD is available on units fitted with the optional IEEE 1394 interface.

NonClone must be set. DSD data will be available f rom the 1394 outputs. Do

not use the other outputs.

Bit-for Bit Operation x

do this: If you need bit-for-bit operation (for example to pass through HDCD data

unchanged), you must first use the Output button to set the Output Sample Rate to be the same as the Input sample Rate (for example 44.1→→→→44.1).

do this: Press the Function button once to open the menu, then press the Output

button repeatedl y until the displa y shows NonClone or Cloning. If necessary, use the

Setting the Output mode x

do this: This setting determines whether conversions to 88.2 or 96kS/s are output as

Single AES or Dual AES. Open the Menu and press the Output button repeatedly until Out Mode is dis played. Select the mode you want:

• Single

• Dual AES

Select button to set this to Cloning.

Single. The Output Sample Rate must not be higher than 96kS/s. Single

SingleSingle

wire data will be available on all of the AES 1, AES 2, RCA and BNC outputs.

Dual AES. The Output Sample Rat e must be 88.2, 96, 176.4 or 192k S/s.

Dual AESDual AES

Dual AES data will be available on the AES 1 / AES 2 output pair. Do not use the other outputs.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 11 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Step 3 – Connecting the Digital Outputs

Choose one of the following three sections:

Connecting a Single AES or SPDIF Output

do this: If the Output Sample Rate is 88.2 or 96kS/s, check that your DAC is capa ble of

double speed operation.

do this: If you have set Out Mode to Single, connect the required single wire outpu t on

the Purcell rear pan el to the m atching inputs on the DAC using su itable c ables. Signals are available from any of the AES 1, AES 2, RCA or BNC outputs simultaneously.

DIGITAL OUT

WORD CLK IN

16 bits

44.1kS/s

DIGITAL INPUTS DIGITAL OUTPUTS POWER

RCA

AES RCA

PUSH

ANALOGUE OUTPUTS DIGITAL INPUTS POWER

L R

Balanced

Outputs

ST A B

BNC

TOSLINK

R RCA2

R L

Unbalanced

- or -

WORDCLOCK

AES1 AES2

PUSH

Outputs

OUT

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

PUSH

Hand Crafted by

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

AES1 AES2

24 bits 96kS/s

RCA1

TOSLINK

BNC

IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT

DIGITAL OUT

REC

OPTION

1394

dCS Purcell Upsampler

SUC

1394

24/96 DAC

SUC

Figure 1 – Upsampling to 24/96 single wire

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 12 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Connecting the Dual AES Outputs x

do this: Check that your DAC is capable of Dual AES operation. do this: If you have set Out Mode to Dual AES, connect the AES 1 output on the

Purcell rear panel to the AES 1 (or AES A) input on the DAC and the AES 2 output to the AES 2 (or AES B) in put, using t wo XLR cab les. Ens ure the ca bles are not swapped.

DIGITAL OUT

WORD CLK IN

16 bits

44.1kS/s

DIGITAL INPUTS DIGITAL OUTPUTS POWER

RCA

AES RCA

PUSH

ANALOGUE OUTPUTS DIGITAL INPUTS POWER

L R

Balanced

Outputs

ST A B

BNC

TOSLINK

R RCA2

R L

Unbalanced

- or -

WORDCLOCK

AES1 AES2

PUSH

Outputs

OUT

To Power Amplifier or Preamplifier

PUSH

Hand Crafted by

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

AES1 AES2

24 bits

192kS/s

RCA1

TOSLINK

BNC

IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT

DIGITAL OUT

REC

OPTION

1394

dCS Purcell Upsampler

SUC

1394

dCS Delius DAC

SUC

Figure 2 – Upsampling to 24/192 Dual AES

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 13 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Connecting the 1394 Interface x

Units fitted with an IEEE 1394 interface can output DSD data, which can be decoded by a 1394–equipped dCS Elgar plus or Delius DAC.

do this: Check that your DAC is capable of DSD operatio n over an IEEE 1 394 link. Set

the DAC to 1394 mode first.

do this: If you have set the output to DSD, connect ONE of the 1394 conn ectors on the

Purcell rear panel to the DAC using the IEEE 1394 cable supplied.

do this: Also connect Purcell‘s Wordclock OUT to Wordclock In on the DAC. do this: Use the DAC’s Input button to select the 1394 in put.

The 1394 interfaces will sync up, this m ay take 30 seconds . During this period , Purcell may display Active and Inactive messages, finally setting down to

44.1→→→→DSD or similar.

The DAC may display Wait ..., followed by other messages before finally settling down to Purcell.

DIGITAL OU T

WORD CLK IN

16 bits

44.1kS /s

DIGITAL IN PUTS DIGITAL OUTP UTS POWER

RCA

AES RCA

PUSH

LROUTPUT

Balanced

Outputs

- or -

BNC

TOSLINK

LRAES 1 AES 2 RCA1 ST

LEVEL

HIGH

LOW

PUSH PUSH

Unbalanced

Outputs

To Powe r Amp li fie r o r Prea m plifier

WORDCLOCK

OUT

Wordclock

AES1 AES2

44.1kHz

Hand Crafted by

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

BNC

CH1

TOSLINKRCA2

IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT

DSD / SDIF

OPTION

SUC

1394

dCS E lgar P lus D A C

SUC

dCS P u r ce ll U p sa mpler

CH2

1394

POWER

REC OUT

Figure 3 – Upsampling to DSD using an IEEE 1394 interface

IMPORTANT! Do not connect both of Purcell’s 1394 connectors to the DAC – this prevents

the IEEE 1394 interfaces synchronising.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 14 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Step 4 – Reducing the Output Wordlength

If you are using Cloning or DSD output m ode, or the output sam ple rate is set to 176.4 or 192 kS/s, the O utput W ordlengt h cannot be cha nged so proceed to

Other Settings.

IMPORTANT! Purcell generates 24 bit data, regardless of the input word length. If your

DAC cannot handle 24 bit data, the Output Wordlength MUST be set to match. Noise Shaping and / or Dither MUST be applied to smooth the transitions.

If the extra bits are just ignored, the audio outputs may sound grainy and unpleasant low le vel effects will result. F or more information, see “Wordlength Reduction” on page 52.

do this: Check the maximum input wordlength sp ecification in the manua l for the DAC.

You must set Purcell to match this.

do this: Open the Menu and press the Output button once so the display shows

Out Word. Use the

your DAC can handle.

do this: While the menu is still open, press the Output button again to scroll to the

N.Shape page (Noise Shape). Use the

do this: While the menu is still open, press the Output button again to scroll to the

Dither page. If the Out Word setti ng is 16 or 18 bits , use the

set this to N.Tri. Otherwise, set it to Off.

Select button to set this page to m atch the number of bits

Select button to set this to Auto.

Select button to

Other Settings

The basic set-up procedure is complete. Many more features are avail able thr ough th e Funct ion Me nu. Se e the F unction

Menu section starting on page 20 for more information.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 15 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Using a 1394-Equipped Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus

This setup allows you to play SACDs and CDs through the 1394 interface, upsampling

the CDs to DSD with the Purcell. The Elgar Plus is in Master Mode.

dCS Verdi SACD T ransport

CAUTION: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION. WHEN OPEN,

DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.

RCA TOSLINK

AES 2 AES 3

AES 1

BNC ST

CH1

IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT

XLR

cable

DIGITAL INP UTS DIGITAL OUTPUT S POWER

AES RCA

PUSH

RCA

TOSLINK

BNC

WORDCLOCK

OUT

AES1 AES2

SDIF

BNC cable

BNC

CLASS 1

LASER PRODUCT

CH2

1394

OPTION

1394

SUC

1394 cable

SUC

1394

cable

dCS Purcell Upsampler

dCS Elgar Plus DAC

L R OUTPUT

XLR

cables

Balanced

Outputs

LEVEL

HIGH

- or -

LRAES 1 AES 2 RCA1 ST

PUSH PUSH

LOW

RCA phono

Unbalanced

cables

Outputs

TOSLINKRCA2

CH1

DSD / SDIF

IN - WORDCLOCK - OUT

BNC

SUC

CH2

1394

POWER

REC OUT

To Powe r Am p li fie r o r Prea mplifie r

Figure 4 - Using Elgar Plus in Master Mode with a 1394 Purcell and Verdi

do this: Connect up as shown above. do this: Open Elgar Plus’ and Purcell’s menu and run the Factory routines.

do this: Purcell set-up: Use the Input button to select the AES 1 input. Use the Output

button to select 44.1→→→→DSD.

do this: Elgar Plus set-up: Use the Input button to select the 1394 i nput and wait for the

unit to settle. Set th e MS menu p age to MS:Mastr and wait for the unit to settle again. Use the Input button to select either the SACD feed (Verdi) or the upsampled CD feed (Purcell). Use the Volume control to set a comfortable

listening level. Open the menu again and choose a different Filter if you wish. Verdi v1.2x with Elgar Plus v4.2x will automatically select the active input.

Yes, we know it should have no effect.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 16 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Using a Standard Purcell with Verdi and Elgar Plus

This setup allows you to play S ACDs through th e 1394 interf ace and upsam ple the CDs to 24 bit / 176.4k S/s Dual AES with the Purcell. The Elgar Plus is in Master Mode.

dCS Verdi SACD Transport

CAUTION: VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION. WHEN OPEN,

DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.

AES 2 AES 3

AES 1

XLR

cable

DIGITAL INP UTS DIGITAL OUTPU TS POWER

AES RCA

PUSH

LROUTPUT

RCA

TOSLINK

BNC

LRAES 1 AES 2 RCA1 ST

LEVEL

HIGH

LOW

XLR

cables

Balanced

Outputs

- or -

Unbalanced

Outputs

To Powe r Amplifier or Preamplifie r

XLR

cables

PUSH PUSH

RCA phono

cables

RCA TOSLINK

BNC ST

WORDCLOCK

OUT

AES1 AES2

BNC

TOSLINKRCA2

CH1

SDIF

IN - WORDCL O C K - O U T

BNC

CH1

IN - WORDCLOC K - O UT

BNC

cable

DSD / SDI F

CLASS 1

LASER PRODUCT

CH2

1394

OPTION

1394

CH2

1394

SUC

1394 cable

dCS P urc ell U p sam p ler

SUC

dCS Elgar Plus DAC

SUC

POWER

REC OUT

Figure 5 - Using Elgar Plus in Master Mode with a standard Purcell and Verdi

do this: Connect up as shown above. do this: Open Elgar Plus’ and Purcell’s menu and run the Factory routines. do this: Purcell set-up: Use the Input button to select the AES 1 input. Use the Output

button to select 44.1→→→→176.

do this: Elgar Plus set-up: Use the Input button to select the 1394 i nput and wait for the

unit to settle. Set th e MS menu p age to MS:Mastr and wait for the unit to settle again. Use the Input button to s elect the Dual AES input (AES1 + AES2) and

wait for the unit to sett le. Set the MS menu page to MS:Mastr and wait for the unit to settle again. Use the Input button to select either the 1394 input for SACD or the Dual AES input for upsampled CD.

do this: Use the Volume control to set a comfortable listening level. Open the menu

again and choose a different Filter if you wish. Verdi v1.2x with Elgar Plus v4.2x will automatically select the active input.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 17 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Upsampling to Dual AES, DAC in Slave Mode

You can upsample the digital output fr om an y CD player, DAT recorder or D VD player to 24 bit / 192kS/s Dual AES.

DIGITAL OUT

RCA phono

cable

XLR

cables

DIGITAL IN PUTS DIGITAL OUTP UTS POWER

AES RCA

PUSH

LROUTPUT

Balanced

Outputs

- or -

RCA

TOSLINK

BNC

LRAES 1 AE S 2 R CA1 ST

LEVEL

HIGH

LOW

Unbalanced

Outputs

To Power Am plifier or Preamplifier

WORDCLOCK

OUT

PUSH PUSH

RCA phono

cables

The Red Hot CD Player Co.

AES1 AES2

XLR

cables

BNC

Hand Crafted by

BNC

CH1

TOSLINKRCA2

IN - WORDCLO CK - OUT

DSD / SDI F

OPTION

SUC

1394

dCS E lgar P lus D AC

SUC

dCS Purcell U p sa mpler

CH2

1394

POWER

REC OUT

Figure 6 – Upsampling to Dual AES

do this: Connect up as shown in Figure 6.

Purcell setup:

do this: You can connect any of Purcell’s di gital inputs to the CD player - use Purcell’s

Input button to select it. Ope n the menu a nd run the Factory rout ine. Use the Output button to set the 44.1→→→→192 conversion.

Elgar plus setup:

do this: Open the menu and run the Factory routine. Use the Input button to select

AES 1 AND AES 2 inputs. Open the menu again, choose a Filter if you wish.

Use the Volume control to set a comfortable listening level.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 18 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 19 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x

dCS Ltd September 2004

THE SOFTWARE – THE MENU

Press "Function Step >" to m ove along the Menu, press "< Function Step" to move bac k. Press "Function Select" to set a menu option or change options.

Menu Filter x Transmit 1394 ID Out Word N.Shape

First page of the

Selects an optional

filter if available

Filter 1 Active 0 … 8 24 bits Off Filter 2 Inactive 22 bits 1st

.... 20 bits 3rd

Filter n 18 bits 9th

Turns off 1394 data

feed (DSD mode

only)

Disp: In Word Clone Out Mode WClock Dither

Sets the default

display

Disp:In ?? Bits NonClone Single WClk: O ff Off Disp:Out Cloning Dual AES WClk:In Top hat Disp:I+O Triangle

Displays the

number of active

bits in the input

(needs music)

Allows bit-for-bit

operation if F s In =

Fs Out (e.g. for

HDCD)

Bright x De-Emph TimeOut Ch.Check Ph.Check Burn In

Sets the display

brightness

Bright 7 Strip Normal

.... PassThru Long

Bright 0 Handle

Processes the Emphasis flags in the incoming data

Sets the Function

Menu time-out

delay

Sets the 1394

source identifying

number

Selects the format

of the data outputs

Outputs tone on L

channel onl

then R

channel only

Sets the output

wordlength

Slaves to

Wordclock In if it is

present

Outputs noise on

both channels then

inverts R

Sets the Noise

order (Out

Shapin

Word < 24 bit s)

Auto

Sets the Dither type

N.Tri

Outputs modulated

pink noise to burn-

in your system

CAUTION! LOUD!

Factory CDUpdate Contact Serial Issue Test

Restores standard

factory settings

End

Closes the Function

Starts software

update from a dCS

Displa

s dCS email

address

Displays the unit

full serial num b er

PUR-?-?-?-?-? 2.2x

= feature is not available in DSD m ode

Displays the

software version

number

Db 2.06

Figure 7 – Menu flow chart

Runs a display test

routine

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 20 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Using the Function Menu

The Function Menu gives the user access to a wide range of additional features. It also allows new features and performance enhancements to be added at a later date by software upgrades.

Opening the Menu

The Function Menu is controlled by three buttons:

Types of Menu Page

• the Function button opens the menu and doubles as the

Select button.

• the Step →→→→ button pages forward through the Men u – referred t o in the tex t

Step button.

as the

• the ←←←← Step button pages back ward through the Menu – referred t o in the

text as the

Step Back button.

If you have a dCS Remote Control, you can use this to access the menu:

• the Function button opens the Menu and doubles as the

• the ↑↑↑↑ button pages forward through the Menu - the

• the ↓↓↓↓ button pages backward through the Menu - the

Select button.

Step button.

Step Back button.

• to control a n Upsampler ins tead of a DAC, firs t press the Purcell bu tton to

turn the blue LED on.

When you first open the Function Menu, the display will show Menu. Successive presses of the

Step butto n page through t he Menu. You cann ot go

directly to any particular page, but must enter at the top of the Menu and th en page through until you reach the page you want.

There are three types of page in the Menu - Parameter Pages, Information Pages and Test Pages.

Parameter pages allo w the user to check and also change the current settings of the operating parameters, for example Filter. When a parameter page is

displayed, the first press of the Subsequent presses of the

Select button change the page setting.

Select button shows the current setting.

Information pages display information about the unit, for example Software

Issue. When an information page is displayed, pressing the

Select button

displays the information held on that page. Test pages allow the user to initiate a number of useful routines, for exam ple

Channel Check. When a Test page is dis played, pressing th e

Select button

starts the test routine.

Closing the Menu

There are two ways to close the menu and return to normal operation. The easiest way is to wait 5 seconds for the unit to time-out and revert to the standard display. Alternatively, use the display shows End and then press the

Step button to page forward until the

Select button once.

If the unit times out before the operation in hand has been completed, simply reenter the menu, page forward (or back ward) and continue where you left off . If you find the 5 second time-out diff icult to use, you can exten d it to 30 seconds

by changing the TimeOut setting to Long.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 21 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Menu Sequence

Use the flow chart (page 20) or the Control Summary sheet to guide you through the Menu more quickly.

The following explanatio n deals with the Function Menu pages in the seq uence they occur in the Menu with the last operation being closing the Menu. After you have become more familiar with the Menu, you will find it more convenient to perform all the Function Menu operations in one go before finally closing the Menu.

Filter

Filter - Interpolation Filter Setting

FilterFilter

The Filter page is only available when Purcell is set to one of the following conversions: 44.1→96, 48→44.1, 96→44.1 or 96→48kS/s. When other conversions are set, this page will not appear in the Menu.

do this: Assume for the purpose of this illustration that the Filter is currently set to

Filter 1. Open the Function Menu and step through until the display shows

Filter 1.

do this: Press the

Filter 2, Filter 3, … and finally Filter 1 again.

There is a slight delay whilst the unit changes filter, during which it will not respond to further b utton pres ses . Sel ecting th e m ost appropr iate filter is s im ply a matter of flippin g through the options as you pla y a CD and c hoosi ng the one that you think sounds best. T ry listening for c hanges in im aging, ambience and low level inform ation, bas s def in iti on and v oc al clar ity.

do this: Select the filter you prefer then wait for the Fu nction Menu to tim e-out and the

display to revert to its normal m ode.

. The use of each page is shown on an indiv idual basis ,

Select button slowly several times. The display will in turn show:

Transmit

Transmit – Activating the 1394 Outputs

TransmitTransmit

At present, the IEEE 1394 inter face supp orts up to eight active DSD s ources at any time. If more ar e connected to the bus, no more than eight m ay be active. This situation will improve as industry standards stabilise. T he Transmit page allows Purcell to be left in DSD/SACD output m ode but with the 1394 interface inactive. With most set-ups, you will not ha ve to worry about this setting.

do this: Set up the unit in DSD/SACD mode, with the 1394 interface connected to at

least one other unit.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Transmit. do this: Press the

Select button to flip between Active and Inactive.

do this: When you have the option you want, wait for the Menu to time-out and the

display to revert to its normal m ode.

A minor software update may change the order of the menu items or add an option. If this happens, the

Control Summary sheet may be updated before the manual.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 22 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x

dCS Ltd September 2004

1394 ID

1394 ID – 1394 Source Identification

1394 ID1394 ID

This page sets a number between 1 and 8 to identify each Purcell you have connected to the 1394 system.

do this: Open the Menu and step through unt il the dis p lay shows 1394ID:x, where x is a

number between 0 and 8.

do this: Press the

Select button repeate dl y, allowing the un it t o settle f or a f ew secon ds

each time. The display cycles through 1394ID:0, 1394ID:1, ......., 1394ID:7,

1394ID:8, and back to 1394ID:0.

If you set 1394ID:2 for example, when the DAC is selec ted to this Purcell, it will display Purcell 2. You can set any other Purcells connected to the 1394 s yst em to a different number. If you set 1394ID:0, the DAC displays Purcell, without a number.

Out Word

Out Word – Output Wordlength

Out WordOut Word

The Output Wordlength sh ould be set to match the maxim um wordlength that the DAC you are using can accept. If you are not sure what this is, please consult the manufac turer or your d ealer. F or the dCS Elgar Plus or Delius, this is 24 bits. Purcell will work best with DACs that can accept 24 bits. Not e that for

176.4 or 192kS/s outp ut sample rat es, this setti ng cannot be ch anged – 24 bi ts output wordlength is selected automatically.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Out Word. do this: Press the

Select button once.

Assuming for this example that the current Out Word setting is 24 bits, the display will change to Out :24.

do this: Press the

Select button slowly five times and the display will show in turn:

Out :22, Out :20, Out :18, Out :16 and finally Out :24.

do this: Choose the setting that matches your DAC.

The unit stores two wordlength sett ings: - the last one used when u psampling and the last one used when downsampling. These settings are automatically applied when you change betwee n ups ampling and downsampling to help a voi d mistakes.

IMPORTANT! If Out Word is set to less than 24 bits, the 24bit indicator in the status

indicator block will turn off. Th is warns tha t you need to set Purcell to apply some Noise Shaping and / or Dither to smooth out the response.

Use Table 1 below to determine the appropriate Noise Shaping and Dither settings for the Output Wordlength that you have selected.

Out Word

Out Word N.Shape

Out WordOut Word

24 bits 22 bits 20 bits 18 bits 16 bits

→ → → → →

N.Sha

e Dithe

eN.Shape

Auto & Off 1st or 3 1st or 3 3rd or 9

/ Triangle

/ Triangle &N.Tri &N.Tri

Dither

DitherDithe

Table 1 – Recommended Output Wordlength, Noise Shaping and Dither Settings

For more information, please see “Wordlength Reduction” on page 52.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 23 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

N.Shape

N.Shape – Noise Shaping

N.ShapeN.Shape

The unit can be used to noise shape signals where the wordlength is being truncated (set to less than 24 bits).

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows N.Shape. do this: Press the

Select button once.

Assuming for this example that Noise Shaping is currently switched off, the display will change to Off.

do this: Press the

Select button slowl y fiv e times. The displa y will sh o w in turn: 1st, 3rd,

9th, Auto and finally Off.

do this: Choose the setting you want and wait for the Menu to time-out.

The NS indic ator in the s tatus indicat or block lights when Noise Shaping is s et to 1st, 3rd or 9th. It also lights when Noise Shaping is set to Auto with Out

Word set to less than 24 bits.

In Auto mode, Noise Shaping is applied as follows:

Out Word

Out Word N.Shape

Out WordOut Word

23 – 24 bits 21 – 22 bits 17 – 20 bits

16 bits

N.Shape

N.ShapeN.Shape

Off

1st 3rd 9th

Table 2 – Auto Noise Shaping settings

It is generally best to leave Noise Shaping set to Auto as this will alwa ys give a sensible setting. Otherwise, consult Table 1 for the appropriate setting.

For more inform ation about Noise Shap ing, p lease se e “Wordlength Reduct ion” on page 52. Note that f or 176.4 or 1 92kS/s output sam ple rat es, th e Out Word setting cannot be changed from 24 bits, so Noise Shaping is disabled.

Dither

DitherDither

The unit can add Dither to the signal if necessary – and has several dither options. We recommend you only add Dither if it is really necessary – it inevitably degrades the noise performance of the system.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Dither.

Assuming for this example that Dither is c urrently switched off, the displa y will change to Off.

do this: Press the

Select button slowly four times.

The display will sh ow in turn the dither t ypes ava ilable: Top Hat, Triangle, N.Tri (Noise Shaped Triangle) and finally Off.

do this: If the DAC you are using will accept 24 bit input data, set Dither to Off.

Otherwise, consult Table 1 for the appropriate settin g. Choose the setting you want and wait for the Menu to time-out.

For more inform ation ab out Dither, please see “Wordlength Reduction” o n page

52. Note that for 176.4 or 192kS/s output sample rates, this settin g cannot be

changed - Off is selected automatically.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 24 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

WClk

WClk - Wordclock

WClkWClk

This setting allo ws Purcell to be synchro nised to a W ordclock connected to the

Wordclock In socket while taking data from the selected digital input. This

helps reduce jitter. The W ordclock may be generated either by a master clock or by the source equipment.

IMPORTANT! The source equipment MUST also be synchronised to the Wordclock.

do this: Select the input you want to synchronise to the Wordclock using the Input

button.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows WClk:Off or WClk: In. do this: Press the do this: When you have the option you want, wait for the Menu to time-out and the

display to revert to its normal m ode. Set to WClk:Off, Purcell ignores clock signals on the Wordclock In socket.

Set to WClk: In, Purcell remains lock ed to the selected input. If a Wordclock is connected to the Wordclock In socket, Purcell automatically slaves t o it. If the Wordclock is not at a standard frequency, is out of capture range or is a “superclock”, the uni t will disp la y Locking…, Fs=??? for 1 m inute, the n Revert

to Slave for 10 seconds and reset itself to WClk:Off.

Select button to switch between these two options.

This menu must be set separately for each selected input, allowing you to synchronise som e of your source equipm ent (for example a C D player runni ng at 44.1kS/s connected to the RCA input) to a 44.1kS/s master clock, while synchronising equipment running at other sample rates (for example a DVD player running at 48kS/s connected to the BNC input) to the data stream instead.

Out Mode

Out Mode - Output Mode

Out ModeOut Mode

This menu page allows the AES output data to be formatted in one of two ways:

Single Use this mode if your DAC will not accept Dual

AES or DSD. In Single wire mode, PCM data is available from all of the AES 1, AES 2, RCA and

BNC outputs at sample rates up to 96kS/s.

Dual AES Use this mode if your DAC will accept Dual AES.

This setting disa ppears if the o utput sam ple rate is less than 88.2kS/s or set to DSD. If the output sample rate is 88.2 or 96kS/s, setting Dual AES mode formats the data as two 44.1 or 48k S/s data streams on the AES 1 and AES 2 outputs. Dual

AES mode is automatically selected if the output

sample rate is 176.4 or 192kS/s. The DUAL indicator in the Input Indicator block lights when

Dual AES is selected. Do not use the RCA, BNC

or 1394 outputs in this mode.

Setting the Output Mode x

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Out Mode. do this: Press the

Select button. Assuming for the purpose of this illustration the

Output Mode is set to Single and the input sample rate is 96kS/s, the dis play

will change to Single.

do this: Pr ess the

Select button slowly twice.

The display will cycle through Dual AES and Single.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 25 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

do this: Set the required mode. Wait for the Menu to time-out and the display to revert to

its normal mode.

IMPORTANT! When the Output Mode is set to Dual AES, the data output from the

RCA, BNC and 1394 digital outputs is not valid and should not be used.

Cloning

Cloning – Bit-for-Bit Mode

CloningCloning

When in Cloning Mode, Purcell passes through the in put data bit-for -bit with no changes. This allows HDCD coded data to pass through unchanged and be decoded by your DAC. Dither, Noise Shaping and Wordlength truncation are

disabled when Cloning. Cloning mode is only possible if the input and output sample rates are the same, as any digital processing changes the data.

Cloning is disabled and the Cloning page d isappears from the Menu if either

sample rate is changed so they no longer match. If the sample rates are changed so that they match again, the Cloning page reappears, set as before.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows NonClone or Cloning. do this: Press the

the option you want, wait f or th e Menu to time-out and the dis p lay to revert to its normal mode.

Select button to sw itch between these two opt ions. When you have

In Word

In Word – Displaying the Input Wordlength

In Word In Word

This feature allows the user to confirm the number of active bits in the input signal. For this func tion to operate, the unit m ust be locked to a digital source that is carrying PCM audio data (i.e. music or speech), otherwise 0 bits is displayed.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows In Word. do this: Press the

Select button once. Assuming for the pur pose of this illus tration that

Purcell is locked to a source with 16 active bits in the input signa l, the display will change to 16 bits.

do this: Wait for the Menu to time-out.

Disp

Disp - Default Display

DispDisp

This feature allows you to choose what Purcell displays when music is playing.

do this: Open the Function Menu and step through until you come to the Disp page.

Press the

Select button repeatedly and the display will cycle through the

following :

Disp:In The display reverts to input sample rate after time-out

(e.g. 44.1kS/s).

Disp:Out The display reverts to output sample rate after time-out

(e.g. 192kS/s).

Disp:I+O The display reverts t o b oth input and outp ut s am ple rates

after time-out. The input s ample rate is shown on the left of the display and the output sam ple rat e is sh own on the right of the display ( e.g. 44 displayed in a smaller font size.

1→

→192). Decimal f igures are

→→

do this: Choose whichever you prefer and wait for time-out.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 26 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Bright x

Bright x - Display Brightness

Bright xBright x

This adjusts the brightness of the main display, with settings between 7 (brightest) and 0 (off, unless something is touched).

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the disp lay sho ws Bright x, where x is a

number between 7 and 0.

do this: Press the

Select button repeatedly and the display cycles through Bright 7,

Bright 6, ......., Bright 1, Bright 0 and back to Bright 7.

After time-out, a setting of Bright 0 blanks the display unless the unit is not locked. Operating an y control or lock ing to a sour ce wh ile in this m ode turns the display back on momentarily.

De-Emph

De-Emph - Emphasis Processing

De-EmphDe-Emph

The De-Emphasis page gives three options for dealing with Emphasis messages in the incoming data.

Strip Ignores any Emphasis messages and outputs a

“No Emphasis” message.

PassThru Decodes the Emphasis message and passes it

through to the outputs, correctly encoded f or AES and SPDIF outputs.

Handle Decodes the Emphasis message, performs

De-Emphasis to eit her the 50/15µs or CCITT J17 standard as necessary and outputs a “No Emphasis” message. If the output sample rate is set to 176.4 or 192kS/s, no De-Emphasis is performed and the Emphasis m essage is s tripped.

Handle is the usual setting.

IMPORTANT! If the incoming Emphasis flag is incorrect and the setting is Handle, the

wrong De-Emphasis curve will be applied. If the tonal balance sounds wrong, set the De-Emph page to Strip and correct the response at the DAC.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows DeEmph. do this: Press the

Assuming for this example that the un it is currently set to Strip, the d isplay will cycle through PassThru, Handle and Strip again.

do this: Set as required and wait the menu to time out.

TimeOut

TimeOut – Menu Time Out Setting

TimeOutTimeOut

If you find the 5 second time out period for the menu is too shor t, use this option to change the time out period to 30 seconds.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Timeout. do this: Press the do this: Press the do this: Repeat this if you want to change back.

Select button slowly three times.

Select button once and the display will show Normal. Select button again and the display will change to Long.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 27 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Ch.Check

Ch.Check - Channel Check Test

Ch.CheckCh.Check

Use this feature to ch eck if the stereo outp uts on your system are s wapp ed. I t is disabled when in DSD/SACD m ode.

do this: Set up your system to play music at a comfortable level. do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows:

Ch.Check

do this: Press the Select button once to start the test. After briefly displ aying Wait, the

following sequence occurs:

Left

A modulated tone should appear on the left channel only for several seconds.

None

Both outputs are muted for a second.

Right

A modulated tone should appear on the right channel only for several seconds.

This is displayed briefly at the end of the test. If the channels are swapped, check for wiring errors from the unit output

onwards. If you correct this t em porar ily usin g the Swap func tion on a dCS DAC, note that the Swap setting is NOT remembered at power down.

Ph.Check

Ph.Check - Phase Check Test

Ph.CheckPh.Check

Use this feature to chec k if one channel in your system is phase in verted disabled when in DSD/SACD m ode.

do this: Set up your system to play music at a comfortable level. do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows:

do this: Press the Select button once to start the test.

After briefly displaying Wait, the following sequence occurs:

Done

Ph.Check

Normal

. It is

In-phase noise appears on both channels for several seconds.

None

Both outputs are muted for a second.

Inverted

The ear responds to positive pressure substantially more than it does to negative pressure for low

frequencies, so it is worth getting the phasing correct.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 28 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

A second burst of noise appears on both channels with the right channel inverted for several seconds.

Done

This is displayed briefly at the end of the test. If both channels are in-phase the first burs t of no is e wil l pro duc e a st ab le ce ntr al

image but the second burst will not. If one chann el is out of phase, th e second burst will produce a stable stereo image but the first will not.

If there is a phasing error, check for wiring err ors from the unit outp ut onwards. You cannot correct this error on a dCS DAC using the Phase feature as this

inverts both channels.

Burn In

Burn In - Burn-In Signal Generation

Burn InBurn In

IMPORTANT! Read all the steps in this section before starting the System Burn-in routine.

The Burn-in routine outputs a signal at maximum volume.

IMPORTANT! This routine is NOT suitable for burning-in loudspeakers. Ensure your

loudspeakers are disconnected, or your power amplifier is switched off before starting this routine.

do this: Set up your system volume control to the usual setting. do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows:

do this: Press the Select button once to start the burn-in routine.

do this: To stop the Burn-in signal, press either a

Test

Test - Display Test

TestTest

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Test. do this: Press the

Use this feature to burn-in your s ystem components with modulat ed pink nois e. It is disabled when in DSD/SACD mode.

Burn In

Purcell will show the warn ing mess ages Caution and Loud in the main display for 20 seconds and then the burn-in signal wil l ramp-up from zero to m aximum level over a period of about 10 seconds.

The display cycles through Burn in, Caution and Loud while the Burn In routine is running.

Step or Select button once. The

display will briefly show:

Done

This runs a test routine to ensure the display is working correctly.

Select button once to start the test.

• The main display lights up then fades from bottom to top.

• The indicator LEDs light up briefly in sequence.

• All indicators light up, alon g with small squares on the m ain display. This

flashes off and on once.

• The display shows Done.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 29 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Issue

Issue – Software Issue State

IssueIssue

This displays the is sue num ber of the soft ware fitted to yo ur unit. You will n eed to check this if you are considering a software upgrade or if your unit malfunctions.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Issue. do this: Press the do this: For units fitted with a 1394 interfac e, press the

Select button once to display the software issue.

Select button aga in to display

the 1394 interface software issue.

Temp

Temp – Unit Internal Temperature

TempTemp

This displays the temperature inside the unit, close to the crystal oscillators.

do this: Open the Menu and page through until the display shows Temp. do this: Press the

Press

Serial

Serial – Unit Serial Number

SerialSerial

Select button once to dis pla y the temperatur e in degr ees Fahre nheit.

Select again to change to degrees Celsius.

This displays th e full serial num ber, including the h ardware conf iguration cod e. We will need this information to assemble upgraded software to suit your unit.

do this: Have a pen and paper handy to note down the number . Open the Menu and

step through until the display shows Serial.

do this: Press the

display.

Contact

Contact - Contact information

ContactContact

This displays dCS’ email address and web-site URL.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Contact. do this: Press the

display.

Select button once and the serial number will scroll across the

Select button once and th e contact information will scroll across the

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 30 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

CDUpdate

CDUpdate – Software Update By CD

CDUpdateCDUpdate

Current software for dCS Elgar Plus, Elgar, Delius or Purcell and all Verdi, La Scala or Verona soft ware features a CD Update menu page. You c an update

the software inside any of these products loaded with CD Update software quickly and easily from a CD supplied by dCS.

IMPORTANT! Please follow the latest update instructions supplied with the CD. The

following is for guidance only.

You will need a standar d CD Transport, a CD player or a dCS Verdi to play the CD. A few CD players are not suitable because they upsample to 48kS/s or change some of the data bits in other ways (one example is the ML37). Don’t worry - the CD Update routin e detects t hes e a nd s to ps, pr e ve nting a n y c han ges to the internal software.

If you are updating a dCS Upsampler or DAC:

do this: Connect an AES or RCA digital output f rom the Transport to the Upsampler or

DAC and select the input you have just connected. Disconnect any 1394 interface cables.

If you are updating a dCS DAC connected to the Transport through another device:

do this: Connect an AES or RCA digital output f rom the other device to the DAC and

select the input you have just connected. Set t he other device to b it-f or -bit mode (Cloning on a dCS Upsampler). Disconnect any 1394 interface cables. If in doubt, connect the DAC directly to the transport.

If you are updating a dCS Verona:

do this: Disconnect ALL cables from the unit, ex cept the power cable. Open th e Menu

on the unit to be updated and step through until the display shows CDUpdate.

do this: Make sure the transport is in STOP mode. do this: Press the do this: When the unit displays Cable, connec t a BNC c able f r om the Ext Ref Input to a

BNC SPDIF digital output on t he transport. The unit will lock to the trans port, then display Wait.

If you are updating a dCS Trans port, the Transport plays the CD and updates itself, missing out some of the early steps. Disconnect any 1394 interface cables.

For all dCS units:

do this: RELAX! The update procedure is easy. do this: Mute your power amplifier. do this: Insert a dCS CD (containing software for the unit you want to update) into t he

transport, making sure it is in STOP mode.

do this: Open the Menu on the unit to be updated and step through until the display

shows CDUpdate.

do this: Press the

The unit will display Wait while it prepares the flash memory for the update. After 3-4 minutes, the unit will scroll P lea se St art CD .

do this: Press PLAY.

Select button to start the routine.

IMPORTANT! Do not press PLAY before the unit to be updated is ready. This can cause

the download to fail. Use only dCS CDs.

The unit will now inspect the CD, and will display Scanning, while it reads administrative data.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 31 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

If there is anythi ng wrong wit h the dCS CD that h as been loaded or i t does not match the product, the unit will displ ay Wrong! or Wrong CD or No Index and revert to normal operation. Don’t worry – the internal software is unchanged. Check the CD for dust or scratches.

If it is not a dCS CD at all, the unit will keep repeating Please Start CD, for about 30 seconds or display Wrong CD and then revert to normal operation.

If the data is correct, the unit will display Track n, where n is a number.

do this: You can move the Trans port on to track n, or wait f or it to get there of its own

accord. If the unit has to wait for the right track, it will display Found Track 1, then

Found Track 2, etc, until it finds the right one. Vx.xx will appear on the displa y

(this is the new sof tware issue number). If the unit displays No Track, repeat the procedure but manually advance the transport to track n.

Next, the update progress is displayed in one of the following formats:

• The display counts u p from 0% 0/7 to 99% 0/7, displays Copying, counts up from 0% 1/7 to 99% 1/7, displays Copying and so on until the last section is loaded and copied. Some models may use less than 8 sections.

• A moving dot counts down slowly from about 3 to 0.

After about 15 minutes, the update is complete and the unit will reboot itself.

do this: If the CD is still playing, you can stop it now. do this: If the unit being updated has a 1394 interface, wait until the unit has settled

(about 30 seconds), switch it off for 10 seconds, then on again. If the unit detects no change in the 139 4 interface code, it will boot up as usua l

and be ready for use. If the 1394 interface code has been updated, the unit will load the new code into

the flash memory on the 139 4 interface board – thi s takes about 10 minutes. While this is taking place, th e unit will displa y a progress bar. Nex t the unit will display in sequence: Done 5, Done 4, …, Done 1 then reboot itself again.

The unit is ready for use.

OOPS! If the CD transport stops or becomes disconnected during an update, don’t

worry! The original software is backed up inside the unit. Proceed as follows:

The checking routine will f ind a sequenci ng error and Non Seq or Bad CD! will appear on the display.

do this: Turn the power off and on to reboot. This message will scroll across the display:

Bad CheckSum – Press Function button to attempt recovery or Bad CheckSum – Press Mute button to attempt recovery or Bad CheckSum – Press Menu button to attempt recovery,

depending on the model.

do this: Press the appropriate button once.

The original software is retrieved from the internal backup while displaying

Wait... . This may take a few minutes. When recovery is complete, the unit

re-boots.

do this: Run the CD Update routine again to load the new software.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 32 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Factory

Factory – Restoring Factory Defaults

FactoryFactory

This feature sets m ost of the parameters back to the factory default settings. This can be useful if the settings are accidentally changed and you need to reset the unit to a standard configuration, or your children play with it.

do this: Open the Menu and step through until the display shows Factory. do this: Press the

Select button and leave the menu to time out.

After re-booting, the unit will return to normal operation set up as follows:

• Input to AES1

• 1394ID to 0

• Output Wordlength to 24 bits

• Noise Shaping to Auto

• Dither to Noise Shaped Triangular

• Output sample rate to DSD if a dCS DAC is detected, otherwise 96kS/s

• Output mode to Dual if a dCS DAC is detected, otherwise Single

• Filters to Filter1

• Clone to NonClone

• De-Emphasis to Strip

• Word Clock to Off

• Display to Fs I+O

• Brightness to Bright4

• Timeout to Normal

• Other settings as you last used them.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 33 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

THE HARDWARE – CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS

Front Panel

B C D E F G H

Output

Function

Step

Key to Front Panel

A Power / Standby button B Input selector or C Output sample rate or D Status indicator E Remote Control sensor F Main Display G Input / Mode indicator H Function or

Power Button x

This button doubles as a power on / off switch and a standby mode switch.

do this: To switch on, press the Power button briefly. If power is available, the PWR

indicator will light and Purcell will run through the power up routine.

PWR

STBY

24bit NS 1394

dCS Purcell

Reference Digital Upsampler

AES

DUAL

RCA

WCLK

TOS

BNC

Figure 8 – dCS Purcell Front Panel

Step Back button

Select button

FunctionPower Input

Select

Step button

Note that the Power button will not click when turning power on – this is normal.

do this: When you have finished listening, press the Power button brief ly to set the unit

to standby mode. The outputs will mute, all displays will turn off except the PWR and STBY

indicators. In this mode, Purcell uses less power but stays warm. If power is switched off or fails, Standby mode is cancelled.

do this: To restore normal operation, press the Power button briefly again.

The STBY indicator will turn off and Pu rcell will power up ready for use.

do this: To switch off completely, press the Power button and hold it for a few sec onds

until the Main Display shows Power Dn, then release it.

Input Button (

Step Back)

The Input button co ntrols which di gital in put is sel ected, as shown b y the Input

/ Mode Indicator.

do this: Press the Input button repeatedly until the required input is shown on t he Input

/ Mode indicator.

The choices for a standard Purcell are AES (XLR), RCA, Toslink or BNC. An IEEE 1394 interface is available as an option.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 34 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

The Input button doubles as the Menu Step Back button, used for paging backwards through the Function Menu (see page 20).

Output Button (

do this: Press the Output button to select the output sample rate. T he available output

sample rates are 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 176.4 and 192kS/s, plus DSD.

Step)

IMPORTANT! Before changing the sample rate ALWAYS check that your system is muted.

The performance of some DACs as the sample rate changes is unpredictable and they may produce a burst of high level noise as the sample rate changes. This is unpleasant to hear and in extreme cases could damage your speakers.

IMPORTANT! If you are using Purcell with a dCS Elgar Plus or Delius, set the DACs Non

Audio Mute Function to ON. This mutes the outputs during sample rate changes.

The Output button doubles as the through the Function Menu (see page 20).

Status Indicator x

This consists of 4 indicators:

• PWR is lit when power is connected and the unit is turned on.

• STBY is lit when the unit has been placed in Standby mode.

• 24bit is lit if the Output Wordlength is set to 24 bits. Se e Out Word on

page 23.

• NS is lit if Noise Shaping is not set to Off. See N.Shape on page 24.

Step button, used for paging forwards

Remote Control Sensor x

Point the end of the Remote Control unit towar ds the sensor for best control range.

Main Display x

The main display tells you what Purcell is doing.

• When not locked to a digital source, the display shows No Input.

• During normal operation, the disp la y will sho w either t he Inpu t Sam ple Rate

(In Fs), Output Sample Rate (Out Fs) or both (In + Out), depending on th e setting of the Display menu option, see page 26.

• While locking to a source, the display shows in sequence Locking, fol lowed by d xxx (detecting the base sample rate) and finally the normal display.

• When accessing the Function Menu (see page 20), menu options are displayed here.

• If an error occurs durin g power up or norm al use, the de tails of the f ault wil l be displayed. See “Fault Indication” on page 70.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 35 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Input / Mode Indicator x

This bank of indicators shows which digital input is selected. When the Out Mode menu page is set to Dual AES, the DUAL indicator lights

up. When the WClk menu page is set to WClk:In and Purcell is slaved to its’

Wordclock Input, the WCLK indicator lights up.

Function Button (

Press the Function button to open the Function Menu (see page 20) and change or

Select settings in the menu.

Select)

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 36 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Rear Panel

Key to Rear Panel

I J L N Q R S U W

DIGITAL INPUTS DIGITAL OUTPUTS POWER

RCA

AES RCA

PUSH

Warning: Shock Hazard - Do not open. No user serviceable parts inside. Designed to comply with BS415, EN60065, IE C65. Serial No. dCS PURCELL Upsampler De signed and Ma nufactured in En gland by dCS Ltd Caution: To avoid risk of fire replace only with same fuse type and rating 2AT. Caution: This equipment MUST be earthed.

BNC

ST A B

TOSLINK

WORDCLOCK

AES1 AES2

OUT

BNC

OPTION

SUC

1394

Power Supply 50/60Hz, 30W

K M O P T X

Figure 9 – dCS Purcell Rear Panel

I AES/EBU digital input on XLR female connector J & K SPDIF digital inputs on RCA & BNC connectors L Spare location M SPDIF optical input on Toslink connector N Spare locations for future enhancements O Wordclock digital Input P Wordclock digital Output Q & R AES/EBU digital outputs AES 1 & AES 2 on XLR

male connectors S & T SPDIF digital outputs on RCA & BNC connectors U Optional IEEE 1394 interface on two 6-way

connectors V Software Upgrade Connector, 9-way ‘D’ type WIEC Power inlet X Mains fuse holder

AES/EBU Digital Input

SPDIF Digital Inputs

(Upgrader’s note: U nits manufactured before Februar y 2001 did not feature a

Toslink input, Wordclock In/Out, provision for a 1394 interface or the spare

locations. The ST input option is no longer available.)

The AES inp ut is used for digital signals with sample rates up to 96kS/s. The data format is AES3.

Use with 110 ohm scr eened, t wisted p air cab le des igned f or dig ital a udio or RF. Do not use unscreened cables as they may pick up interference from other appliances.

The RCA and BNC inputs are used in dividually for digital sign als with sample rates up to 96kS/s. T he data format is IEC60958, ot herwise known as S PDIF. RCA connectors are the type commonly found consumer equipment.

Use with 75 ohm co-axial cables designed for digital audio or RF use. Some types of audio cable are not suitable and m ay cause crackling noises or other malfunctions.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 37 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

SPDIF Optical Input

The optical input is used for optically transmitted digital signals with sample rates up to 48kS/s. In pr actice, the interfaces are tested up to 96k S/s but dCS cannot guarantee this with non-dCS source equipment. The data format is IEC60958, otherwise known as SPDIF.

If fitted, use the Toslink input with Tos link f ibre optic cab les des igned for digital audio use. If fitted, us e the ST input with ST st yle fibre optic ca bles. Pull off the plastic cover before use.

Wordclock Digital Input / Output

WClk In accepts a W ordclock at sample rates up to 96kS/s. It allo ws Purcell

and your source equipment (e.g. CD or DVD pla yer) to be synchronised to a master clock. This arrangement helps reduce jitter, which can degrade the audio output. See WClk on page 25 for more details.

IMPORTANT! If the input and output sample rates are not the same, you cannot synchronise

the DAC (or other equipment driven from Purcell’s outputs) to the master clock. Slave it to Purcell’s digital outputs or WClk Out instead.

WClk Out is intended to sync hronise other equipm ent to Purcell. It provides a

Wordclock at the sam ple rate of the AES 1 output, up to 96k S/s. If the selecte d

Output Mode (see page 25) is Dual AES, WClk Out will run at ha lf the output

sample rate. Purcell must be locked to a source (rather than unlocked, attempting to lock) for correct operation of this output.

There is no data on t he wordclock interface. Use with 75 ohm co-axial cables designed for digital audio or RF use.

AES/EBU Digital Outputs

The AES 1 and AE S 2 outputs may be used individually for digital signals with sample rates up to 96kS/s. The data format is AES3.

For output sample rates of 88.2 and 96kS/s , the AES 1 and AE S 2 outputs may be used together, but th e Output Mode (see page 25) must be set to Dual

AES.

For output sample rates of 176.4 and 192kS/s, the AE S 1 and AE S 2 outputs must be used together . Purcell automaticall y sets the Output Mode to Dual

AES.

Use with 110 ohm scr eened, t wisted p air cab le des igned f or dig ital a udio or RF. Unscreened cables must not be used as they may pick up interference from other appliances.

SPDIF Digital Output

The SPDIF output is used individua lly for digital signals with sam ple rates up to 96kS/s. The data format is IEC60958, otherwise known as SPDIF. RCA connectors are the type commonly found consumer equipment.

Use with 75 ohm co-axial cables designed for digital audio or RF use. Some types of audio cable are not suitable and m ay cause crackling noises or other malfunctions.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 38 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

IMPORTANT! SPDIF outputs are intended for use with Single AES, RCA, BNC or optical

inputs ONLY. If the selected input is in any other format, the SPDIF output will carry either the left channel data or full scale noise.

IMPORTANT! If the selected input is SPDIF and the Copy Prohibit flag in the source data is

set, the SPDIF output will be the same and you will n ot be able to record the data.

1394 Interface

Units fitted with an IEEE 1394 multi-channel inter face are fitted with t wo 6-way 1394 connectors. If ther e ar e more than eight 1394 s ourc es in the c hain, Purcell can be made inactive using the Transmit menu item, see page 22.

In this release, the unit generates DSD data at 2.822MS/s from either 1394 connector. For correct operatio n, the D AC m ust be loc k ed to the 44. 1kHz s ignal on Purcell‘s WClk Out connector (or the s ystem must be locked to a master clock running at 44.1kHz). We recommend using the 1.8 metre long, 6-way IEEE 1394 cable assembly and the BNC cable assembly provided. See “IEEE 1394 Overview” on page 56 for more information.

IMPORTANT! Do not connect both 1394 outputs to the same DAC or other destination

equipment - the interface system will be stuck in an endless loop and will not work.

Power Link

This can be linked to similar connectors on o ther dCS units using a link cable. All units linked in th is way m ay be turn ed o n or off or s et to sta ndb y by press ing a single Power button or sending one Remote Control comm and. Link cables are available from dCS.

SUC

The Software Up grade Connector is intended to be used by dCS servic e agents to load new software into Purcell.

IMPORTANT! Do not connect any other equipment to the SUC connector as this may

damage both Purcell and the equipment so connected. Do not operate Purcell with a PC connected. Failure to observe this warning will void th e

unit’s warranty, and may cause unpleasant effects in your system.

Power switch

The Power switch com pletely isol ates the u nit fr om the power s upply. In normal use, set it to the On positi on (I). Set it to Off (0) during electrical storms , or wh il e you are away for a long period.

IEC Power Inlet

Use with a 3 - pin IEC type power cable.

Mains Fuse

Replace only with a 20 x 5mm 500mA T HRC fuse. Please see page 66 for replacement details.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 39 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Additional Information

The rear panel displays the following information about the unit:

• The manufacturer’s name and address.

• Supply voltage setting, frequency range and rated power.

• Model: dCS Purcell

• The short form of the unit serial number.

We will need the serial number (preferably the full serial number from the menu) to give you support over the phone, or to ship you software updates.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 40 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Remote Control

The Remote Control un it is supplied with all ne w dCS Elgar Plus or Delius DACs. It is available as an optional extra with Purcell, but is most use with a dCS DAC.

Standby Purcel l

Function

AES1 AES2

RCA1 RCA2 Phase

FilterBNC Input

θ η

Vol / Bal Display

Mute

dCS

Figure 10 – The Remote Control

Purcell button and LED

The Remote Control normally controls a dCS Elgar Plus or Delius DAC.

do this: To use it to c ontrol a Purcell, press the Purcell button (

will light up for abo ut 5 seconds . Press ing a butto n durin g this tim e will tr ansm it an Upsampler code instead of a DAC code and keep the Remote Control in Purcell mode (the blue LED stays on) for another 5 seconds.

do this: Press the Purcell button again while the LED is lit to return to DAC m ode (or

just wait 5 seconds).

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 41 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

ζ) and the blue LED

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Standby button

(α) When you have finished listening, pr ess the Purcell button and then pr ess

the Standby button while the blue LED is on. The digital outputs will mute, and all displays will turn off except the PWR and STBY indicators. In this mode, Purcell uses less power but stays warm.

To restore norm al operation, press the Standby button again and Purcell will power up ready for use.

Note that standby mode will be cancelled if power is lost or a brown-out occurs.

Function button

(β) Opens the Function Menu, see page 20.

do this: W ith the blue LED on, use the ↑↑↑↑ and ↓↓↓↓ buttons

and press Function again to change a setting. Not e that the menu may timeout if there is no activity for 5 seconds.

Input Selector buttons

This group of buttons

do this: With the blue LED on, press AES1 or AES2 to select the AES input, press

RCA1 or RCA2 to select the RCA input or press the BNC button to select the BNC input. The Input button steps through all the a vailabl e inputs in sequenc e,

giving access to the others.

Filter button

do this: W ith the blue LED on and the unit locked, press the Filter button

one of 4 interpolation filter settings. In this release, 4 sam ple rate in / out com binations have opt ional filters. T hese

give a different trad e-off between aliassing perf ormance and phase respons e. This feature is duplicated in the menu, see Filter on page 22.

Display button

do this:

(ι)With the blue LED on, rep eatedly pressing the Display button reduces the

display brightness in steps from Bright 7 to Bright 0.

(γ) select the active digital audio input.

(κ) to page through the menu

(η) to select

This feature is duplicated in the Menu, see Bright on page 27.

Up / Down (↑↑↑↑ / ↓↓↓↓) buttons

do this: With the blue LED on, press one of these buttons

sample rate. This duplic ates the Output butto n on th e front pa nel, s ee pag e 35. When the Menu is open, use these buttons to scroll along the Menu.

In Purcell mode, the Vol/Bal, Mute and Phase buttons have no effect.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 42 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

(κ) to change the output

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 43 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

PURCELL TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Digital Interface Specifications

AES/EBU (AES3) Input Output Type Balanced, differential Impedance 110 110 Sensitivity (unloaded) 1 ~ 10 7 V pk-pk Maximum Wordlength 24 24 bits Connector XLR3 female XLR3 male

x 2

Connections

Table 3 – AES/EBU Interface Electrical Characteristics

Pin 1 Ground or shield Pin 2 +Signal Pin 3 -Signal

Ω

SPDIF (electrical) Input Output Type

Impedance 75 75 Sensitivity (unloaded) 0.5 1.0 V pk-pk Maximum Wordlength 24 24 bits Connector RCA Phono or BNC

Table 4 – SPDIF Interface Electrical Characteristics

SPDIF (optical) Toslink Input Type Optical Wavelength 660 nm Maximum Wordlength 24 bits Connector Toslink

Table 5 – Optical Interfaces Electrical Characteristics

Wordclock Input Output Type Single ended,

Impedance 100 25 Sensitivity (unloaded) TTL TTL Connector BNC BNC

Single ended, ground

referred

Ω

EIAJ CP-340

ground referred

Ω

Table 6 – Wordclock Interface Electrical Characteristics

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 44 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

IEEE 1394

Type Data format Connectors 6-way (2)

Table 7 – IEEE 1394 Interface Electrical Characteristics

Sample Rates

• 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2 or 96kS/s on single wire interfaces and Wordclock interface, auto selected. Opt ical inputs are not gu aranteed at 88.2kS/s an d 96kS/s.

• 88.2, 96, 176.4 or 192kS/s on Dual AES interface, auto selected.

• 2.822MS/s for DSD on IEEE 1394 interfac e, use with a 44.1k H z wordcloc k.

Frequency Response – DDC mode

The cut-off frequency of the converted digital data stream depends on the lowest of the two sample rates involved in the conversion. Roll-off starts just below half the lowest sample rate. The low frequency response extends to below 10Hz, limited by a DC filter.

Figure 11 shows the Filter 1 frequency response curves for converting a

44.1kS/s source to 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96, 176.4 and 192kS/s. Note that signal

frequencies higher than 22.05kHz are not defined.

I/O

High speed, multi-channel

dCS encrypted DSD

Filte r 1 Response for Conversions from 44.1kS/s

-6

-12

-18

-24

Level (dB )

-30

-36

-42

-48 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

F requency (kH z)

Figure 11 – Filter 1 Response Curves for Conversions from 44.1kS/s

The IEEE 1394 interface is optional on some models.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 45 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Spurious Free Dynamic Range – DDC mode

Better than 110dB in the frequency range 20Hz to 20kHz, with Filter 1 selected.

Table 8 shows typical SFDR test results for each DDC c ombination, meas ured

in dB in the frequency range 20Hz – 20kHz, with Filter 1 selected.

OUTPUT SAMPLE RATE (kS/s)

32 44.1 48 88.2 96 176.4 192

32 >150 119 132 121 >150

44.1 >150 124 >150 129 >150 >150 48 148 >150 >150 >150 >150 >150

88.2 >150 121 >150 >148

INPUT SAMPLE RATE (kS/s)

96 116 >150 >150 >150

Table 8 – Typical SFDR for each Combination

A typical example of the spectrum produced by upsampling is shown below.

44.1kS/s to 176.4kS/s Conversion

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

Leve l (dB0)

-120

-140

-160

-180 0 102030405060708090100

Purcell

v1.25

Frequency (kHz)

Left Right

Figure 12 – Typical Spectrum for 44.1kS/s to176.4kS/s Conversion

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 46 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Sample Rate Combinations and Filter Options

• “4” indicates valid combinations with four filter choices.

• “1” indicates valid com binations with one fi lter .

• Blank combinations are not available as a single pass in this software

release.

OUTPUT SAMPLE RATE (kS/s)

32 44.1 48 88.2 96 176.4 192 DSD

3211111

44.1 1114111 48 4111111

88.2 1 1 1 1 1

INPUT SAMPLE RATE (kS/s)

96 44 1 11

Table 9 – Valid In/Out Combinations and Number of Filter Options Available

Clocking

The sample clock qualit y significant ly determ ines the output perf ormance of the converter. The highes t quality clock s that are available are crystals, so we use these. Purcell uses t wo on-boar d voltage c ontrolled cr ystal oscill ators (VCXO ’s) as clock sources - one for the 44.1k S/s related outputs an d one for the 48kS/s related outputs.

Only one VCXO is active at a time. In slave mode, the active VCXO is synchronised to the clock signal extracted from the input by a phase locked loop (PLL). This PLL is of a special narrow bandwidth type, that provides a significant degree of "c lock cleani ng”. The PLL is also ver y robust, and will lock to very poor signals if necessary. Data is decoded using a much wider band (faster) PLL, so AES3 type low frequency jitter on the input clock can be handled, and will be cleaned.

Synchronising to source x

Pull-in range ± 300 ppm about nominal frequency Lock-in time < 6 seconds for most situations

Available on models fitted with the IEEE 1394 interface only.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 47 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Power requirements

Units may be set for 100, 115/120, 200, 215/220 or 230/240V (+/-10%), 50/60Hz AC operation.

Size and Weight

Purcell &

Verona

Typical power

consumption

16W 20W

Maximum power

consumption

Delius 21W 25W

Elgar Plus 34W 40W

Verdi &

La Scala

25W 50W

Table 10 – Power consumption for consumer products

Length Depth Height Weight

Purcell &

Verona

Delius

461mm (18.15”)

413mm

(16.18”)

413mm

(16.18”)*

69mm

(2.70”)

69mm

(2.70”)

8.5kg

(18.7lbs)

8.8kg

(19.4lbs)

Operating Conditions

Elgar Plus

Verdi &

La Scala

461mm (18.15”)

406mm

(16.0”)

415mm

(16.34”)**

75mm

(2.94”)

137mm

(5.39”)

12.0kg

(26.4lbs)

17kg

(37.4lbs)

Table 11 – Size and weight for consumer products

• *Delius only: the control knob protrudes out of the front by 20mm (0.79”).

• **Verdi & La Scala only: the control knob protrudes out of the front by 13mm

(0.51”).

• Allow extra depth for cable connectors.

• Ambient temperature range: 0°C (32°F) to 50°C (122°F), non-condensing.

• Do no t install th e unit ne ar heat sour ces suc h as radia tors, a ir ducts , po wer

amplifiers or direct strong sunlight.

• If in doubt, the easy test is - Purcell is happy to work anywhere a human is.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 48 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Noise Shaping

The dCS Purcell uses noise shapin g7 that is optimised to th e F we ighti ng curv e8. It does not affect signal frequency or transient response, but shapes the frequency response of errors (Q noise, or trunc ation errors) so that t hey fall as much as possible in t he less s ensit ive par t of the s pec trum - for sam ple rates of

88.2kS/s and above this will mainly be in the ultrasonic region. The architec ture used also shapes dither, where this is a dded. For all the major sam ple rates (32kS/s, 44.1kS/s, 48kS/s , 88.2kS/s and 96kS/s) the n oise shapers have be en individually optim ised. The 1 Wannamaker’s published results

Noise Shaping adds more noise power, but because of the shaping it is perceived as lower noise. There is a compromise to be drawn – as more aggressive shaping is used, more noise is added, and less perceived improvement occurs. In practice, things stop improving by about the 9

The gentle shaping t ends to follo w the E weigh ting curve, by chanc e. For more information on this topic, either see the “Wordlength Reducti on” sec ti on o n pa ge

52, or read the references below.

, 3rd, and 9th shapes for 44.1 kS/s agree well with

order.

IMPORTANT! If the Out Word menu page is set to less than 24 bits, the sound quality will

be poor unless you apply enough Noise Shaping and / or Dither.

It actually uses an Error Shaping architecture, but the name is now being used for entirely other things and is

less well known, so we call it, erroneously, Noise Shaping.

“Minimally Audible Noise Shaping”, S.P.Lipshitz and R.A.Wannamaker, J AES vol 39 no 11, p836-852.

“Psychacoustically Optimal Noise Shaping”, R.A.Wannamaker, J AES vol 40 no 7/8, p611-620.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 49 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Dither

The dCS Purcell uses relatively unusual dither generators to achieve the very good statistics necessary for audio purposes. Many dither generators use PRBS generators (Pseu do Random Binary Shift register gener at ors ) . T hes e ar e well known, well documented, and very predictable – but unfortunately their statistics are not that great. The problem shows up as a s pectrum that is not flat, and histograms (PDFs, Proba bilit y Densit y Functions) that diver ge from the ideal quite signific antl y.

Adding dither adds noise. Top hat dither us es one ge nerator per cha nnel t o ad d ±0.5 lsbs p-p of rectangularl y distributed dither, and tr iangular dither uses two generators per chann el to add ±1 lsbs p- p of triang ularly distribu ted dit her. T his is on top of the Q/√12 rms dither from wordlength reduction in the first place (where Q is the size of the output word lsb) . The noise shap ed triangular setting uses one generator to add ±1 lsbs p-p of triangularly distributed dither that is frequency shaped, and so has lo w perceived (weight ed) noise power. T his last is a significant test of ge nerator performance – the dCS Purcell perfor ms very well.

The noise added by the dither settings is summarised below:

Sample Rate (kS/s) Noise

Power

(0 - Fs/2)

No dither (straight truncation) Top Hat dither Triangular dither Noise Shaped Triangular dither

Table 12 – Noise Added by Dither Types

If Dither is used with Noise Shaping, i t is shaped (m ade less audible) b y noise shaping. This applies as much to noise shaped triangular as the others.

Q/√12

Q/√6 Q/√4 Q/√4

Added Noise

Power

(unweighted)

0 dB 0 dB 3 dB 3 dB

4.8 dB 4.8 dB

4.8 dB 1.2 dB

Noise Added

(F weighted)

Perceived

IMPORTANT! If the Out Word menu page is set to less than 24 bits, the sound quality will

be poor unless you apply enough Noise Shaping and/or Dither.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 50 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Message Handling

AES3 and SPDIF data streams contain m essage flags which can be used to automatically set-up digital audio equipment.

AES outputs

SPDIF outputs

The AES mess aging scheme used in all dCS products is based on the AES3 standard interfaces

, expanded to deal with sample rates over 48kS/s and multi-wire

. Purcell implements the messaging as follows.

• Professional.

• Non-Audio flag Off.

• Emphasis flag is determined by the input and the De-Emphasis menu

setting.

• Sample rates up to 192kS/s are coded.

• Multi-wire format is coded.

• Wordlength is coded.

The SPDIF messaging is bas ed on th e IEC6 0958 s tandard and is im plemented as follows.

• Consumer.

• Copy prohibit flag is pas sed through from an SPDIF inpu t. Copy Permit if

the input is AES.

• Non-Audio flag Off.

• Emphasis flag is determined by the input and the De-Emphasis menu

setting.

AES3-1992 (ANSI S4.40-1992) “AES Recommended practice for digital audio engineering – Serial

transmission format for two-channel linearly represented digital audio data.”, available from the AES.

“dCS 24/96 and 24/194 Coding Formats.” 1997, availa ble from dCS on request.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 51 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

GENERAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Wordlength Reduction

Wordlength reduction (truncation) causes an error signal to be added to the wanted signal. The error signal is usually referred to as “Q noise” or Quantisation noise – the approximation is m ade that the errors are noise like. This is true for lar ge signals, but for smaller on es it is not so. As the wanted signal gets sm aller, the com plexit y of the error signal dec reases , and the er rors first of all pile into ever lower order harm onics or intermods, and then, as the level of the signal sinks below the Q level, much error power piles into the fundamental. This causes its am plitude to become unpredicta ble – it may drop abruptly to zero and disappear, or it m ay cease to go down an y more and just stay at a constant level. From the audio viewpoint, this sounds very unpleasant. As a signal tail deca ys away, the tonal qual ity chan ges, and t hen it decays into distorted mush and either abruptly stops, or else keeps fuzzing away until a new signal starts. The l evel at which all this happens is the lsb of the output word – for CDs, it is at the 16 bit level, which equates to about -90dB0. The level is high enough to be quite au dible, and th e effect m ust be tac kled to m ake reasonable quality CDs.

There is really on ly one way of tack ling the prob lem – another si gnal has to be added to the wanted one to smooth the staircase transfer function that truncation causes. Mathematically, with two signals present, the transfer function the wanted sig nal sees is the convolution of the PDF

of the second signal and the staircase function. The converse is also true – the transfer function the additional s ignal sees is the conv olution of the PDF of the wanted signal and the stair case function. This aspect is not a problem with the dither types considered below, but it can be with some highly frequency shaped dithers.

The additional sig nal is usual ly referr ed to as dit her, and it is usuall y noise-lik e, because then its statistics can be controlled, and the converse effect of the signal modulating the d ither can be m ade insignificant, or zero. However , there are a number of wa ys that this dither signal can be generated a nd treated. The major options are:

• generate from the signal or generate independently and add (“Dither”). It

seems implausible th at the dither signal can be ge nerated from the signal, but it can, and this gives the lowest added noise p ower option. It is noise shaping on its own, but there are some c ircumstances where it n eeds help from additional dither.

• add inside or outside an error shaping loop.

• frequency shape to match the ears response or not. We can use techniques

that suppress error en er g y in the areas where the ear is se ns it iv e, a nd p u t it in areas where the ear is not sens it i ve. Us ual ly this shuffling ar oun d pr oces s costs us – we remove a little from the sens itive areas and add back rather more in the less sensitive parts, but that’s life. We still gain some improvements.

PDF = Probability Distribution Function. References to Rectangular Dither or Triangular Dither refer to the

shape of the PDF of the dither.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 52 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Table 13 gives the ac tua l no is e le ve ls f or 16 b it tru nc ated s ig nals with no dither,

various types of dither, no ise s haping o n its own, and noise sh aping wit h d ither. The 0dB reference level is taken as the m inimum noise we could possibly get away with – the amount that simple 16 bit truncation (16 bit Q noise) would give, if it were well behaved, which it is not.

Straight forward dither always adds noise – it can onl y produce signals with a noise floor higher than Q noise on its own. However, the noise power added is a few dBs for simple types. No ise shaping adds rather more noise, but it can be made to add it in parts of the spectrum that the ear is less sensitive t o, so the perceived noise (F weighted no ise) is lower – up to thr ee bits lower. It res ults in a signal that the ear hears as having a far lower noise floor than a 16 bit truncated signal, rather than the “not m uch worse” of dither alone, even thou gh there is really more noise present

Truncation Type, with

44.1kS/s data rate

Noise,

unweighted,

rel 16 bit Q

noise

Noise,

F weighted,

rel 16 bit Q

noise

Comments

16 bit truncation 0 dB 0 dB Unpleasant low

level effec ts

16 bit truncation with Top Hat dither

3 dB 3 dB Okay – can show

noise modulation at

low signal levels

16 bit truncation with Triangular dither

4.8 dB 4.8 dB All noise modulation and

unpleasant effects

removed, but noise

floor is high

16 bit truncation with Noise Shaped Triangular dither

4.8 dB 1.2 dB All noise modulation and

unpleasant effects

removed. Not much

perceived noise

penalty

16 bit truncation with 2 order noise shaping and no dither

16 bit truncation with 2 order noise shaping and Noise Shaped Triangular dither

16 bit truncation with 9 order noise shaping and no dither

16 bit truncation with 9 order noise shaping and Noise Shaped Triangular dither

6.2 dB -10.4 dB

11.0 dB -9.2 dB

23.4 dB -17.9 dB

28.2 dB -16.7 dB

Okay with input

noise floors down

to –102 dB

Unconditionally free

from truncation

effects with all

inputs

Okay with input

noise floors down

to –120 dB

Unconditionally free

from truncation

effects with all

inputs

Table 13 – Dither and Noise Shaping Noise Powers

DSD carries this further. The principle is the same, but with DSD, there is more noise than there is signal,

even at full scale. It is just that it is in a part of the spectrum the ear cannot hear.

16 bit Q noise is -98.1dB relative to a full scale sine wave.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 53 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Noise shaping on its own is not perfect. It rel ies on a small amount of noise in the input signal to generate the frequenc y shaped correc tion s ignal, and if there is very low noise in the in put sign al, this m echanism can break down. I n rea lity, such a situation can on ly occur with test sign als, digitally gen erated signals

, or silences introduced in editing. If one of these situations may arise , any chanc e of a problem can be c ompletely removed by addi ng a dither signal as well as using noise shaping. The noise shaping shapes the dither in the dCS Purcell architecture. If Noise Shaped Triangular dither is used, then there is very little weighted degradation in the final signal, although the quite high level of total noise power now present means that the process should be carried out after major editing.

There is another opti on not supported b y the dCS Purcell – generate the dither independently of the s ignal and frequenc y shape it prior t o addition, but do not add it in an error sha ping loop. This seem s to dCS to combine the wor st of all worlds – the high noise floor in the 0 - 6 kHz area of straight dither, and the high total noise of noise shaping. However, some people use it.

What does it look like? x

Figure 13 gives the spectra of 16 bit truncated 44.1 kS/s signals with a –90d B0

sine present, for two dither only signals ( Top Hat, Noise Shaped Triang ular), a

order noise shaped16 signal, and a 10th order noise shaped signal with added Noise Shaped Triangular dither. The equivalent simply truncated spectrum is shown in Figure 14 separately because it is so revolt ing. In it, we can see that at the sig na l lev el s h o wn (-9 1d B0) , er ror po wer from the quantising / truncation is beginning to pile into the fundamental, which is showing an amplitude error of +1.3 dB. This would show up on a c onventio nal linearit y plot, although the sign of the error could be either way.

for example, from synthesisers

for comparison with the table, 10th and 9th order noise shaping are very similar.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 54 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Noise Shaper, Noise Shaper with Dither, and Dither Only Comparison

-60

16 bit truncation, Nois e S haped Triangular dither

-80

-100

-120

Amplit ude, Real Data (dB )

-140

-160 0 2 4 6 8 10121416182022

16 bit truncation, Top Hat dither

16 bit truncation, 10th order noise s haping, Nois e Sh aped Triangular dither 16 bit truncation, 10th order noise s haping, no dither

dCS 972 SW v1.54

44.1 kS / s s am pling , 1024 point FF Ts, H6 window, -90 dB 1.44 k H z input

Frequency (kHz )

Figure 13 – Noise Shaping and Dither Spectra

Spectra of -90dB 24 bit sinewave truncated to 16 bits with dither options

-60

44.1 k S/s s am p l i ng, 1. 44 kHz i nput, 10 24 point FFTs, H6 Wind ow

-80

-89.70 dB 16 bi t truncat ed

-91.00 dB sourc e signal

-100

Ampl i tude (dB )

-120

-140

-160 0246810121416182022

dCS 972 S W v1.54

Frequenc y (kH z)

24 bit sourc e dat a 16 bit trunc ation, no

dither

Figure 14 – Truncation Only Spectra

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 55 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

IEEE 1394 Overview

The IEEE 1394 interface is a high speed multi-channel system. It has the capacity to carry over 50 channels of DSD (Direct Stream Digital) or over 30 channels of 24 bit / 192kS/s audio data through a single cable.

From October 2001 onwards, a pair of 6-way electrical IEEE 1394 interfaces running at 200Mbit/s are available on the following dCS products:

• dCS Elgar Plus DAC, standard fit with software version 4.10 or later.

• dCS Delius DAC, optional fit with software version 2.10 or later.

• dCS Purcell Upsampler, optional fit with software version 2.11 or later.

• dCS Verdi SACD/CD Transport, standard fit.

• dCS Verdi La Scala Upsampling SACD/CD Transport, standard fit.

In the current implementation, Purcell can upsample standard digital formats (such as CD at 44.1k S/s 16 bits) to DSD at 2.8 22MS/s and output a ster eo pa ir of DSD data onto its 1 394 interface. Verdi can rea d DSD data from an SACD and output a stereo pair of DSD data onto its 1394 interface. The data is encrypted to conform to the conditions of the DSD licensing arrangements. Either Elgar Plus or Delius will accept DSD data from the 1394 interface and convert it to high quality analogue.

The hardware inter face is very flexible and s oftware configurable. W e will add other features and data formats at a later date, adopting industry standard formats as they stabilise.

Synchronising IEEE 1394 interfaces

The IEEE 1394 system is gr eat for carrying la rge amounts or di gital audio dat a – but is inherentl y ver y jittery. T o ens ur e lo w-jitter co nversi on to a nalog ue, each unit linked by the 13 94 system must be s ynchronised to the other s by another connection.

• A DAC in slave mode should be sync’ed to Verdi by connecting Verdi’s

WClk Out to the DAC’s WClk In.

• A DAC in master mode should sync Verdi by connecting the DAC ’s WClk

Out to Verdi’s WClk In.

• An U ps ampler should be sla ve d to Verdi, usually b y the se lecte d PCM input (AES or RCA).

Automatic Input Selection

From October 2002 on wards, the software on the following produc ts has been enhanced to automatically select the interface carrying data from Verdi:

• dCS Elgar Plus DAC, standard fit with software version 4.20 or later.

• dCS Delius DAC, optional fit with software version 2.20 or later.

• dCS Verdi SACD/CD Transport, standard fit with software version 1.20 or

later.

• dCS Verdi La Scala Upsamplin g SACD/CD Transport, standard fit, with the

Easy Play menu set to Verdi.

The system relies on a 1394 link between Verdi and the DAC. The DAC will automatically change inp uts wh ene ver Verdi changes layer or starts playing.

If the Verdi starts playing an SACD, the DAC selects that 1394 channel. If the Verdi starts playing a CD and:

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 56 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

• there is a secon d source on t he 1394 bus ( such as a Purcell), the DAC will select the other source.

• there are more than tw o other sources on th e 1394 bus (such as a Purcell or another Verdi), th e DAC will select one of the ot her sources. You may have to manually select the source you want.

• Verdi is the only source on the 1394 b us, th e DAC will sc an the PCM in puts and select the first active one it f in ds . T he pr ior ity order is: AES1 (and Dual

AES) first, AES2, RCA1, RCA2, TOS, ST, BNC. If the active input is n ot

derived from Verdi, you may have to manually select the s ource you want. If none of the PCM inputs are acti ve, the DAC will remain se lected to the original 1394 channel.

This arrangement works best with only two inputs connected to the DAC – Verdi’s 1394 feed for SACD’s and either a PCM feed from Verdi or an upsampled feed from Verdi. The DAC can be in master or slave mode – we recommend master mode.

If you are using a Purcell in Dual AES mode (rather than DSD mode), you should set the DAC’s Dual AES menu page to either Lock or Auto.

The DAC has enough i nformation abou t the system set-up to report c onnection and setting errors. These are:

• Verdi Wordclock Missing

• Please Check Source Slaved to Delius / Elgar Plus Wordclock Out

• Missing Wordclock between ClkOut and Verdi Clk In

• Wrong Fs @ Verdi Clk In

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 57 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

dCS IR Remote Control Codes

This section gives details of the Rem ote Control codes generated by dCS IR Remote Control units, for use with programmable remote controls. All dCS Remote Control units us e the RC5 system and a carrier frequenc y of 37.9kHz. For more inform ation on the use of dCS Remote Control uni ts, please refer to the manual for that unit.

IMPORTANT! Please note that dCS cannot accept responsibility for any difficulties

experienced with other manufacturer’s remote control units.

Upsampler

For Purcell, the category code is 29 (decimal). These Upsampler c odes are in use on the Elgar Plus / Delius Rem ote v2.0 and

Transport Remote v2.0.

Button Code

Decimal

Hexadecimal

Purcell

RC button

1 01 RCA1 / RCA2 3 03 AES1 / AES2 6 06 BNC

7 07 Display 12 0C Standby 14 0E Filter 16 10 (up) 17 11 (down) 26 1A Function 27 1B Input 32 20 32kS/s out 33 21 44.1kS/s out 34 22 48kS/s out 35 23 88.2kS/s out 36 24 96kS/s out 37 25 176.4kS/s out 38 26 192kS/s out 39 27 DSD/1394 out 41 29 Standby ON 42 2A Standby OFF 43 2B Power OFF 44 2C Filter 1 45 2D Filter 2 46 2E Filter 3 47 2F Filter 4

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 58 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

DACs

For all DACs, the category code is 13 (decimal). These DAC codes up to decimal 27 are in use on the Elgar Plus / Delius Remote

v2.0, Transport Rem ote v2.0 and Elgar Remote v1.0. Elgar Plus v4.20 or later and Delius v2.20 or later will respond to codes over decimal 27.

Button or Function Code

Decimal Hexadecimal

Elgar Plus / Delius

RC function

1 01 RCA1 Coax1

2 02 - Opt2

3 03 AES1 AES1

4 04 AES2 AES2

5 05 - Opt1

6 06 BNC Coax2

7 07 Display Display

8 08 Vol/Bal Vol/Bal

9 09 Phase Phase 12 0C Standby Standby 13 0D Mute Mute 14 0E Filter Filter 15 0F RCA2 16 10 (up) (up) 17 11 (down) (down) 26 1A Function 27 1B Input Input 32 20 Dual AES 33 21 SDIF 34 22 1394 CH 0 35 23 1394 CH 1 36 24 1394 CH 2 37 25 1394 CH 3 38 26 1394 CH 4 39 27 Mute On 40 28 Mute Off 41 29 Standby On 42 2A Standby Off 43 2B Power Off 44 2C Filter 1 45 2D Filter 2 46 2E Filter 3 47 2F Filter 4 48 30 Filter 5 49 31 Filter 6 50 32 Master 51 33 Slave -

Elgar

RC button

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 59 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Transports

For Verdi & La Scala, the category code is 20 (decimal). These Transport codes are in use on the Transport Remote v2.0.

Button Code

Decimal

Hexadecimal

Verdi

RC button

0 00 Keypad 0/10

1 01 Keypad 1

2 02 Keypad 2

3 03 Keypad 3

4 04 Keypad 4

5 05 Keypad 5

6 06 Keypad 6

7 07 Keypad 7

8 08 Keypad 8

9 09 Keypad 9 10 0A Standby ON 11 0B Standby OFF 12 0C Standby (toggle) 15 0F Display 25 19 Stop Rewind 26 1A Stop Fast Forward 29 1D Repeat 32 20 Next Track 33 21 Previous Track 34 22 Next Index 35 23 Previous Index 36 24 Pla y Mode 41 29 Program 43 2B Fast Forward 50 32 Rewind 53 35 Play 54 36 Stop/Eject 55 37 Power OFF 58 3A Clear 59 3B A/B 60 3C SACD/CD 61 3D Select CD layer 62 3E Select SACD layer

The Power Off code was 63 decimal in Verdi v1.20 – 1.25. Some Pronto units were found to send code 20-63

for no apparent reason, so we changed the code to 55 decimal.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 60 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 61 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

USING YOUR dCS PURCELL FOR THE FIRST TIME

Thank you for purchasing this dCS Purcell. Before attempting to use your Purcell, please read at least the rest of this section and the “Step-by-Step

Guide” on page 10. This will enable you t o set the uni t up quick ly with your h i-fi system.

What’s in the Box?

The box should contain the following:

• dCS Purcell

• User Manual

• Control Summary

• Power Cable

• Spare Fuses (2)

Units supplied with a Remote Control (all models except Verona and Pu rcell) should also be supplied with the following:

• Remote Control unit

• 3 x AAA batteries

• Pozidriv screwdriver (1 pt)

For safety reasons, the Remote Control is shipped with the batteries packed separately. For fitting details, see the “Maintenance and Support” section, starting on page 64.

Units fitted with an IEEE 1394 interface

should also be supplied with the

following:

• IEEE 1394 cable assembly

• BNC cable

Check the contents of the inner carton very carefully against the list above. Notify your dealer as soon as possible if anything is missing or damaged. dCS suggest that all of the orig inal packaging is retain ed for use when transport ing any units. Replacement packaging can be ordered from dCS or our distributors.

Safety Notice

Purcell contains no user ser viceable parts. D o not attem pt to open the case as there are potentially dangerous voltages pres ent inside. In the event of the uni t developing a fault, please consult your dealer.

IMPORTANT! This equipment MUST be connected to a safety earth (or ground) via the

power cable.

The IEEE 1394 interface is an optional extra with Purcell or Delius units and is not yet available with Verona.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 62 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Mains Voltage Setting

Before connecting the power cable to your Purcell for the first time, please check that it has bee n set to the correct op erating voltag e for your local mains supply. 50Hz or 60Hz operation is not important – the unit can use either. The unit's present volta ge setting is sho wn on the label bene ath the ma ins inlet on the rear panel. If this does not match your local supply voltage, DO NOT attempt to use the unit. Co ntact your dealer to arrange to h ave the unit reset. Using the Purcell with the wrong mains setting for your local supply may result in serious dam age to the unit and will inva lidate the warranty. DO NO T attempt to reset the unit yourself.

IMPORTANT! Please use a sensible power cable, such as the one supplied with the unit.

Some audiophile power cables presently available are excessively heavy, their weight can damage the power inlet connector. Such damage is not covered by the warranty.

Positioning the Unit

Place Purcell on a firm, vibration f ree b as e s o as to allow convenie nt c on nec ti on to your digital source. W e suggest that you avoid siting Purcell either directly above or below preamplifiers or tuners, if either of these will be used in your system at the same time as Purcell.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 63 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

OPTIONS

The following options may be fitted to new units or retrofitted at a later date.

Option code Option

1394 IEEE 1394 interface

RC IR Remote Control

V5 Mains voltage set to 230/240V

V4 Mains voltage set to 215/220V

V3 Mains voltage set to 200V

V2 Mains voltage set to 115/120V

V1 Mains voltage set to 100V

Table 14 – Options available

IEEE 1394 Interface

We can fit an IEEE 1394 interfac e to enable t he unit to g enerate / recei ve DSD data on either of two 6-way connectors. The cos t of this option dep ends on the age of your unit. Note the ful l serial number of your unit and c ontact your dCS distributor for advice. This option must be fitted at dCS to allow full checking. For more inform ation, see “IEEE 1394 Over view” on page 56 and “Rear Panel” on page 37.

IR Remote Control

The infra-red Rem ote Control unit suppli ed with dCS Elgar Plus and Delius will also operate Purcell / Grieg. If you do not have a dCS DAC, the Rem ote Control is available through your dealer / distributor. See “Remote Control”, page 41.

Mains Supply Voltage

Any unit may be set f or op erati on f r om 230/240V, 215/220 V, 200V, 115/120 V or 100V A.C. Units are shi pped set for the mains s upply voltage accor ding to the destination. The voltage setting can be updated later by your dealer, if necessary. Specify the new country of use or the new voltage setting.

Having Your Options Changed

dCS support modifications, updates and opt ion changes to supp lied units . Major changes are norm all y carrie d o ut at dCS as we hav e ext ensive t est f acili ties and can verify the changes. Please contact your dealer / distributor or dCS for details.

IMPORTANT! Please do not attempt the changes yourself. The unit’s performance or

reliability may be impaired and the warra nty will be invalidated.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 64 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 65 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT

Service & Maintenance

dCS audio products are desig ned not to need reg ular m aintenance, a nd co ntain no user serviceable parts apart from the mains fuse.

Obtaining Service

If you experience problems with your Purcell, you should check the “Troubleshooting” s ection on page 70. You m ay be able to res olve the sit uation yourself (for example, by changing a menu setting).

If this does not resolve the problem, contact your authorised dCS dealer for advice, quoting the m odel, the full serial number ( see Serial on page 30), the software version number (see Issue on page 30) and giving a detailed description of the fault . If f urther actio n is nec ess ary, your dealer wil l advis e you fully.

Mains Fuse

There is a mains f use below the po wer inlet, ac cessible f rom the outside of the unit. If the fuse blows, it m ay be changed by the user . The cur rent cons umption of the unit is very low, so it only blows if po wer surges occur , or there is a f ault in the unit. Usuall y, power s urges cause no other damage, bu t if the fuse blows repeatedly on replacement, some other damage will have been done and the unit must be returned to dCS for repair.

Fuse Type: 20 x 5mm 0.5 amp T HRC fuse

IMPORTANT! If the fuse should fail, it is essential that it be replaced with one of the same

type and rating. Failure to do so could result in damage to the unit, risk of fire or electric shock and will invalidate the guarantee.

Replacing a Blown Fuse x

Referring to Figure 15, remove the power cable, use a small flat bladed screwdriver to pr y up the tab on the fuse c arrier (A) and pull it out. Push the blown fuse out of the c lip in the carrier (B) and dispose of it. Fit a new f use in the clip (C) and push t he carrier back into the unit so that it click s home. Spare fuses are provided with the unit.

Figure 15 – Changing the Mains Fuse

IMPORTANT! Disconnect the power cable before changing the fuse.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 66 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Fitting or Replacing the Batteries in the Remote Control

For safety reasons, the Remote Control is supplied with the 3 batteries packed separately. Any replacement batteries must be type AAA, MN2400 or equivalent alkaline leak-proof batteries.

Opening the battery compartment and removing batteries

do this: Turn the Rem ote Control unit over and r emove the 4 scr ews shown in Figure

16 using the 1-point Pozidriv sc rewdriver supplied. P lease do not use a Philips

head screwdriver as this will damage the screw heads. Lift off the battery cover.

Figure 16 – Removing the Remote Control battery cover

do this: To remove dischar ged batteries, press the + end back agains t the spring and

pull that end out of the unit. A small key or screwdriver may be used if the battery is a tight fit. Dispose of the discharged batteries safely.

Fitting new batteries and closing the case

do this: To fit a ne w battery, press the - end (the flat end) against one of the spr ing

contacts in the battery holder the n press the batter y into its s lot. Batter y polar ity is indicated on the battery holder and on the diagram below. Always fit a complete set of 3 new batteries.

AAA

1.5V

AAA

1.5V

Figure 17 – Changing the Remote Control unit batteries

IMPORTANT! Please ensure the batteries are fitted the right way around – failure to do so

may damage the Remote Control and invalidate the warranty. Damage caused by leaking batteries is not covered by the warranty.

do this: To re-assemble the case, fit the battery cover, ensuring the side with the

recessed holes is outward. Replace the 4 screws, taking care not to overtighten them. The Remote Control is ready for use.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 67 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Updating your Purcell

dCS products make extens ive use of sof tware configurable c hips – F PGAs and

DSPs. This gives us the ability to update our products to add extra features, update digital interface standards or make performance improvements by loading new software. Occasionally, a hardware update may be necessary also to increase the “capaci ty” of the elec tronics, add ex tra connectors or extra f ront panel controls.

Software Updates x

Please note that not all software upd ates make an earth-shatter ing c han ge. Yo u should have a clear idea of what you expect to gain before updating to the latest issue.

If the software loaded in your unit is (for example) version 3.45:

• A c hange to version 3. 46 ind icates a m inor update f or inter nal dCS use – to make testing easier, or more thoro ugh, or to c ater for som e minor hard ware change. Do not update your unit.

• A change to version 3.50 is a more serious update, offering extra functionality. If you want to use the extra features, update your unit. The manual will be updated for this (check the web-site).

• A change to version 4.00 is a m aj or update . It wil l re quire updated hard war e and the manual will be updated

If you have older hardware, some of the f eatures added by new soft ware may not be available due to (for example) a missing connector. For recent hardware, this is mentioned in the “Upgrader’s notes” in this manual. If you need the missing feature, contact your dealer or dCS to arrange a hardware update.

• If the software currently loaded includes a CD Update page, you can update the software yourself. Contact dCS for a CD and follow the instructions in the CD Update section on page 31, or the instructions supplied with the CD. The update program will check your hardware configuration and install the latest software compatible with it.

• If you do not have the CD Update feature loaded or have diff icult y with it, a dCS distributor can download f iles from a PC i nto any unit fitted with a SUC connector. Contact your dealer for details.

• For older units without a SUC connector, your distributor can install new firmware in your unit. Firmware updates are low-cost from dCS. Contact your dealer for details.

Hardware Updates x

You may wish to have your hardware updated from time to time to take advantage of new featur es in the latest s oftware. dCS offer this service - we will retest, reset any adjustable it ems to curr ent shipping standards , and install an y modifications or updates that have occurred since your unit was first shipped.

The price will depend on the hardware changes necessary – please contact your dealer or dCS for details and pricing. In order to ensure speedy turn around, please contact us prior to returning the unit to get a Service Return number.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 68 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Safety and Electrical Safety

There are no user ser viceable parts inside Purcell and so there is no need t o remove the covers. If for some reason you do:

IMPORTANT! Disconnect the power cable before removing any covers or changing the

fuse.

There are no substances hazardous to health inside Purcell.

Cleaning the Case

Do not apply any of the following cleaning products to the case as they will damage or alter the finish:

• Corrosive or abrasive agents

• Spirit or alcohol based cleaners

• Wax polish

do this: To remove dust, wipe with a moist, soft cloth. do this: To remove depos its from the case, first disc onnect the power cable th en spray

very lightly with a proprietary glass cleaner containing ammonia and wipe off gently with a soft cloth, t ak ing care t o avo id scratc hes. D o not spr a y the cleaner onto the connectors or the rear panel.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 69 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

TROUBLESHOOTING

Fault Indication

Purcell detects the following fault conditions:

Power interruption

If the AC supply is momentaril y interrupted or is m ore than 20% belo w it’s rat ed voltage, the unit disp la ys PowerDn and mutes the audio outputs to prot ect your loudspeakers from damage. This may be caused by loose AC power wiring, local power-line overlo ads or heavy-duty appl iances like air co nditioners. If th is message appears frequently (other than when switching the unit off), please consult your dealer.

Power up test errors

If Purcell detects a fault during its power up test routine, it will remain muted and display one of these messages:

• DSPs Not Loaded (#01)

• FPGAs Not loaded (#02)

• Bad Checksum. Press any key to attempt recovery (#03)

• DSP-Err1 (#04)

This can be caused by power line transients occurring during system configuration. For Bad Checksum, press any button to try to clear the fault. Otherwise, try switc hing off, wait ing 20 seconds , then s witching on again. If the fault persists, please consult your dealer.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 70 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Troubleshooting Guide

If you experience difficulties when using Purcell, the following suggest ions may help resolve the problem.

The unit fails to power up

• Ensure there is power available on the mains cable. Connect the power cable, press the Power button.

• Check the rated supply voltage s hown on the rear of the un it matches the local supply voltage.

• Chec k that the fuse has not blown - if so, correct an y obvious cause then replace the fuse as described on page 66.

The DAC suddenly mutes, Purcell repeats its’ power-up sequence

• This may be caused by short drop-o uts or brown-outs on the AC supply. When the disturbance has passed, normal operation should be restored.

• Check for loose mains wiring.

The unit fails to lock to a digital audio source or displays “No Input”

• Ensure the correct input is selected (see page 34).

• Chec k that the digital au dio cabl e is of the correct t ype, cor rectly conn ected

and not damaged. Damaged cables are a VERY common cause of malfunctions!

• Check that the source is switched on.

• Som e CD players do not generate a digi tal output unless the disc is playing

- set the player in PLAY mode and check that the unit locks.

• Occasionally, we find a CD player whose sample rate is outside the standard +/-300ppm tolerance specified for CD pl ayers. If Purcell locks to another source but not to your CD player, the player may need servicing.

• If you are using Master Clock, try slaving to the au dio inp ut. If the unit lock s, check the Wordclock connections and the WClk setting.

The display continuously shows “Locking”

• Check that a valid signal is connected to the selected digital input.

• Check that the digital cable is fully plugged in at both ends. Try another

cable if possible. Broken cables are a VERY common cause of faults.

The unit locks but no signal is received

• Check that the source device is in PLAY mode.

• Purcell may be receiving digital silence.

• If you are using a Master Clock or other external W ordclock , check that the

selected digital source is connected correctly.

Using a master clock, ticks and noises are heard on the outputs

• Chec k that the Mas ter Clock sam ple rate is th e sam e as the s ample rate of the source equipment connected to the selected input.

• Try setting WClk to Off.

• Check for faulty cables and ensure they are proper ly screened.

• If the output sample rat e is not t he same as the input s ample rat e, the D AC

(or other destination equipm ent) must NOT be synchronised to the master clock. Either slave it Purcell’s digital output or to Purcell’s Wordclock

Output.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 71 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Erratic operation when locked to 96 or 88.2kS/s on Toslink or ST inputs

• The T oslink and ST receiver devices are industr y standard t ypes which are not guaranteed to oper ate cor rec t l y at 96 or 8 8.2kS/s. Connect t o a different input instead.

The DAC locks but noise is received

• If the source is a CD or DVD player, check that the disc is a CD or DVD and NOT a CD-ROM or other type of data disc.

• Switch off the DAC, wait 30 seconds then switch it on again.

• Check for faulty cables.

The DAC fails to lock to Purcell's output at 88.2 or 96kS/s

• Check that the DA C is capable of loc king to these sam ple rates and that it is appropriately set up. Consult the manufacturer or your dealer if necessary.

• Check that the appropriate inputs have been selected on the DAC.

• Check whether the DAC uses a sin gl e wir e or t w o wire ( Dua l AE S) i nterf ac e

at these sample rates a nd th en set Purcell's Output Mode accordingly. If a two wire interface is used, check that both the AES 1 and AES 2 digital outputs have been connected to the DAC.

• Check that the digital cable (or cables) has been fully plugged in at both ends.

• Try a different cable if possible.

• Try setting Purcell to a n output sam ple rate of 44.1k S/s and s ee if the DAC

locks to single wire data. Now try using successively higher output sample rates until you get t o 96kS/s. Try 88.2 and 96k S/s with the Output Mode set to both Single and Dual AES. If the DAC locks to 44.1 and 48k S/s, but

not to 88.2 or 96kS/s, it may not be capable of working at these higher rates.

The Remote Control fails to control the unit

• The Remote Control is normally shipped with the batteries packed separately for safet y reasons. If you are using the Remote Contr ol for the first time, you must fit the batteries first - see page 67.

• If the Remote Contr ol has not been used for a long time or has gradually lost range, the batteries should be replaced - see page 67.

• If you have just replaced the batter ies but the un it sti ll does not wor k , check that the batteries are fitted the right way around - see page 67. If two or more batteries were f itted the wrong way around, th e Remote Control m ay be permanently damaged. If this occurs, contact your dealer for advice.

• For correct operation, there must be a clear line of sight between the infrared transmitter at the end of the Rem ote Contro l and t he rem ote c ontrol sensor in the main u nit, located on the left hand s ide of the display. If the line of sight is blocked (f or example by a coffee table) the Remote Control may operate erraticall y or not at all.

• While the un it is displa ying Locking or changing sample rates, the system timing is fluctuating and this may temporarily disrupt the operation of the Remote Control. Once the unit locks and returns to the default display, normal operation will be resumed.

• The Remote Control will operate Purcell only while the blue LED on the handset is lit. See page 41.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 72 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Output audio quality is poor

• Check that Output Wordlength is set correctly for the destination device. Outputting a longer wordlength than the destination device can accept wil l produce a grainy sound that is particularly unpleasant at low signal levels.

• If Out Word is not set to 24 bits, use Noise S haping (tr y setting it to Au to) and/or Dither.

• This can be caused by a very jittery source.

The DAC connected to the AES or SPDIF outputs reports an error

• Check that the DAC can receive t he sample rate tha t Purcell is outputting, in the appropriate (1 wire, 2 wire) format.

When playing a DVD, a short burst of noise is heard and the sample rates change

• We have found that som e DVDs have been compile d with tracks recor ded at different sample r ates (e.g. 9 6kS/s & 48kS/s) . There is n o warnin g of this sudden change in sam ple rate (this c ould be done b y using the Non-Audio flag or by changing the s ample rate code in the d ata stream), so the DAC tries to decode corr upted data momentaril y before registering loss of sync, muting and re-lock ing. The root cause of the pro blem is a lack of a formal interface standard covering sample rates above 48kS/s. When a new standard is agreed, Purcell’s software c an be upd ate d to c omply with it. This is unlikely to improve the situation with existing disks. Meanwhile, we suggest you reduce the volume at the end of the track where a change occurs and increase it when Purcell and the DAC display a new sample rate.

The DAC fails to lock to Purcell's output at 176.4 or 192kS/s

• Check that the dest ination device is able to work at these ra tes and that is appropriately set up. Check with the manufacturer or dealer if necessary.

• Check that the appropriate inputs have been selected on the destination device.

• Check that both of Purcell's AES 1 and AES 2 digital outputs have been connected to the DAC.

• Check that the digital cables have been fully plugged in at both ends.

• Try another pair of cables if possible.

The DAC output is monophonic

• If Purcell is set to Dual AES Output Mode, check that the DAC is set to receive Dual AES. Check that both AES 1 and AES 2 cables are c onnec ted and not faulty.

• If Purcell is set to Dual AES Output Mode, do not use the RCA or BNC outputs. Dual AES Outp ut Mode is automatically selected when you set

the output sample rate to either 176.4 or 192kS/s.

• The source disk / tape may actually be monophonic.

The stereo image is poor or out of position

• If you are using Dual A ES Output Mode check that the AES 1 and AES 2 cables are not swapped over.

• If your DAC is locked to either 88.2 or 96k S/s in Dual AES mode, c hec k that the Purcell output s ample rate is not set to eith er 44.1 or 48kS/s. If this is the case, set the Output s ample rate to 88.2 or 96kS/s as appr opriate and the Output Mode to Dual AES.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 73 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Channel Check, Phase Check and Burn-In do not work

• Check that the unit is locked to a digital signal.

• These features are not available in DSD mode.

Cannot Set Wordlength, Dither or Noise Shaping

• Check that the unit is not set to 176.4 kS/s or 19 2 kS/s output s ample rates. For these rates, Output Wordlength, Dither and Noise Shaping cannot be set – the unit is automatically set to 24 bits, no Dither or Noise Shaping.

• These features are not available in DSD mode.

Menu Timeout does not work

• Someone has turned the m enu timeout off, using rem ote software running on a PC. Open the Menu and run the Factory rout ine to res et ever ything to ex-factory settings.

The Display turns on briefly when a control is operated, then turns off

• This happe ns when the Display Brightness is set to Bright 0. Access the Menu and change Display Brightness to a different setting.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 74 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Troubleshooting the IEEE 1394 Interface

This section covers difficulties that may be encountered using a dCS Verdi SACD Transport (v1.20 or later), a dCS Verdi La Scala Upsampling SACD Transport or a dCS Purcell Upsam pler to drive a dCS Elgar Plus DAC (v4.20 or later) or Delius DAC (v2.20 or later) with DSD data over an IEEE 1394 interface.

Upsampler or Transport displays “Inactive”

• This can happen momentarily during locking. If it does not change to

Active, ope n the Transport or U psampler’s menu and ens ure the Transmit

page is set to Active.

The Unit keeps displaying “No Comms”

• This will appear briefly while the 1394 system is checking for connections.

• If the No Comms message does not cle ar, ensure that all units in the 1394

chain are switched on and securely connected by 1394 cables.

The Unit keeps displaying “Search..”

• This will appear briefly after the 1394 system has established communications.

• If the Search m essage does no t clear, ensur e that you have not connect ed both 1394 connectors from one unit to both 1394 connectors on another unit or set up a loop. This prevents the 1394 bus settling.

• Check that the 1394 cables are correctly fitted.

The DAC displays “Verdi Wordclock Missing”

• With the DAC in slave mode, check there is an undamaged BNC cable connecting Verdi’s WClk Out to the DAC’s WClk In.

• Ensure the cable is D.C. coupled. A.C. c oupled cables are not suitable f or use with Wordclock or SDIF.

The DAC displays “Missing Wordclock between Clk Out & Verdi Clk In”

• With the DAC in master mode, check there is an undam aged BNC cable connecting the DAC’s WClk Out to Verdi’s WClk In.

• Ensure the cable is D.C. coupled. A.C. c oupled cables are not suitable f or use with Wordclock or SDIF.

The DAC displays “Please check source slaved to DAC Wordclock Out”

• With the DAC in master mode, check there is an undam aged BNC cable connecting the DAC’s WClk Out to the source’s WClk In.

• Ensure the cable is D.C. coupled. A.C. c oupled cables are not suitable f or use with Wordclock or SDIF.

The DAC displays “Wrong Wordclock @ Verdi Clk In”

• Verdi / La Scala has detected a cloc k frequency other than 44.1k Hz on it’s

WClk In connector. Ensure the clock source is set to 44.1kHz.

• With the DAC in master mode, check there is an undam aged BNC cable connecting Verdi / La Scala’s WClk Out to the DAC’s WClk In.

• Ensure the cable is D.C. coupled. A.C. c oupled cables are not suitable f or use with Wordclock or SDIF.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 75 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

The DAC remains muted

• If the DAC is displaying the Volume setting , change the Disp menu page setting to Disp:Fs and check for error messages.

• If all else is in order, switch of f the Transport, the Ups ampler and the D AC then switch them on aga in. If this situation keeps recurring, please consu lt your dealer.

The DAC takes a long time to unmute

• The 1394 interface can take around 30 seconds to settle and unmute.

• Try setting the DAC to 1394 mode before setting the Upsampler to DSD

mode.

• If your system is in standby mode or s witched off, try turning the DAC on before the Upsampler or Transport.

If this information do es not resolve the problem, please c ontact your de aler for advice.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 76 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

IF YOU NEED MORE HELP

In the first instance, you should contact your dealer. If they ca nnot resolve the issue, contact dCS. Our office hours are 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Monday to Friday, UK time (GMT in Winter or GMT + 1hr in Summer). Contact us by phone or fax on:

Inside the UK Outside the UK Telephone Fax

Table 15 – dCS Contact Information

You can write to us at:

dCS Ltd Mull House Great Chesterford Court Great Chesterford Saffron Walden CB10 1PF UK

01799 531 999 +44 1799 531 999 01799 531 681 +44 1799 531 681

Other Information

Our email address: Our web-site is: www.dcsltd.co.uk The web-site is regu larly updated. You will find f ull details of all dCS products

here, plus the latest dCS news.

dCS produce technical notes from time to time, on issues related to ADCs, DACs and DDCs. If you are interested in these, please check our web-site.

more@dcsltd.co.uk

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 77 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

INDEXES AND SOFTWARE VERSION NUMBERS

Software History

This manual is for Purcell software version 2.2x. Version 2.2x differs from 2.1x versions as follows:

• (Units with 1394 optio n only) DSD mode is now selected from the Output button instead of the Out Mode menu.

• 1394 ID menu added to identify multiple 1394 sources.

• After a Factory reset, the output mode and sample rate are set to match

the other dCS units in the system.

• 1394 operation generally improved, system messages changed.

• Temp menu added.

Version 2.1x differs from 2.0x versions as follows:

• menu order rearranged.

• improved IEEE 1394 interface behaviour.

Version v2.0x differs from 1.2x versions in supporting DSD at 2.822MS/s over the optional IEEE 1394 interface. (Upgrader’s note: units m anufactured befor e April 2001 will r equire a hardware update to support these extra features.)

Version 1.25 adds support for a Toslink input, Wordclock In & Out. (Upgrader’s note: u nits manufactured earlier th an February 2001 will re quire a hardware update to support these extra features.)

Version 1.23 adds support for the front panel Power button. The differences between versions 1.22 and 1.20 are minor bug fixes and

hardware compatibility updates. The main differences between versions 1.20 and 1.1x are 3 downsampling

combinations added, support for the infra-red Remote Control, Auto Noise Shaping option added, Bit-for-bit (Clone) mode added, De-Emphasis added, Long Time-Out option added and Message handling improved.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 78 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Definitions and Abbreviations

ADC Analogue to D igital Converter, som etimes referred

to as an A/D Converter.

AES3 A standard profes sional stereo di gital audio format

consisting of one serial PCM data line. It uses a balanced cable to extend transmission distance and includes a comprehensive messaging system.

DAC Digital to An alogue Converter, som etimes referred

to as a D/A Converter.

dB A relative signal level or ratio in decibels. The

context may indicate the reference level.

dB0 Level in decibels, referred to a f ull scale si ne wave

in a sampled system. So, 0dB0 is full scale.

dBu A signal level relative to 0.775V rms, making no

allowance for external loading.

DDC Dig ital to Digital Converter, sometimes referred to

as a D/D Converter.

DSD Direct Stream Digital - a single bit digital audio

format, sampled at 2.822MS/s.

kS/s Sample rate in kilo-samples per second. This

replaces kHz, which is technically incorrect when referring to sample rates.

SDIF-2 Sony Digital InterFace – a stereo digital audio

format consisting of 2 serial PCM or DSD data lines. Usually used with a Word Clock.

SPDIF Sony / Philips Digital InterFace – a stereo digital

audio format for consumer equipment, consisting of one serial PCM data lin e. Similar to AES3, but unbalanced and with different messaging.

Word Clock A synchronisation signal consisting of a square-

wave, the frequency of which is the sample rate. Usually transmitted through co-axial cable and BNC connectors.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 79 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Key to Cable Identification

If you are reading a colour print or a soft copy of this manual, cable types shown in figures can be identified from Table 16.

Cable Type Colour / Style

XLR Analogue Brown, solid RCA Phono Analogue Br o wn, lo ng dash

XLR Digital (AES3) Blue, solid BNC Digital Pale blue, solid RCA Phono Digital (SPDIF) Pale blue, short dash Optical (SPDIF) Dark magenta, solid

IEEE 1394 Red, solid

Sync Link Green, sol id Wordclock Dark green, solid AES Reference Dark green, long dash GPS Reference Dark green, short dash

RS-232 Purple, solid

Table 16 – Cable colours and styles

Where more than one cable of any type is used in a drawing, they can be identified by a coloured sleeve at the source and a c oloured arrow hea d at the destination.

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 80 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

List of Tables

Table 1 – Recommended Output Wordlength, Noise Shaping and Dither

Settings.............................................................................................................. 23

Table 2 – Auto Noise Shaping settings ............................................................. 24

Table 3 – AES/EBU Interface Electrical Characteristics ................................... 44

Table 4 – SPDIF Interface Electrical Characteristics ........................................ 44

Table 5 – Optical Interfaces Electrical Characteristics......................................44

Table 6 – Wordclock Interface Electrical Characteristics.................................. 44

Table 7 – IEEE 1394 Interface Electrical Characteristics.................................. 45

Table 8 – Typical SFDR for each Combination................................................. 46

Table 9 – Valid In/Out Combinations and Number of Filter Options Available . 47

Table 10 – Power consumption for consumer products....................................48

Table 11 – Size and weight for consumer products .......................................... 48

Table 12 – Noise Added by Dither Types .......................................................... 50

Table 13 – Dither and Noise Shaping Noise Powers........................................ 53

Table 14 – Options available.............................................................................64

Table 15 – dCS Contact Information.................................................................. 77

Table 16 – Cable colours and styles ................................................................. 80

List of Figures

Figure 1 – Upsampling to 24/96 single wire ...................................................... 12

Figure 2 – Upsampling to 24/192 Dual AES...................................................... 13

Figure 3 – Upsampling to DSD using an IEEE 1394 interface.......................... 14

Figure 4 - Using Elgar Plus in Master Mode with a 1394 Purcell and Verdi ...... 16

Figure 5 - Using Elgar Plus in Master Mode with a standard Purcell and Verdi 17

Figure 6 – Upsampling to Dual AES.................................................................. 18

Figure 7 – Menu flow chart................................................................................ 20

Figure 8 – dCS Purcell Front Panel.................................................................... 34

Figure 9 – dCS Purcell Rear Panel .................................................................... 37

Figure 10 – The Remote Control....................................................................... 41

Figure 11 – Filter 1 Response Curves for Conversions from 44.1kS/s.............45

Figure 12 – Typical Spectrum for 44.1kS/s to176.4kS/s Conversion................ 46

Figure 13 – Noise Shaping and Dither Spectra................................................. 55

Figure 14 – Truncation Only Spectra................................................................. 55

Figure 15 – Changing the Mains Fuse .............................................................. 66

Figure 16 – Removing the Remote Control battery cover................................. 67

Figure 17 – Changing the Remote Control unit batteries.................................. 67

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 81 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

Keywords and Phrases

1394 ID menu..........................................23, 78

1394 interface..........................................39, 56

1394 interface option.....................................64

1394 interface, disabling................................22

1394 interface, synchronising........................56

1394 interface, troubleshooting.....................75

1394 output, connecting................................14

1394 source identification..............................23

24/192..............................................................3

24/96................................................................3

24bit indicator ................................................35

active bits.......................................................26

Active message .............................................75

ADC...............................................................79

AES 1 output............................................38, 51

AES 2 output............................................38, 51

AES input.......................................................37

AES input, selecting ......................................11

AES messaging.............................................51

AES/EBU.......................................................37

AES3..............................................................79

automatic input selection...............................56

Bad CD! message .........................................32

Bad Checksum message.........................32, 70

batteries for remote control............................67

batteries, polarity ...........................................67

bit-for-bit.........................................................26

blank display............................................27, 74

blue LED, remote...........................................41

BNC input ......................................................37

Bright x menu ................................................27

Burn In menu.................................................29

burn-in fails....................................................74

burn-in routine................................................29

button, Display, remote..................................42

button, Filter, remote .....................................42

button, Function.............................................36

button, Function, remote................................42

button, Input...................................................34

button, Input, remote .....................................42

button, Menu Select.................................21, 36

button, Menu Step ...................................21, 35

button, Menu Step Back ..........................21, 35

button, Output................................................35

button, Power.................................................34

button, Purcell, remote ..................................41

button, Standby, remote ................................42

buttons, up/down, remote..............................42

cable identification ........................................ 80

cables........................10, 37, 38, 39, 71, 72, 73

cannot change wordlength............................ 23

cannot record from SPDIF output.................39

cannot set cloning......................................... 26

cannot set de-emphasis................................ 27

cannot set dither ..................................... 24, 74

cannot set filter.............................................. 22

cannot set noise shaping........................24, 74

cannot set out mode ..................................... 25

cannot set wordlength................................... 74

Caution message.......................................... 29

CD player problems ...................................... 71

CD Update is interrupted .............................. 32

CD Update menu .......................................... 31

CD, upsampling .............................................. 3

Ch.Check menu ............................................ 28

changing options........................................... 64

channel check fails........................................ 74

channel check routine................................... 28

cleaning the case.......................................... 69

clock cleaning ............................................... 47

clocking......................................................... 47

clone mode ................................................... 26

closing the Function Menu............................ 21

connecting the outputs.................................. 12

connector, Power Link .................................. 39

contact information..................................30, 77

Contact menu................................................ 30

contents of box.............................................. 62

crystal oscillator ............................................ 47

d xxx message..............................................35

DAC...............................................3, 35, 73, 79

DAC mutes.................................................... 71

DAC non audio mute..................................... 35

DAC remains muted, 1394 input................... 76

DAC takes time to unmute, 1394 input......... 76

dB.................................................................. 79

dBu................................................................ 79

DDC .......................................................... 3, 79

de-emphasis ........................................... 27, 51

definitions......................................................79

digital interface specifications....................... 44

Disp menu..................................................... 26

display blanking ............................................ 27

display brightness ......................................... 27

Display button, remote..................................42

display defaults ............................................. 26

display shows locking ................................... 71

display test routine........................................29

display, main................................................. 35

displaying format........................................... 26

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 82 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

displaying sample rate...................................26

dither..................................... 50, 52, 53, 55, 73

dither menu....................................................24

dither type......................................................24

dither, noise added........................................50

dither, NS triangular.......................................50

dither, recommended settings.......................23

dither, top hat.................................................50

dither, triangular.............................................50

do not use RCA or BNC outputs ...................26

do not use with Dual AES..............................39

downsampling..........................................23, 78

DSD.........................................3, 39, 45, 56, 79

DSD mode.....................................................78

DSD output mode..........................................11

DSD output, connecting.................................14

DSD, using.....................................................16

DSP-Err1 message........................................70

DSPs Not Loaded message..........................70

Dual AES.............................. 25, 38, 45, 72, 73

Dual AES output mode..................................11

Dual AES outputs, connecting.......................13

Dual AES, do not use with.............................39

Dual AES, setting ..........................................11

Dual AES, using ......................................17, 18

DUAL indicator ..............................................36

DVD, sample rates ........................................73

DVD, upsampling .............................................3

dynamic range...............................................46

earthing..........................................................62

emphasis .................................................27, 51

factory default settings...................................33

Factory menu.................................................33

fails to lock to outputs....................................72

fault indication................................................70

filter....................................................22, 42, 47

Filter button, remote ......................................42

filter, interpolation ............................................3

filters, number of............................................47

first-time use..................................................62

Found Track message...................................32

FPGAs Not Loaded message........................70

frequency response.......................................45

front panel......................................................34

Fs=??? message..........................................25

full scale.........................................................79

Function button..............................................36

Function button, remote.................................42

Function Menu...............................................21

Function Menu, closing..................................21

Function Menu, opening................................21

Function Menu, using ....................................21

fuse, mains ....................................................66

fuse, replacing ...............................................66

fuse, spare.....................................................62

grounding...................................................... 62

guide to basic setup...................................... 10

hardware updates ......................................... 68

HDCD............................................................ 26

Henry Purcell (1659-1695).............................. 4

IEEE 1394..................................................... 39

IEEE 1394 interface.................................. 3, 56

IEEE 1394 interface option........................... 64

improvements from upsampling...................... 3

In Word menu ............................................... 26

Inactive message.......................................... 75

indicator, 24bit............................................... 35

indicator, DUAL............................................. 36

indicator, input............................................... 36

indicator, NS ................................................. 35

indicator, PWR..............................................35

indicator, Status ............................................ 35

indicator, STBY.............................................35

indicator, WCLK............................................ 36

Input button................................................... 34

Input button, remote...................................... 42

input indicator................................................ 36

input selection......................................... 11, 34

input selection, automatic ............................. 56

input wordlength indicator............................. 26

input wordlength is 0..................................... 26

input, AES..................................................... 37

input, BNC..................................................... 37

input, optical.................................................. 38

input, RCA..................................................... 37

input, wordclock ............................................ 38

Issue menu ................................................... 30

issue, software.............................................. 30

jitter ......................................................... 38, 73

jitter, low frequency....................................... 47

learning remotes ........................................... 58

lock failure at 176.4 or 192kS/s .................... 73

lock-in time.................................................... 47

Locking message.......................................... 35

locking problems........................................... 71

Locking… message.....................................25

Loud message .............................................. 29

main display............................................ 27, 35

mains supply voltage option.......................... 64

maintenance ................................................. 66

master clock............................................ 38, 71

master clock, locking problems..................... 71

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 83 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

master clock, using........................................25

master mode DAC, using ........................16, 17

Menu Select button........................................21

Menu Step Back button ...........................21, 35

Menu Step button ....................................21, 35

menu time out..........................................21, 27

menu times out too soon...............................27

menu, 1394 ID...............................................78

message........................................................51

message, Active ............................................75

message, emphasis.......................................27

message, handling ........................................51

message, Inactive..........................................75

message, Missing Wordclock between Clk Out

…................................................................75

message, No Comms....................................75

message, Please check source slaved to DAC

Wordclock Out ...........................................75

message, Search...........................................75

message, Verdi Wordclock Missing ..............75

message, Wrong Wordclock @ Verdi Clk In.75 Missing Wordclock between Clk Out …

message from DAC....................................75

mode, output............................................25, 38

mode, standby...............................................34

mono output...................................................73

music by Purcell ..............................................5

N.Shape menu...............................................24

No Comms message.....................................75

No Input message .........................................35

no signal ........................................................71

No Track message ........................................32

noise..................................................49, 50, 52

noise floor, lower ...........................................53

noise on outputs ............................................72

noise performance.........................................24

noise shaping............ 24, 35, 49, 52, 53, 55, 73

noise shaping, recommended settings..........23

noise, quantisation.........................................52

Non Seq message.........................................32

non-audio.......................................................51

non-audio flag................................................51

normal display................................................26

NS indicator...................................................35

opening the Function Menu...........................21

operating conditions ......................................48

optical input....................................................38

option, IEEE 1394 interface........................... 64

option, remote control....................................64

options...........................................................64

options, changing ..........................................64

Out Mode menu.............................................25

Out Word menu .............................................23

Output button.................................................35

output mode.............................................25, 38

output mode, setting ..................................... 11

output wordlength ......................................... 23

output, AES 1................................................ 38

output, AES 2................................................ 38

output, RCA .................................................. 38

output, wordclock..........................................38

outputs, connecting to................................... 12

packaging...................................................... 66

packaging, replacement................................ 62

performance, noise ....................................... 24

Ph.Check menu ............................................ 28

phase check fails .......................................... 74

phase check routine...................................... 28

phase locked loop.........................................47

Please check source slaved to DAC Wordclock

Out message from DAC............................75

Please Start CD message ............................ 32

positioning the unit........................................ 63

Power button................................................. 34

power inlet..................................................... 39

power interruption......................................... 70

Power Link connector ................................... 39

power off ....................................................... 34

power on ....................................................... 34

power requirements ...................................... 48

power switch ................................................. 39

power up failure ............................................ 71

PowerDn message.................................. 34, 70

powering up .................................................. 10

programmable logic ........................................ 3

pull-in range .................................................. 47

Purcell button, remote................................... 41

Purcell LED, remote...................................... 41

Purcell, music by............................................. 5

PWR indicator............................................... 35

RC5 codes .................................................... 58

RCA input...................................................... 37

RCA output ................................................... 38

rear panel...................................................... 37

remote control.............................41, 67, 72, 78

remote control codes .................................... 58

remote control option .................................... 64

remote control sensor ............................. 35, 72

remote control, batteries ............................... 72

remote control, replacing batteries ............... 67

remote control, using .................................... 41

resetting to factory state................................ 33

Revert to Slave message ............................ 25

Ring DAC........................................................ 3

roll-off............................................................ 45

safety............................................................. 62

safety, electrical ............................................ 69

sample clock ................................................. 47

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 84 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

sample rate. 3, 9, 37, 38, 45, 51, 71, 72, 73, 79

sample rate changes .....................................73

sample rate combinations..............................47

sample rate, output............................23, 35, 38

SDIF-2 ...........................................................79

Search message............................................75

Select button............................................21, 36

selecting a single wire input...........................11

selecting an input...........................................11

Serial menu....................................................30

serial number, full ..........................................30

serial number, short....................................... 40

service ...........................................................66

setting Dual AES ...........................................11

setting output mode.......................................11

setting, supply voltage...................................63

settings after Factory reset............................33

settings, Auto Noise Shaping ........................24

single AES.....................................................25

Single AES output, connecting......................12

single wire output mode.................................11

size ................................................................48

software issue................................................30

software update by CD..................................31

software updates ...........................................68

software upgrade connector..........................39

software, version ...........................................78

source name, 1394........................................23

source, synchronising to................................47

SPDIF......................................................51, 79

SPDIF input, selecting...................................11

SPDIF inputs............................................37, 38

SPDIF output.................................................38

SPDIF output, connecting..............................12

specification...................................................44

specification, AES3 I/O..................................44

specification, IEEE 1394 interface.................44

specification, optical I/O.................................44

specification, SPDIF I/O ................................44

specification, wordclock.................................44

spectrum, upsampling ...................................46

spurious free dynamic range.........................46

ST optical input option...................................72

Standby button, remote .................................42

standby mode....................................34, 35, 42

Status indicator........................................34, 35

STBY indicator...............................................35

Step button ....................................................21

step-by-step guide.........................................10

SUC connector ..............................................39

supply voltage option.....................................64

supply voltage setting..............................40, 63

swap channels...............................................28

switch, power.................................................39

sync to wordclock ..........................................25

synchronising 1394 interface.........................56

system burn-in...............................................29

technical information..................................... 52

technical notes.............................................. 77

Temp menu................................................... 30

temperature scale ......................................... 30

temperature, internal..................................... 30

temperature, operating.................................. 48

Test menu..................................................... 29

ticks and noises ............................................ 71

time-out......................................................... 74

time-out fails.................................................. 74

Timeout menu............................................... 27

Toslink input..................................................78

Toslink optical input ...................................... 72

Track n message .......................................... 32

transfer function, staircase............................ 52

Transmit menu.............................................. 22

troubleshooting ....................................... 70, 71

troubleshooting 1394 interface ..................... 75

truncating the wordlength.............................. 15

truncation .............................. 23, 24, 49, 52, 55

truncation spectra ......................................... 54

up/down buttons, remote .............................. 42

updates ................................................... 40, 68

updates, hardware ........................................ 68

updates, software.......................................... 68

updating software by CD............................... 31

updating your Purcell.................................... 68

upgrader’s note....................................... 37, 78

upgrades......................................................... 3

upsampling................................................ 3, 23

upsampling spectrum.................................... 46

upsampling, improvements............................. 3

using DSD..................................................... 16

using Dual AES....................................... 17, 18

using for the first time.................................... 62

using with Verdi and Elgar Plus..............16, 17

VCXO............................................................ 47

Verdi Wordclock Missing message from DAC

................................................................... 75

Vx.xx message.............................................. 32

WCLK indicator............................................. 36

WClk menu ................................................... 25

weight............................................................ 48

Word Clock ................................................... 79

wordclock..........................................25, 71, 78

wordclock input ............................................. 38

wordclock output........................................... 38

wordclock, external ....................................... 71

wordclock, sync to......................................... 25

wordlength .......................................... 3, 51, 73

wordlength, input........................................... 26

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 85 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

dCS Purcell User Manual Manual for Software Issue 2.2x dCS Ltd September 2004

wordlength, output.........................................23

wordlength, reduction ..............................15, 52

Wrong CD message ......................................32

wrong emphasis flag......................................27

Wrong Wordclock @ Verdi Clk In message

from DAC................................................... 75

Wrong! message........................................... 32

Manual filename: Purcell Manual v2.2x.doc Page 86 email: more@dcsltd.co.uk English version web-site: www.dcsltd.co.uk

DCS (AUDIO) PURCELL User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual