Datasheet TL494CN, TL494CDR2, TL494CD, TL494IN Datasheet (Motorola)

  
  

The TL494 is a fixed frequency, pulse width modulation control circuit

designed primarily for SWITCHMODE power supply control.

• Complete Pulse Width Modulation Control Circuitry

• On–Chip Oscillator with Master or Slave Operation

• On–Chip Error Amplifiers

• On–Chip 5.0 V Reference

• Adjustable Deadtime Control

• Uncommitted Output Transistors Rated to 500 mA Source or Sink

• Output Control for Push–Pull or Single–Ended Operation

• Undervoltage Lockout

Order this document by TL494/D



SWITCHMODE

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

CONTROL CIRCUIT

SEMICONDUCTOR

TECHNICAL DATA

D SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 751B

(SO–16)

MAXIMUM RATINGS

unless otherwise noted.)

Power Supply Voltage V
Collector Output Voltage VC1,

Collector Output Current

(Each transistor) (Note 1)
Amplifier Input Voltage Range V
Power Dissipation @ TA ≤ 45°C P
Thermal Resistance,

Junction–to–Ambient
Operating Junction Temperature T
Storage Temperature Range T
Operating Ambient Temperature Range

TL494C

TL494I
Derating Ambient Temperature T

NOTE: 1.Maximum thermal limits must be observed.

(Full operating ambient temperature range applies,

Rating Symbol TL494C TL494I Unit

IC1, I

N SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 648

PIN CONNECTIONS

Noninv

1

Input

Input

Compen/PWN

CC

V

C2

C2

IR

D

R

θJA

J

stg

T

A

A

42 V
42 V

500 mA

–0.3 to +42 V

1000 mW

80 °C/W

125 °C

–55 to +125 °C

°C

0 to +70

–25 to +85

45 °C

Comp Input

Deadtime

Control

Ground

ORDERING INFORMATION

Device

TL494CD SO–16
TL494CN
TL494IN

+

Error
Amp

Inv

–

2

3

≈

0.1 V

4

C

5

T

Oscillator

R

6

T

7

C1

89

Operating

Temperature Range

TA = 0° to +70°C

TA = – 25° to +85°C

1

2

V

CC

Q1

(Top View)

Error

Amp

5.0 V
REF

+

–

Q2

Noninv

16

Input
Inv

15

Input
V

14

ref

Output

13

Control
V

12

CC

C2

11

E2

10

E1

Package

Plastic
Plastic

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

 Motorola, Inc. 1996 Rev 1

1

TL494

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

Power Supply Voltage V
Collector Output Voltage VC1, V
Collector Output Current (Each transistor) IC1, I
Amplified Input Voltage V
Current Into Feedback Terminal l
Reference Output Current l
Timing Resistor R
Timing Capacitor C
Oscillator Frequency f

CC

fb

ref

osc

7.0 15 40 V

C2

C2

in

T
T

– 30 40 V
– – 200 mA

–0.3 – VCC – 2.0 V

– – 0.3 mA
– – 10 mA

1.8 30 500 kΩ

0.0047 0.001 10 µF

1.0 40 200 kHz

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V

For typical values TA = 25°C, for min/max values TA is the operating ambient temperature range that applies, unless otherwise noted.

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

REFERENCE SECTION

Reference Voltage (IO = 1.0 mA) V
Line Regulation (VCC = 7.0 V to 40 V) Reg
Load Regulation (IO = 1.0 mA to 10 mA) Reg
Short Circuit Output Current (V

OUTPUT SECTION

Collector Off–State Current

(VCC = 40 V, VCE = 40 V)

Emitter Off–State Current

VCC = 40 V, VC = 40 V, VE = 0 V)

Collector–Emitter Saturation Voltage (Note 2)

Common–Emitter (VE = 0 V, IC = 200 mA)
Emitter–Follower (VC = 15 V, IE = –200 mA)

Output Control Pin Current

Low State (VOC ≤ 0.4 V)
High State (VOC = V

Output Voltage Rise T ime

Common–Emitter (See Figure 12)
Emitter–Follower (See Figure 13)

Output Voltage Fall T ime

Common–Emitter (See Figure 12)
Emitter–Follower (See Figure 13)

NOTE: 2. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient temperature as possible.

ref

= 0 V) I

ref

)

= 15 V, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ, unless otherwise noted.)

CC

4.75 5.0 5.25 V
– 2.0 25 mV
– 3.0 15 mV

15 35 75 mA

– 2.0 100 µA

– – –100 µA

–
–

–
–

–
–

–
–

I

C(off)

I

E(off)

V

sat(C)

V

sat(E)

I

OCL

I

OCH

ref

SC

t

t

line

load

r

f

1.1

1.5

10

0.2

100
100

25
40

1.3

2.5

–

3.5

200
200

100
100

V

µA

mA

ns

ns

2

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

TL494

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (V

For typical values TA = 25°C, for min/max values TA is the operating ambient temperature range that applies, unless otherwise noted.

Characteristics Symbol Min Typ Max Unit

ERROR AMPLIFIER SECTION

Input Offset Voltage (VO
Input Offset Current (VO
Input Bias Current (VO
Input Common Mode Voltage Range (VCC = 40 V, TA = 25°C) V
Open Loop Voltage Gain (∆VO = 3.0 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2.0 kΩ) A
Unity–Gain Crossover Frequency (VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2.0 kΩ) f
Phase Margin at Unity–Gain (VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2.0 kΩ) φ
Common Mode Rejection Ratio (VCC = 40 V) CMRR 65 90 – dB
Power Supply Rejection Ratio (∆VCC = 33 V, VO = 2.5 V, RL = 2.0 kΩ) PSRR – 100 – dB
Output Sink Current (VO
Output Source Current (VO

PWM COMPARATOR SECTION (Test Circuit Figure 11)

Input Threshold Voltage (Zero Duty Cycle) V
Input Sink Current (V

DEADTIME CONTROL SECTION (Test Circuit Figure 11)

Input Bias Current (Pin 4) (V
Maximum Duty Cycle, Each Output, Push–Pull Mode

(V

= 0 V, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ)

Pin 4

(V

= 0 V, CT = 0.001 µF, RT = 30 kΩ)

Pin 4

Input Threshold Voltage (Pin 4)

(Zero Duty Cycle)
(Maximum Duty Cycle)

OSCILLATOR SECTION

Frequency (CT = 0.001 µF, RT = 30 kΩ) f
Standard Deviation of Frequency* (CT = 0.001 µF, RT = 30 kΩ) σf
Frequency Change with Voltage (VCC = 7.0 V to 40 V, TA = 25°C) ∆f
Frequency Change with Temperature (∆TA = T

(CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ)

UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT SECTION

Turn–On Threshold (VCC increasing, I

TOTAL DEVICE

Standby Supply Current (Pin 6 at V

(VCC = 15 V)
(VCC = 40 V)

Average Supply Current

(CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ, V
(VCC = 15 V) (See Figure 12)

(Pin 3)

= 2.5 V) V

(Pin 3)

= 2.5 V) I

(Pin 3)

= 2.5 V) I

(Pin 3)

= 0.7 V) I

(Pin 3)

= 3.5 V) IO+ 2.0 –4.0 – mA

(Pin 3)

= 0.7 V) I

= 0 V to 5.25 V) IIB

Pin 4

, All other inputs and outputs open)

ref

(Pin 4)

= 15 V, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 kΩ, unless otherwise noted.)

CC

IO
IO
IB

ICR

VOL

C–

m

O–

TH

I–

(DT)

DC

max

V

th

osc

osc

(∆V) – 0.1 – %

osc

to T

low

= 1.0 mA) V

ref

= 2.0 V)

high

)

∆f

(∆T) – – 12 %

osc

th

I

CC

– 2.0 10 mV
– 5.0 250 nA
– –0.1 –1.0 µA

–0.3 to VCC–2.0 V

70 95 – dB

– 350 – kHz
– 65 – deg.

0.3 0.7 – mA

– 2.5 4.5 V

0.3 0.7 – mA

– –2.0 –10 µA

45

–

–
0

– 40 – kHz
– 3.0 – %

5.5 6.43 7.0 V

–
–

– 7.0 –

48
45

2.8
–

5.5

7.0

50
50

3.3
–

10
15

%

V

mA

mA

* Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula, σ

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

N
Σ (Xn – X

n = 1

N – 1

2

)

3

TL494

Figure 1. Representative Block Diagram

R

T

6

5

C

T

4

Deadtime
Control

Output Control

13

D

Ck

UV

Flip–

Flop

Q

Q

–
+

–
+

3.5V

4.9V

Ref.

Output

Reference

Regulator

Gnd

Oscillator

Deadtime
Comparator

0.12V

0.7V

0.7mA

+

1

–

12 3 1516 14 7

Error Amp

1

Feedback PWM

Comparator Input

–
+

–
+

PWM
Comparator

+

2

–

Error Amp

This device contains 46 active transistors.

Lockout

2

Q1

Q2

8

9

11

10

12

V

CC

V

CC

Capacitor C

Feedback/PWM Comp.

Deadtime Control

T

Flip–Flop

Clock Input

Flip–Flop

Q

Flip–Flop

Q

Output Q1

Emitter

Output Q2

Emitter

Output

Control

Figure 2. Timing Diagram

4

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

TL494

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Description

The TL494 is a fixed–frequency pulse width modulation
control circuit, incorporating the primary building blocks
required for the control of a switching power supply. (See
Figure 1.) An internal–linear sawtooth oscillator is frequency–
programmable by two external components, RT and CT. The
approximate oscillator frequency is determined by:

≈

1.1

RT • C

T

f

osc

For more information refer to Figure 3.

Output pulse width modulation is accomplished by
comparison of the positive sawtooth waveform across
capacitor CT to either of two control signals. The NOR gates,
which drive output transistors Q1 and Q2, are enabled only
when the flip–flop clock–input line is in its low state. This
happens only during that portion of time when the sawtooth
voltage is greater than the control signals. Therefore, an
increase in control–signal amplitude causes a corresponding
linear decrease of output pulse width. (Refer to the Timing
Diagram shown in Figure 2.)

The control signals are external inputs that can be fed into
the deadtime control, the error amplifier inputs, or the
feedback input. The deadtime control comparator has an
effective 120 mV input offset which limits the minimum output
deadtime to approximately the first 4% of the sawtooth–cycle
time. This would result in a maximum duty cycle on a given
output of 96% with the output control grounded, and 48% with
it connected to the reference line. Additional deadtime may
be imposed on the output by setting the deadtime–control
input to a fixed voltage, ranging between 0 V to 3.3 V.

may be used to sense power–supply output voltage and
current. The error–amplifier outputs are active high and are
ORed together at the noninverting input of the pulse–width
modulator comparator. With this configuration, the amplifier
that demands minimum output on time, dominates control of
the loop.

When capacitor CT is discharged, a positive pulse is
generated on the output of the deadtime comparator, which
clocks the pulse–steering flip–flop and inhibits the output
transistors, Q1 and Q2. With the output–control connected to
the reference line, the pulse–steering flip–flop directs the
modulated pulses to each of the two output transistors
alternately for push–pull operation. The output frequency is
equal to half that of the oscillator. Output drive can also be
taken from Q1 or Q2, when single–ended operation with a
maximum on–time of less than 50% is required. This is
desirable when the output transformer has a ringback
winding with a catch diode used for snubbing. When higher
output–drive currents are required for single–ended
operation, Q1 and Q2 may be connected in parallel, and the
output–mode pin must be tied to ground to disable the
flip–flop. The output frequency will now be equal to that of the
oscillator.

The TL494 has an internal 5.0 V reference capable of
sourcing up to 10 mA of load current for external bias circuits.
The reference has an internal accuracy of ±5.0% with a
typical thermal drift of less than 50 mV over an operating
temperature range of 0° to 70°C.

Figure 3. Oscillator Frequency versus

Timing Resistance

500 k

Functional T able

Input/Output

Controls

Grounded Single–ended PWM @ Q1 and Q2 1.0

@ V

Push–pull Operation 0.5

ref

Output Function

f

out

f

osc

=

The pulse width modulator comparator provides a means
for the error amplifiers to adjust the output pulse width from
the maximum percent on–time, established by the deadtime
control input, down to zero, as the voltage at the feedback pin
varies from 0.5 V to 3.5 V. Both error amplifiers have a
common mode input range from –0.3 V to (VCC – 2V), and

VCC = 15 V

µ

100 k

10 k

, OSCILLAT OR FREQUENCY (Hz)f

osc

1.0 k
500

1.0 k 2.0 k 5.0 k 10 k 20 k 50 k 100 k 200 k 500 k 1.0 M

CT = 0.001

0.01

µ

0.1

RT, TIMING RESISTANCE (

F

µ

F

F

Ω

)

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

5

TL494

Figure 4. Open Loop V oltage Gain and

Phase versus Frequency

120
110
100

90
80

70
60
50
40
30

, OPEN LOOP VOL TAGE GAIN (dB)

20

VOL

10

A

0

1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 M

A

VOL

f, FREQUENCY (Hz)

VCC = 15 V

∆

VO = 3.0 V

Ω

RL = 2.0 k

Figure 6. Percent Duty Cycle versus

Deadtime Control Voltage

50

40

30

20

10

0

% DC, PERCENT DUTY CYCLE (EACH OUTPUT)

0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5

1

2

VDT, DEADTIME CONTROL VOLTAGE (IV)

VCC = 15 V
VOC = V

ref

1. CT = 0.01 µF

2. RT = 10 k

2. CT = 0.001 µF

2. RT = 30 k

Figure 5. Percent Deadtime versus

Oscillator Frequency

20
18

0
20
40
60
80

φ

100
120

, EXCESS PHASE (DEGREES)

140

φ

160
180

16
14
12
10

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0
0

% DT , PERCENT DEADTIME (EACH OUTPUT)

500 k 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 500 k

f

, OSCILLAT OR FREQUENCY (Hz)

osc

CT = 0.001 µF

µ

F

0.001

Figure 7. Emitter–Follower Configuration

Output Saturation Voltage versus

Emitter Current

1.9

1.8

1.7

Ω
Ω

1.6

1.5

1.4

, SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)

1.3

1.2

CE(sat)

V

1.1

0 100 200 300 400

IE, EMITTER CURRENT (mA)

Figure 8. Common–Emitter Configuration

Output Saturation Voltage versus

Collector Current

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

, SATURATION VOLTAGE (V)V

0.8

CE(sat)

0.6

0.4
0 100 200 300 400

IC, COLLECTOR CURRENT (mA)

6

Figure 9. Standby Supply Current

versus Supply V oltage

10

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

, SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)

CC

2.0

I

1.0
0

0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

VCC, SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

TL494

Figure 10. Error–Amplifier Characteristics Figure 11. Deadtime and Feedback Control Circuit

VCC = 15V

150

C1
E1

C2

E2

Ref
Out

150

2W

2W

Output 1

Output 2

Error Amplifier

Under Test

+

V

in

V

ref

–

+
–

Other Error

Amplifier

Feedback

Terminal

(Pin 3)

Test

Inputs

50k

V

Deadtime
Feedback

R

T

C

T

(+)
(–)

Error

(+)
(–)

Output
Control

CC

Gnd

Figure 12. Common–Emitter Configuration

Test Circuit and Waveform

15V

R

L

68

V

Each
Output
Transistor

90%

V

CC

10%

C

Q

E

t

r

C

L

15pF

90%

t

f

C

10%

Figure 13. Emitter–Follower Configuration

Test Circuit and Waveform

15V

C

Each

Gnd

Output
Transistor

90%

10%

Q

V

E

R

L

68

t

r

t

f

C

15pF

90%

V

10%

EE

L

EE

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

7

TL494

Figure 14. Error–Amplifier Sensing T echniques

V

O

To Output
Voltage of
System

R1

1

+

Error

V

ref

R2

2

Amp

–

Positive Output Voltage

VO = V

1 +

ref

3

R

1

R

2

Negative Output Voltage

VO = V

Error
Amp

ref

Figure 15. Deadtime Control Circuit Figure 16. Soft–Start Circuit

Output
Control

R

Output

V

ref

Q

R

T

6

D

T

C

T

5

1

4

R

2

Output

Q

1

+

–

2

R

1

R

2

V

ref

4

D

T

V

ref

R2

R1

V

To Output

Voltage of

System

R

S

O

C

S

Output

Control

0 ≤ VOC ≤ 0.4 V

30k

Max. % on Time, each output

0.001

≈

45 –

80

1 +

R1
R2

Figure 17. Output Connections for Single–Ended and Push–Pull Configurations

1

Q

Single–Ended

Q

C

1

1

E

2

C

2

2

E

Q

C

1.0 mA to
500 mA

Q

E

2.4 V ≤ VOC ≤ V

Output

Control

ref

Push–Pull

1

C

Q

1

Q

2

1.0 mA to 250 mA

1

E

2

C

1.0 mA to 250 mA

2

E

8

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

TL494

Figure 18. Slaving T wo or More Control Circuits Figure 19. Operation with Vin > 40 V Using

V

ref

External Zener

R

T

+Vin = 8.0V to 20V

33k

0.01

0.01

1M

15

16

C

1

2

3

T

4.7k

6

R

T

5

C

T

V

ref

6

R

T

5

C

T

Master

Slave
(Additional
Circuits)

Figure 20. Pulse Width Modulated Push–Pull Converter

12

V

+

–

Comp
–

+

OC V

REF

13144567910

4.7k

+

10k

TL494

DT CTRTGnd E1E

10

0.001

CC

15k

270

V

CC

12

5.0V
Ref

Gnd

7

+VO = 28 V

IO = 0.2 A

22

k

+

50

35V

4.7k

+

50

1.0

35V

R

S

Vin > 40V

47

8

C

1

11

C

2

2

Tip

32

Tip

32

47

+

50

25V

T

1

VZ = 39V

1N4934

L

1

1N4934

1N975A

240

Test Conditions Results

Line Regulation Vin = 10 V to 40 V 14 mV 0.28%
Load Regulation Vin = 28 V, IO = 1.0 mA to 1.0 A 3.0 mV 0.06%
Output Ripple Vin = 28 V, IO = 1.0 A 65 mV pp P.A.R.D.
Short Circuit Current Vin = 28 V, RL = 0.1 Ω 1.6 A
Efficiency Vin = 28 V, IO = 1.0 A 71%

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

All capacitors in

µ

F

L1 – 3.5 mH @ 0.3 A

T1 – Primary: 20T C.T. #28 AWG

T1 – Secondary: 12OT C.T. #36 AWG
T1 – Core: Ferroxcube 1408P–L00–3CB

9

TL494

Figure 21. Pulse Width Modulated Step–Down Converter

+Vin = 10V to 40V

+

50

50V

0.001

Tip 32A

47

150

12

V

CC

TL494

C

R

T

564137910

D.T. O.C. Gnd E1E

T

47k

8

C1C

11

2

Comp

–
+

V

ref

–

2

+

14
15
16

1.0mH @ 2A

47k

0.1

1.0M

3
2

1

5.1k 5.1k

5.1k

150

0.1

MR850

500

10V

+VO = 5.0 V

+

+

IO = 1.0 A

50

10V

Test Conditions Results

Line Regulation Vin = 8.0 V to 40 V 3.0 mV 0.01%
Load Regulation Vin = 12.6 V , IO = 0.2 mA to 200 mA 5.0 mV 0.02%
Output Ripple Vin = 12.6 V, IO = 200 mA 40 mV pp P.A.R.D.
Short Circuit Current Vin = 12.6 V, RL = 0.1 Ω 250 mA
Efficiency Vin = 12.6 V, IO = 200 mA 72%

10

MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

–A–

916

B

18

F

C

S

H

G

D

16 PL

0.25 (0.010) T

K

M

–A–

16 9

–B–

18

G

K

–T–

SEATING

PLANE

D

16 PL

0.25 (0.010) A

M

S

B

T

TL494

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

N SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 648–08

ISSUE R

L

SEATING

–T–

PLANE

J

M

A

D SUFFIX

PLASTIC PACKAGE

CASE 751B–05

(SO–16)
ISSUE J

8 PLP

0.25 (0.010) B

C

S

M

R

X 45

M

NOTES:

1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.

2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.

3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.

4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.

5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.

DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX

A 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55
B 0.250 0.270 6.35 6.85
C 0.145 0.175 3.69 4.44
D 0.015 0.021 0.39 0.53
F 0.040 0.70 1.02 1.77
G 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC

M

S

_

F

J

H 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC
J 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38
K 0.1 10 0.130 2.80 3.30
L 0.295 0.305 7.50 7.74
M 0 10 0 10
S 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01

NOTES:

1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER
ANSI Y14.5M, 1982.

2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.

3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.

4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.

5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.

DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX

A 9.80 10.00 0.386 0.393
B 3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157
C 1.35 1.75 0.054 0.068
D 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019

F 0.40 1.25 0.016 0.049

G 1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC

J 0.19 0.25 0.008 0.009
K 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009
M 0 7 0 7
P 5.80 6.20 0.229 0.244
R 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019

MILLIMETERSINCHES

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INCHESMILLIMETERS

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MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

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TL494

Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty , representation or guarantee regarding
the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and
specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “T ypical” parameters which may be provided in Motorola
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must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of
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was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

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MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

TL494/D

*TL494/D*