The SP782 and SP784 are monolithic programmable voltage converters that produce a
positive and negative voltage from a single supply. The SP782 and SP784 are programmable
such that the charge pump outputs either a ±10V voltage or a ±5V voltage by control of two
pins. Both products require four (4) charge pump capacitors to support the resulting output
voltages. The charge pump architecture (U.S. 5,760,637) is fabricated using a low power
BiCMOS process technology.
The SP782 and SP784 charge pumps can be powered from a single +5V supply. The low
power consumption makes these charge pumps ideal for battery operated equipment. Both
offer a shutdown feature that saves battery life. A system can essentially have four (4) different
supply voltages from a single battery. Typical applications are handheld instruments,
notebook and laptop computers, and data acquisition systems.
These are stress ratings only and functional operation
of the device at these ratings or any other above those
indicated in the operation sections of the specifications
below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may
affect reliability.
These are stress ratings only and functional operation
of the device at these ratings or any other above those
indicated in the operation sections of the specifications
below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods of time may
affect reliability.
The SP782/784's charge pump design is based
on Sipex's original patented charge pump design (5,306,954) which uses a four–phase voltage shifting technique to attain symmetrical
10V power supplies. In addition, the SP782/784 charge pump incorporates a "programmable" feature that produces an output of ±10V
or ±5V for VSS and VDD by two control pins, D0
and D1. The charge pump requires external
capacitors to store the charge. Figure 1 shows
the waveform found on the positive and negative side of capcitor C2. There is a free–running
oscillator that controls the four phases of the
voltage shifting. A description of each phase
follows.
Phase 1 (±10V)
— VSS charge storage — During this phase of
the clock cycle, the positive side of capacitors
C1 and C2 are initially charged to +5V. C
then switched to ground and the charge on C
is transferred to C
+5V, the voltage potential across capacitor C
–
. Since C
2
+
is connected to
2
+
is
l
is now 10V.
Phase 1 (±5V)
— VSS & VDD charge storage and transfer —
With the C1 and C2 capacitors initially charged
to +5V, C
charge on C
capacitor. Simultaneously the C
to ground and 5V charge on C
to the VDD storage capacitor.
+
is then switched to ground and the
l
–
is transferred to the VSS storage
1
–
is switched
2
+
is transferred
2
Phase 2 (±10V)
— VSS transfer — Phase two of the clock
connects the negative terminal of C2 to the V
storage capacitor and the positive terminal of
SS
C2 to ground, and transfers the generated –l0V
or the generated –5V to C3. Simultaneously,
the positive side of capacitor C 1 is switched to
+5V and the negative side is connected to
ground.
Phase 2 (±5V)
— VSS & VDD charge storage — C
reconnected to VCC to recharge the C
capacitor. C
connected to C3. The 5V charge from Phase 1 is
+
is switched to ground and C
2
+
is
1
–
is
2
now transferred to the VSS storage capacitor.
VSS receives a continuous charge from either C
or C2. With the C1 capacitor charged to 5V, the
cycle begins again.
Phase 3
— VDD charge storage — The third phase of the
clock is identical to the first phase — the charge
transferred in C1 produces –5V in the negative
terminal of C1, which is applied to the negative
side of capacitor C2. Since C
voltage potential across C2 is l0V. For the 5V
output, C
potential on C2 is only +5V.
+
is connected to ground so that the
2
2
Phase 4
— VDD transfer — The fourth phase of the
clock connects the negative terminal of C2 to
ground and transfers the generated l0V or the
generated 5V across C2 to C4, the VDD storage
capacitor. Again, simultaneously with this, the
positive side of capacitor C1 is switched to +5V
–
and the negative side is connected to ground,
1
and the cycle begins again.
2
Since both VDD and VSS are separately generated from VCC in a no–load condition, VDD and
VSS will be symmetrical. Older charge pump
approaches that generate V– from V+ will show
a decrease in the magnitude of V– compared to
V+ due to the inherent inefficiencies in the
design.
The oscillator frequency or clock rate for
the charge pump is designed for low power
operation. The oscillator changes from a high
frequency mode (400kHz) to a low frequency
mode (20kHz) when the SD pin goes to a logic
"1". The lower frequency allows the SP782/SP784 to conserve power when the outputs are
not being used.
EFFICIENCY INFORMATION
A charge pump theoretically produces a doubled
voltage at 100% efficiency. However in the real
world, there is a small voltage drop on the output
which reduces the output efficiency. The SP782
and SP784 can usually run 99.9% efficient without driving a load. While driving a 1kΩ load, the
SP782 and SP784 remain at least 90% efficient.
Figure 5. Charge Pump Phase 2 for ±5V.
VCC = +5V
++
C
1
+10V
C
2
––
C
4
+
–
V
DD
+
–
V
SS
C
3
Storage Capacitor
Storage Capacitor
Figure 7. Charge Pump Phase 4.
save board space, lower values will reduce the
output drive capability.
The output voltage ripple is also affected by the
capacitors, specifically C3 and C4. Larger values will reduce the output ripple for a given load
of current. The current drawn from either output
is supplied by just the storage capacitor, C3 or
C4, during one half cycle of the internal oscillator. Note that the output current from the postive
charge pump is the load current plus the current
taken by the negative charge pump. Thus the
formula representation for the output ripple
voltage is:
V
V
RIPPLE
RIPPLE
+ = {1 / (f
– = {1 / (f
) * 1 / C3} * 0.5 * I
OSC
) * 1 / C3} * 0.5 * I
OSC
OUT
OUT
+
–
Total Output Voltage Efficiency =
[(V
+) / (2*VCC)] + [(V
OUT
V
+ = 2*VCC + V
OUT
V
– = –2*VCC + V
OUT
V
– = (I–)*(R
DROP
V
+ = (I+)*(R
DROP
Power Loss = I
OUT
OUT
OUT
*(V
OUT
DROP
DROP
–)
+)
DROP
–) / (–2*VCC)] ;
+
–
)
The efficiency changes as the external charge
pump capacitors are varied. Larger capacitor
values will strengthen the output and reduce
output ripple usually found in all charge pumps.
Although smaller capacitors will cost less and
To minimize the output ripple, the C3 and C4
storage capacitors can be increased to over 10µF
whereas the pump capacitors can range from
1µF to 5µF.
Multiple SP782/784 charge pumps can be
connected in parallel. However, the output
resistance on both pump outputs will be
reduced. The effective output resistance is the
output resistance of one pump divided by the
number of charge pumps connected. It is
important to keep the C1 and C2 capacitors
separate for each charge pump. The storage
capacitors, C3 and C4, can be shared.
10
Page 11
SHUTDOWN MODE
The internal oscillator of the SP782 and SP784
can be shutdown through the SD pin. In this
state, the VDD and VSS outputs are inactive and
the power supply current reduces to 10µA.
LATCH ENABLE PIN
The SP782 and SP784 includes a control pin
(LAT) that latches the D0 and D1 control lines.
Connecting this pin to a logic HIGH state will
allow transparent operation of the D0 and D1
control lines. This input can be left floating
since there is an internal pull-up resistor which
will allow the latch to be transparent.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The SP782 and SP784 can be used in various
applications where ±10V is needed from a +5V
source. Analog switches, op-amp power supplies, and LCD biasing are some applications
where the charge pumps can be used.
The charge pump can also be used for supplying
voltage rails for RS-232 drivers needing ±12V.
The ±10V output from the charge pump is more
than adequate to provide the proper VOH and
VOL levels at the driver output.
The RS-423 driver output voltage range is
±4.0V to ±6.0V. When the SP524 transceiver is
programmed to RS-423 mode (V.10), the charge
pump now provides ±5V, through D0 and D1,
thus allowing the driver outputs to comply with
VOC ≤ 6.0V as well as the VT requirement of
±4.0V minimum with a 450Ω load to ground.
In older configurations, separate DC sources
needed to be configured or regulated down from
±10V to ±5V in a given application. A typical
charge pump providing VDD and VSS would
require external clamping such as 5V Zener
diodes. RS-423 (V.10) is usually found in
RS-449, EIA-530, EIA-530A, and V.36 modes.
When the control lines D0 and D1 are both at a
logic HIGH, VDD = +5V and VSS = -5V. All
other inputs to the control lines result in VDD =
+10V and VSS = -10V. Control of the SP784 in
an application with Sipex's SP524 can be found
in Figure 8.
Figure 8 shows how the SP784 can be used
in conjunction with the SP524 multiprotocol
transceiver IC. The programmability is ideal for
RS-232 and RS-423 levels. The RS-232 driver
output voltage swing ranges from ±5V to ±15V.
In order to meet this requirement, the charge
pump must generate ±10V to the transceiver IC.
SP782CP .......................................................................... 0°C to +70°C ..................................................................................... 16-pin Plastic DIP
SP784CP .......................................................................... 0°C to +70°C ..................................................................................... 16-pin Plastic DIP
SP782CT ........................................................................... 0°C to +70°C .............................................................................................. 16-pin SOIC
SP784CT ........................................................................... 0°C to +70°C .............................................................................................. 16-pin SOIC
Please consult the factory for pricing and availability on a Tape-On-Reel option.
Corporation
SIGNAL PROCESSING EXCELLENCE
Sipex Corporation
Headquarters and
Sales Office
22 Linnell Circle
Billerica, MA 01821
TEL: (978) 667-8700
FAX: (978) 670-9001
e-mail: sales@sipex.com
Sales Office
233 South Hillview Drive
Milpitas, CA 95035
TEL: (408) 934-7500
FAX: (408) 935-7600
Sipex Corporation reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein. Sipex does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product or circuit described hereing; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.