The RF3404 is a fully-functional, integrated dual-band
downconverter module for tri-mode CDMA applications.
The module, which uses SiGe technology, features two
complete RF downconverters with low noise amplifiers,
RF S AW filters, TX LO buffers, and RF matching for PCS
and cellular band frequencies. Additionally, a divide-by-2
prescaler is integrated to allow the use of a single-band
VCO. Multiple gain control options are available to conserve current and meet IS-98B specifications. The mixer
design allows for a common IF filter for CDMA cellular
and PCS operation, and a second output for the FM output. IF matching is external to the module.
DUAL-BAND/TRI-MODE CDMA
LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER/MIXER MODULE
0.5
0.6
CDMAIF+
22
CDMAIF-
23
FM
IF+
FM IF-
DIV
ENABLE
LO IN VCC3
28
PCS LO
OUT
1
21
BAND
SEL
44
ENABLE
29
CELL LO
OUT
SEL
SET
48
IF
IP
VCC4
43
TX BUFFER
ENABLE
30
LNA
GAIN
MIXER
GAIN
8.00
sq.
VCC1
15
39
14
38
35
34
Noteorientation of Pin 1.NOTE: Shaded area representsPin1.
RF Micro Devices, Inc.
7628 Thorndike Road
Greensboro,NC 27409, USA
Mixer Module
Tel (336) 664 1233
Fax (336) 664 0454
http://www.rfmd.com
FRONT-ENDS
Rev A1 010918
8-33
Page 2
RF3404
Absolute Maximum Ratings
ParameterRatingUnit
Supply Voltage-0.5 to +5.0V
Input LO and RF Levels+6dBm
Operating Ambient Temperature-30 to +85°C
Storage Temperature-40 to +150°C
DC
Preliminary
Caution! ESD sensitive device.
RF Micro Devices believes the furnishedinformation is correct and accurate
at the time of this printing. However, RF Micro Devicesreserves the right to
make changes to its products without notice. RF Micro Devices does not
assume responsibility for the use of the described product(s).
8
Parameter
Min.Typ.Max.
Overall
RF Frequency Range869 to 894MHz
IF Frequency Range0.1 to 400MHz
LO Input Level-10-70dBm
Cellular Band (CDMA)
Specification
1930 to 1990MHz
UnitCondition
T= 25°C, VCC=2.75V
RF Freq=869MHz to 894MHz
LO Freq=1053MHz to 1078MHz
LNA On
Gain23.025.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
24.5dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
16.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
15.0dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp
Noise Figure2.02.5dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
2.1dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
4.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF am p OFF
4.5dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp
Input IP3-9.0dBmLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
-8.0dBmLNA set for Nomin al IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
FRONT-ENDS
1.5dB mLN A set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
2.0dBmLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp
+10.0dBmLNA only, set for max IIP3
OFF
OFF
OFF
LNA Off
Gain5dBMixer RF amp ON
-3dBMixer RF amp OFF
Noise Figure15dBMixer RF amp ON
22dBMixer RF amp OFF
Input IP3+10.0dBmMixer RF amp ON
+20.0dBmMixer RF amp OFF
8-34
Rev A1 010918
Page 3
Preliminary
RF3404
Parameter
Cellular Band (FM)
Min.Typ.Max.
Specification
UnitCondition
RF Freq=869MHz to 894MHz
LO Freq=1053MHz to 1078MHz
LNA On
Gain23.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
23.0dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
13.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
13.0dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp
Noise Figure2.12.6dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
2.2dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
5.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
5.0dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp
Input IP3-8.0dBmLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
-8.0dBmLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp ON
3.5dB mLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
4.0dB mLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amp
PCS Band
OFF
OFF
OFF
RF Freq=1930MHz to 1990MHz
LO Freq=2114MHz to 2174MHz
LNA On
Gain23.025.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amplifier ON
24.0dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; MixerRF amplifier
16dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
15dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; MixerRF amplifier
Noise Figure2.22.7dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amplifier ON
2.3dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amplifier
5.0dBLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
6.0dBLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amplifier
Input IP3-12.0-8.5dBmLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amplifier ON
-7.5dBmLNA set for Nominal IIP3; Mixer RF amplifier
2dBmLNA set for max IIP3; Mixer RF amp OFF
1dBmLNA set for Nominal IIP3; MixerRF amplifier
+10.0dBmLNA only, set for max IIP3
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
LNA Off
Gain5dBMixer RF amplifier ON
-4dBMixer RF amplifier OF F
Noise Figure15dBMixer RF amplifier ON
22dBMixer RF amplifier OFF
Input IP3+10.0dBmMixer RF amplifier ON
+20.0dBmMixer RF amplifier OFF
8
FRONT-ENDS
Rev A1 010918
8-35
Page 4
RF3404
Preliminary
8
Parameter
Min.Typ.Max.
Specification
UnitCondition
Isolation (PCS, Cellular
CDMA, Cellular FM)
LO to IF Isolation15dB
LO to RF Isolation35dB
LO Output to LO Input Isolation30dB
RF to LO Input Isolation20dB
RF to LO Output Isolation30dB
IF to RF Isolation40dB
Transmit Band Rejection20dB
Gain (dB)251624.5154-325152415.55-4
Noise Figure (dB)2.042.14.515222.25.02.361522
Input IP3 (dBm)-91.5-82+10+20-8.52-7.51+10+20
Total Current29.523.52822241829.523.528222418
LNA at Max IIP3 LNA at Nom IIP3LNA at Ma x IIP3 LNA at Nom IIP3
Cellular FM011XX
Cellular CDMA001XX
PCS CDMA101XX
Power Down111XX
Power Down 2XX0XX
TX Buffer EnabledXX11X
Divider EnabledXX1X1
Gain Control Logic
LNA ModeMixer ModeLNA GAINMIX GAINIP SET
High GainHigh Gain111
High Linearity (off-chip)
High GainLow Gain101
High Linearity (off-chip)
High GainHigh Gain110
Low Linearity (on-chip)
High GainLow Gain100
Low Linearity (on-chip)
Low GainHigh Gain01X
Low GainLow Gain00X
FRONT-ENDS
Rev A1 010918
8-37
Page 6
RF3404
Preliminary
PinFunctionDescriptionInterface Schematic
1PCSLO
PCS LO output. Internal DC block.
OUT
2CELLLO
Cellular LO output. Internal DC block.
OUT
3GND
4MIXER
GAIN
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Logic input. Controls switch around mixer pream p. High selects maxi-
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
PCS LNA VCC. External bypass capacitor between 10pF and 47nF
required.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Cellular LNA input. Internally ma tched to 50Ω. DC-blocking internal to
module.
PCS LNA input. Internally matched to 50Ω. DC-blocking internal to
module.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Cellular LNA VCC. External bypass may be required.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
Low-inductance ground r equired.
CDMA IF output. Open collector. “Current combiner” IF interface to
SAW filter recommended.
V
CC
CELL LNA IN
V
CC
PCS LNA IN
CDMA+CDMA-
23CDMA IF-
8-38
CDMA IF output. Open collector. “Current combiner” IF interface to
SAW filter recommended.
See pin 22.
Rev A1 010918
Page 7
Preliminary
RF3404
PinFunctionDescriptionInterface Schematic
24FM IF+
FM IF output. Open collector. “Current combiner” IF interface to SAW
filter recommended.
Logic input. High selects FM IF outputs in cellular mode; low selects
CDMA IF outputs.
IF SEL
8-39
Page 8
RF3404
Preliminary
PinFunctionDescriptionInterface Schematic
46IP SET
Logic input. High selects maximum IIP3 mode.
IP SET
8
FRONT-ENDS
47GND
48VCC3
Low-inductance ground r equired.
VCC connection for internal LO amplifiers. Internal RF bypass capaci-
tor. External bypass between 1nF and 47nF may be required.
Outline Drawing
0.2500
1.6000
1.60
0.25
22
CDMA IF+
BAND SEL VCC4
CDMA IF-
44
23
FM IF+
0.10
0.1000
1.50
8.00
1.5000
8.0000
IF SEL
24
45
FM IF-
IP SET
25
46
Divider Enable
26
LO INVCC3
48
27
28
PCS
LO OUT
1
TX BUFFER
ENABLE
ENABLE
29
Cell
LO OUT
24
43
LNA
GAIN
3031
MIXER
GAIN
1.50
1.5000
0.50
0.5000
GND
16
VCC1
39
38
35
34
15
LNA IN
12
LNA IN
VCC2
PCS
11
8
0.60
Cell
1.00
9
0.50
8-40
8.00
8.0000
Rev A1 010918
Page 9
Preliminary
RF3404
Overview
Why Design with Receive Modules?
The RF3404 is a fully integrated dual-band, tri-mode
module contains an LNA, RF image-rejection SAW filter, mixer, mixer preamplifier, and local oscillator (LO)
buffer amplifiers as shown in the block diagram. The
module also contains all of the RF matching components, bias-setting components, and decoupling components required. The differentialIF output matching is
external to the module in part due to the varying range
of IFs used by customers and the physical size of IF
SAW filters. The module, which measures only
DC
2
of PCB
supply.
2
8.0 m mx8.0 m m and takes up only 64mm
area, is less than half the size of available alternative
solutions, which typically occupy over 200mm
board area. The RF3404 is control-compatible with
existing IF-to-baseband solutions.
Electrical Design Over view
The heart ofthe module is the RF2489 SiGe monolithic
microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) based on a highperformance silicon germanium (SiGe) process. The
SiGe process is capable of fabr icating transistors with
an Ft of 47 GHz. The module achieves 30dB of gain
control in the 880MHz band. The gain-control range is
obtained with switches around the LNA and mixer
preamplifier. By itself, the cellular LNA features 15dB
small-signal gain and a typical noise figure of 1.1dB
when drawing 6mA current from a +2.75V
A CMOS-enabled control line makes it possible to
select an increased LNA input third-order intercept
point of +10dBm to meet the cross modulation requirements of the IS-95B CDMA specification. The
RF3404's LNA is followed by a miniature RF SAW filter.
It provides RF image rejectionas well as transmit-band
rejection. All impedance matching to the RF SAW filter
is contained within the module. The module's RF2489
SiGe MMIC contains two high-frequency mixers that
handle downconversion of the CDMA and AMPS signals at 880MHz. The module provides a common IF
port for the CDMA cellular and PCS band output signal
and a separate IF output port for the AMPS-band IF
signal. The mixers and their integrated preamplifiers
achieve a noise figure of 7dB, gain of 14dB, and input
third-order intercept point of +3dBm. A bypass switch
around the m ixer preamplifier is integrated to support
those systems using a two-step gain approach for
meeting the three test conditions of IS-95B intermodulation performance
The 1960MHz PCS CDMA signal path is similar to the
cellular path in many ways. The PCS LNA has a typical
gain of 16dB with a noise figure of 1.3dB. The LNA can
also be bypassed and also has a setting for high input
third-order intercept point of +8dBm. The PCS mixer
features 13 dB gain, 7dB noise figure, and input thirdorder intercept point of +3dBm. Again, all of the RF
impedance matching to the LNA and SAW filters is
included in the module.
The RF3404 module is flexible enough to accommodate either single or dual voltage-controlled-oscillator
(VCO) architectures. The cellular band has the select-
of
able option of running the LO directly to the cellular
mixers or routed through a divide-by-2 frequency prescalerforsystemsthathavemigratedtoasingleVCO
architecture. A buffered transmit LO output with
-12dBm output poweris also supplied for both the PCS
and cellular bands. The RF3404 requires an input LO
power range of -10dBm to -4dBm. The LO input port is
matchedto50Ω. The LO outputs can be tied together
externally to support single transmit LO a pplications
and each is matched to 50Ω.
Mechanical Layout Overview
The RF3404 is builtaround a laminate module technology geared to high-volume manufacturing and the low
cost structure mandated by the wireless industry. RF
Micro Devices has already built millions of power
amplifier (PA) modules using the same materials sets,
supply chain, and m anufacturing rules used for the
RF3404.
The module is overmolded with a compound that has a
finished overall thickness of 1.6mm. The backside pattern of the 8.0mmx8.0mm module is a 48-pin land grid
array (LGA) with a double row of input/output(I/O) connections to ease trace routing as shownin the interface
outline drawing. A total of 21 of these I/O pads are
actual signal interconnections, with the remainder
being ground connections.
The I/O pads are a generous 0.5mmx0.6mm in size
on a 1.0mm pitch. The outer ring of I/O pads contains
all of the RF connections along with the voltage supply
and some control lines. The inner ring of I/Os contains
only DC control signal lines and V
1.5 m m square ground pad in the center of the module
backplane supplies additional RF grounding and also
assures a very robust mechanical attachment to the
cellular/PCS telephone PCB. The dual row I/Os aid in
the telephone PCB layout by reducing the number of
connections. A
CC
8
FRONT-ENDS
Rev A1 010918
8-41
Page 10
RF3404
Preliminary
8
traces required to converge on the perimeter of the
module. Routing is eased by viaholes that can be
placed between the inner row of connections and the
center ground pad in the cellular/PCS telephone PCB.
Why Use Integrated Modules?
Decreased Board Area
Table A shows a comparison between the leading four
design approaches for dual-band/tri-mode CDMA front
ends:
1. discrete LNAs and discrete mixers with off-chip
matching for each component,
2. single band cellular and PCS LNA/Mixer MMICs
with off-chip matching,
3. single MMIC dualband chips with off-chip matching
and finally
4. fully integrated modules like the RF3404.
Table A summarizes the number of SMD components
for each approach as well as the typical amount of
phone board space required for a complete layout.The
RF3404 represents a 50 percent to 70 percent reduction in the amount of board space required when compared with the most highly integrated chip solutions on
the market today. Furthermore, it represents the largest percentage improvement in board space savings
for any of the other increased integration gains in
recent years.
Reduced BOM Counts
Another area where one can see marked improvement
is in BOM reduction. The RF3404 reduces the BOM
FRONT-ENDS
from the most highly integrated alternatives available
today that contain approximately 25 components to
only three. The three are VCC-bypassing capacitors
that depend on the frequency response of the phone
board power supply and a resistor.
Simplify the Supply Chain
The supply chain can be significantly simplified with
the elimination of two dozen components that would
not need to be source selected, qualified, purchased,
received, stored, coordinated or delivered to the factory floor.
Decreased Engineering and Product Cycle Time
With a single module solution the RF engineering
required to design the front end is significantly
reduced. The RF3404 module allows for a design-in
solution meeting all of the IS95B requirements, which
requires significantly less engineering.
Decreased Assembly Costs
Accordingly, assembly costs are also reduced. With
SMD placement costs running in the range of 1.0cents
to 1.3cents per placement and with the placement of
die packages, SAWs, and modules costing even more
per placement, one can eliminate somewhere around
35 cents from the cost of assembly with modules and
improve factory throughput.
Improve Phone Level Yield
Known good RF performance at the module level is
available with integrated modules that have been RF
tested. Phone level yield can be improved, in addition
to the improvement in yield from placing two dozen
fewer components.
Improved Reliability
Mechanical attachment and reliability is improved with
this module technology due to a variety of factors. The
first is the elimination of numerous components and
thus solder joints, which directly aids overall phone reliability. Another important factor is the matched coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the laminate
module and the cellular/PCS telephone PCB that eliminates much of the solder stress potential found in lowtemperature-cofired-ceramic (LTCC) or chip-scale
modules and should provide the most robust solution
for the stringent mechanical shock and drop tests that
mobile telephone hardware must survive.
Table A. Comparison of Alternate CDMA Front-End Solution Approaches
Number of Components*
Level of IntegrationCapsResistorsInductorsSawsTotal
Components
RF3404 Module2100367
Dual Band Integrated MMIC1147224~200
Single Band Integrated MMIC1986235~280
LNA/Mixer Discrete Solution2486240~350
*Does not include IF matching components to IF SAW filters.
8-42
Board Area
(sq. mm)
Rev A1 010918
Page 11
Preliminary
RF3404
Evaluation Board Schemati c
C11
10 pF - 47 nF
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
P1
COMPONENT1
P1-11
P1-8
P1-7
P1-6
P1-5
P1-4
P1-3
P1-2
P1-1
VCC
J1
CDMA OUT
VCC
J2
FM OUT
P1-3
P1-8
J5
LO INPUT
C12
33 nF
C22
33 nF
L1
390 nH
82 nH
C17
10 pF
0402
L4
180 nH
C21
15 pF
C14
0805
R1
L2
0603
10 kΩ
0402
0603
L3
0603
72 nH
0402
R2
2.4 kΩ
12 pF
C15
10 pF
0402
C18
15 pF
C19
15 pF
0402
0402
J6
PCS LO
OUTPUT
0402
P1-4 P1-5 P1-11P1-11
P1
VCC1
39
38
35
34
PCS LNAIN
CELL LNAIN
R3
5.1 Ω
P1-11P1-2P1-7P1-1P1-11
14
12
11
VCC2
15
9
8
Note orientation of pin 1
0402
LNA HB INPUT
LNA LB INPUT
3404400, Rev. 4
J3
J4
8
P1-6
22
CDMAIF+
CDMAIF-
23
FM IF+
FM IF-
DIV ENABLE
LO IN VCC3
28
PCS LO
OUT
1
J7
CELL LO
OUTPUT
21
44
BAND SEL
IF SEL
IP SET
48
ENABLE
29
CELL
LO OUT
VCC4
43
30
TX BUFFER
ENABLE
LNA
GAIN
MIXER
GAIN
FRONT-ENDS
Rev A1 010918
8-43
Page 12
RF3404
Preliminary
Evaluation Board Layout
Board Size 2.0” x 2.0”
Board Thickness 0.030” , Board Material FR-4, Multi
8
FRONT-ENDS
8-44
Rev A1 010918
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