Datasheet X-NUCLEO-6180XA1, P-NUCLEO-6180X1, P-NUCLEO-6180X2 Datasheet (STMicroelectronics)

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VL6180X

Proximity and ambient light sensing (ALS) module

Datasheet - production data

• Two programmable GPIO – Window and thresholding functions for both

ranging and ALS

Description

Features

• Three-in-one smart optical module – Proximity sensor – Ambient Light Sensor – VCSEL light source

• Fast, accurate distance ranging – Measures absolute range from 0 to above

10 cm – Independent of object reflectance – Ambient rejection – Crosstalk compensation for cover glass – Ranging beyond 100mm is possible with

certain target reflectances and ambient

conditions but not guaranteed

• Gesture recognition – Distance and signal level can be used by

host system to implement gesture recognition

– Demo systems available.

• Ambient light sensor – High dynamic range – Accurate/sensitive in ultra-low light – Calibrated output value in lux

• Easy integration – Single reflowable component – No additional optics or gasket – Single power supply

–I

C interface for device control and data

The VL6180X is the latest product based on ST’s patented FlightSense ground-breaking technology allowing absolute distance to be measured independent of target reflectance. Instead of estimating the distance by measuring the amount of light reflected back from the object (which is significantly influenced by color and surface), the VL6180X precisely measures the time the light takes to travel to the nearest object and reflect back to the sensor (Time-of-Flight).

Combining an IR emitter, a range sensor and an ambient light sensor in a three-in-one ready-touse reflowable package, the VL6180X is easy to integrate and saves the end-product maker long and costly optical and mechanical design optimizations.

The module is designed for ultra low power operation. Ranging and ALS measurements can be automatically performed at user defined intervals. Multiple threshold and interrupt schemes are supported to minimize host operations.

Host control and result reading is performed using

an I

C interface. Optional additional functions, such as measurement ready and threshold interrupts, are provided by two prog ra m m ab l e GPIO pins.

™

technology. This is a

Applications

• Smartphones/portable touchscreen devices

• Tablet/laptop/gaming devices

• Domestic appliances/industrial devices

August 2014 DocID026171 Rev 6 1/79

This is information on a product in full production.

www.st.com

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Contents VL6180X

Contents

1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.1 Technical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.2 System block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.3 Device pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.4 Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.5 Recommended solder pad dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

1.6 Recommended reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

2 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.1 System state diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.2 Timing diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.3 Software overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.4 Operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.4.1 Single-shot range/ALS operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.4.2 Continuous range/ALS operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.4.3 Interleaved mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.4.4 Continuous mode limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.5 Range timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.6 Interrupt modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.7 Range error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.8 Range checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.8.1 Early convergence estimate (ECE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.8.2 Range ignore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.8.3 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.9 Manual/autoVHV calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.10 History buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.11 Current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.11.1 Ranging current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.11.2 Current consumption calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.11.3 Current distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.12 Other system considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.12.1 Part-to-part range offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

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2.12.2 Cross-talk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.12.3 Offset calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.12.4 Cross-talk calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.12.5 Cross-talk limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.12.6 Cross-talk vs air gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.13 Ambient light sensor (ALS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.13.1 Field of view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.13.2 Spectral response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.13.3 ALS dynamic range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.13.4 ALS count to lux conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.13.5 Integration period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2.13.6 ALS gain selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.1 Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.2 Normal operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.3 Current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.4 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4 Performance specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1 Proximity ranging (0 to 100mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1.1 Max range vs. ambient light level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.2 ALS performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

C control interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

6 Device registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

6.1 Register encoding formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

6.2 Register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.2.1 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MAJOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.2.3 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.2.4 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MAJOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

6.2.5 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MINOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

6.2.6 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

6.2.7 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

DocID026171 Rev 6 3/79

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Contents VL6180X

6.2.8 IDENTIFICATION__TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

6.2.9 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.2.10 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6.2.11 SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.2.12 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.2.13 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

6.2.14 SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

6.2.15 SYSTEM__GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

6.2.16 SYSRANGE__START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.2.17 SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.2.18 SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.2.19 SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.2.20 SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.2.21 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.2.22 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.2.23 SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.2.24 SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

6.2.25 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

6.2.26 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

6.2.27 SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.2.28 SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.2.29 SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALIBRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

6.2.30 SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

6.2.31 SYSALS__START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.2.32 SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6.2.33 SYSALS__THRESH_LOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.2.34 SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.2.35 SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.2.36 SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.2.37 RESULT__RANGE_STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

6.2.38 RESULT__ALS_STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

6.2.39 RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.2.40 RESULT__ALS_V AL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.2.41 RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

6.2.42 RESULT__RANGE_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

6.2.43 RESULT__RANGE_RAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

6.2.44 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

4/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

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VL6180X Contents

6.2.45 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.2.46 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.2.47 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.2.48 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.2.49 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_AMB_COUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.2.50 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.2.51 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_CONV_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.2.52 READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.2.53 FIRMWARE__BOOTUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.2.54 FIRMWARE__RESULT_SCALER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.2.55 I2C_SLAVE__DEVICE_ADDRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.2.56 INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

7 Outline drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

8 Laser safety considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

8.1 Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

9 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

9.1 Traceability and identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

9.2 Part marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

9.3 Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

9.3.1 Package labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

9.4 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.5 ROHS compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

10 ECOPACK

® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

11 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

DocID026171 Rev 6 5/79

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List of tables VL6180X

List of tables

Table 1. Technical specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 2. VL6180X pin numbers and signal descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 3. Recommended reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 4. Power-up timing constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Table 5. Operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Table 6. Inte rle av ed mo de limits (1 0 Hz op eration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Table 7. Typical range convergence time (ms). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table 8. Range error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Table 9. History buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Table 10. Typical current consumption in different operating states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Table 11. Breakdown of current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Table 12. Current consumption on AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 13. ALS dynamic range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Table 14. Actual gain values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Table 15. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 16. Normal operating conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 17. Current consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Table 18. Digital I/O electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 19. Ranging specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 20. Worst case max range vs. ambient 0 to 100mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Table 21. ALS performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Table 22. Register groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 23. 32-bit register example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 24. 9.7 and 4.4 register formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Table 25. Register summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Table 26. Delivery format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Table 27. Storage conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Table 28. Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

6/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 7

VL6180X List of figures

List of figures

Figure 1. VL6180X block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 2. VL6180X pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Figure 3. Root part number 1 schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 4. Recommended solder pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 5. Recommended reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Figure 6. Typical ranging performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 7. ALS linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 8. System state diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 9. Power-up timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 10. Software overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 11. Interleaved mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 12. Total range execution time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 13. Early convergence estimate (ECE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 14. Typical ranging current consumption (10 Hz sampling rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 15. VCSEL pulse duty cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 16. Part-to-part range offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 17. Cross-talk compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 18. Cross-talk vs air gap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 19. ALS angular response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 20. ALS spectral response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 21. Serial interface data transfer protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 22. I2C device address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 23. Single location, single write) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 24. Single location, single read. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Figure 25. Multiple location write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Figure 26. Multiple location read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 27. Outline drawing (page 1/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Figure 28. Outline drawing (page 2/2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Figure 29. Class 1 laser product label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Figure 30. Part marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Figure 31. Tape and reel packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Figure 32. Package labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

DocID026171 Rev 6 7/79

Page 8

Overview VL6180X

1 Overview

This datasheet is applicable to the final VL6180X ROM code revision.

1.1 Technical specification

Table 1. Technical specification

Feature Detail

Package Optical LGA12 Size 4.8 x 2.8 x 1.0 mm Ranging 0 to 100 mm

< 1 Lux up to 100 kLux

Ambient light sensor

16-bit output

(1)

(3)

(2)

8 manual gain settings

Operating voltage:

• Functional range

• Op timum range

(4)

2.6 to 3.0 V

2.7 to 2.9 V

Operating temperature:

• Functional range

• Op timum range

(4)

-20 to 70°C

-10 to 60°C Hardware standby (GPIO0 = 0): < 1 μA

Typical power consumption

Software standby: < 1 μA ALS: 300 μA Ranging: 1.7 mA (typical average)

(5)

IR emitter 850 nm

1. Ranging beyond 100 mm is possible with certain target reflectances and ambient conditions but not guaranteed

2. When used under a cover glass with 10% transmission in the visible spectrum

3. Digital output easily converted to Lux

4. Please refer to Table 19.: Ranging specification

5. Assumes 10 Hz sampling rate, 17% reflective target at 50 mm

400 kHz serial bus Address: 0x29 (7-bit)

8/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 9

VL6180X Overview

VL6180X module

VL6180X silicon

Ranging ALS

Microcontroller

NVM RAM

IR emitter driver

IR- IR+

IR emitter

GPIO-0

GPIO-1

SDA

SCL

AVDD

AVDD_VCSEL

AVSS

AVSS_VCSEL

VL6180X

GPIO1

SCL

SDA

GPIO0

AVSS

AVDD

AVDD_VCSEL NC

AVSS_VCSEL

2 3 4 5

1.2 System block diagram

Figure 1. VL6180X block diagram

1.3 Device pinout

Figure 2 shows the pinout of the VL6180X.

Figure 2. VL6180X pinout

DocID026171 Rev 6 9/79

Page 10

Overview VL6180X

VL6180X

GPIO1

(3)

SCL SDA

GPIO0

AVSS

AVDD

AVDD_VCSEL

AVSS_VCSEL

3 4 5

112

2.8V

1.8V or 2.8V

GPIO1

(1)

GPIO0

(1)

SCL

(2)

SDA

(2)

4.7 uF

100 nF

Table 2. VL6180X pin numbers and signal descriptions

Pin number Signal name Signal type Signal description

1 GPIO1 Digital I/O Interrupt output. Open-drain. 2 NC No connect or ground 3 NC No connect or ground

Power-up default is chip enable

4 GPIO0/CE Digital I/O

(CE). It should be pulled high with a

47 kΩ resistor. 5 SCL Digital input I 6 SDA Digital I/O I

C serial clock

C serial data 7 NC No connect or ground 8 AVDD_VCSEL Supply VCSEL power supply. 2.6 to 3.0 V 9 AVSS_VCSEL Ground VCSEL ground

10 AVDD Supply

Digital/analog po w er su pp l y. 2.6 to

3.0 V 11 NC No connect or ground 12 AVSS Ground Digital/analog ground

1.4 Application schematic

Figure 3 shows the schematic of the VL6180X.

Figure 3. Root part number 1 schematic

1. Open drain. Recommend 47 kΩ

2. Open drain. Pull up resistors typically fitted once per I2C bus at host

3. No connects can also be grounded if required

Note: Capacitors on AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL should be placed as close as possible to the

supply pads.

10/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 11

VL6180X Overview

0.55 mm

0.60 mm

Pad pitch 0.75 mm

1.40 mm

Same as device pad dimensions

1.5 Recommended solder pad dimensions

Figure 4. Recommended solder pattern

1.6 Recommended reflow profile

The recommend reflow profile is shown in Figure 5 and Table 3.

Figure 5. Recommended reflow profile

Profile Ramp to strike

Temperature gradient in preheat (T= 70 - 180°C): 0.9 +/- 0.1°C/s Temperature gradient (T= 200 - 225°C): 1.1 - 3.0°C/s Peak temperature in reflow 237°C - 245°C Time above 220°C 50 +/- 10 seconds Temperature gradient in cooling -1 to -4 °C/s (-6°C/s maximum) Time from 50 to 220°C 160 to 220 seconds

Table 3. Recommended reflow profile

Note: As the VL6180X package is not sealed, only a dry re-flow process should be used (such as

convection re-flow). Vapor phase re-flow is not suitable for this type of optical component.

The VL6180X is an optical component and as such, it should be treated carefully. This would typically include using a ‘no-wash’ assembly process.

DocID026171 Rev 6 11/79

Page 12

Functional description VL6180X

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2 Functional description

This section gives an overview of the key features of the VL6180X and describes the different modes of operation of the ALS and pro ximity sensors.

Typical ranging performance of the VL6180X is shown in Figure 6. This demonstrates the reflectance independence and range accuracy of the VL6180X from 0 to 100 mm for 3%, 5%, 17% and 88% reflective targets. The example shown he re is with ST cover g lass and a

1.0 mm air gap.

Figure 7 shows typical ALS linearity vs gain over a wide dynamic range. More details about

the ambient light sensor can be found in Section 2.13.

Figure 6. Typical ranging performance

12/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Figure 7. ALS linearity

Page 13

VL6180X Functional description

Power off

Hardware

standby

Software

standby

Range

measurement

ALS

measurement

Continuous

modes

(*)

AVDD on GPIO0=0

AVDD off

AVDD on GPIO0=1

GPIO0=1

GPIO0=0

AVDD off

als_start

range_start

done

mode=

continuous

startstop

auto

MCU boot

(*) Device is placed in a low power state between measurements

2.1 System state diagram

Figure 8 describes the main operating st ates of the VL6180X. Hardware standby is the reset

state (GPIO0=0) device will not respond to I

(a)

. The device is held in reset until GPIO0 is de-asserted. Note that the

C communication in this mode. When GPIO0=1, the device enters software standby after the internal MCU boot sequence has completed. Once in software standby, ST recommended register initialization settings

(b)

can be applied along with any required application specific register settings. There after, the host can command single-shot range or ALS measurements or alternatively program one of the continuous operating modes where the device uses an internal timer to schedule measurement s at specified intervals. See Section 2.4.3: Interleaved mode.

Figure 8. System state diagram

a. Use of GPIO0 is optional b. Please contact STMicroelectronics for the latest settings

DocID026171 Rev 6 13/79

Page 14

Functional description VL6180X

AVDD

AVDD_VCSEL

GPIO0 (optional)

GPIO1

System state

fresh_out_of_reset

hardware

standby

hardware

standby

software

standby

mcu boot

software

standby

I2C Comms

mcu boot

2.2 Timing diagram

Figure 9 and Table 4.show the Root part number 1 power-up timing constraints.

• AVDD_VCSEL must be applied before or at the same time as AVDD.

• GPIO0 defaults to an active low shutdown input. When GPIO0 = 0, the device is in

hardware standby. If GPIO0 is not used it should be connected to AVDD.

• The internal microprocessor (MCU) boot sequence commences when AVDD is up and

GPIO0 is high whichever is the later.

• GPIO1 power-up default is output low. It is tri-stated during the MCU boot sequence.

Note: In hardware standby, GPIO1 is output low and will sink current through any pull-up resistor.

This leakage can be minimized by increasing the value of the pull-up resistor.

• After the MCU boot sequence the device enters software standby. The software

standby state can be determined by polling SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET{0x16}. Host initialization can commence immediately after entering software standby.

Figure 9. Power-up timing

Table 4. Power-up timing constraints

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit

t1 AVDD_VCSEL power applied after AVDD - 0 ms t2 Minimum reset on GPIO0 100 - ns t3 GPIO1 output low after hardware standby - 400 μs t4 MCU boot - 1 ms t5 Software standby to host initialization - 0 ms

14/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 15

VL6180X Functional description

Fresh out of

reset?

Software standby

Load initialization

settings

Load application

settings

ALS or range start

Interrupt

status?

Read result and

status

If polling

Power-up

Clear interrupts

2.3 Software overview

Figure 10 shows a simple start-up routine from initialization to completing a range or ALS

measurement.

Figure 10. Software overview

DocID026171 Rev 6 15/79

Page 16

Functional description VL6180X

2.4 Operating modes

Table 5. describes the operating modes of this device.

• Modes 1 and 2 are single-shot range and ALS measurements.

• Modes 3 and 4 are stand-alone, continuous operation for either range or ALS.

• Modes 5 and 6 are for mixed continuous and single-shot mode operations where

regular measurements are required from on e of the sensors and only occasional measurements are required from the other.

Note: In modes 5 and 6, single-shot operation takes the priority i.e. if a scheduled measurement is

in progress when the host requests a single-shot measurement, the scheduled measurement will be aborted and will resume on the next available time slot.

• Mode 7 al lows both ALS and range measurement s to be scheduled at regu lar intervals.

The ALS measurement is completed first immediately followed by a range measurement. Interleaved mode is described in more detail in Section 2.4.3.

Table 5. Operating modes

Range ALS

Mode Function

Single Continuous Single Continuous

1 Range single-shot • Range 2 ALS single-shot • ALS 3 Range continuous • Range

Priority

4 ALS continuous • ALS

Range continuous and

ALS single-shot Range single-shot and

ALS continuous Interleaved mode:

Range Continuous and ALS Continuous

••Range

•• ALS

•

16/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 17

VL6180X Functional description

2.4.1 Single-shot range/ALS operation

A single-shot range or ALS measurement is performed as follows:

• Write 0x01 to the SYSRANGE__START register{0x18}.

• When the measurement is completed, bit 2 of

RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO{0x4F} will be set.

• Similarly, a single-shot ALS measurement is initiated by writing 0x01 to the

SYSALS__START register{0x38}.

• When the measurement is completed, bit 5 of

RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO{0x4F} will be set. Note that in both cases the start bit, (bit 0) auto-clears.

• The range result is read from RESULT__RANGE_VAL{0x62}.

• The ALS result is read from RESULT__ALS_VAL{0x50}.

• Interrupt status flags are cleared by writing a ‘1’ to the appropriate bit of

SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR{0x15}.

• Bit 0 of RESULT__RANGE_STATUS{0x4D} and RESULT__ALS_STATUS{0x4E}

indicate when either sensor is ready for the next operatio n.

• Error codes are indicated in bits [7:4] of the status registers A detailed description of all the user accessible registers is given in Section 6: Device

registers.

Note: Single-shot ALS and range operations cannot be performed simultaneously. Only one of

these operations should be performed at any one time and once started must be allowed to complete before another measurement is started. This is because any current operation will be aborted if another is started.

2.4.2 Continuous range/ALS operation

A continuous range or ALS measurement is performed as follows:

• Write 0x03 to the SYSRANGE__START or SYSALS__START registers.

In both cases, bit 1 of the register sets the mode to continuous

• When a measurement is completed either bit 2 or bit 5 of

RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO{0x4F} will be set.

• Results are read from RESULT__RANGE_VAL{0x62} or

RESULT__ALS_VAL{0x50}.

• Interrupt status flags are cleared by writing a ‘1’ to the appropriate bit of

SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR{0x15}.

• Thereafter, measurements will be scheduled according to the relevant inter-

measurement period (see SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD{0x1B} or SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD{0X3E}).

• Continuous mode operation can be stopped by writing 0 to either START register.

Continuous operation will be halted immediately and any pending measurement will be aborted.

Note: It is not recommended to run range and ALS continuous modes simultaneously (i.e.

asynchronously). Instead, mode 7 ‘interleaved mode’ in ‘interleaved mode’, scheduled range and ALS measurem ents op erate off a single timer with a range measurement proceeding immediately after every ALS measurement.

Table 5. should be used. In

DocID026171 Rev 6 17/79

Page 18

Functional description VL6180X

ALS

Range

ALS inter-measurement period

ALS

Range

ALS

Range

Interrupt

flags

2.4.3 Interleaved mode

Figure 11. describes the continuous inter lea ve d mo d e of op e ra tio n whe r e an ALS

measurement is immediately followed by a range measurement and repeated after an interval specified by the ALS inter-measurement period.

To enable interleaved mode, set INTERLEAVED_MODE_ENABLE{0x2A3} = 1. Use SYSALS__START and SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD to control interleaved operation.

Note: Continuous range settings have no effect in this mode.

Figure 11. Interleaved mode

Note: To ensure correct operation in any of the continuous modes, the user must ensure that the

inter-measurement period is sufficient for the operation to be completed within the intermeasurement period. Failure to do so could result in unpredictable behavior.

2.4.4 Continuous mode limits

To take account of oscillator tolerances and internal processing overheads it is necessary to place the following constraints on continuous mode operations. The following equations define the minimum inter-measurement period to ensure correct operation:

Continuous range:

SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME + 5 ≤ SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD * 0.9

Continuous ALS:

SYSALS__INTEGRATION_TIME * 1.1 ≤ SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD *

0.9

Interleaved mode:

(SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE _TIME + 5) + (SYSALS__INTEGRATION_TIME *

1.1) ≤ SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD * 0.9

Table 6. gives an example how to apply these limits in continuous interleaved mode

operating at a sampling rate of 10 Hz.

18/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 19

VL6180X Functional description

Readout

averaging

Range convergencePre-cal

4.3 ms

Convergence time

(variable)

Table 6. Interleaved mode limits (10 Hz operation)

Parameter Period (ms)

SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD

Effective ALS INTERMEASUREMENT PERIOD

SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME Total RANGE EXECUTION TIME SYSALS__INTEGRATION_TIME

Total ALS INTEGRATION TIME

TOTAL EXECUTION TIME

100

30 35 50

2.5 Range timing

Figure 12 gives a breakdown of total execution time for a single range measurement.

• The pre-calibration phase is fixed (3.2 ms).

• The range co nvergence time is variable and depends on target distance/r efle ctance

(see Table 7).

• The recommended readout averaging period is 4.3 ms. Readout averaging helps to

reduce measurement noise. The recommended setting for READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD{0x10A} is 48 the range 0-255. Note however that lower settings will result in increased noise.

Note: When a target is detected, register RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME{0x80} returns

the actual convergence time before readout averaging. Range convergence and readout averaging must be completed within the specified max convergence time.

(c)

but is programmable in

Figure 12. Total range execution time

c. Default readout averaging period is calculated as follows: 1300 µs + (48 x 64.5 µs) = 4.3 ms

DocID026171 Rev 6 19/79

Page 20

Functional description VL6180X

Table 7. Typical range convergence time (ms)

Ta rget reflectance

Range (mm)

3% 5% 17% 88%

10 0.43 0.33 0.18 0.18 20 0.94 0.73 0.28 0.18 30 1.89 1.40 0.51 0.18 40 3.07 2.25 0.81 0.18 50 4.35 3.24 1.18 0.24 60 5.70 4.22 1.60 0.32 70 7.07 5.35 2.07 0.49 80 8.41 6.45 2.58 0.50 90 9.58 7.56 3.14 0.61

100 10.73 8.65 3.69 0.73

2.6 Interrupt modes

The VL6180X can be configured to generate an ALS or range inte rrupt flag under any of the following conditions:

• New sample ready

• Level low (RESULT__RANGE_VAL < SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW)

• Level high (RESULT__RANGE_VAL > SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH)

• Out of window (RESULT__RANGE_VAL < SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW) OR

(RESULT__RANGE_VAL > SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH)

In new sample ready mode, an interrupt flag will be raised at the end of every measurement irrespective of whether the measurement is valid or if an error has occurred. This mode is particularly useful during development and debug. In level interrupt mode the system will raise an interrupt flag if either a low or high programmable threshold has been crossed. Out of window interrupt mode activates both high and low level thresholds allowing a window of operation to be specified. Interrupt modes for Range and ALS are configured via register SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO{0x14}.

Note: In level or window interrupt modes range errors will only trigger an interrupt if the logical

conditions described above are met.

2.7 Range error codes

The system carries out a number of range checks during every range measurement to ensure the validity of each range result. Register RESULT__RANGE_STATUS{0x4D} returns an error code if one of the checks fails. Table 8 gives a summary of the possible error codes.

20/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 21

VL6180X Functional description

Table 8. Range error codes

Bits [7:4] Error code Description

0 No error Valid measurement 0 - 200

1-5 System error

6 Early convergence estimate ECE check failed 255

7 Max convergence

8 Range ignore Ignore threshold check failed 255

9-10 Not used - -

11 SNR

12 Raw range underflow

13 Raw range overflow

14 Range underflow

System error detected. No measurement possible.

System did not converge before the specified max. convergence time limit

Ambient conditions too high. Measurement invalidated

RESULT__RANGE_RAW < 0 (because offset is programmable a negative range result is possible)

RESULT__RANGE_RAW is out of range. This occurs typically around 200 mm

RESULT__RANGE_VAL < 0 (because offset is programmable a negative range result is possible)

Range

(mm)

(1)

255

15 Range overflow

1. Range overflow occurs typically around 200 mm.

RESULT__RANGE_VAL is out of range. This occurs typically around 200 mm

2.8 Range checks

Error codes 6, 8 and 11 in Table 8 are configurable by the user. They can be enabled/disabled via register SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES{0x2D} by setting or clearing the appropriate bit. The register default is 0x11 i,e, ECE and SNR enabled.

2.8.1 Early convergence estimate (ECE)

Early convergence estimate (ECE) is a progra m m abl e fe at ur e de sig ne d to mi nim iz e po we r consumption when there is no target in the field-of-view (FOV).

The system is said to have ‘converged’ (i.e. range acquired), when the convergence threshold specifies the minimum return signal rate required for convergence. If there is no target in the FOV, the system will continue to operate until the max. convergence time limit is reached before switching off thereby consuming power. With ECE enabled, the system estimates the

d. For standard ranging, the convergence threshold is set to 15360. The convergence threshold register is not

(d)

is reached before the max. convergence time limit (see Figure 13). This ratio

accessible by the user.

255

DocID026171 Rev 6 21/79

Page 22

Functional description VL6180X

time

Return

count

convergence threshold

max.

convergence

ECE (0.5 ms)

measurement

aborted

converged

ECE

threshold

ECE threshold

80% 0,5× 15360×

SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME (in ms)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------=

SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD{0x26} cross-talk (Mcps) 120%×=

return signal rate 0.5 ms after the start of every measurement. If it is below the ECE threshold, the measurement is aborted and an ECE error is flagged.

Figure 13. Early convergence estimate (ECE)

ECE is enabled by setting bit 0 of SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES{0x02D}. If enabled, the ECE threshold must be specified. To set the ECE threshold 20% below the minimum convergence rate, the ECE threshold is calculated as follows:

The 16-bit ECE threshold should be written to

SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE{0x22}. For example, if SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME{0x1c} is set to 30 ms, the ECE threshold is 204.

If the return count is less than 204 after 0.5 ms, the measurement will be aborted.

Note: The optimum value for the ECE threshold should be determined in the final application.

2.8.2 Range ignore

In a system with cover glass, the return signal from the glass (cross-talk) may be sufficient to cause the system to converge and return a valid rang e m easu rement e ven wh en ther e is no target present. The range ignore feature is designed to ensure that the system does not range on the glass. (Cross-talk is described in more detail in Section 2.12.2).

The ignore threshold is enabled by setting bit 1 of SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES{0x02D}. If enabled, the ignore threshold must be specified. In the follow example, the ignore threshold is set 20% above the system crosstalk:

A range ignore error will be flagged if the return signal rate is less than the ignore threshold. SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT should be set to 255.

Note: The optimum value for the ignore threshold should be determined in the final application.

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VL6180X Functional description

SNR

RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT{0x6C}

RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT{0x74} * 6

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------=

2.8.3 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

In high ambient conditions range accuracy can be impaired so the SNR threshold is used as a safety limit to invalidate range measurements where the ambient/signal ratio is considered too high.The default ambient/signal ratio limit is 10 (i.e. an SNR of 0.1) which is then encoded in 4.4 format as follows:

SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT{0x2C}= 10 x 16 = 160 To enable the SNR check, set bit 4 in SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES (0x02D). A

lower setting results in a more aggressive filter which will result in a lower effective range but greater accuracy. A higher setting results in a less aggressive filter which will result in a greater effective range but lower accuracy.

The SNR value can be calculated as follows:

Note: The SNR value is the inverse of the ambient/signal ratio limit {0x2C}. Note: The optimum value for SNR threshold should be determined in the final application.

2.9 Manual/autoVHV calibration

(e)

SPAD

sensitivity is temperature dependent so VHV sensitivity over temperature in order to minimize signal rate variation. VHV calibration is performed either manually by the host processor or automatically by internal firmware. Execution time is typically 200 μs so has no impact on normal operation.

A VHV calibration is run once at power-up and then automatically after every N range measurements defined by the SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE{0x31} register. AutoVHV calibration is disabled by setting this register to 0. Default is 255. If autoVHV is disabled it is recommended to run a manual VHV calibration periodically to recalibrate for any significant temperature variation. A manual VHV calibration is performed by setting SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALBRATE{0x2E} to 1. This register auto-clears. This operation should only be performed in software standby.

2.10 History buffer

The history buffer is a 8 x 16-bit memory which can be used to store the last 16 range measurements (8-bit) or 8 ALS samples (16-bit). Use of the history buffer is controlled via register SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL{0x12}. There are 3 basic functions:

• enable

• range or ALS selection

• clear buffer

(f)

calibration is used to regulate SPAD

e. Photon detectors - Single Photon Avalanche Diodes f. VHV is an adjustable SPAD bias voltage and stands for Very High Voltage (typically around 14 V). Also

sometimes referred to as CP (Charge Pump).

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Functional description VL6180X

The buffer is read via eight 16-bit registers (RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_0{0x52} to RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_7{0x60}). The buffer holds the last 16 x 8-bit range or 8 x

16-bit ALS results as shown in Table 9.

Table 9. History buffer

Range ALS

History buffer

(High byte) (Low byte) (Word)

0 Range [15] (newest) Range [14] ALS [7] (newest)

1 Range [13] Range [12] ALS [6]

2 Range [11] Range [10] ALS [5]

3 Range [9] Range [8] ALS [4]

4 Range [7] Range [6] ALS [3]

5 Range [5] Range [4] ALS [2]

6 Range [3] Range [2 ALS [1]

7 Range [1] Range [0] (oldest) ALS [0] (old est)

Note: Only one data stream (ALS or range) can be buffered at one time. There is no associated

time stamp information. The clear buffer command is not immediate; it takes effect on the next range or ALS start

command.

The history buffer works independently of interrupt control i.e. the history buffer records all new samples; its operation is unchanged in threshold and window modes.

2.11 Current consumption

Table 10. gives an overview of current consumption in different operating states.

Table 10. Typical current consumption in different operating states

Mode Current Conditions

Hardware standby < 1 μA Shutdown (GPIO0 = 0). No I Software standby < 1 μA After MCU boot. Device ready ALS 300 μA During integration Ranging 1.7 mA Average consumption during rangi ng

1. 10 Hz sampling rate, 17% reflective target at 50 mm.

C comms

(1)

2.11.1 Ranging current consumption

Figure 14. shows typical ranging current consumption of the VL6180X. Current consumption

depends on target distance, t arget r eflect ance and sampling rate. The example shown here is based on default settings and a sampling rate of 10 Hz. The average current consumption for a 17% reflective target at 50 mm operating at 10 Hz is 1.7 mA. At dif ferent sampling rates

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VL6180X Functional description

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the current consumption scales accordingly i.e. the average current consumption at 1 Hz under the same conditions would be 0.17 mA.

Figure 14. Typical ranging current consumption (10 Hz sampling rate)

The minimum average current consumption in Figure 14. is 1.5 mA, 0.5 mA of which com es from pre-calibration before each measurement and 1.0 mA from post-processing (readout averaging). Pre-calibration is a fixed overhead but readout averaging can be reduced or effectively disabled by setting the READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD{0x10A} to zero (default setting is 48).

Note: Decreasing the READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD will increase sampling

noise. It is recommended that any change in setting be properly evaluated in the end application.

Minimum current consumption scales with sampling rate i.e. at a sampling rate of 1 Hz the current consumption associated with pre- and post-processing will be 0.15 μA.

2.11.2 Current consumption calculator

Table 11. gives a breakdown of typical current consumption for pre-calibration, ranging and

readout averaging.

Label Phase I (mA) t (ms) Q (μC) = I x t

Q Q Q

Current consumption can then be calculated as follows: I (

μA) = sampling_rate * [Q

* (1.3 + (READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD * 0.0645 ms))]

Table 7. gives typical convergence times for different target reflect ance.

So, for example, RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME for a 3% target at 50 mm

is 4.35 ms. At 10 Hz sampling rate this gives:

I (

μA) = 10 * [41.6 + (22 * 4.35) + 25 * (1.3 + (48 * 0.0645))] = 2472 μA

Pre-calibration 13.0 3.2 41.6

Ranging 22.0 per ms 22.0 per ms

Readout averaging 25.0 per ms 25.0 pe r ms

Table 11. Brea kdown of current consumption

+ (Q2 * RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME in ms) +

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Functional description VL6180X

33% duty cycle

10 ns

24 mA peak current

8 mA average current

2.11.3 Current distribution

T able 12. shows how current consumption is distributed between the two su pplies in ranging

mode. AVDD_VCSEL supplies the VCSEL current and AVDD supplies all other functions.

Note: The VCSEL driver is pulsed at 100 MHz with a 33% duty cycle (see Figure 15.) so average

current consumption on AVDD_VCSEL is one third of the peak.

Table 12. Current consumption on AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL

Power supply

AVDD 14 mA Average during active ranging

AVDD_VCSEL 8 mA

1. Normally, both supplies will be driven from a common source giving a peak instantaneous current demand

of 38 mA.

2. Peak emitter current during ranging is 24 mA.

(1)

Current Note

(2)

Average during active ranging (33% duty cycle).

Figure 15. VCSEL pulse duty cycle

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VL6180X Functional description

Actual Range

Measured range

p2p_offset calibration

Actual Range

Measured range

cross-talk

compensation

2.12 Other system considerations

This section describes part-to-part range offset and system cross-talk. In addition, a procedure for cross-talk calibration is given.

2.12.1 Part-to-part range offset

The VL6180X is factory calibrated to produce an absolute linear range output as shown in

Figure 16. The part-to-part range offset is calibrated during manufacture and stored in

SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET{0x24} (two’s complement). RESULT__RANGE_RAW{0x64} reports the range with the part -to-part of fset already applied.

Figure 16. Part-to-part range offset

2.12.2 Cross-talk

Cross-talk is defined as the signal return from the cover glass. The magnitude of the crosstalk depends on the type of glass, air gap and filter material. Cross-talk results in a range error (see Figure 17) which is proportional to the ratio of the cross-talk to the signal return from the target. The true range is recovered by applying automatic cross-talk compensation.

Figure 17. Cross-talk compensation

To enable cross-talk compensation it is necessary to write the calibrated cross-talk value to SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE{0x1E}in 9.7 format. A cross-talk calibration procedure is described in Section 2.12.4.

2.12.3 Offset calibration procedure

Complete steps 1-3 to see if part-to-part offset calibration is required.

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Functional description VL6180X

part-to-part offset 50 mm average range–=

cross-talk (in Mcps) average return rate 1

average range

100 mm

--------------------------------------–





×=

1. Position a white target (88% reflectance

(g)

) at a distance of 50 mm from the top of the

cover glass.

2. Perform a minimum of 10 range measurements and compute the average range (from

RESULT__RANGE_VAL{0x62}).

3. If the average range is within the 50 ± 3 mm, offset calibration is not required.

Otherwise, complete this calibration procedure.

4. Set SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET{0x24} = 0.

5. Perform a minimum of 10 range measurements and compute the average range (from

RESULT__RANGE_VAL{0x62}).

6. Calculate the part-to-part offset as follows:

7. Write the part-to-part offset result (in two’s complement notation) to

SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET.

2.12.4 Cross-talk calibration procedure

This section describes a procedure for calibrating system cross-talk.

1. Perform offset calibration if required (see Section 2.12.3).

Note: If the offset is incorrectly calibrated, cross-talk calibration will be inaccurate.

2. Position a black target (3% reflectance

cover glass.

3. Ensure SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE{0x1E} = 0.

4. Perform a minimum of 10 range measurements and compute the average return rate

(from

RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE{0x66}) and the average range (from

RESULT__RANGE_VAL{0x62}).

5. Ca lcu lat e th e cro ss-talk factor as follows:

(h)

) at a distance of 100 mm from the top of the

6. Write the cross-talk result in 9.7 format to

SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE. For example, cross-talk = 0.4 Mcps => 0.4 x 128 = 51.2. Write 51 to

SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE.

Note: Cross-talk compensation is only applied to targets above 20 mm. This is to ensure that

cross-talk correction is not applied to near targets where the signal rate is decreasing. The cross-talk height qualifier is defined in register SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT{0x21}. The default is 20 mm.

g. Target reflectance should be high but absolute value is not critical. h. Target reflectance should be low but absolute value is not critical.

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VL6180X Functional description

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2.12.5 Cross-talk limit

A practical limit for cross-talk is < 3.0 Mcps. This is based on two factors:

1. The return rate for a 3% reflective target at 100 mm without glass is typically around 1.5

Mcps. If glass is added with a cross-talk of 3.0 Mcps, the resultant return rate will be 4.5 Mcps. This results in a cross-talk corre ction factor of x3 so for a 100 mm t ar get the raw range will be in the region of 30 mm. To ensure the SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT restriction is not breached, the minimum raw range allowing for noise margin is around 30 mm.

2. A cross-talk correction factor of x3 also means that any range noise will be multiplied

by 3 so noise also becomes a limiting factor.

2.12.6 Cross-talk vs air gap

Figure 18 shows the typical cross-talk vs air gap using ST cover glass with oval aperture.

Above 2.5 mm, the cross-talk rises rapidly.

Figure 18. Cross-talk vs air gap

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Functional description VL6180X

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20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100

Wavelength (nm)

Photopic

VL6180X

2.13 Ambient light sensor (ALS)

The VL6180X contains an ambient light sensor cap able of measuring the ambient light level over a wide dynamic range. This section describes the main features of the ALS. The ALS performance specification can be found in Section 4.2.

2.13.1 Field of view

Figure 19 shows the ALS field of view which is typically 42 degrees (half angle, 40% of

peak) in both X and Y.

Figure 19. ALS angular response

2.13.2 Spectral response

The spectral response of the ALS compared to photopic response is shown in Figure 20.

Figure 20. ALS spectral response

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VL6180X Functional description

Light level (in lux) ALS lux resolution

RESULT__ALS_VAL

Analog gain

------------------------------------------------------- -

100 ms

ALS integration time

----------------------------------------------------- -××=

ALS lux resolution (with glass)

RESULT__ALS_VAL (without glass)

RESULT__ALS_VAL (with glass)

--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- ------------- ALS lux resolution (without glass)×=

2.13.3 ALS dynamic range

Table 13 shows the range of measurable light at all gains both with and without glass. In

most applications operating at a single gain setting should be possible.

Table 13. ALS dynamic range

(1)

Analogue

gain setting

Dynamic range (no glass)

Min. (Lux)

(2)

1 3.20 20800 32.0 >100,000

1.25 2.56 16640 25.6 >100,000

1.67 1.93 12530 19.3 >100,000

2.5 1.28 8320 12.8 83,200 5 0.64 4160 6.4 41,600

10 0.32 2080 3.2 20,800 20 0.16 1040 1.6 10,400 40 0.08 520 0.8 5,200

1. ALS lux resolution = 0.32 lux/count

2. Minimum of 10 counts

2.13.4 ALS count to lux conversion

The output from the ambient light sensor is a 16-bit register, RESULT__ALS_VAL{0x50}. The count output is proportional to the light level and can be converted into lux using the following equation:

Dynamic range (10%

transmissive glass)

Max. (Lux) Minimum (Lux) Maximum (Lux)

The factory calibrated ALS lux resolution is 0.32 lux/count for an analog gain of 1 (calibrated without glass). The ALS lux resolution will require re-calibration in the final system where cover glass is used. This can be done by recording the count output with and without glass under the same conditions and multiplying the ALS lux resolution by the ratio of the two counts as follows:

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Functional description VL6180X

2.13.5 Integration period

The integration period is the time over which a single ALS measurement is made. The default integration period is 100ms. Integration times in the range 50-100 ms are recommended to reduce impact of light flicker from artificial lighting.

2.13.6 ALS gain selection

Eight analog gain settings are available which can be selected manually depending on the range and resolution required. Table 14.shows the actual characterized gains versus the design targets. If a gain setting other than gain 20 is used, marginally greater accuracy can be achieved by using the actual gain values in the light level equation in Section 2.13.4 when calculating the lux light level.

Table 14. Actual gain values

0x46 1 1.01 0x45 1.25 1.28 0x44 1.67 1.72 0x43 2.5 2.60 0x42 5 5.21 0x41 10 10.32 0x40 20 20 0x47 40 40

Note: The upper nibble of SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN should always be set to 0x4.

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VL6180X Electrical characteristics

3 Electrical characteristics

3.1 Absolute maximum ratings

Table 15. Absolute maximum ratings

Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

AVDD -0.5 - 3.6 V AVDD_VCSEL -0.5 - 3.6 V SCL, SDA, GPIO0 and GPIO1 -0.5 - 3.6 V

Note: Stresses above those listed in Table 15. may cause permanent damage to the device. This

is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

3.2 Normal operating conditions

Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Voltage (AVDD and AVDD_VCSEL) Voltage (optimum operating) 2.7 2.8 2.9 V Voltage (functional operating) 2.6 2.8 3.0 V Temperature Temperature (optimum operating) -10 +60 °C Temperature (functional operating) -20 - +70 °C Temperature (test) +21 - +25 °C Temperature (storage) -40 - +85 °C

Table 16. Normal operating conditions

3.3 Current consumption

Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Hardware Standby - - 1 µA Software Standby - - 1 µA ALS operation - 300 350 µA

Table 17. Current consumption

(1)

1. Measured at room temperature (23°C)

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Electrical characteristics VL6180X

3.4 Electrical characteristics

Table 18. Digital I/O electrical characteristics

Symbol Parameter Minimum Typical Maximum Unit

CMOS digital I/O (SDA, SCL, GPIO0 and GPIO1)

Low level input voltage -0.5 - 0.6 V High level input voltage 1.12 - AVDD+0.5 V Low level output voltage (8mA load) - - 0.4 V High level output voltage (8mA load) AVDD-0.4 - - V Low level input current - - -10 µA High level input current - - 10 µA

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VL6180X Performance specification

4 Performance specification

4.1 Proximity ranging (0 to 100mm)

The following table specifies ranging performance u p to 100mm. Ranging beyon d 100mm is possible with certain target reflectances and ambient conditions but not guaranteed. These results are derived from characterization of both typical and corner samples (representative of worst case process conditions).

Unless specified otherwise, all results were performed at room temperature ( 23°C), nominal voltage (2.8V) and in the dark. Results are based on the average of 100 measurements for a 17% reflective target @ 50mm.

Table 19. Ranging specification

Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

(1)

Noise Range offset error Temperature dependent drift Voltage dependent drift Convergence time

1. Maximum standard deviation of 100 measurements

2. Maximum offset drift after 3 reflow cycles. This error can be removed by re-calibration in the final system

3. Tested over optimum operating temperature range (see Table 16.: Normal operating conditions)

4. Tested over optimum operating voltage range (see Table 16.: Normal operating conditions)

5. Based on a 3% reflective target @ 100 mm

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

- - 2.0 mm

--13mm

-915mm

-35mm

--15ms

4.1.1 Max range vs. ambient light level

The data shown in this section is worst case data for reference only.

Table 20 shows the worst case maximum range achievable under different ambient light

conditions .

Table 20. Worst case max range vs. ambient 0 to 100mm

Target

reflectance

3% > 100 > 80 > 40 mm

5% > 100 > 90 > 45 mm 17% > 100 > 100 > 60 mm 88% > 100 > 100 > 70 mm

1. Tested in an integrating sphere (repeatable lab test, not representative of real world ambient light) at 1 kLux and 5 kLux (halogen light source) using 80 x 80 mm targets. Due to high IR content, 5 kLux halogen light approximates to 10 kLux to 15 kLux natural sunlight.

2. SNR limit of 0.1 applied. Note: maximum range could be increased by reducing the SNR limit to 0.06

3. Also applicable to lighting conditions with low IR content e.g typical office fluorescent lighting

In the dark

Worst case indoor light

(3)

(1 kLux diffuse halogen)

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(1)(2)

High ambient light

(5 kLux diffuse halogen)

Unit

Page 36

Performance specification VL6180X

4.2 ALS performance

The following table specifies ALS performance. These results are derived from characterization of typical samples (without cover glass). Unless specified otherwise, all tests were performed at room temperature (23°C), nominal voltage (2.8V) and using a halogen light source.

Table 21. ALS performance

Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit

ALS sensitivity Angular response

(1)

(2)

Spectral response - photopic - Dynamic Range Linearity error (1 to 300 lux) Linearity error (300 to 7500 lux)

(3)

(4)

Gain error (@ gain 20) - - 1 % Gain error (gains 1 to 10) - - 7 %

1. 535nm LED @ 1 kLux. Measured @ gain 20.

2. Half angle. 40% transmission.

3. Minimum of one count at gain 40 and 400 ms ALS integration time.

4. Test conditions: -10°C to +60°C; analog gains 1 to 20

0.28 0.32 0.36 Lux/count

- 42 - degrees

0.002 - 20971 Lux

--5%

--10%

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VL6180X I2C control interface

As/Am

Start condition

Stop condition

SDA

SCL

Acknowledge

3 4 56

Address or data byte

MSB LSB

MSBit

LSBit

0101001R/W

Sensor acknowledges

Acknowledge from sensor

S AsADDRESS[7:0] AsINDEX[15:8] INDEX[7:0] As DATA[7:0] As P

0x52 (write)

Start

Stop

valid address

5 I2C control interface

The VL6180X is controlled over an I2C interface. The default I2C address is 0x29 (7-bit). This section describes the I

C protocol.

Figure 21. Serial interface data transfer protocol

Information is packed in 8-bit packet s (bytes) always followed by an ackn owledge bit, As for sensor acknowledge and Am for master acknowledge. The internal data is produced by sampling SDA at a rising edge of SCL. The external data must be stable during the high period of SCL. The exceptions to this are start (S) or stop (P) conditions when SDA falls or rises respectively, while SCL is high.

A message contains a series of byte s preceded b y a st art condition an d followed by either a stop or repeated start (another start condition but without a preceding stop condition) followed by another message. The first byte contains the device address (0x52) and also specifies the data direction. If the least significant bit is low (0x52) the message is a master write to the slave. If the lsb is set (0x53) then the message is a master read from the slave.

Figure 22. I

C device address

All serial interface communications with the sensor must begin with a start condition. The sensor acknowledges the receipt of a valid address by driving the SDA wire low. The state of the read/write bit (lsb of the address byte) is stored and the next byte of data, sampled from SDA, can be interpreted. During a write sequence the second and third bytes received provide a 16-bit index which points to one of the internal 8-bit registers.

Figure 23. Single location, single write)

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I2C control interface VL6180X

S As

ADDRESS[7:0]

INDEX[15:8]

INDEX[7:0]

As P

0x52 (write)

S As

ADDRESS[7:0]

DATA[7:0]

0x53 (read)

S As

ADDRESS[7:0]

INDEX[15:8]

INDEX[7:0]

0x52 (write)

PAs

DATA[7:0]

As data is received by the slave it is written bit by bit to a serial/parallel re gister. Af ter each data byte has been received by the slave, an acknowledge is generated, the data is then stored in the internal register addressed by the current index.

During a read message, the contents of the register addressed by the curren t index is read out in the byte following the device address byte. The contents of this register are para llel loaded into the serial/parallel register and clocked out of the device by the falling edge of SCL.

Figure 24. Single location, single read

At the end of each byte, in both read and write message sequences, an acknowledge is issued by the receiving device (that is, the sensor for a write and the master for a read).

A message can only be terminated by the bus master, either by issuing a stop condition or by a negative acknowledge (that is, not pulling the SDA line low) after reading a complete byte during a read operation.

The interface also supports auto-increment indexing. After the first data byte has been transferred, the index is automatically incremented by 1. The master can therefore send data bytes continuously to the slave until the slave fails to provide an acknowledge or the master terminates the write communication with a stop condition. If the auto-increment feature is used the master does not have to send address indexes to accompany the data bytes.

Figure 25. Multiple location write

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VL6180X I2C control interface

S As

ADDRESS[7:0]

INDEX[15:8] INDEX[7:0]

As P

0x52 (write)

S As

ADDRESS[7:0]

DATA[7:0]

0x53 (read)

DATA[7:0]

Figure 26. Multiple location read

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Device registers VL6180X

6 Device registers

This section describes in detail all user accessible device registers. Registers are grouped by function as shown in Table 22. to make them easier to read but also to simplify multi-byte read/write I each register which denotes the register value in software standby.

Note that registers can be 8-,16- or 32-bit. Multi-byte registers are always addressed in ascending order with MSB first as shown in Table 23.

C accesses (burst mode). More details in Section 5. Reset values are given for

Table 22. Register groups

IDENTIFICATION 0x00 - 0x0F SYSTEM SETUP 0x10 - 0x17 RANGE SETUP 0x18 - 0x37 ALS SETUP 0x38 - 0x40 RESULTS 0x4D - 0x80

Table 23. 32-bit register example

Address MSB Address + 1 .. Address + 2 .. Address + 3 LSB

6.1 Register encoding formats

Some registers are encoded to allow rational numbers to be expressed efficiently. Table 24 gives an explanation of 9.7 and 4.4 encoding formats.

Format Description

4.4

9.7

Table 24. 9.7 and 4.4 register formats

8 bits = 4 integer bits + 4 fractional bits (stored as 1 byte) Encoding example: the value 4.2 is multiplied by 16 (2

and stored as 67 decimal. Decoding example: 67 is divided by 16 = 4.19.

16 bits = 9 integer bits + 7 fractional bits (stored over 2 bytes) Encoding example: the value 4.2 is multiplied by 128 (2

and stored as 537 decimal. Decoding example: 537 is divided by 128 = 4.19.

) rounded

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Table 25. Register summary

Offset Register name Reference

0x000 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_ID Section 6.2.1 on page 43 0x001 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MAJOR Section 6.2.2 on page 43 0x002 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR Section 6.2.3 on page 43 0x003 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MAJOR Section 6.2.4 on page 44 0x004 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MINOR Section 6.2.5 on page 44 0x006 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI Section 6.2.6 on page 44 0x007 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO Section 6.2.7 on page 45

0x008:0x009 IDENTIFICATION__TIME Section 6.2.8 on page 45

0x010 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO0 Section 6.2.9 on page 46 0x011 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO1 Section 6.2.10 on page 47 0x012 SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL Section 6.2.11 on page 48 0x014 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO Section 6.2.12 on page 49 0x015 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR Section 6.2.13 on page 49 0x016 SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET Section 6.2.14 on page 50 0x017 SYSTEM__GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD Section 6.2.15 on page 50 0x018 SYSRANGE__START Section 6.2.16 on page 51

0x019 SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH Section 6.2.17 on page 51 0x01A SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW Section 6.2.18 on page 52 0x01B SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD Section 6.2.19 on page 52 0x01C SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME Section 6.2.20 on page 52 0x01E SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE Section 6.2.21 on page 53

0x021 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT Section 6.2.22 on page 53

0x022 SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE Section 6.2.23 on page 53

0x024 SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET Section 6.2.24 on page 54

0x025 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT Section 6.2.25 on page 54

0x026 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD Section 6.2.26 on page 54 0x02C SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT Section 6.2.27 on page 55 0x02D SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES Section 6.2.27 on page 55 0x02E SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALIBRATE Section 6.2.29 on page 56

0x031 SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE Section 6.2.30 on page 56

0x038 SYSALS__START Section 6.2.31 on page 57 0x03A SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH Section 6.2.32 on page 57 0x03C SYSALS__THRESH_LOW Section 6.2.33 on page 58

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Table 25. Register summary (continued)

Offset Register name Reference

0x03E SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD Section 6.2.34 on page 58 0x03F SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN Section 6.2.35 on page 59

0x040 SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD Section 6.2.36 on page 59 0x04D RESULT__RANGE_STATUS Section 6.2.37 on page 60 0x04E RESULT__ALS_STATUS Section 6.2.38 on page 61 0x04F RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO Section 6.2.39 on page 62

0x050 RESULT__ALS_VAL Section 6.2.40 on page 62

0x052:0x060

(0x2) 0x062 RESULT__RANGE_VAL Section 6.2.42 on page 64 0x064 RESULT__RANGE_RAW Section 6.2.43 on page 64 0x066 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE Section 6.2.44 on page 64 0x068 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_RATE Section 6.2.45 on page 65

0x06C RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT Section 6.2.46 on page 65

0x070 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT Section 6.2.47 on page 66 0x074 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT Section 6.2.48 on page 66 0x078 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_AMB_COUNT Section 6.2.49 on page 66

0x07C RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME Section 6.2.50 on page 67

0x080 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_CONV_TIME Section 6.2.51 on page 67

0x10A READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD Section 6.2.52 on page 67

0x119 FIRMWARE__BOOTUP Section 6.2.52 on page 67 0x120 FIRMWARE__RESULT_SCALER Section 6.2.53 on page 68 0x212 I2C_SLAVE__DEVICE_ADDRESS Section 6.2.55 on page 68

0x2A3 INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE Section 6.2.56 on page 69

RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_x Section 6.2.41 on page 63

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6.2 Register descriptions

6.2.1 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_ID

76543210

identification__model_id

R/W

Address: 0x000 Type: R/W Reset: 0xB4 Description:

[7:0] identification__model_id: Device model identification number. 0xB4 = VL6180X

6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MAJOR

76543210

RESERVED identification__model_rev_major

RR/W

Address: 0x001 Type: R/W Reset: 0x1, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[2:0] identification__model_rev_major: Revision identifier of the Device for major change.

6.2.3 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR

76543210

RESERVED identification__model_rev_minor

RR/W

Address: 0x002 Type: R/W Reset: 0x3, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[2:0] identification__model_rev_minor: Revision identifi er of the Device for minor change.

IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR = 3 for latest ROM revision

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6.2.4 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MAJOR

76543210

RESERVED identification__module_rev_major

RR/W

Address: 0x003 Type: R/W Reset: 0x1, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[2:0] identification__module_rev_major: Revision identifier of the Module Package for major change.

Used to store NVM content version. Contact ST for current information.

6.2.5 IDENTIFICATION__MODULE_REV_MINOR

76543210

RESERVED identification__module_rev_minor

RR/W

Address: 0x004 Type: R/W Reset: 0x2, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[2:0] identification__module_rev_minor: Revision identifier of the Module Package for minor change.

Used to store NVM content version. Contact ST for current information.

6.2.6 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI

76543210

identification__year identification__month

R/W R/W

Address: 0x006 Type: R/W Reset: 0xYY, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description: Part of the register set that can be used to uniquely identify a module.

[7:4] identification__year: Last digit of manufacturing year (bits[3:0]). [3:0] identification__month: Manufacturing month (bits[3:0]).

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6.2.7 IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO

76543210

identification__day identification__phase

R/W R/W

Address: 0x007 Type: R/W Reset: 0xYY, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description: Part of the register set that can be used to uniquely identify a module.

[7:3] identification__day: Manufacturing day (bits[4:0]). [2:0] identification__phase: Manufacturing phase identification (bits[2:0]).

6.2.8 IDENTIFICATION__TIME

1514131211109876543210

identification__time

R/W

Address: 0x008:0x009 Type: R/W Reset: 0xYYYY, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description: Part of the register set that can be used to uniquely identify a module.

[15:0] identification__time: Time since midnight (in seconds) = register_value * 2

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6.2.9 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO0

76543210

RESERVED

system__gpio0_is_xshutdown

system__gpio0_polarity

R R/W R/W R/W R/W

system__gpio0_select

Address: 0x010 Type: R/W Reset: 0x60 Description:

[6] system__gpio0_is_xshutdown: Priority mode - when enabled, other bits of the register are

ignored. GPIO0 is main XSHUTDOWN input. 0: Disabled

1: Enabled - GPIO0 is main XSHUTDOWN input.

[5] system__gpio0_polarity: Signal Polarity Selection.

0: Active-low 1: Active-high

[4:1] system__gpio0_select: Functional configuration options.

0000: OFF (Hi-Z) 1000: GPIO Interrupt output

[0] Reserved. Write 0.

RESERVED

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6.2.10 SYSTEM__MODE_GPIO1

76543210

RESERVED

R R/W R/W R/W

Address: 0x011 Type: R/W Reset: 0x20 Description:

[5] system__gpio1_polarity: Signal Polarity Selection.

0: Active-low 1: Active-high

[4:1] system__gpio1_select: Functional configuration options.

0000: OFF (Hi-Z) 1000: GPIO Interrupt output

[0] Reserved. Write 0.

RESERVED

system__gpio1_polarity

system__gpio1_select

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6.2.11 SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL

76543210

RESERVED

Address: 0x012 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[2] system__history_buffer_clear: User-command to clear history (FW will auto-clear this bit when

clear has completed). 0: Disabled

1: Clear all history buffers

[1] system__history_buffer_mode: Select mode buffer results for:

0: Ranging (stores the last 8 ranging values (8-b it) 1: ALS (stores the last 8 ALS values (16-bit)

[0] system__history_buffer_enable: Enable History buffering.

0: Disabled 1: Enabled

system__history_buffer_clear

R R/W R/W R/W

system__history_buffer_mode

system__history_buffer_enable

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6.2.12 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO

76543210

RESERVED als_int_mode range_int_mode

RR/W R/W

Address: 0x014 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[5:3] als_int_mode: Interrupt mode source for ALS readings:

0: Disabled 1: Level Low (value < thresh_low) 2: Level High (value > thresh_high) 3: Out Of Window (value < thresh_low OR value > thresh_high)

4: New sample ready

[2:0] range_int_mode: Interrupt mode source for Range readings:

0: Disabled 1: Level Low (value < thresh_low) 2: Level High (value > thresh_high) 3: Out Of Window (value < thresh_low OR value > thresh_high)

4: New sample ready

6.2.13 SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CLEAR

76543210

RESERVED int_clear_sig

RR/W

Address: 0x015 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[2:0] int_clear_sig: Interrupt clear bits. Writing a 1 to each bit will clear the intended interrupt.

Bit [0] - Clear Range Int Bit [1] - Clear ALS Int Bit [2] - Clear Error Int.

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6.2.14 SYSTEM__FRESH_OUT_OF_RESET

76543210

RESERVED

RR/W

Address: 0x016 Type: R/W Reset: 0x1 Description:

[0] fresh_out_of_reset: Fresh out of reset bit, default of 1, user can set this to 0 after initial boot and

can therefore use this to check for a reset condition

6.2.15 SYSTEM__GROUPED_PARAMETER_HOLD

76543210

RESERVED

RR/W

fresh_out_of_reset

grouped_parameter_hold

Address: 0x017 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[0] grouped_parameter_hold: Flag set over I2C to indicate that data is being updated

0: Data is stable - FW is safe to copy 1: Data being updated - FW not safe to copy

Usage: set to 0x01 first, write any of the registers listed below, then set to 0x00 so that the settings are used by the firmware at the start of the next measurement.

SYSTEM__INTERRUPT_CONFIG_GPIO SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH SYSALS__THRESH_LOW

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6.2.16 SYSRANGE__START

76543210

RESERVED

sysrange__mode_select

RR/WR/W

Address: 0x018 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[1] sysrange__mode_select: Device Mode select

0: Ranging Mode Single-Shot 1: Ranging Mode Continuous

[0] sysrange__startstop: StartStop trigger based on current mode and system configuration of

device_ready. FW clears register automatically. Setting this bit to 1 in single-shot mode starts a single measurement. Setting this bit to 1 in continuous mode will either start continuous operation (if stopped) or halt continuous operation (if started). This bit is auto-cleared in both modes of operation.

sysrange__startstop

6.2.17 SYSRANGE__THRESH_HIGH

76543210

sysrange__thresh_high

R/W

Address: 0x019 Type: R/W Reset: 0xFF Description:

[7:0] sysrange__thresh_high: High Threshold value for ranging comparison. Range 0-255mm.

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6.2.18 SYSRANGE__THRESH_LOW

76543210

sysrange__thresh_low

R/W

Address: 0x01A Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[7:0] sysrange__thresh_low: Low Threshold value for ranging comparison. Range 0-255mm.

6.2.19 SYSRANGE__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD

76543210

sysrange__intermeasurement_period

R/W

Address: 0x01B Type: R/W Reset: 0xFF Description:

[7:0] sysrange__intermeasurement_period: Time delay between measurements in Ranging

continuous mode. Range 0-254 (0 = 10ms). Step size = 10ms.

6.2.20 SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME

76543210

RESERVED sysrange__max_convergence_time

RR/W

Address: 0x01C Type: R/W Reset: 0x31 Description:

[5:0] sysrange__max_convergence_time: Maximum time to run measurement in Ranging modes.

Range 1 - 63 ms (1 code = 1 ms); Measurement aborted when limit reached to aid power reduction. For example, 0x01 = 1ms, 0x0a = 10ms.

Note: Effective max_convergence_time depends on readout_averaging_sample_period setting.

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6.2.21 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_COMPENSATION_RATE

1514131211109876543210

sysrange__crosstalk_compensation_rate

R/W

Address: 0x01E Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[15:0] sysrange__crosstalk_compensation_rate: User-controlled crosstalk compensation in Mcps (9.7

format).

6.2.22 SYSRANGE__CROSSTALK_VALID_HEIGHT

76543210

sysrange__crosstalk_valid_height

R/W

Address: 0x021 Type: R/W Reset: 0x14 Description:

[7:0] sysrange__crosstalk_valid_height: Minimum range value in mm to qua lify for crosstalk

compensation.

6.2.23 SYSRANGE__EARLY_CONVERGENCE_ESTIMATE

1514131211109876543210

Address: 0x022 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

sysrange__early_convergence_estimate

R/W

[15:0] FW carries out an estimate of convergence rate 0.5ms into each new range measurement. If

convergence rate is below user input value, the operation aborts to save power. Note: This register must be configured otherwise ECE should be disabled via

SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES.

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6.2.24 SYSRANGE__PART_TO_PART_RANGE_OFFSET

76543210

sysrange__part_to_part_range_offset

R/W

Address: 0x024 Type: R/W Reset: 0xYY, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[7:0] sysrange__part_to_part_range_offset: 2s complement format.

6.2.25 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_VALID_HEIGHT

76543210

sysrange__range_ignore_valid_height

R/W

Address: 0x025 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[7:0] sysrange__range_ignore_valid_height: Range below which ignore threshold is applied. Aim is

to ignore the cover glass i.e. low signal rate at near distance. Should not be applied to low reflectance target at far distance. Range in mm. Note: It is recommended to set this register to 255 if the range ignore feature is used.

6.2.26 SYSRANGE__RANGE_IGNORE_THRESHOLD

1514131211109876543210

Address: 0x026 Type: R/W Reset: 0xYY Description:

sysrange__range_ignore_threshold

R/W

[15:0] sysrange__range_ignore_threshold: User configurable min threshold signal return rate. Used

to filter out ranging due to cover glass when there is no target above the device. Mcps 9.7 format. Note: Register must be initialized if this feature is used.

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6.2.27 SYSRANGE__MAX_AMBIENT_LEVEL_MULT

76543210

sysrange__max_ambient_level_mult

R/W

Address: 0x02C Type: R/W Reset: 0xA0, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[7:0] sysrange__max_ambient_level_mult: User input value to multiply return_signal_count for

AMB:signal ratio check. If (amb counts * 6) > return_signal_count * mu lt then abandon measurement due to high ambient (4.4 format).

6.2.28 SYSRANGE__RANGE_CHECK_ENABLES

76543210

RESERVED

sysrange__signal_to_noise_enable

RR/WR/WRR/WR/W

Address: 0x02D Type: R/W Reset: 0x11, register default overwritten at boot-up by NVM contents. Description:

[4] sysrange__signal_to_noise_enable: Measurement enable/disable [1] sysrange__range_ignore_enable: Measurement enable/disable [0] sysrange__early_convergence_enable: Measurement enable/disable

sysrange__range_ignore_enable

sysrange__early_convergence_enable

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6.2.29 SYSRANGE__VHV_RECALIBRATE

76543210

RESERVED

sysrange__vhv_status

RR/WR/W

Address: 0x02E Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[1] sysrange__vhv_status: FW controlled status bit showing when FW has completed auto-vhv

process. 0: FW has finished autoVHV operation 1: During autoVHV operation

sysrange__vhv_recalibrate

[0] sysrange__vhv_recalibrate: User-Controlled enable bit to force FW to carry out recalibration of

the VHV setting for sensor array. FW clears bit after operation carried out. 0: Disabled

1: Manual trigger for VHV recalibration. Can only be called when ALS and ranging are in STOP mode

6.2.30 SYSRANGE__VHV_REPEAT_RATE

76543210

sysrange__vhv_repeate_rate

R/W

Address: 0x031 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[7:0] sysrange__vhv_repeat_rate: User entered repeat rate of auto VHV task (0 = off, 255 = after

every 255 measurements)

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6.2.31 SYSALS__START

76543210

RESERVED

sysals__mode_select

RR/WR/W

sysals__startstop

Address: 0x038 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[1] sysals__mode_select: Device Mode select

0: ALS Mode Single-Shot 1: ALS Mode Continuous

[0] sysals__startstop: Start/Stop trigger based on current mode and system configuration of

6.2.32 SYSALS__THRESH_HIGH

1514131211109876543210

sysals__thresh_high

R/W

Address: 0x03A Type: R/W Reset: 0xFFFF Description:

[15:0] sysals__thresh_high: Hig h Threshold value for ALS comparison. Range 0-65535 codes.

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6.2.33 SYSALS__THRESH_LOW

1514131211109876543210

sysals__thresh_low

R/W

Address: 0x03C Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[15:0] sysals__thresh_low: Low Threshold value for ALS comparison. Range 0-65535 codes.

6.2.34 SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD

76543210

sysals__intermeasurement_period

R/W

Address: 0x03E Type: R/W Reset: 0xFF Description:

[7:0] sysals__intermeasurement_period: Time delay between measurements in ALS continuous

mode. Range 0-254 (0 = 10ms). Step size = 10ms.

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6.2.35 SYSALS__ANALOGUE_GAIN

76543210

RESERVED sysals__analogue_gain_light

RR/W

Address: 0x03F Type: R/W Reset: 0x06 Description:

[2:0] sysals__analogue_gain_light: ALS analogue gain (light channel)

0: ALS Gain = 20 1: ALS Gain = 10 2: ALS Gain = 5.0 3: ALS Gain = 2.5 4: ALS Gain = 1.67 5: ALS Gain = 1.25 6: ALS Gain = 1.0 7: ALS Gain = 40 Controls the “light” channel gain.

Note: Upper nibble should be set to 0x4 i.e. For ALS gain of 1.0 write 0x46.

6.2.36 SYSALS__INTEGRATION_PERIOD

1514131211109876543210

Address: 0x040 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

RESERVED sysals__integration_period

RR/W

[8:0] sysals__integration_period: Integration period for ALS mode. 1 code = 1 ms (0 = 1 ms).

Recommended setting is 100 ms (0x63).

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6.2.37 RESULT__RANGE_STATUS

76543210

Address: 0x04D Type: R Reset: 0x1 Description:

[7:4] result__range_error_code: Specific error codes

0000: No error 0001: VCSEL Continuity Test 0010: VCSEL Watchdog Test 0011: VCSEL Watchdog 0100: PLL1 Lock 0101: PLL2 Lock 0110: Early Convergence Estimate 0111: Max Convergence 1000: No Target Ignore 1001: Not used 1010: Not used 1011: Max Signal To Noise Ratio 1100: Raw Ranging Algo Underflow 1101: Raw Ranging Algo Overflow 1110: Ranging Algo Underflow 1 111: Ranging Algo Overflow

result__range_error_code

result__range_min_threshold_hit

RRRRR

result__range_max_threshold_hit

result__range_measurement_ready

result__range_device_ready

[3] result__range_min_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE

Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

[2] result__range_max_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE

Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

[1] result__range_measurement_ready: Legacy register - DO NOT USE

Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

[0] result__range_device_ready: Device Ready. When set to 1, indicates the device mode and

configuration can be changed and a new start command will be accepted. When 0, indicates the device is busy.

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6.2.38 RESULT__ALS_STATUS

76543210

Address: 0x04E Type: R Reset: 0x1 Description:

[7:4] result__als_error_code: Specific error and debug codes

0000: No error 0001: Overflow error

0002: Underflow error

[3] result__als_min_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE

Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

[2] result__als_max_threshold_hit: Legacy register - DO NOT USE

Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

[1] result__als_measurement_ready: Legacy register - DO NOT USE

Use instead 6.2.39: RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

[0] result__als_device_ready: Device Ready. When set to 1, indicates the device mode and

configuration can be changed and a new start command will be accepted. When 0 indicates the device is busy.

result__als_error_code

result__als_min_threshold_hit

RRRRR

result__als_max_threshold_hit

result__als_measurement_ready

result__als_device_ready

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6.2.39 RESULT__INTERRUPT_STATUS_GPIO

76543210

result_int_error_gpio result_int_als_gpio result_int_range_gpio

RR R

Address: 0x04F Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

[7:6] result_int_error_gpio: Interrupt bits for Error:

0: No error reported 1: Laser Safety Error 2: PLL error (either PLL1 or PLL2)

[5:3] result_int_als_gpio: Interrupt bits for ALS:

0: No threshold events reported 1: Level Low threshold event 2: Level High threshold event 3: Out Of Window threshold event 4: New Sample Ready threshold event

[2:0] result_int_range_gpio: Interrupt bits for Range:

0: No threshold events reported 1: Level Low threshold event 2: Level High threshold event 3: Out Of Window threshold event 4: New Sample Ready threshold event

6.2.40 RESULT__ALS_VAL

1514131211109876543210

Address: 0x050 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

result__als_ambient_light

[15:0] result__als_ambient_light: 16 Bit ALS count output value. Lux value depends on Gain and

integration settings and calibrated lux/count setting.

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6.2.41 RESULT__HISTORY_BUFFER_x

1514131211109876543210

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_0

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_1

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_2

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_3

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_4

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_5

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_6

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_7

Address: 0x052 + x * 0x2 (x=0 to 7) Type: R

result__history_buffer_0

result__history_buffer_1

result__history_buffer_2

result__history_buffer_3

result__history_buffer_4

result__history_buffer_5

result__history_buffer_6

result__history_buffer_7

Reset: 0x0 Description: See also 6.2.11: SYSTEM__HISTORY_CTRL

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_0:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_1:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_2:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_3:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_4:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_5:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_6:

[15:0]

RESULT__HISTOR

Y_BUFFER_7:

[15:0]

result__history_buffer_0: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_latest; Bits[7:0] range_val_d1; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_latest

result__history_buffer_1: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d2; Bits[7:0] range_val_d3; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d1

result__history_buffer_2: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d4; Bits[7:0] range_val_d5; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d2

result__history_buffer_3: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d6; Bits[7:0] range_val_d7; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d3

result__history_buffer_4: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d8; Bits[7:0] range_val_d9; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d4

result__history_buffer_5: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d10; Bits[7:0] range_val_d11; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d5

result__history_buffer_6: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d12; Bits[7:0] range_val_d13; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d6

result__history_buffer_7: Range/ALS result value. Range mode; Bits[15:8] range_val_d14; Bits[7:0] range_val_d15; ALS mode; Bits[15:0] als_val_d7

DocID026171 Rev 6 63/79

Page 64

Device registers VL6180X

6.2.42 RESULT__RANGE_VAL

76543210

result__range_val

Address: 0x062 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

[7:0] result__range_val: Final range result value presented to the user for use. Unit is in mm.

6.2.43 RESULT__RANGE_RAW

76543210

result__range_raw

Address: 0x064 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

[7:0] result__range_raw: Raw Range result value with offset applied (no cross talk compensation

applied). Unit is in mm.

6.2.44 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_RATE

1514131211109876543210

Address: 0x066 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

result__range_return_rate

[15:0] result__range_return_rate: sensor count rate of signal returns correlated to IR emitter.

Computed from RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT / RETURN_CONV_TIME. Mcps 9.7 format

64/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

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VL6180X Device registers

6.2.45 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_RATE

1514131211109876543210

result__range_reference_rate

Address: 0x068 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

[15:0] result__range_reference_rate: sensor count rate of reference signal returns. Computed from

REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT / RETURN_CONV_TIME. Mcps 9.7 format Note: Both arrays converge at the same time, so using the return array convergence time is

correct.

6.2.46 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_SIGNAL_COUNT

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

Address: 0x06C Type: R

result__range_return_signal_count

Reset: 0x0 Description:

[31:0] result__range_return_signal_count: sensor count output value attributed to signal correlated to

IR emitter on the Return array.

DocID026171 Rev 6 65/79

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Device registers VL6180X

6.2.47 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_SIGNAL_COUNT

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

result__range_reference_signal_count

Address: 0x070 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

[31:0] result__range_reference_signal_count: sensor count output value attributed to signal

correlated to IR emitter on the Reference array.

6.2.48 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_AMB_COUNT

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

Address: 0x074 Type: R Reset: 0x0

result__range_return_amb_count

Description:

[31:0] result__range_return_amb_count: sensor count output value attributed to uncorrelated ambient

signal on the Return array. Must be multiplied by 6 if used to calculate the ambient to signal threshold.

6.2.49 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_AMB_COUNT

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

Address: 0x078 Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

result__range_reference_amb_count

[31:0] result__range_reference_amb_count: sensor count output value attributed to uncorrelated

ambient signal on the Reference array.

66/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

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VL6180X Device registers

6.2.50 RESULT__RANGE_RETURN_CONV_TIME

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

result__range_return_conv_time

Address: 0x07C Type: R Reset: 0x0 Description:

[31:0] result__range_return _conv_ ti me: senso r count output value attributed to signal on the Return

array.

6.2.51 RESULT__RANGE_REFERENCE_CONV_TIME

313029282726252423222120191817161514131211109876543210

Address: 0x080 Type: R Reset: 0x0

result__range_reference_conv_time

Description:

[31:0] result__range_reference_conv_time: sensor count output value attributed to signal on the

Reference array.

6.2.52 READOUT__AVERAGING_SAMPLE_PERIOD

76543210

readout__averaging_sample_period

R/W

Address: 0x10A Type: R/W Reset: 0x30 Description:

[7:0] readout__averaging_sample _period: The internal readout averaging sample period can be

adjusted from 0 to 255. Increasing the sampling period decreases noise but also reduces the effective max convergence time and increases power consumption: Effective max convergence time = max convergence time - readout averaging period (see

Section 2.5: Range timing). Each unit sample period corresponds to around 64.5 µs additional

processing time. The recommended setting is 48 which equates to around 4.3 ms.

DocID026171 Rev 6 67/79

Page 68

Device registers VL6180X

6.2.53 FIRMWARE__BOOTUP

76543210

RESERVED

RR/W

Address: 0x119 Type: R/W Reset: 0x1 Description:

[0] firmware__bootup: FW must set bit once initial boot has been completed.

6.2.54 FIRMWARE__RESULT_SCALER

76543210

RESERVED firmware__als_result_scaler

RR/W

Address: 0x120 Type: R/W Reset: 0x1 Description:

[3:0] firmware__als_result_scaler: Bits [3:0] analogue gain 1 to 16x

firmware__bootup

6.2.55 I2C_SLAVE__DEVICE_ADDRESS

76543210

RESERVED super_i2c_slave__device_address

RR/W

Address: 0x212 Type: R/W Reset: 0x29 Description:

[6:0] super_i2c_slave__device_address: User programmable I2C address (7-bit). Device address

can be re-designated after power-up.

68/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

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VL6180X Device registers

6.2.56 INTERLEAVED_MODE__ENABLE

76543210

interleaved_mode__enable

R/W

Address: 0x2A3 Type: R/W Reset: 0x0 Description:

[7:0] Interleaved mode enable: Write 0x1 to this register to select ALS+Range interleaved mode.

Use SYSALS__STAR T and SYSALS__INTERMEASUREMENT_PERIOD to control this mode. A range measurement is automatically performed immediately after each ALS measurement.

DocID026171 Rev 6 69/79

Page 70

Outline drawing VL6180X

SEE SHEET 2

AREA RESERVED FOR

PART MARKING

Imaging Division

1 OF 2

DAVID MCARDLE

25:1

Do Not Scale

MODULE OUTLINE DRAWING

8432884

14 DEC 12

All dimensions

Part No.

in mm

Interpret drawing per BS8888,

Finish

Date

Material

Drawn

Tolerances, unless otherwise stated

Surface Finish 1.6 microns

Scale

VL6180 BABYBEAR CUT 1.0

0.10

3RD Angle Projection

Sheet

Title

Linear

0 Place Decimals 0 ±0.05

1 Place Decimals 0.0 ±0.05

2 Place Decimals 0.00 ±0.05

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+0.05

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STMicroelectronics

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VL6180X

7 Outline drawing

Figure 27. Outline drawing (page 1/2)

70/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 71

VL6180X Outline drawing

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UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED

DAVID MCARDLE

2 OF 2

25:1

Imaging Division

MODULE OUTLINE DRAWING

8432884

14 DEC 12

VL6180 BABYBEAR CUT 1.0

All dimensions

Do Not Scale

in mm

Tolerances, unless otherwise stated

Interpret drawing per BS8888,

Part No.

Finish

Date

Drawn

Surface Finish 1.6 microns

Scale

0.10

3RD Angle Projection

Sheet

Title

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Linear

0 Place Decimals 0 ±0.05

1 Place Decimals 0.0 ±0.05

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STMicroelectronics

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VL6180X

Figure 28. Outline drawing (page 2/2)

DocID026171 Rev 6 71/79

Page 72

Laser safety considerations VL6180X

8 Laser safety considerations

The VL6180X contains a laser emitter and corresponding drive circuitry. The laser output is designed to remain within Class 1 laser safety limits under all reasonably foreseeable conditions including single faults in compliance with IEC 60825-1:2007. The laser output will remain within Class 1 limits as long as the STMicroelectronics recommended device settings are used and the operating conditions specified in this datasheet are respected. The laser output power must not be increased by any means and no optics should be used with the intention of focusing the laser beam.

Figure 29. Class 1 laser product label

8.1 Compliance

Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for deviati ons pur suan t to Laser Notice No.50, dated June 24, 2007.

72/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 73

VL6180X Ordering information

9 Ordering information

VL6180X is currently available in the following format. More detailed informa tion is available on request.

Order code Description

VL6180XV0NR/1 Tape and reel (5000 units in a reel)

9.1 Traceability and identification

Latest ROM revision can be identified as follows: 0x002 IDENTIFICATION__MODEL_REV_MINOR = 3

The minimum information required for traceability is the content of the following registers: 0x006 - IDENTIFICATION__DATE_HI

Table 26. Delivery format

0x007 - IDENTIFICATION__DATE_LO 0x008 - IDENTIFICATION__TIME (16-bit) 0x00A - IDENTIFICATION__CODE With this information, the module can be uniquely identified. Preferably, all the IDENTIFICATION register contents should be provided for traceability.

9.2 Part marking

Devices are marked on the underside as shown below. 1st line is the product ID. 2nd line is the manufacturing info. (circled in green), where the 1st four letters are the lot ID and the last 3 digits are the year + week number. Here: 338 is 2013 wk38. The final letter, circled in red, is the ROM revision (‘D’).

Figure 30. Part marking

DocID026171 Rev 6 73/79

Page 74

Ordering information VL6180X

0.30 0.05 (T)

5 °

5.10 (Bo)

1.20 (Ko)

12.0 0.3 (W)

5.5 0.05 (F)

SECTION B-B

SECTION A-A

3.10 (Ao)

1.55 0.1 (Do)

2.0 (P2)

4.0 (Po)

1.75 (E)

1.6 0.05 (D1)

8.0 (P1)

Ao 0.1

3.10

Bo 0.1

5.10

Ko 0.1

1.20

E 0.1

1.75

F 0.05

5.5

Po 0.1

4.0

P1 0.1

8.0

P2 0.1

2.0

Do 0.1

1.55

T 0.05

0.30

W 0.3

12.0

USER FEED

DIRECTION

+-+-+

+-+

9.3 Packaging

The Root part number 1 is available in tape and reel packaging as shown in Figure 31.

Figure 31. Tape and reel packaging

9.3.1 Package labeling

The labeling on the packing carton is shown in Figure 32. The latest ROM revision is indicated alongside the order code (shaded green) and also after the product marking (shaded pink).

Figure 32. Package labeling

74/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 75

VL6180X Ordering information

9.4 Storage

The Root part number 1 is a MSL 3 package.

Table 27. Storage conditions

Level

31 Week

After this limit, dry bake to be done; 3 hours at 125

9.5 ROHS compliance

The Root part number 1 is Ecopack2 compliant as per ST definition. Devices which are ROHS compliant even with use of ROHS exemption(s) and free of

Halogenated flame retardant are named ECOPACK2 devices with the following definition:

• ROHS complia nt ev en with us e of ROHS exe m pt ion (s )

• 500 ppm maximum of Antimony as oxide or organic compound in each organic assy

Materials (glue, substrate, mod compounds, housing...). Antimony in ceramic parts, in glass and in solder alloy is not restricted.

• 900 ppm maximum Bromine + Chlorine in each organic ass materials (glue, substrate, mold compounds, housing...)

These values are referring to maximum total content not to extractable ions content. Purchasing specification of assembly materials can impose lower values for technical reasons.

Floor Life (out of bag) at Factory

Ambient <30oC/60% RH

ECOP ACK2 de vice s are of course fully compliant to ST banned and declarable substances specification and for example cannot contain red Phosphorus flame retardant.

DocID026171 Rev 6 75/79

Page 76

ECOPACK

VL6180X

10 ECOPACK

In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK

packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®

is an ST trademark.

76/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 77

VL6180X Revision history

11 Revision history

Table 28. Document revision history

Date Revision Changes

23-Sep-2013 1 Initial release.

General update for latest ROM revision:

Section 1.1: Technical specification updated Section 1.4: Application schematic updated Section 1.5: Recommended solder pad dimensions updated

Notes added to Figure 5.: Recommended reflow profile

Section 2.13: Ambient light sensor (ALS) updated.

30-Jan-2014 1.1

Section 3.1: Absolute maximum ratings added Section 3.2: Normal operating conditions extended Section 4: Performance specification added

Revised outline drawing added to Section 7: Outline drawing Class 1 laser product label added to Section 7: Outline drawing

Section 9: Ordering information added information relating to

device marking and package labeling Updates to the following sections:

Section 1.5: Recommended solder pad dimensions Section 3.2: Normal operating conditions Section 3.4: Electrical characteristics

02-Apr-2014 1.2

Section 4.1: Proximity ranging (0 to 100mm)

Added Section 4.2: ALS performance Corrected error codes in.Section 6.2.38: RESULT__ALS_STATUS Updated Section 6.2.20:

SYSRANGE__MAX_CONVERGENCE_TIME

Product code changed to VL6180X

09-Apr-14 2

Add documentation reference number (026171) Update Disclaimer

ALS linearity spec updated in Section 4.2: ALS performance Updated some detail in Table 1.: Technical specification Added comment to Section 1.3: Device pinout stating that pins

15-May-14 3

labeled ‘no connect’ can optionally be connected to ground Added test condition to Section 3.3: Current consumption Errata corrections in 6.2.8, 6.2.35 and 6.2.54

Section 7: Outline drawing updated (no dimensional changes)

Dry bake conditions updated in Section 9.4: Storage

28-May-14 4 Added Section 8.1: Compliance

DocID026171 Rev 6 77/79

Page 78

Revision history VL6180X

Table 28. Document revision history (continued)

Date Revision Changes

Re-write of Section 2: Functional description.

Section 6: Device registers: Added introduction and minor

16-Jun-14 5

20-Aug-2014 6

corrections

Section 7: Outline drawing updated to Rev B1. Supplier dependent

gate mark added. Updates:

Section 2.8.3: Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR): Clarified SNR

calculation.

Section 6: Device registers: Corrected a clarified some register

descriptions. Typical ranging performance graph updated. Delivery & manufacturing info updated.

78/79 DocID026171 Rev 6

Page 79

VL6180X

IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY

STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, enhance ments, modifications, and improvements to ST products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on ST products before placing orders. ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgement.

Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or the design of Purchasers’ products.

No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by ST herein.

Resale of ST products with provisions different from the information set forth herein shall void any warranty granted by ST for such product.

ST and the ST logo are trademarks of ST. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.

Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document.

DocID026171 Rev 6 79/79