Datasheet MLX90805S Datasheet (MELEXIS)

Featur es an d Be n efi ts

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“Soft Start” Eliminates Current Surges

rated Design Eliminates External Components

Inte
Drives Virtuall

Any Resistive or Inductive Load

Built–in Thermal Protection

ital Design For Stable Triac Contro l

Di
Immune to Lifetime and Thermal Drift
Low Power Cons umption
50Hz/60Hz Operation

Applications

AC Light Dimmer
Soft-Start AC Motor Controller
Variable-Speed AC Motor Controller

MLX9 0805

Intelligent Triac Controller

Ordering Information

Part No. Temperature Suffix Package version Temperature Range

MLX90805 S A -x 0C to 85C
MLX90805 S L -x 0C to 85C
The customer specific version code
the end of the orderin

number.

Functional Diagram

Vss Vdda

90805

Power monitorin

and reset

Logic

ZCD

SET

Vref

ADC

Vref

Voltage

regulator

zero
crossin
detector

Lookup

ROM

Vref/2

COMP

defining the options) is indicated with 1 character at

Description

The MLX90805 is a power control IC ideall

resistive or inductive load

ned primarily for starting and

hts.

purpose is to provide a “soft start”

current inrush. The triac is

changing the option bits.

function of the 90805 is proper

uency locked loop for

Triac driver

Auto

retriggerin

Options

for control of an

ulated by a triac.

re
The chip was desi
speed control of AC motors, but will work e
with an
Incandescent li
The c hip’s pr i m ar
for a motor , prev entin
controlled b
maximum power. Start rate can be varied from 0.5
sec. to 3 sec, b
The secondar

nition of the triac for inductive and resistive loads,

i
while keepin
minimum.
Added features include a fre
stable i

Inductive or resistive load such as

a linear “ramp” from minimum to

the triac’s current consumption to a

nition point.

suited

ually well

THP FB

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 1

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 1 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX9 0805

Intelligent Triac Controller

Description of Block Diagram

Voltage Regulator

The chip is supplied from the AC line voltage, by a
half wave rectifi er. The voltage at pin VDDA is limited
to ~ 15.5V. The digital part and some of the periph­eral blocks are supplied by internally generated VDD
~ 5V.

Analog Power on Reset

This block tracks the voltage at VDDA, and permits
generation of firing pulses for the triac only if VDDA >
~13V. It is considered otherwise that the motor is not
properly supplied by the mains.

Oscillator

There is an on chip oscillator. All timing constraints
inside the chip are derived from this clock.

FLL

A frequency locked loop circuit is implemented to
obtain a clock frequency from a current controlled
oscillator, by using the mains frequency as a refer­ence. A successive approximation algorithm is used
at start up to minimize the time for the oscillator ad­justm ent.

Reference Voltage

This voltage is used to supply the external potenti­ometer for th e definition of different speed setti ngs.

Logic

This block performs all control functions to realize
time synchronization, smooth soft start, and proper
triac firing, so that motor runs at a defined speed.

Triac Driver

This output is able to drive directly a triac. It defines
the triac gate current and operates as current gen­erator. There is no need of external resistor for cur­rent limitation.

Auto Retriggering

This block tracks if the triac is on after each firing
pulse. If the triac is off 20us after a firing pulse, a
new pulse is generated.

Thermal Protection

The chip is able to supply an external protection cir­cuitry, typically an NTC resistor with reference resis­tor , to track the ambient temperature. If the vol tage at
THP equals Vref/2 the protection is activated and
the chip sets the firing angle defined by the value in
ROM address 1. A resistor connected to pin FB can
introduce hysteresis in the detection level.

Options

Thi s bl ock def i nes di ff eren t mo des of t he chi p o per a­tion.

ADC

The analog signal from the potentiometer, which de­fines the s peed s etti ng, i s tra nsfer red into digital by a
4-bit ADC. The reference for the converter is the volt­age u sed to supply the p otentiometer.

90805

Vss Vdda

Voltage

regulator

Power monitoring

and reset

ROM

The d igital words from the A DC act as the a ddress of
a ROM table in whi ch th e different f iri ng angles are
programmed. This means that 16 different firing an­gles can be selected.

ZCD

SET

ADC

zero

crossing

detector

Lookup

ROM

Logic

Triac driver

Auto

retriggering

Zero Cross

Vref

Vref/2

COMP

THP FB

Options

This block detects the moments when mains voltage

Vref

crosses zero level. An accurate detection allows
good synchronization, so firing pulses driving the
triac can be generated at the right moment.

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 2 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX90805 Electrical Specifications

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Condition

Tamb

Ambient temperature

0 85 °C

Tch Maximum chip temperature

150 °C

Rth Thermal resistance

110

°C/Ω DIP8 or SOP8 package

IDDAm

Maximum allowed source su

p-

ply current

10 mA

Drivers off, all the current flows

in the chip

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Condition

VDDA

Voltage applied at the supply

pin 14 16 18 V IDDA = 5mA

VDD Internal 5V supply

4.6 5.0 5.4 V

IDDA Current consumption

3 mA

VDDA = 14V

VREF

For external circuitry

4.6 5 5.4 V IREF = 8mA

g

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Conditions

Vdporh

High level threshold

2.5 V Vdporl

Low level threshold

2.0 V Vdphyst

Hysteresis

0.5 V

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Condition

Vaporh

High level threshold

12 13 14 V Vaporl

Low level threshold

9 10 11 V Vaphyst

Hysteresis

2 3 4 V

Environmental Conditions

Analog Fea tures

Power Sup ply

High voltage supply should be applied between VDDA and VSS.

MLX9 0805

Intelligent Triac Controller

Power On Reset

This block ensures a correct sta r t of the digital part.
The reset si

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 3

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 3 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

nal goes up for VDD > Vdporh and down for VDD < Vdporl.

MLX9 0805

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Conditions

Vzc1h

High level threshold 1

VDDA

+0.5 V Vzc1l

Low level threshold 1

VDDA

-

0.5 V Vzc2h

High level threshold 2

VDDA

-

1.5 V Vzc2l

Low level threshold 2

VDDA

-

2.5 V Rzc External resistor

470

kΩ

Vline = 230VAC typ

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Conditions

ITRG Triac gate current

30 60 90 mA

VDDA > Vaporh

Symbol

Description

Min Typ Max Unit Conditions

Resolution

4

bits

VREF

Reference voltage

4.6 5 5.4 V

Intelligent Triac Controller

Zero Cross Detector

This detector contains two comparators with hysteresis. The first comparator has its reference at VDDA. The
reference of the second one is VDDA-1V.

Triac (Ignition) Driver

This driver operates as a current generator to fire the triac ON.

ADC

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 4 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX9 0805

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(FB)

(FB)

Intelligent Triac Controller

Digital F eat ur e s

Debounce of ADC

The result from the pot entiometer reading must not

ump f rom one po s ition to the other , therefore a spe­cial debouncin
compares the c urrent value from the ADC wi th the
previous one. The new value is accepted onl
absolute difference between the new and the previ­ous value is

Power Settings (ROM table)

The ADC output data is applied after debouncing at
the address bus of the ROM and the correspondin
power settin
[9: 0]. Th e co nten t of th e RO M ca n be d efi ned fr eel
it does not need to be linearl
the pot enti omet er s etti n
tion to the other, the phase an
new position via the soft start procedure, avoidin
abrupt chan
For pro
ROM table, foll owin

in msec) is the delay from the prev ious zero cross -

to th e mom ent of ignition:

in

f.e.: for a phase an
mains, and thus:

Note:

The value should not be negative: very small values
can not be pro

is designed. The debounce circuit

if the

reater then 1 LS B.

s are av aila ble at its d ata out put S ETP

or continuous. When

is changed from one posi-

le is moved to the

es.

ramming the different speed settings in t he

formula can be used, given ti

102]0:9[ −••= FmainstiROMi

le of 50%, ti = 5msec for a 50Hz

490105025]0:9[ =−••=ROMi

rammed.

Firing

The soft start circuit generates a predefined set of
values for the i
compared with the value of a down counter, which is
clocked b
and is cleared at be
mains. When the counter value becomes e
IGN the firin
GATE with duration 20us, 40us, 80us or 320us. This
dur ation ca n be chosen with opt ion DUTS [1:0]. The

eri ng circuit checks whether the triac is ON, if

retri
not additional firin

wit h respec t to the en d of the p revio us firi ng pulse)

until firin

Thermal Protection

An external circuitry supplied by VREF defines the

:

e at pin THP. This voltage is proportional to

volta
Tamb. It is tracked b
ferred to V REF/2. The tracki n
When the switch is ON
checks if Tamb is

es, the motor is driven to operate at the speed de­fined at the first ROM address. Durin
the switch is OFF, the chip checks what kind of mode
is defined b
potentiometer connection. A reconnection of the ele­ment s used f or therm al pr otecti on is n eeded on l
define the active mode of operation.

The temperatures for which thermal protection be­comes active or not are defined b
ment s, keepin
toVREF/2.
In t he ca se when therm al p rotec tio n is n ot used , pi n
THP should be connected to pin FB, which is con­nected either to Vss or to Vref, dependin
mode.

2-wire mode, if V
3-wire mode, if V

nition angle IG N. Thes e values are

DCLK = 100kHz (the resolution is 10 us)

inning of every half period of

circuit produces an ignition pulse

puls es ar e genera ted every 20us

of the triac.

an internal comparator re-

proc ess is samp led.

see bl o c k di agram), the chip

reater than a predefined value. If

the time wh en

the ext ern al el emen ts: 2-wir e or 3-wir e

the ext ern al el e-

in mind that comparator is referred

= VREF
= VSS

ual to

to

on the

Soft Start

The soft start is initiated after the supply volt age has
been built up. This behavior
start-up for the motor and automaticall
optimum run-up time. The motor is fired initiall

small phase angle, i.e. a delay time very

a ver
close to half the mains period. The phase an
than increasin
pot en t iomet er set t in

the option ATN[4:0]. This option defines the time

b
to increase the phase an
mum. If the phase an
ter, is not the maximum phase an
start run-up time is decreased proportionall

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 5

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 5 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

up to the phase angle defined by the

. The rate of increase is defined

le, selected by the potent iome-

uarantees a gentle

ensures the

wit h

le is

le from minimum to maxi-

le then the soft

.

MLX9 0805

Pin Name

Type Description

1 SET Input Potentiometer input

2

THP Input Thermal protection

3 FB

Input Feed back to create

hysteresis for thermal

protection

4 ZC

Input Zero cross input

5

TRG Output

Triac driver output

6

VSS Supply

Ground

7

VDDA

Supply

Supply, high level

8

VREF

Output

Reference voltage

Rom address

Value

0

590 1 567 2 544 3 522 4 500 5 477 6 456 7 434 8 411 9 387 10 362 11 335 12 305 13 273 14 231 15 112

Intelligent Triac Controller

Pinout

Standard package is 8-pin dual inline package.
(Known as DIP-8, PDIP-8, DIL-8 and PDIL-8)

Precautions

Options

The followin g options are available:

Firing angle definition

The firing angles, and corresponding motor speeds,
can be defined in ROMi[9:0]. This is the ROM table
which is addressed by the ADC reading the
potentiometer setting. The RO M contai ns 16 words
of 10 bits. For programming the different speed
sett ings in the RO M table, f ollowi ng form ula can be
used, given ti (in msec) is the delay from the
previous zero crossing to the moment of ignition:

FmainstiROMi

With: Fmains = frequency of the mains (in Hz)

−••=

102]0:9[

Note:

The value should not be negative: very small values
can not be programmed.
The content of the ROM can be defined freely: it
does not need to be linear or continuous. However
for a proper softstart generation under all conditions,
the value with minimum firing angle (thus maximum
speed) must be in the highest ROM address.

Default v al u es:

Disturbance Immunity

According to pr EN 55014-2

ESD

All I/O pins must withstand the normalized ESD
pulses up to 2kV (100pF / 1.5 kΩ). The pins will be
stressed in both polarities, with respect to the combi­nation of all supply pins.

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 6 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX9 0805

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DUTS1

DUTS0

Duration in

S 0 0 320 0 1 80 1 0 40 1 1 20

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gg

Intelligent Triac Controller

Maximum phase angle

Independent of the phase angle definitions in the
ROM table, a maximum phase an
This is the phase an

after the power on sequence, and is therefore

atel
the first phase an
This maximum phase an
with the formula:

MIN[9:0] = Tini * 2 * Fmains - 10
With:
Tini = the initial phase an
Fmains = fre

Default value:
Tini = 7 msec and Fmains = 50Hz, thus MIN[9:0] is

690.

uency of the mains (in Hz)

le that will be applied immedi-

le in the soft start sequence.

le is defined in MIN[9:0]

le (in msec)

le can be defined.

Soft start time duration

There are 5 bits ATN[4:0] used to define the duration
of the soft start time. The bits can be calculated with
followin

Ts =
With:
Ts = the duration of the soft start
Tini = the initial phase an
msec

Tmin = the phase an
in the hi

ATTN = bin2dec
and 32.

Default value:
Tini = 8m sec, Tmin = 1.84 m sec, ATTN = 32, thu s Ts
= 3.15 sec.

formula:

Tini – Tmin) * ATTN ) / 62.5

in sec.)

le defined by MIN[9: 0] (in

le corresponding to th e value

hest ROM address (in msec)

ATN[4:0]+1), a value between 2

Firing pulse duration

The duration of the firing pulses can be defined by
the bits D UTS[ 1:0] accordin

The default value is 20 usec.

to following table.

Enable Retriggering

With bit RTRIG set to 1, triac retr iggeri ng is enabled.
The retri
ON, if not additional firin
ever
firin
With bit RTRIG set to 0, tria c retri
For each tri ac firin
dela
previous firin

The default value is tri

ering circuit checks whether the triac is

pulses are generated

20us (wit h respec t to the en d of t he pr eviou s

puls e) until firing of th e tria c.

ering is disabled.

two pul ses ar e genera ted w ith a

of 20 usec (with respect to the end of the

pulse).

ering enabled.

Retriggering Mask

With the option MINA[3:0] it is possible to define a
zone at the end of each half c

e, where it is impossible to generate

volta

ering pulses. This has two purposes:

retri
With some

become
This can eventuall
which will unnecessaril
thus increasin

When
zero crossin
half period. With some
lead to false tri
avoided.

The bits MINA[3:0] are defined accordin
followin

Tmina * 2 * Fmains = MINA[3:0] * 64
With:
Tmina = the phase an
prohibited
Fmains = fre

Default value:
MINA[3:0]=1101'b=13'd and Fmain = 50Hz, this
means th at retr i

non inductive) loads the current can

uite small at the end of each half cycle.

activate the retriggering circuit

enerate additional pulses

the curren t cons umption.

enerating a retr iggeri ng pulse just before the

, this pulse could overlap to the next

non inductive) loads this can

ering at full power and must be

formula:

le from which retriggering is

in msec)

uency of the mains (in Hz)

ering is prohibited a t 8.32ms.

cle of the mains

to the

Soft start only Function regulator

See page 8

µ

2-wire or 3-wire potentiometer
connection.

See pages 9 and 10

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 7

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 7 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

Intelligent Triac Controller

Applications Example - Soft Start Only

N

Cf

Vdda

90805

ZC

VssRZ

TRG

SET

MLX9 0805

L

RM

Soft Start Only

The chip is used to perform smooth soft start of an
electri c al m o t or. It d et ec t s w hen t h e m a in s v ol t ag e i s
applied and generates firing pulses for the triac. The
motor starts running, and the maximum speed (motor
operating at full power) is reached after a predefined
time. This application is defined by fixing V(SET) =
Vref . This means, after s oft star t gener atio n, alwa ys
the maximum speed (corresponding to the highest
ROM address) is sele cte d.

M

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 8 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX9 0805

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Intelligent Triac Controller

Applications Example - Soft Start with 2-Wire Setting

N

Cf

Vdda

ZC

RZ

L

Vss

RM

TH P Vref FB SET

Soft Start With 2-Wire Setting

The s peed c o nt r ol is p erf o rmed in a d di ti o n to th e s of t
start in this application. A potentiometer in 2-wire
connection is used to define different speed settin
An additional resistor RP with value e
tentiometer is used to keep the ADC input to be ra­tiometric. In this case, the input si
varies between 0 and VREF/2.
The minimum speed corresponds to a potentiometer
set to its minimum value
speed corresponds to a potentiometer set to its maxi­mum value. When the mains volta

stem, the motor starts running at a speed defi ned

s

the potentiometer, as soon as the soft start time

b
has finished.
The disadvanta
maximum speed settin
lute value of the potentiometer defines the tolerance
of the volta
accurate selection of the maximum speed settin
This can be avoided when usin
tion.
The volta
address a ROM table in which the different phase

les are defined with a 10 bit resolution.

an
The 2 -wir e mode is select ed b
VREF

event ual ly via a r esist or).

e of t he 2- wir e ap pli ca ti on is that , a t

e at the SET input, resulting in a less

e at SET is transferred to a 4 bit value to

i.e. Rpot = 0). Maximum

, the tolerance on the abso-

ual to the po-

nal for the ADC

e is applied to the

the 3- wire a pplic a-

connecting VFB to

s.

90805

R1R2

NTC Pot

RP

TRG

M

Note:

R1, R2 and NTC are only needed for therm al pro­tection, and can be left out otherwise

.

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 9

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 9 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX9 0805

Intelligent Triac Controller

Applications Example - Soft Start with 3-Wire Setting

N

Cf

Vdda

ZC

RZ

L

Vss

RM

Soft Start With 3-Wire Setting

The s peed c o nt r ol is p erf o rmed in a d di ti o n to th e s of t
start in this application. A potentiometer in 3-wire
connection is used to define different speed settings.
The input signal for the ADC varies between 0 and
VREF.
The minimum speed correspond s to a maxi mu m volt­age at SET. Maximum speed corresponds to a mini­mum volt ag e at S ET. W hen t he m ain s vol tag e i s ap­plied to the system, the motor starts running at a
speed defined by the potentiometer, as soon as the
soft star t time has finished.
The v olt age at SET i s tr ansf erred t o a 4 b it va lue t o
address a ROM table in which the different phase
angles are defined with a 10 bit resolution.
The 3-wire mode is selected by connecting VFB to
VSS (eventually via a resistor).

90805

TH P Vref FBSET

NTC

R2

TRG

R1

M

Pot

Note:

R1, R2 and NTC ar e onl y n eeded f or t herm al pr o­tection, and can be left out otherwise

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 10 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

MLX9 0805

y

Intelligent Triac Controller

Performance of Soft Start Mechanism.

The p lot s ar e a m easur em ent of mot or c urr ent (signal A1) and sp eed (signal A2) during startup for a particular
motor.
In the first plot we have a soft start of approx. 3 seconds.

In the second plot we directl

connect the same motor to the line voltage:

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 11

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 11 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

“A” Package Dimensions

MLX9 0805

Intelligent Triac Controller

0.20

0.38

6.10

7.11

1.1
5

1.7
7

Dimension 8 Leads 16 Leads 18 Leads 20 Leads14 Leads 24 Leads

0.35

0.55

A

2.54

BSC

Min

Max

9.02

10.16

A

18.67

19.68

18.67

19.68

5.33

MAX

2.93

4.06

Notes:
1-All measurements in mm

2-Body dimensions do not include mold
flash or protrusion - not to exceed

0.39

0.15mm

Min

22.35

23.67

24.89

26.92

7.62

BSC

31.24

32.51

10.92
Max

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 12 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

“SO” Package Dimensions

y

MLX9 0805

Intelligent Triac Controller

0.33

0.51

1.27

A

Dimension 8 Leads 14 Leads

Min

A

Max

4.80

5.00

8.55

8.75

0.010 min.

16 Leads

9.80

10.00

3.80

4.00

5.80

6.20

0o to 8

o

Notes:

1-All nominal measurements in millimeters
2-Body dimensions do not include mold flash
or protrusion - not to exceed

0.15mm

2.35

2.65

0.40

1.27

For the lat est version of this doc u m ent ,
Go to our website at:

www.melexis.com

Or for addit i on al informati on
contact Melexis Direct:

USA

Melexis Inc.
41 Locke Road, Concord, NH 03301
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: sales_usa @melex is.co m

United Kingdom

Silicon Concepts
PCB Lynchborough Road, Hampshire GU30 7SB, United Kingdom
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: sale s_ u k@ me lexis.co m

Germany

Am Seestern 8, 40547 Düsseldorf, Germany
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]

MLX902xx Name of Sensor Rev Y.X 22/Aug/98 Page 13

MLX90805 Intelligent Triac Controller Page 13 Rev 1.2 17/May/00

France

Melexis France
Tour Arago, 5 rue Bellini, 92806 Puteaux-La-Défense, France.
Phone: [phone] Fa x: [phone]
E-mail: sales_fran c e@ me lexis.com

Ital

Dimacred IRL
Via Papa Giovanni XXIII no. 25, 20046 Biassono, Italy
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: sale [e-mail]

Japan

Satori Electric Co., LTD
1-14-10 Shiba, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: sale [e-mail]

Taiwan

Beechwood Int’l Taiwan Co.
Room 8, 17F, No. 189, Taipei, Taiwan
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: sales_ta i wan@melex is.com