The ML4833 is a complete solution for a dimmable or a
non-dimmable, high power factor, high efficiency
electronic ballast. The BiCMOS ML4833 contains
controllers for “boost” type power factor correction as
well as for a dimming ballast. The ML4833 was designed
to minimize the number of external components required
to build an electronic ballast.
The PFC circuit uses a new, simple PFC topology which
requires only one loop for compensation. This system
produces a power factor of better than 0.99 with low
input current THD. An overvoltage protection comparator
inhibits the PFC section in the event of a lamp out or lamp
failure condition.
The ballast controller section provides for programmable
starting sequence with individually adjustable preheat and
lamp out-of-socket interrupt times. The IC controls lamp
output power through feedback. The ML4833 provides a
power down input which reduces power to the lamp, for
GFI, end of life, etc.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FEATURES
■ Complete power factor correction and dimming
ballast control in one IC
■ Low distortion, high efficiency continuous boost,
peak current sensing PFC section
■ Programmable start scenario for rapid or
instant start lamps
■ Lamp current feedback for dimming control
■ Variable frequency dimming and starting
■ Programmable restart for lamp out condition to
reduce ballast heating
■ Internal over-temperature shutdown replaces
external heat sensor
■ PFC overvoltage comparator eliminates output
“runaway” due to load removal
■ Low start-up current <0.5mA
■ Power reduction pin for end of life and GFI detectors
(* Indicates part is End Of Life as of July 1, 2000)
6
7
9
3
10
2
1
18
R
SET
/CT
R
T
R
X/CX
PDWN
C
RAMP
PIFB
PEAO
PVFB/OVP
VARIABLE FREQUENCY
OSCILLATOR
PRE-HEAT
AND INTERRUPT
TIMERS
POWER
FACTOR
CONTROLLER
CONTROL
&
GATING LOGIC
UNDER-VOLTAGE
AND THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
OUTPUT
DRIVERS
INTERRUPT
LAMP FB
LFB OUT
OUT A
OUT B
PFC OUT
PGND
VCC
V
REF
GND
8
4
5
14
13
15
12
16
17
11
1
Page 2
ML4833
PIN CONFIGURATION
PEAO
PIFB
PDWN
LAMP FB
LFB OUT
R
SET
RT/C
INTERRUPT
R
X/CX
ML4833
18-Pin DIP (P18)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
T
8
9
TOP VIEW
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
PVFB/OVP
V
REF
VCC
PFC OUT
OUT A
OUT B
P GND
GND
C
RAMP
PEAO
PIFB
PDWN
LAMP FB
LFB OUT
R
SET
RT/C
INTERRUPT
R
X/CX
T
ML4833
18-Pin SOIC (S18)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
TOP VIEW
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN# NAMEFUNCTIONPIN# NAMEFUNCTION
1PEAOPFC error amplifier output and
compensation node.
2PIFBSensing of the inductor current and
peak current sense point of the PFC
cycle by cycle current limit
comparator.
3PDWNA one volt comparator threshold that
switches the operating frequency to
the preheat frequency when exceeded.
4LAMP FBInverting input of an error amplifier
used to sense (and regulate) lamp arc
current. Also the input node for
dimming control.
5LFB OUTOutput of the lamp current error
transconductance amplifier used for
lamp current loop compensation.
6R
SET
7RT/C
T
External resistor which sets oscillator
F
, and R(X)/C(X) charging current.
MAX
Oscillator timing components.
8INTERRUPT Input used for lamp-out detection and
restart. A voltage less than 1.25 volts
resets the chip and causes a restart
after a programmable interval.
9RX/C
X
Sets the timing for the preheat,
dimming lockout, and interrupt.
10 C
RAMP
Integrated voltage of the error
amp out.
11 GNDGround.
12 P GNDPower ground for the IC.
13 OUT BBallast MOSFET drive output.
14 OUT ABallast MOSFET drive output.
15 PFC OUTPower Factor MOSFET drive output.
16 VCCPositive supply for the IC.
17 V
REF
Buffered output for the 7.5V voltage
reference.
18 PVFB/OVP Inverting input to PFC error amplifier
and OVP comparator input.
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
PVFB/OVP
V
REF
VCC
PFC OUT
OUT A
OUT B
P GND
GND
C
RAMP
2
Page 3
ML4833
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Maximum Forced Voltage
(PEAO, LFB OUT) ...................................–0.3V to 7.7V
Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which
the device could be permanently damaged. Absolute
maximum ratings are stress ratings only and functional
device operation is not implied.
Supply Current (ICC) ............................................... 60mA
Output Current, Source or Sink
(OUT A, OUT B, PFC OUT) DC ......................... 250mA
Maximum Forced Current (PEAO, LFB OUT) ........ ±20mA
Junction Temperature ............................................ 150°C
Storage Temperature Range ..................... –65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec.) .................... 260°C
Voltage at LAMP FB = 0V,
LFB OUT = 2.3, PVFB/OVP = 2.3V
PIFB = Open
Start-up ThresholdVCC – 1.2 V
Shutdown ThresholdVCC – 5.3 V
Shutdown Temperature (T
Hysteresis (T
)30°C
DWN
)(Note 2)130°C
DWN
– 1.0 VCC – 0.8V
CCZ
– 4.8 VCC – 4.3V
CCZ
PDWN
PDWN Threshold0.91.01.1V
Note 1: Limits are guaranteed by 100% testing, sampling or correlation with worst case test conditions.
Note 2: Junction temperature.
5
Page 6
ML4833
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
OVERVIEW
The ML4833 consists of peak current controlled
continuous boost power factor front end section with a
flexible ballast control section. Start-up and lamp-out
retry timing are controlled by the selection of external
timing components, allowing for control of a wide variety
of different lamp types. The ballast section controls the
lamp power using frequency modulation (FM) with
additional programmability provided to adjust the VCO
frequency range. This allows for the IC to be used with a
variety of different output networks. Figure 1 depicts a
detailed block diagram of ML4833.
POWER FACTOR SECTION
The ML4833 power factor section is a peak current
sensing boost mode PFC control circuit in which only
voltage loop compensation is needed. It is simpler than a
conventional average current control method. It consists
of a voltage error amplifier, a current sense amplifier (no
compensation is needed), an integrator, a comparator, and
a logic control block. In the boost topology, power factor
correction is achieved by sensing the output voltage and
the current flowing through the current sense resistor. Duty
cycle control is achieved by comparing the integrated
voltage signal of the error amplifier and the voltage
across R
. The duty cycle control timing is shown in
SENSE
Figure 2. Setting minimum input voltage for output
regulation can be achieved by selecting C
RAMP
according
to equation 1.
PEAO
MAX
111
C
=−−µ
RAMP
() .
DTss
{}
22
K
22
PVVV
OUTINOUTIN
−
1
−
2
L
−
18
()
DTs R
SENSE
(1)
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION AND INHIBIT
The OVP pin serves to protect the power circuit from
being subjected to excessive voltages if the load should
change suddenly (lamp removal). A divider from the high
voltage DC bus sets the OVP trip level. When the voltage
on PVFB/OVP exceeds 2.75V, the PFC transistor are
inhibited. The ballast section will continue to operate.
6
7
9
16
17
11
18
1
10
2
R
SET
RT/C
T
RX/C
X
VCC
V
REF
GND
PVFB/OVP
PEAO
C
RAMP
PIFB
UNDER-VOLTAGE
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
2.75V
–1.0V
REFOK
–
+
–
+
2.5V
OVP
ILIM
LFB OUT
OSC
CLK
+
PREHEAT
TIMER
+
I
SENSE
V TO I
SQ
R
AMPLIFIER
–
–
+
TQ
1.25V
–
SQ
R
+
–
+
–
2.5V
LAMP FB
INTERRUPT
1.0V
PFC OUT
PDWN
OUT A
OUT B
PGND
5
4
8
3
15
14
13
12
Figure 1. ML4833 Detailed Block Diagram
6
Page 7
TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIERS
The PFC voltage feedback amplifier is implemented as an
operational transconductance amplifier. It is designed to
have low small signal forward transconductance such that
a large value of load resistor (R1) and a low value
ceramic capacitor (<1µF) can be used for AC coupling
(C1) in the frequency compensation network. The
compensation network shown in Figure 3 will introduce a
zero and a pole at:
f
ZP
EMI
FILTER
1
==
2
ππ
RC
1112
f
1
2
RC
L
R
SENSE
PIFB
SINE
OUT A
(2)
142
SW1
SW2
PVFB/OVP
18
2.5V
–
+
Figure 3. Compensation Network
V
OUT
RA
INVERTER
RB
R1
C1
ML4833
LAMP
NETWORK
PVFB/OVP
18
C2
L
A
M
P
L
A
M
P
CLK
PFC OUT
RAMP
SINE
–A
+
R1
C1
RQ
S
PEAO
1
PEAO
CLK
C2
–
VREF1
+
–
OSC
V TO I
10
C
RAMP
C
RAMP
Figure 2. ML4833 PFC Controller Section
7
Page 8
ML4833
F
tt
OSC
CHGDIS
=
+
1
F
RC
OSC
TT
≅
×
1
051.
CLOCK
C
T
VTH = 3.75V
VTL = 1.25V
t
DISt
CHG
Figure 4 shows the output configuration for the
operational transconductance amplifiers.
CURRENT
MIRROR
INOUT
gmV
IN
2
INOUT
CURRENT
MIRROR
io = gmV
IN
IQ –
gmV
IQ +
IN
2
Figure 4. Output Configuration
A DC path to ground or VCC at the output of the
transconductance amplifiers will introduce an offset error.
The magnitude of the offset voltage that will appear at the
input is given by VOS = io/gm. For an io of 1µA and a gm
of 0.05 µW the input referred offset will be 20mV.
W
Capacitor C1 as shown in Figure 3 is used to block the
DC current to minimize the adverse effect of offsets.
Slew rate enhancement is incorporated into all of the
operational transconductance amplifiers in the ML4833.
This improves the recovery of the circuit in response to
power up and transient conditions. The response to large
signals will be somewhat non-linear as the transconductance
amplifiers change from their low to high transconductance
mode. This is illustrated in Figure 5.
OSCILLATOR
The VCO frequency ranges are controlled by the output
of the LFB amplifier (R
). As lamp current increases,
SET
LFB OUT falls in voltage, causing the CT charging current
to increase, thereby causing the oscillator frequency to
increase. Since the ballast output network attenuates high
frequencies, the power to the lamp will be decreased.
BALLAST OUTPUT SECTION
The IC controls output power to the lamps via frequency
modulation with non-overlapping conduction. This means
that both ballast output drivers will be low during the
discharging time t
of the oscillator capacitor CT.
DIS
Figure 6. Oscillator Block Diagram and Timing
The oscillator frequency is determined by the following
equations:
and
VIRV
tRCIn
=
CHGT T
REFCH TTL
VIRV
REFCH TTH
+−
+−
The oscillator’s minimum frequency is set when ICH = 0
where:
(3)
(4)
(5)
8
Page 9
ML4833
This assumes that t
CHG
>> t
DIS
.
When LFB OUT is high, ICH = 0 and the minimum
frequency occurs. The charging current varies according
to two control inputs to the oscillator:
1. The output of the preheat timer
2. The voltage at LFB OUT (lamp feedback amplifier
output)
In preheat condition, charging current is fixed at
.
I
CHG PREHEAT
()
25
=
R
SET
(6)
In running mode, charging current decreases as the
voltage rises from 0V to VOH at the LAMP FB amplifier.
The highest frequency will be attained when I
CHG
is
highest, which is attained when voltage at LFB OUT
is at 0V:
()0
=
5
R
SET
(7)
I
CHG
Highest lamp power, and lowest output frequency are
attained when voltage at LFB OUT is at its maximum
output voltage (VOH).
In this condition, the minimum operating frequency of the
ballast is set per equation 5 above.
For the IC to be used effectively in dimming ballasts with
higher Q output networks a larger CT value and lower R
T
value can be used, to yield a smaller frequency excursion
over the control range (voltage at LFB OUT). The
discharge current is set to 5mA. Assuming that I
DIS
>>
IRT:
tC
DIS VCOT()
≅×600
(8)
IC BIAS, UNDER-VOLTAGE LOCKOUT AND
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
The IC includes a shunt clamp which will limit the
voltage at VCC to 15V (V
). The IC should be fed with
CCZ
a current limited source, typically derived from the
ballast transformer auxiliary winding. When VCC is below
V
– 1.1V, the IC draws less than 0.48mA of quiescent
CCZ
current and the outputs are off. This allows the IC to start
using a “bleed resistor” from the rectified AC line.
To help reduce ballast cost, the ML4833 includes a
temperature sensor which will inhibit ballast operation if
the IC’s junction temperature exceeds 120°C. In order to
use this sensor in lieu of an external sensor, care should
be taken when placing the IC to ensure that it is sensing
temperature at the physically appropriate point in the
ballast. The ML4833’s die temperature can be estimated
with the following equation:
(9)
t
t
V
I
CC
CC
0.34mA
VCCZ
V(ON)
V(OFF)
5.5mA
TT P CW
≅++°(/)65
JAD
Figure 7. Typical VCC and ICC Waveforms when
the ML4833 is Started with a Bleed Resistor from
the Rectified AC Line and Bootstrapped from an
Auxiliary Winding.
STARTING, RE-START, PREHEAT AND INTERRUPT
The lamp starting scenario implemented in the ML4833
is designed to maximize lamp life and minimize ballast
heating during lamp out conditions.
The circuit in Figure 8 controls the lamp starting
scenarios: Filament preheat and lamp out interrupt. CX is
charged with a current of I
/4 and discharged through
R(SET)
RX. The voltage at CX is initialized to 0.7V (VBE) at power
up. The time for CX to rise to 4.8V is the filament preheat
time. During that time, the oscillator charging current
(I
CHG
) is 2.5/R
. This will produce a high frequency for
SET
filament preheat, but will not produce sufficient voltage
to ignite the lamp or cause significant glow current.
After cathode heating, the inverter frequency drops to F
MIN
causing a high voltage to appear to ignite the lamp. If
lamp current is not detected when the lamp is supposed
to have ignited, the lamp voltage feedback coming into
pin 8 remains below 1.25V, the CX charging current is
shut off and the inverter is inhibited until CX is discharged
by RX to the 1.2V threshold. Shutting off the inverter in
this manner prevents the inverter from generating
excessive heat when the lamp fails to strike or is out of
socket. Typically this time is set to be fairly long by
choosing a large value of RX.
9
Page 10
ML4833
0.625
R
1.2/4.8
1.2/6.8
–
+
SET
+
–
+
–
HEAT
DIMMING
LOCKOUT
R
Q
S
RX/C
X
9
C
X
R
X
6.8
INTERRUPT
8
1.25V
Figure 8. Lamp Preheat and Interrupt Timers
LFB OUT is ignored by the oscillator until CX reaches
6.8V threshold. The lamps are therefore driven to full
power and then dimmed. The CX pin is clamped to
about 7.5V.
INHIBIT
A summary of the operating frequencies in the various
operating modes is shown below.
Operating ModeOperating Frequency
[F(MAX) to F(MIN)]
Preheat2
Dimming
Lock-outF(MIN)
Dimming
ControlF(MIN) to F(MAX)
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Figure 10 shows a schematic for a dimming power-factor
corrected 60W ballast, designed to operate two F32T8
fluorescent lamps connected in series.
Micro Linear reserves the right to make changes to any product herein to improve reliability, function or
design. Micro Linear does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product
described herein, neither does it convey any license under its patent right nor the rights of others. The
circuits contained in this data sheet are offered as possible applications only. Micro Linear makes no
warranties or representations as to whether the illustrated circuits infringe any intellectual property rights of
others, and will accept no responsibility or liability for use of any application herein. The customer is urged
to consult with appropriate legal counsel before deciding on a particular application.
2092 Concourse Drive
San Jose, CA 95131
Tel: 408/433-5200
Fax: 408/432-0295
DS4833-01
13
Loading...
+ hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.