The MIC2545A and MIC2549A are integrated high-side
power switches optimized for low loss dc power switching and
other power management applications, including Advanced
Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI). The MIC2545A/
49A is a cost-effective, highly integrated solution that requires few external components to satisfy USB and ACPI
requirements.
Load current management features include a precision resistor-programmable output current-limit and a soft-start circuit,
which minimizes inrush current when the switch is enabled.
Thermal shutdown, along with adjustable current-limit, protects the switch and the attached device.
The MIC2545A/49A’s open-drain flag output is used to indicate current-limiting or thermal shutdown to a local controller.
The MIC2549A has an additional internal latch which turns
the output off upon thermal shutdown, providing robust fault
control. The enable signal is compatible with both 3V and 5V
logic, and is also used as the thermal shutdown latch reset for
the MIC2549A.
The MIC2545A and MIC2549A are available in active-high
and active-low enable versions in 8-pin DIP, SOIC, and
TSSOP packages.
Features
• 2.7V to 5.5V input
• Adjustable current-limit up to 3A
• Reverse current flow blocking
• 90µA typical on-state supply current
• 1µA typical off-state supply current
• 50mΩ maximum on-resistance
• Open-drain fault flag
• Thermal shutdown
• Thermal shutdown output latch (MIC2549A)
• 2ms (slow) soft-start turn-on, fast turnoff
• Available with active-high or active-low enable
Applications
• USB power distribution
• PCI Bus Power Switching
• Notebook PC
• ACPI power distribution
• PC card hot swap applications
• Inrush current-limiting
Typical Application
+5V
R
SET
MIC2545A
EN
FLG
GND
ILIM
OUT
IN
OUT
IN
0.1µF
Peripheral
33µF
10k
On/Off
Typical Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Application
Micrel, Inc. • 1849 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 • http://www.micrel.com
June 20001MIC2545A/2549A
Page 2
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Ordering Information
Part NumberEnableLatch*Temperature RangePackage
MIC2545A-1BMActive High–40°C to +85°C8-lead SOP
MIC2545A-1BNActive High–40°C to +85°C8-pin DIP
MIC2545A-1BTS Active High–40°C to +85°C14-lead TSSOP
MIC2545A-2BMActive Low–40°C to +85°C8-lead SOP
MIC2545A-2BNActive Low–40°C to +85°C8-pin DIP
MIC2545A-2BTSActive Low–40°C to +85°C14-lead TSSOP
MIC2549A-1BMActive High•–40°C to +85°C8-lead SOP
MIC2549A-1BNActive High•–40°C to +85°C8-pin DIP
MIC2549A-1BTS Active High•–40°C to +85°C14-lead TSSOP
MIC2549A-2BMActive Low•–40°C to +85°C8-lead SOP
MIC2549A-2BNActive Low•–40°C to +85°C8-pin DIP
MIC2549A-2BTSActive Low•–40°C to +85°C14-lead TSSOP
Pin Configuration
EN
FLG
GND
ILIM
(EN) 1
(FLG) 2
MIC2545A/2549A
1
2
3
4
8-Lead SOP (M)
8-Pin DIP (N)
MIC2545A/2549A
LOGIC,
CHARGE
PUMP
3 (GND)(ILIM) 4
OUT
8
IN
7
OUT
6
IN
5
6,8 (OUT)
5,7 (IN)
NC
FLG
GND
ILIM
MIC2545A/2549A
1ENOUT
2
3
4NC
5
6NC
7
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
14-Lead TSSOP (TS)
Pin Description
Pin NumberPin NumberPin NamePin Function
SOP, DIPTSSOP
11ENEnable (Input): Logic-compatible enable input (-1 version is active high, -2
version is active low). High input >1.8V typical; low input <1.4V typical.
Do not float.
MIC2549A only: Also resets thermal shutdown latch.
23FLGFault Flag (Output): Active-low, open-drain output. Indicates overcurrent or
thermal shutdown.
MIC2549A only: latched low on thermal shutdown.
35GNDGround: Supply return.
47ILIMCurrent Limit: Sets current limit threshold using an external resistor (R
connected to ground. 76.8Ω < R
5, 78, 12INSupply Input: Output MOSFET drain. Also powers internal circuitry. Both IN
pins must be externally connected together.
6, 810, 14OUTSwitch Output: Output MOSFET source. Both OUT pins must be externally
connected together.
2,4,6,9,11,13NCnot internally connected
SET
< 459Ω.
NC
IN
NC
OUT
NC
IN
SET
)
MIC2545A/2549A2June 2000
Page 3
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Supply Voltage (V
Output Voltage (V
Output Current (I
Enable Input (VEN) ......................................... –0.3V to +6V
Fault Flag Voltage (V
Fault Flag Current (I
Storage Temperature (TS) ....................... –65°C to +150°C
VIN = +5V; TA = 25°C, bold indicates –40°C to +85°C; unless noted
SymbolParameterConditionMinTypMaxUnits
Supply CurrentSwitch off, OUT = open, Note 40.755µA
Switch on, OUT = open, Note 490125µA
150µA
V
EN
R
DS(on)
t
ON
t
R
t
OFF
t
F
t
SU
V
OL
Note 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device.
Note 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating.
Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5k in series with 100pF.
Note 4. Off is ≤ 0.8V and on is ≥ 2.4V for the MIC2545A-1 and MIC2549A-1. Off is ≥ 2.4V and on is ≤ 0.8V for the MIC2545A-2 and MIC2549A-2.
Note 5. Current limit is determined by:
Note 6. Assumes 4 layer PCB is used.
Note 7. Guaranteed by design but not production tested.
Enable Input VoltageEnable high transition, Note 42.41.6V
Enable low transition, Note 11.50.8V
Enable Input CurrentVEN = V
VEN = V
= 2.4V0.011µA
OH(min)
= 0.8V0.011µA
OL(max)
Enable Input CapacitanceNote 71pF
Switch ResistanceI
Current Limit FactorI
EN Pulse Reset WidthMIC2549A thermal shutdown latch, Note 71µs
VIN to EN Set-UpMIC2549A, Note 7, Figure 1c0µs
Current-Limit Response TimeV
Error Flag Output ResistanceI
The enable input has about 100mV of hysteresis.
LIMIT
230
=
, where R
R
SET
I
= 0V to I
OUT
= 10mA415Ω
FLG
is in ohms, and 230 is typical current limit factor in volts.
SET
OUT
= 2A, I
= 1A, Note 740µs
SET
June 20003MIC2545A/2549A
Page 4
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Test Circuit
V
OUT
Device
Under
Test
OUT
I
OUT
C
R
L
L
Timing Diagrams
t
r
V
OUT
90%
10%
90%
10%
t
f
Functional Characteristics Test Circuit
V
EN
V
OUT
50%
t
OFF
t
ON
90%
10%
Figure 1a. MIC2545A/49A-2
V
EN
V
OUT
50%
t
OFF
t
ON
90%
10%
Figure 1b. MIC2545A/49A-1
V
IN
t
SU
V
EN
Figure 1c. Input-to-Enable Setup Timing
MIC2545A/2549A4June 2000
Page 5
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
O
utput Reset
V
I
LIMIT
V
I
LIMIT
I
FLG
Short-Circuit Fault
Fault Removed
OUT
I
OUT
EN
I
DC
Thermal Shutdown
Reached
FLG
Figure 2a. MIC2549A-2 Timing: Output Is Reset By Toggling EN
Short-Circuit
EN
OUT
I
DC
OUT
Thermal Shutdown
Reached
Fault
Fault
Removed
Figure 2b. MIC2545A-2 Timing
June 20005MIC2545A/2549A
Page 6
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Typical Characteristics
Output On-Resistance
vs. Supply Voltage
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (mΩ)
30
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TA = 27°C
On-State Supply Current
140
120
100
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
vs. Temperature
80
60
40
20
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
5.0V
3.3V
2.7V
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Output On-Resistance
vs. Temperature
50
45
40
35
30
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (mΩ)
25
2.7V
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3.3V
Off-State Supply Current
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
vs. Temperature
RL = 44Ω
5.0V
3.3V
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
5.0V
2.7V
On-State Supply Current
vs. Supply Voltage
140
120
100
80
60
40
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
20
0
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TA = 27°C
Off-State Supply Current
vs. Supply Voltage
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
0.01
0
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TA = 27°C
Control Threshold Voltage
vs. Supply Voltage
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
THRESHOLD VOLATAGE (V)
1.0
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
HIGH
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TA = 27°C
LOW
Output Fall Time
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
OUTPUT FALL TIME (µs)
0.2
vs. Temperature
RL = 44Ω
CL = 0µF
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
2.7V
3.3V
5.0V
Control Threshold Voltage
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
CONTROL THRESHOLD (V)
1.1
vs. Temperature
HIGH
LOW
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Current Limit
I
LIMIT
vs. Rset
I
SHORT
R
(Ω)
SET
I
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
CURRENT LIMIT (mA)
500
0
0150300450600
VIN = 5V
TH
Rise Time
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
OUTPUT RISE TIME (ms)
0.5
vs. Temperature
2.7V
5.0V
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Output Current
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
vs. Output Voltage
R
SET
R
= 230
SET
500
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
R
SET
3.3V
RL = 44Ω
= 92
VIN = 5V
= 460
MIC2545A/2549A6June 2000
Page 7
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Current Limit
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
600
500
vs. Temperature
VIN = 5V
R
SET
I
TH
I
SET
I
SHORT
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
= 230Ω
Current Limit
1200
1100
1000
CURRENT LIMIT (mA)
vs. Supply Voltage
TA = 27°C
R
= 230Ω
L
900
800
700
600
I
SHORT
2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
I
TH
I
SET
June 20007MIC2545A/2549A
Page 8
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Functional Characteristics
EN
V
FLG
V
OUT
V
OUT
I
EN
V
FLG
V
OUT
V
OUT
I
(10V/div.)
(10V/div.)
(2V/div.)
(200mA/div.)
MIC2545A-1
(10V/div.)
(10V/div.)
(5V/div.)
(500mA/div.)
MIC2545A-1
Turn-On Response
500mA
VIN = 5V
= 100µF
C
L
= 10Ω
R
L
TIME (500µs/div.)
Current-Limit Response
Load Removed
Thermal Shutdown
Current-Limit Threshold 1.12A (ITH)
I
= 1A
SET
C = 5V
= 1Ω
R
L
EN
V
FLG
V
OUT
V
OUT
I
(10V/div.)
(10V/div.)
(2V/div.)
(200mA/div.)
EN
V
FLG
V
OUT
V
OUT
I
MIC2545A-1
(10V/div.)
(10V/div.)
(5V/div.)
(500mA/div.)
MIC2545A-1
Turnoff Response
500mA
TIME (1ms/div.)
Short-Circuit Response
Short Circuit
Current-Limit Threshold 1.12A
Short-Circuit Current
Thermal
Shutdown
V
= 5V
IN
= 100µF
C
L
= 10Ω
R
L
820mA (I
SHORT
)
VIN = 5V
EN
V
FLG
V
OUT
V
OUT
I
(10V/div.)
(10V/div.)
(5V/div.)
(500mA/div.)
MIC2545A-1
TIME (100ms/div.)
Enable Into Short Circuit
Short-Circuit Current
Thermal
Shutdown
TIME (100ms/div.)
820mA
= 5V
V
IN
R
SET
= 240Ω
EN
V
(10V/div.)
FLG
V
(10V/div.)
OUT
I
(500mA/div.)
MIC2545A-1
TIME (100ms/div.)
Inrush Current Response
= 5V
V
IN
= 10Ω
R
L
CL = 490µF
CL = 130µF
CL = 10µF
TIME (500µs/div.)
MIC2545A/2549A8June 2000
Page 9
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
(Output Reset by Toggling Enable—MIC2549-1)
Thermal Shutdown
EN
V
(10V/div.)
FLG
V
V
I
(5V/div.)
OUT
(5V/div.)
OUT
(500mA/div.)
Ramped Load to a Short
Output Latched
Thermal
Shutdown
TIME (100ms/div.)
Output Reset
V
= 5V
IN
= 47µF
C
L
June 20009MIC2545A/2549A
Page 10
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Block Diagram
EN
IN
IN
OSC.
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
1.2V
REFERENCE
CHARGE
PUMP
RESET
THERMAL
SHUTDOWN
LATCH
(MIC2549A)
GND
GATE
CONTROL
CURRENT
LIMIT
ILIM
OUT
OUT
FLG
R
SET
MIC2545A/2549A10June 2000
Page 11
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Functional Description
The MIC2545A and MIC2549A are high-side N-channel
switches available with active-high or active-low enable inputs. Fault conditions turn off or inhibit turn-on of the output
transistor and activate the open-drain error flag transistor
making it sink current to ground.
Input and Output
IN is the power supply connection to the logic circuitry and the
drain of the output MOSFET. OUT is the source of the output
MOSFET. In a typical circuit, current flows from IN to OUT
toward the load. If V
from OUT to IN since the switch is bidirectional when enabled. The output MOSFET and driver circuitry are also
designed to allow the MOSFET source to be externally forced
to a higher voltage than the drain (V
switch is disabled. In this situation, the MIC2545A/49A avoids
undesirable current flow from OUT to IN. Both IN pins must
be connected together, and both OUT pins must be connected together.
Thermal Shutdown
Thermal shutdown shuts off the output MOSFET and signals
the fault flag if the die temperature exceeds 135°C. 10°C of
hysteresis prevents the switch from turning on until the die
temperature drops to 125°C. Overtemperature detection
functions only when the switch is enabled.
The MIC2549A features an internal latch which causes the
part to remain off after thermal shutdown until a reset pulse
is provided via the enable pin (pin 1). While in current-limit, the
thermal shutdown latch prevents on/off cycling of the output.
Refer to Figure 2 for timing diagram. The flag remains low
until reset.
Enable Input
EN must be driven logic high or logic low, or be pulled high or
low for a clearly defined input. Floating the input may cause
unpredictable operation. EN should not be allowed to go
negative with respect to GND.
Current-Limit Operation
The current limit is user adjustable with an external set
resistor. Current limiting in the range of 500mA to 3A is
available with a set point accuracy of better than ±30% (±20%
for I
1 to 2.5A). The current-limit circuit prevents damage
SET
to the output MOSFET and external load.
is greater than VIN, current will flow
OUT
> VIN) when the
OUT
The current-limit response of the MIC2545A/49A is based on
the type of load that is applied to the output and is defined in
three parts:
1. The first mode of operation is where the device
enters a constant-current mode preventing
further increases in output current. The value of
this current, I
R
as explained further in this section.
SET
, is defined by the value of
LIMIT
2. When a short circuit is applied to the output of
an enabled device the output current immediately folds back to a value less than I
I
. This further protects the load and
SHORT
LIMIT
called
reduces device power dissipation. Refer to the
“Typical Characteristics: Output Current vs.
Output Voltage” graph for details.
3. When a load is increased, the output current will
proportionally increase up to the current-limit
threshold, ITH, as shown in the “Functional
Characteristics: Current-Limit Response” graph.
The device in this case will supply current
slightly higher than the current-limit set point
defined by R
further the current folds back to I
The nominal current-limit value, I
. As the load is increased
SET
LIMIT
, is set with an external
LIMIT
.
resistor between ILIM (pin 4) and GND (pin 3). For a desired
current-limit, the value of the external set resistor is given by:
R =
SET
I
230
LIMIT
where:
76.8Ω < R
For example, to set a 1A nominal current-limit, R
SET
< 459Ω
SET
is
calculated as:
230
1A
=Ω230
SET
Refer to the “Typical Characteristics: Current-Limit vs R
graph for more details.
Current through R
voltage across R
increases with output current. The
SET
could be monitored with a high imped-
SET
ance comparator to provide an indication of output current.
R
should be between 76.8Ω and 459Ω (1% resister
SET
value).
Fault Flag
FLG is an N-channel, open-drain MOSFET output. The faultflag is active (low) for current-limit or thermal shutdown
conditions. The flag output MOSFET is capable of sinking a
10mA load to typically 100mV above ground. For applications
with VIN ≤ 3.6V, it is recommended that flag current be limited
to 5mA or less.
”
June 200011MIC2545A/2549A
Page 12
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
= junction temperature
Applications Information
Supply Filtering
A 0.1µF to 1µF bypass capacitor from IN to GND, located near
the MIC2545A and MIC2549A, is strongly recommended to
control supply transients. Without a bypass capacitor, an
output short may cause sufficient ringing on the input (from
supply lead inductance) to damage internal control circuitry.
Input transients must not exceed the absolute maximum
supply voltage (V
= 6V) even for a short duration.
IN max
4.0V to 5.5V
MIC2549A-1BM
18
ENOUT
27
FLG
36
GNDOUT
45
ILIMIN
R
SET
IN
0.1µF to 1µF
T
J
TA = ambient temperature
θ
= is the thermal resistance of the package
JA
Transient Overcurrent Filter
The inrush current from the connection of a heavy capacitive
load may cause the fault flag to fall for 10µs to 200µs while the
switch is in a constant-current mode, charging the capacitance.
Adding an optional series resistor-capacitor (R
lel with R
, as shown in Figure 4, allows the transient
SET
SET2
) in paral-
current-limit to be set to a different value than steady state. A
typical USB hot-plug inrush is 2A to 3A for 10µs to 20µs. If
R
is 435Ω (530mA), an R
SET
of 88Ω (2.5A) and C
SET2
SET
of
1µF (RC ≈ 90µs) allows transient surge of 3A to pass for 90µs
without tripping the overcurrent flag (FLG).
USB Power Distribution
The MIC2545A is ideal for meeting USB power distribution
requirements. Figure 7 depicts a USB Host application. R
SET
should be set to a value providing a current-limit >500mA.
Figure 3. Supply Bypassing
Power Dissipation
The device's junction temperature depends on several factors such as the load, PCB layout, ambient temperature and
package type. Equations that can be used to calculate power
dissipation and junction temperature are found below.
Calculation of power dissipation can be accomplished by the
following equation:
PD = R
DS(on)
× (I
OUT
)2
To relate this to junction temperature, the following equation
can be used:
TJ = PD ×θJA + T
A
The accurate current-limit of the MIC2545A will reduce power
supply current requirements. Also, fast reaction to short
circuit faults prevent voltage droop in mobile PC applications.
Printed Circuit Board Hot-Plug
The MIC2545A/49A is an ideal inrush current-limiter suitable
for hot-plug applications. Due to the integrated charge pump,
the MIC2545A/49A presents a high impedance when off and
slowly becomes a low impedance as it turns on. This “soft-
start” feature effectively isolates power supplies from highly
capacitive loads by reducing inrush current during hot-plug
events. Figure 5 shows how the MIC2545A may be used in
a hot-plug application.
where:
5V
(+)
4.7µF
(–)
V
BUS
D+
D–
GND
Bold lines indicate
0.1" wide, 1-oz. copper
high-current traces.
MIC5203-3.3
LDO Regulator
INOUT
GND
1.5k
2%
3.3V USB Controller
V+
1.0
µF
OVERCURRENT
D+
D–
10k
GND
ON/OFF
0.1µF
MIC2545A-2
ENOUT
FLGIN
GNDOUT
ILIMIN
R
SETRSET(2)
(optional)
120µF
0.1µF
C
SET
Ferrite
Bead
0.01µF
V
BUS
D+
D–
GND
Downstream
USB
Port 1
4.75V min.
500mA max.
Figure 4. USB Host Application
MIC2545A/2549A12June 2000
Page 13
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
MIC2545A-2
18
V
to "Hot"
Receptacle
GND
CC
ENOUT
27
FLG
0.1
µF
36
GNDOUT
4
I
LIM
IN
5
IN
0.1µF
C
BULK
Backend
Function
Adaptor Card
Figure 5. Hot-Plug Application
June 200013MIC2545A/2549A
Page 14
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
Package Information
PIN 1
DIMENSIONS:
INCH (MM)
0.018 (0.57)
0.100 (2.54)
0.026 (0.65)
MAX)
0.157 (3.99)
0.150 (3.81)
0.050 (1.27)
0.380 (9.65)
0.370 (9.40)
TYP
0.135 (3.43)
0.125 (3.18)
0.130 (3.30)
0.0375 (0.952)
8-Pin DIP (N)
PIN 1
0.020 (0.51)
0.013 (0.33)
0.0098 (0.249)
0.0040 (0.102)
0.380 (9.65)
0.320 (8.13)
DIMENSIONS:
INCHES (MM)
0.255 (6.48)
0.245 (6.22)
0.300 (7.62)
0.013 (0.330)
0.010 (0.254)
45°
0.010 (0.25)
0.007 (0.18)
0.064 (1.63)
0.045 (1.14)
0.197 (5.0)
0.189 (4.8)
0°–8°
SEATING
PLANE
8-Pin SOIC (M)
0.050 (1.27)
0.016 (0.40)
0.244 (6.20)
0.228 (5.79)
MIC2545A/2549A14June 2000
Page 15
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
0.65 BSC
(0.026)
4.50 (0.177)
4.30 (0.169)
0.30 (0.012)
0.19 (0.007)
5.10 (0.200)
4.90 (0.193)
1.10 MAX (0.043)
0.15 (0.006)
0.05 (0.002)
6.4 BSC (0.252)
14-Pin TSSOP (TS)
DIMENSIONS:
MM (INCH)
0.20 (0.008)
0.09 (0.003)
8°
0°
1.00 (0.039) REF
0.70 (0.028)
0.50 (0.020)
June 200015MIC2545A/2549A
Page 16
MIC2545A/2549AMicrel
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