•Bridges the Interface Between Video Image
Sensors and Processors
•Receives Aptina HiSPi™, Panasonic LVDS, or
Sony LVDS Parallel; Outputs 1.8V CMOS with
10/12/14/16 Bits at 18.5MHz to 162MHz
•SubLVDS Inputs Support Up To 648Mbps
•Integrated 100Ω Differential Input Termination
•Test Image Generation Feature
•Compatible with TI OMAP™ and DaVinci™
Including DM385, DM8127, DM36x, and DMVA
DESCRIPTION
The SN65LVDS324 is a SubLVDS deserializer that recovers words, detects sync codes, multiplies the input DDR
clock by a ratio, and outputs parallel CMOS 1.8V data on the rising clock edge. It bridges the video stream
interface between HD image sensors made by leading manufacturers, to a format that common processors can
accept. The supported pixel frequency is 18.5MHz to 162MHz — suitable for resolutions from VGA to 1080p60.
Four high-level modes are supported: Aptina 1-Channel 4-Lane, Aptina 1-Channel 2-Lane, Panasonic 2-Channel
2-Port, and Sony LVDS Parallel. Each supports 10/12/14/16 bit sub-modes, according to Table 1. Each mode
also has a configurable allowable frequency range, as specified by Table 3 register PLL_CFG.
The SN65LVDS324 is configured through its I2C-programmable registers. This volatile memory must be written
after power up. Configuration options include the MSB/LSB output order, sync polarity convention, data slew
rate, and two output timing modes (long-setup or clock-centered), for wider compatibility with different processors
and software. The TESTMODE_VIDEO feature is designed to assist engineering development. The max
allowable frame size is 8191 x 8191.
•Low Power 1.8V CMOS Process
•Configurable Output Conventions
•Packaged in 4.5 x 7mm BGA
APPLICATIONS
•IP Network Cameras
•Machine Vision
•Video Conferencing
•Gesture Recognition
With integrated differential input termination, and a footprint of 4.5 x 7mm, the SN65LVDS324 provides a
differentiated solution with optimized form, function, and cost. It operates through an ambient temperature range
of –40°C to 85°C.
spacer
spacer
Figure 1. General System Diagram
1
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2OMAP, DaVinci are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
3HiSPi is a trademark of Aptina.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testingof all parameters.
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with
appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may be more
susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
www.ti.com
Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram
Reset Implementation
When RST is Low, the PLL is disabled, the SubLVDS inputs are disabled, and all outputs drive either VOHor V
with no toggling. It is critical to transition the RST input from a low to high level after the VCCsupply has reached
the minimum recommended operating voltage. This is achieved by an external capacitor connected between
RST and GND, and/or by a control signal to the RST input. Both implementations are shown:
Figure 3. External Capacitor Controlled RSTFigure 4. RST Input from Active Controller
Table 1. SN65LVDS324 Modes, Common Frequencies, and Signals Used
SENSOR_CFGTargetSDSDSDSD
(CSR 09[2:0])Video[0:1][3:4][5:9][10:11]
000Sony10GND
00112X[0:1]
010Panasonic12222.7510
0111629711
10012222.7510
1101-Channel1629711X[2]GNDGND
10114129.937500
1111-Channel12222.7510GNDGND
SubLVDSTarget
Interface
Mode(CSR 0A[1:0])
LVDS74.2510X[2]X[3:4]X[5:9]X[10:11]
Parallel
2-Channel
2-Port
Aptina
4-Lane
Aptina
2-Lane
Bits
PerFrequencySCLKSD2
Pixel
1080p
60fps
720p
60fps
Target SCLK
(MHz)
PLL_CFG
(1) X[0:11] represent the connected sensor's LVDS data lanes.
(2) GND represents a connection to the system reference ground.
Target
CLKOUT
Frequency
(MHz)
148.5
74.25
Sensor
Clock
SensorSensor
Ch1Ch2
ClockClock
Sensor
Clock
Ch1Ch2
X[0:1]X[0:1]
X[0:1]
(1)(2)
X[3],
GND
Aptina Mode Specifics
Only the Streaming-SP HiSPi mode is supported. If "FLR" and "CRC" are in the data stream, the SN65LVDS324
will transmit them. "IDL" cannot match a sync code or be all-zero.
VSYNC and HSYNC Output Timing
Figure 5 describes the horizontal and vertical blanking periods, and how they generally relate to the VSYNC and
HSYNC outputs. The SN65LVDS324 asserts VSYNC (driven high) by default, and drives VSYNC high for at
least one CLKOUT cycle at the beginning of each video frame. The SN65LVDS324 sensor interface logic
determines the beginning of an active video frame by sensor-dependent methods.
There may be certain VSYNC and HSYNC operating requirements in the video processing pipeline in the DSP,
such as a required number of vertical blanking lines, requirements for horizontal sync during vertical blanking, or
requirements for data patterns during blanking times, special requirements for still image capture, etc. Systems
that utilize SN65LVDS324 are required to configure the sensor to meet the vertical blanking and horizontal
blanking requirements set by DSP video processing pipeline; these limitations shall be met by the sensor and not
by SN65LVDS324 logic.
Figure 5. VSYNC and HSYNC Output Relation to Active Video Frames
HSYNC is asserted (driven high) by default. HSYNC is driven low during the active video data stream transfer,
as illustrated in Figure 6. HSYNC may be de-asserted (driven low) while VSYNC is asserted or de-asserted.
As shown in Figure 6, the HSYNC output is generally asserted following an EOL (End of Line) indication from the
image sensor, and de-asserted (driven low) following a SOL (Start of Line) indication. Figure 6 further illustrates
the data expected on the output interface during blanking periods.
Figure 6. HSYNC Output Relation to Line Data Stream
NOTE
The SN65LVDS324 overrides the fixed patterns illustrated in Figure 6 (FFF0h and FFFFh
as shown by notes *1 and *2) when line data is received from the sensor during blanking
periods.
Local I2C Interface Overview
The SCL and SDA terminals are used for I2C clock and I2C data, respectively. The SN65LVDS324 I2C interface
conforms to the two-wire serial interface defined by the I2C Bus Specification, Version 2.1 (January 2000), and
supports standard mode transfers up to 400 kbps.
The device address byte is the first byte received following the START condition from the master device. The 7
bit device address for SN65LVDS324 is factory preset to 7'b0101101 (0x2D). Table 2 clarifies the SN65LVDS324
target address.
(1) When ADDR=1, Address Cycle is 0x5A (Write) and 0x5B (Read)
The following procedure is followed to write to the SN65LVDS324 I2C registers:
1. The master initiates a write operation by generating a start condition (S), followed by the SN65LVDS324 7-bit
address and a zero-value "W/R" bit to indicate a write cycle.
2. The SN65LVDS324 acknowledges the address cycle.
3. The master presents the sub-address (I2C register within SN65LVDS324) to be written, consisting of one
byte of data, MSB-first.
4. The SN65LVDS324 acknowledges the sub-address cycle.
5. The master presents the first byte of data to be written to the I2C register.
6. The SN65LVDS324 acknowledges the byte transfer.
7. The master may continue presenting additional bytes of data to be written, with each byte transfer completing
with an acknowledge from the SN65LVDS324.
8. The master terminates the write operation by generating a stop condition (P).
The following procedure is followed to read the SN65LVDS324 I2C registers:
1. The master initiates a read operation by generating a start condition (S), followed by the SN65LVDS324 7-bit
address and a one-value "W/R" bit to indicate a read cycle.
2. The SN65LVDS324 acknowledges the address cycle.
3. The SN65LVDS324 transmit the contents of the memory registers MSB-first starting at the last address
specified.
4. The SN65LVDS324 will wait for either an acknowledge (ACK) or a not-acknowledge (NACK) from the master
after each byte transfer; the I2C master acknowledges reception of each data byte transfer.
5. If an ACK is received, the SN65LVDS324 transmits the next byte of data.
6. The master terminates the read operation by generating a stop condition (P).
Control and Status Registers Overview
CSR's are accessible through the local I2C interface. Refer to Table 3 for SN65LVDS324 CSR descriptions.
Reads from reserved fields not described return zeros, and writes are ignored.
CSR's "SENSOR_CFG" and "PLL_CFG" must be set before the input clock (SCLK) is applied.
Table 3. SN65LVDS324 CSR Bit Field Definitions
ADDRESSBIT(S)DESCRIPTION
DEVICE_ID
0x00 – 0x077:0Returns a string of ASCII characters "LVDS324" preceded by one space character.R
This bit automatically clears when set to '1' and returns zeros when read. When set, the device is
reset to the default condition.
TESTMODE_VIDEO
When enabled, the device outputs a known color pattern with SCLK applied. The pattern is 128 lines
of red, 128 of green, and 128 of blue, repeated. CSR addresses 0B, 0C, 0D, and 0E set the active
image area, while addresses 1F, 20, 21, and 22 set the entire frame including blanking.
SENSOR_CFG and PLL_CFG control the bpp, PLL multiplier, and PLL range. The CLKOUT
6RW
frequency directly scales the frame rate; for the default 2250x1100 frame, a CLKOUT frequency of
Table 3. SN65LVDS324 CSR Bit Field Definitions (continued)
ADDRESSBIT(S)DESCRIPTION
FRAME_WIDTH_MSB
0x0B4:0field's default is 0x07. The max width is 8191.RW
0x0C7:0field's default is 0x80. The max width is 8191.RW
0x0D4:0RW
0x0E7:0RW
0x0F – 0x1E7:0RW
0x1F4:0controls the high order byte of the frame width including blanking; the default is 2250 (0x08CA), andRW
0x207:0controls the low order byte of the frame width including blanking; the default is 2250 (0x08CA), andRW
0x214:0controls the high order byte of the frame height including blanking; the default is 1100 (0x044C), andRW
0x227:0controls the low order byte of the frame height including blanking; the default is 1100 (0x044C), andRW
0x23 – 0x307:0RW
The width of the active area; this field is the high order byte. The default is 1920 (0x0780), and this
When TESTMODE_VIDEO is disabled, this field is only used to set SENSOR_SPECIFIC registers
that flag window size errors.
FRAME_WIDTH_LSB
The width of the active area; this field is the low order byte. The default is 1920 (0x0780), and this
When TESTMODE_VIDEO is disabled, this field is only used to set SENSOR_SPECIFIC registers
that flag window size errors.
FRAME_HEIGHT_MSB
The height of the active area; this field is the high order byte. The default is 1080 (0x0438), and this
field's default is 0x04. The max height is 8191.
When TESTMODE_VIDEO is disabled, this field is only used to set SENSOR_SPECIFIC registers
that flag window size errors. In LVDS Parallel modes, the height must include all lines between SAVValid and EAV-Valid.
FRAME_HEIGHT_LSB
The height of the active area; this field is the low order byte. The default is 1080 (0x0438), and this
field's default is 0x38. The max height is 8191.
When TESTMODE_VIDEO is disabled, this field is only used to set SENSOR_SPECIFIC registers
that flag window size errors. In LVDS Parallel modes, the height must include all lines between SAVValid and EAV-Valid.
SENSOR_SPECIFIC
These are sensor-specific status registers, and depend on SENSOR_CFG. They are further
described by Table 4 through Table 6.
TESTMODE_WIDTH_MSB
Applies only when TESTMODE_VIDEO is enabled, and configurable up to 8191 pixels. This field
this field's default is 0x08.
For 720p, a width of 1500 (0x05DC) facilitates 60fps with 74.25MHz.
TESTMODE_WIDTH_LSB
Applies only when TESTMODE_VIDEO is enabled, and configurable up to 8191 pixels. This field
this field's default is 0xCA.
For 720p, a width of 1500 (0x05DC) facilitates 60fps with 74.25MHz.
TESTMODE_HEIGHT_MSB
Applies only when TESTMODE_VIDEO is enabled, and configurable up to 8191 pixels. This field
this field's default is 0x04.
For 720p, a height of 825 (0x0339) facilitates 60fps with 74.25MHz.
TESTMODE_ HEIGHT_LSB
Applies only when TESTMODE_VIDEO is enabled, and configurable up to 8191 pixels. This field
this field's default is 0x4C.
For 720p, a height of 825 (0x0339) facilitates 60fps with 74.25MHz.
RESERVED
These registers are reserved for factory test. Do not write to them.
Table 4. Sensor-Specific Registers for Aptina Modes
ADDRESSBIT(S)DESCRIPTIONACCESS
FILLER_EN
60 – FLR codes are not used in data streamRW
0x0F
0x10
0x11
(1) R = Read Only; RW = Read/Write; W = Write Only (reads return undetermined values)
1 – FLR codes are used in data stream (default)
CRC_EN
50 – CRC is not used in the data streamRW
1 – CRC is used in the data stream (default)
CLEAR_STATUS
7W
When a '1' is written to this field, the status bits in 0x10 and 0x11 are cleared, and this bit is autocleared to a zero value (always returns zero when read)
CRC_ERR_LANE3
0 – No checksum error detected (default)
3R
1 – Checksum error detected
Note: Bits in registers 0x10 and 0x11 are latched and cleared only when the CLEAR_STATUS field
is written.
2CRC_ERR_LANE2; same bit function as CRC_ERR_LANE3 but applied to LANE 2.R
1CRC_ERR_LANE1; same bit function as CRC_ERR_LANE3 but applied to LANE 1.R
0CRC_ERR_LANE0; same bit function as CRC_ERR_LANE3 but applied to LANE 0.R
UNKNOWN_SYNC_CODE
50 – No unexpected sync code (default)R
1 – Sync code (final word of sync_code) does not match a defined type
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Supply Voltage RangeV
Input Voltage RangeAll Input Terminals–0.5 to 2.175V
Storage temperatureT
Electrostatic dischargekV
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only and functional operation of the device at these or any conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions
is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) Tested in accordance with JEDEC Standard 22, Test Method A114-B
(3) Tested in accordance with JEDEC Standard 22, Test Method C101-A
, V
CCA
CC
S
Human Body Model
Charged-device model
(2)
(3)
(1)
VALUEUNITS
–0.3 to 2.175V
–65 to 150°C
±4
±1.5
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
High-K JEDEC test board, 2s2p (double signal layer,
double buried power plane), no air flow
(1)
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN NOM MAXUNIT
V
CCA
V
CC
V
CCn(PP)
|VID|Magnitude of differential input voltage; see Figure 790350mV
V
CM
V
CM
V
IN_DC
V
ID_OS
T
A
T
CASE
f
I2C
f
CLK
t
SETUP
t
HOLD
t
DUTCLK
C
L
(1) The SN65LVDS324 supports up to 10pF parallel output load capacitance under test conditions.
Power supply; analog circuits1.651.8 1.95V
Power supply; digital circuits1.651.81.95V
f
< 1MHz100
Power supply voltage noisemV
Input common mode voltage; see Figure 7mV
NOISE
f
> 1MHz40
NOISE
CSR 0A[6] = 0100650
CSR 0A[6] = 15501200
Peak to peak input common mode voltage variation; see Figure 850mV
SubLVDS receiver input voltage range1400mV
Differential input voltage overshoot/undershoot; see Figure 920%
Operating free-air temperature–4085°C
Case temperature101°C
Local I2C interface operating frequency400kHz
SubLVDS input clock (SCLKP/N) frequency18.5324MHz
SubLVDS data setup time to SCLKP/N
transition; see Figure 10
SubLVDS data hold time after SCLKP/N
transition; see Figure 10
LVDS Parallel modes1500
All other modes350
LVDS Parallel modes1500
All other modes350
SubLVDS CLK input clock duty cycle45%55%
Parallel output load capacitance
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETERTEST CONDITIONSMIN TYP
V
THL
V
THH
V
IL
V
IH
V
OH
V
OL
I
OS
I
LEAK
I
IH
I
IL
I
CC
R
DIFF
R
RST
C
IN
(1) All typical values are at VCC= 1.8V and TA= 25°C
(2) VCC= 1.95V; TA= 0°C; CL= 6pF; Worst case test pattern
(3) VCC= 1.8V; TA= 25°C; CL= 5pF; Typical power test pattern
Low-level differential input voltage threshold–40mV
High-level differential input voltage threshold40mV
V
SD[11:0]P
– V
SD[11:0]N
Low-level control signal input voltageSCL, SDA0.3×V
High-level control signal input voltageSCL, SDA0.7×V
High-level output voltageIOH= –2 mA1.3V
Low-level output voltageIOL= 2 mA0.4V
Short circuit output currentOutput VOHdriving GND short–35mA
Failsafe input leakage currentVCC= 0; V
High level input current5µA
Low level input current5µA
The SN65LVDS324 offers several operating modes, as described in this section. The typical mode of 1080p60
involves a 148.5MHz output clock.
The parallel output video interface provides up to 16-bits of data per pixel, a vertical synchronization signal
(VSYNC), and a horizontal synchronization signal (HSYNC) that are all synchronous to the output clock,
CLKOUT. VSYNC and HSYNC are by default logically active high, and output a high logic level during blanking
periods.
The following application diagrams illustrate each high-level typical configuration given in Table 1.
Sony LVDS Parallel 10-Bit Mode
Figure 13 illustrates the LVDS Parallel 10-bit mode for 1080p60 operation.
In this configuration, the image sensor transmits 10-bit video with a DDR reference clock operating at 74.25MHz.
The SN65LVDS324 provides a 2x PLL to convert the 74.25MHz SubLVDS input to a 148.5MHz pixel clock
output (CLKOUT) for the 10-bit output interface.
An SPI-like serial bus is used to configure and control the sensor in this typical application example. The DSP
shall properly configure the sensor to the particular target application, which may involve setting the electrical
interface and optical gain settings.
The SN65LVDS324 identifies sync codes from the data stream to identify vertical and horizontal sync conditions,
and sets the outputs HSYNC and VSYNC appropriately.
Figure 14 illustrates the 12-bit LVDS Parallel mode for 1080p60 operation. This mode operates identically to the
LVDS Parallel 10-bit mode other than the data width and sync codes.
Panasonic 2-Channel 2-Port 12-Bit Mode
Figure 15 illustrates the 1080p60 2-Channel 2-Port 12-bit operating mode.
The channel 2 clock is not guaranteed to be synchronous with channel 1; the SN65LVDS324 Word Alignment
function provides the data synchronization between channel 1 and channel 2. If the sensor output is dual-frame
WDR, the SN65LVDS324 transmits the data for both frames.
Figure 16 illustrates the 16-bit color 1080p60 2-Channel 2-Port operating mode.
Figure 16. 2-Channel 2-Port 16bpp Application
SLLSED9 –NOVEMBER 2012
Aptina 1-Channel 4-Lane 12-bit Mode
Figure 17 illustrates the 1080p60 1-Channel 4-Lane 12-bit per pixel operating mode with an image sensor pixel
clock frequency is 148.5MHz (222.75MHz SubLVDS clock frequency). In this configuration, the SN65LVDS324
outputs the parallel pixel clock (CLKOUT) at 148.5MHz by implementing a PLL operating with a 2/3 multiplier
from the SubLVDS clock input (SCLKP/N).
Figure 18 illustrates the 1080p60 1-Channel 4-Lane 14-bit per pixel operating mode. Some image sensors utilize
a compression method in 14-bit mode that communicates compressed data in 14 bits per pixel that can be
expanded to 16 or 20 bits per pixel by the DSP video processing pipeline.
Aptina 1-Channel 4-Lane 16-bit Mode
Figure 19 illustrates the 1080p60 1-Channel 4-Lane 16-bit per pixel operating mode.
Figure 20 illustrates the 720p60 1-Channel 2-Lane 12-bit per pixel operating mode.
SLLSED9 –NOVEMBER 2012
Decoupling Recommendations
To minimize the power supply noise floor, provide good decoupling near the SN65LVDS324 power pins. The use
of four ceramic capacitors (2x 0.01 µF and 2x 0.1 µF) provides good performance. At the very least, it is
recommended to install one 0.1 µF and one 0.01 µF capacitor near the SN65LVDS324. To avoid large current
loops and trace inductance, the trace length between decoupling capacitors and device power inputs pins must
be minimized. Placing the capacitor underneath the SN65LVDS324 on the bottom of the PCB is often a good
choice.
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
Package Type Package
(1)
MICROSTAR
JUNIOR
Drawing
ZQL591000Green (RoHS
Pins Package
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
& no Sb/Br)
Lead/Ball FinishMSL Peak Temp
(3)
Call TILevel-3-260C-168 HR-40 to 85LVDS324
Op Temp (°C)Top-Side Markings
(4)
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
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