LED Driver with Average-Current Mode Constant-Current Control
Features
• Fast Average Current Control
• Programmable Constant Off-time Switching
• Linear Dimming Input
• PWM Dimming Input
• Output Short-circuit Protection with Skip Mode
• –40°C to +125°C Ambient Operating
emperature
T
• Pin-compatible with HV9910B
Applications
• DC/DC or AC/DC LED Driver Applications
• LED Backlight Driver for LCD Displays
• General Purpose Constant-current Source
• LED Signage and Displays
• Architectural and Decorative LED Lighting
• LED Street Lighting
General Description
The HV9961 is an Average-Current mode
constant-current control LED driver IC operating in a
constant Off-time mode. Unlike the HV9910B, this
control IC does not produce a peak-to-average error.
This greatly improves accuracy as well as the line and
load regulations of the LED current without any need
for loop compensation or high-side current sensing. Its
output LED current accuracy is ±3%.
The IC is equipped with a current limit comparator for
mode output short-circuit protection.
Hiccup
The HV9961 can be powered from an 8V–450V supply.
has a PWM dimming input that accepts an external
It
control TTL-compatible signal. In addition, the output
current can be programmed by an internal 275 mV
reference or controlled externally through a 0V–1.5V
linear dimming input.
The HV9961 is pin-to-pin compatible with HV9910B,
d it can be used as a drop-in replacement for many
an
applications to improve LED current accuracy and
regulation.
VIN to GND ............................................................................................................................................ –0.5V to +470V
to GND ............................................................................................................................................................ +12V
V
DD
CS, LD, PWMD, Gate, RT to GND.................................................................................................... –0.3V to VDD+0.3V
Junction Temperature, TJ .................................................................................................................... –40°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature, T
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C):
..................................................................................................................... –65°C to +150°C
S
...................... 650 mW
† Notic
e: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not intended. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Specifications: TA = 25°C, VIN = 12V, VLD = VDD, and V
Table 2-1. Refer to Package Types for the location of
pins.
TABLE 2-1:PIN FUNCTION TABLE
Pin Number
8-lead SOIC 16-lead SOIC
11VINThis pin is the input of an 8V–450V linear regulator.
24CS
35GND
48Gate
59PWMD
612V
713LD
814RT
—
2, 3, 6, 7, 10,
1, 15 and16
1
Pin NameDescription
This pin is the current sense pin use
an external sense resistor.
Ground return for all internal circuitry. This pin must be electrically
nnected to the ground of the power train.
co
This pin is the output of gate driver for driving an external N-chan-
nel power MOSFET.
This is the PWM dimming input of the IC. When this pin is pulled to
GND, the
gate driver operates normally.
DD
NCNo connection
This is the power supply pin for all internal circuits. It must be
bypassed with a low ESR capacitor to GND (at least 0.1 F).
This pin is the linear dimming input, and
threshold as long as the voltage at this pin is less than 1.5V. If voltage at LD falls below 150 mV, the gate output is disabled. The gate
gnal recovers at 200 mV at LD.
si
A resistor connected between this pin a
off-time.
gate driver is turned off. When the pin is pulled high, the
d to sense the FET current with
it sets the current sense
nd GND programs the gate
DS20005588A-page 6 2017 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 7
HV9961
T
OFF
s
RTk
25
------------------ -
0.3+=
within the range of 30 k RT 1 M
I
LED
0.275V
R
CS
-----------------
=
When the voltage at the LD input VLD 1.5V
I
LED
VLD0.185
R
CS
----------------------------- -
=
When the voltage at the LD input 0.2V VLD < 1.5V
L
O
V
OMAXTOFF
0.4 I
O
---------------------------------------- -
=
3.0APPLICATION INFORMATION
3.1General Description
Peak current control (as in HV9910B) is the simplest
and the most economical way to regulate a buck
converter's output current. However, it suffers accuracy
and regulation problems that arise from
peak-to-average current error, contributed by the
current ripple in the output inductor and the
propagation delay in the current sense comparator.
The full inductor current signal is unavailable for direct
switch current sensing across the sense resistor at the
ground path in this low-side switch buck converter
when the control switch is at the ground potential
because the switch is turned off. While it is very simple
to detect the peak current in the switch, controlling the
average inductor current is usually implemented by
level translating the sense signal from +V
this is practical for a relatively low-input voltage, VIN,
this type of average-current control may become
excessively complex and expensive in the offline AC or
other high-voltage DC applications.
The HV9961 uses a proprietary
control scheme that
allows fast and accurate control of the average current
in the buck inductor by sensing the switch current only.
No compensation of the current control loop is
required. The output LED current’s response to PWMD
input is similar to that of the HV9910B. The effect of
inductor current ripple amplitude on this control
scheme is insignificant. Therefore, the LED current is
independent of the variation in inductance, switching
frequency or output voltage. Constant off-time control
of the buck converter is used for stability and improving
the LED current regulation over a wide range of input
voltages. Unlike HV9910B, the HV9961 does not
ort Constant Frequency mode.
supp
. Although
IN
3.3Average-Current Control
Feedback and Output Short-circuit
Protection
The current through the switching Metal-oxide
Semiconductor Field-effect Transistor (MOSFET)
source is averaged and used to give constant-current
feedback. This current is detected with a sense resistor
at the CS pin. The feedback operates in a fast
Open-loop mode. No compensation is required. Output
current is programmed as seen in Equation 3-2.
EQUATION 3-2:
If the voltage at the LD input is less than 1.5V, the
output current is computed as specified in
Equation 3-3.
EQUATION 3-3:
The above equations are only valid for continuous
conduction of the output inductor. It is good design
practice to choose the inductance of the inductor such
that the peak-to-peak inductor current is 30% to 40% of
the average DC full-load current. Hence, the
recommended inductance can be calculated as shown
in Equation 3-4.
EQUATION 3-4:
3.2Off Timer
The timing resistor connected between RT and GND
determines the off-time of the gate driver. Wiring this
resistor between RT and Gate as with HV9910B is no
longer supported. Refer to Equation 3-1 for the
The duty-cycle range of the current control feedback is
limited to D 0.75. A reduction in the LED current may
occur when the desired LED string voltage VO is
greater than 75% of the input voltage V
of the
IN
HV9961 LED driver.
Reducing the targeted output LED string voltage V
below V
O(MIN)
= V
IN
x D
, where D
MIN
= 1 µs/(T
MIN
O
OFF
+1 µs), may also result in the loss of regulation of the
LED current. This condition, however, causes an
increase in the LED current and can potentially trip the
short-circuit protection comparator.
The typical output characteristic of the HV9961 LED
r is shown in Figure 3-1. The corresponding
drive
HV9910B characteristic is given for the comparison.
Page 8
HV9961
V
IN MAX
T
JMAXTA
–
R
JA
IIN
------------------------------- -
=
396V=
Where:
Ambient temperature: TA = 25°C
Maximum working junction temperature: T
J(MAX)
= 125°C
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance:
R
,JA
= 101°C/W
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
LED Current (A)
0.30
0.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Output Characteristics
VIN = 170VDC
HV9961
HV9910B
Output Voltage (V)
FIGURE 3-1:Typical Output
Characteristic of an HV9961 LED Driver.
The short-circuit protection comparator trips when the
voltage at CS exceeds 0.44V. When this occurs, the
short-circuit gate off-time T
= 400 µs is
HICCUP
generated to prevent the staircasing of the inductor
current and, potentially, its saturation due to insufficient
output voltage. The typical short-circuit inductor current
is shown in the waveform of Figure 3-2.
0.44V/R
CS
400µs
FIGURE 3-2:Short-circuit Inductor
Current.
A leading-edge blanking delay is provided at CS to
prevent false triggering of the current feedback and the
short-circuit protection.
3.4Linear Dimming
When the voltage at LD falls below 1.5V, the internal
275 mV reference to the constant-current feedback
becomes overridden by VLD x 0.185. As long as the
current in the inductor remains continuous, the LED
current is given by Equation 3-3. However, when V
falls below 150 mV, the gate output becomes disabled.
The gate signal recovers when V
exceeds 200 mV. It
LD
is required in some applications to use the same
brightness control signal input to shut off the lamp. The
typical linear dimming response is shown in Figure 3-3.
LD
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
LED Current (A)
0.10
0.05
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
FIGURE 3-3:
LD Response Characteristics
LD (V)
Typical Linear Dimming
Response of an HV9961 LED Driver.
The linear dimming input could also be used for
“mixed-mode” dimming to expand the dimming ratio. In
such case, a pulse-width modulated signal with an
amplitude below 1.5V should be applied to LD.
3.5Input Voltage Regulator
The HV9961 can be powered directly from an
8 VDC–450 VDC supply through its VIN input. When this
voltage is applied at the VIN pin, the HV9961 maintains
a constant 7.5V level at V
to power the IC and external circuitry connected to V
within the rated maximum current or within the thermal
ratings of the package, whichever limit is lower. The
pin must be bypassed by a low ESR capacitor to
V
DD
provide a low-impedance path for the high-frequency
current of the gate output. The HV9961 can also be
wered through the VDD pin directly with a voltage
po
greater than the internally regulated 7.5V, but less than
12V.
Despite the instantaneous voltage rating of 450V,
uous voltage at VIN is limited by the power
contin
dissipation in the package. For example, when HV9961
draws I
= 2.5 mA from the VIN input, and the 8-pin
IN
SOIC package is used, the maximum continuous
voltage at VIN is limited to the value shown in
Equation 3-5.
EQUATION 3-5:
. This voltage can be used
DD
DD
DS20005588A-page 8 2017 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 9
In such cases, when it is needed to operate the
IIN1mA QGfS+
Where:
fS = Switching frequency
Q
G
= Gate charge of the external FET (obtained from
the manufacturer’s data sheet)
CH4 = Inductor Current
CH3 = Inductor Current
of HV9910B
for comparison
CH2 = V
PWMD
HV9961 from a higher voltage, a resistor or a Zener
diode can be added in series with the VIN input to divert
some of the power loss from the HV9961. In the above
e, using a 100V Zener diode will allow the circuit
exampl
to work up to 490V. The input current drawn from the
pin is represented by Equation 3-6.
V
IN
EQUATION 3-6:
3.6Gate Output
The gate output of the HV9961 is used to drive an
external MOSFET. It is recommended that the gate
charge Q
for switching frequencies 100 kHz and less than
15 nC for switching frequencies >100 kHz.
of the external MOSFET be less than 25 nC
G
HV9961
3.7PWM Dimming
Due to the fast open-loop response of the
average-current control loop of the HV9961, its PWM
dimming performance nearly matches that of the
HV9910B. The inductor current waveform comparison
is shown in Figure 3-4.
FIGURE 3-4:Typical PWM Dimming
Response of an HV9961 LED Driver.
The rising and falling edges are limited by the current
slew rate in the inductor. The first switching cycle is
terminated upon reaching the 275 mV or V
level at CS. The circuit is further reaching its
steady-state within 3–4 switching cycles regardless of
the switching frequency.
Legend: XX...X Product Code or Customer-specific information
YYear code (last digit of calendar year)
YYYear code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WWWeek code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
NNNAlphanumeric traceability codePb-free JEDEC
®
designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
*This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ()
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
Note:In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for product code or customer-specific information. Package may or
not include the corporate logo.
e3
e3
e3
e
3
4.0PACKAGING INFORMATION
4.1Package Marking Information
8-lead SOIC
XXXXXXXX
YYWW
NNN
16-lead SOIC
XXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
Example
HV9961LG
1725
888
Example
HV9961NG
1714789
3
e
3
e
DS20005588A-page 10 2017 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 11
HV9961
Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.
Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.
DS20005588A-page 12 2017 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 13
APPENDIX A:REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (November 2017)
• Converted Supertex Doc# DSFP-HV9961 to
Microchip DS20005588A
• Changed the package marking format
• Changed the packaging quantity of the LG package from 2500/Reel to 3300/Reel
• Changed the packaging quantity of the NG M901
media type from 1000/Reel to 2600/Reel
• Changed the packaging quantity of the NG M934
media type from 2500/Reel to 2600/Reel
• Made minor text changes throughout the document
Note: For Media Types M901 and M934, the base quantity for tape and reel
was standardized to 2600/reel. Both options will result in the delivery of
the same number of parts/reel.
XX
Package
-
X - X
Environmental
Media Type
Options
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, contact your local Microchip representative or sales office.
DS20005588A-page 14 2017 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 15
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
YSTEM
CERTIFIEDBYDNV
== ISO/TS16949==
•Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
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code hopping
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