HV9921/HV9922/HV9923 are pulse-width modulated
(PWM), high-efficiency, LED driver control ICs. They
allow efficient operation of LED strings from voltage
sources ranging up to 400VDC. HV9921/22/23 include
an internal high voltage switching MOSFET controlled
with fixed off-time (T
LED string is driven at constant current, thus providing
constant light output and enhanced reliability. The output current is internally fixed at 20mA for HV9921,
50mA for HV992, and 30mA for HV9923. The peak current control scheme provides good regulation of the
output current throughout the universal AC line voltage
range of 85 to 264VAC or DC input voltage of 20 to
400V.
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DS20005311A-page 2 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Supply Voltage VDD................................ -0.3V to +10V
Supply Current I
Operating Ambient temperature ...........-40°C to +85°C
Operating Junction Temperature ........-40°C to +125°C
Storage temperature ..........................-65°C to +150°C
Power dissipation @+25°C for TO-92 .............740 mW
Power dissipation @+25°C for SOT-89....... 1600 mW*
* Mounted on FR4 board, 24mmx25mmx1.57mm
Note: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute
Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to
the device. This is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at those or any other conditions, above those indicated in the operational listings
of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
1DrainDrain terminal of the output switching MOSFET and a linear regulator input
2GNDCommon connection for all circuits
3VDD
Power Supply pin for all control circuits. By pass this pin with a 0.1 F low-impedance
capacitor
3.0FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The HV9921/22/23 are PWM peak current controllers
designed to control a buck converter topology in continuous conduction mode (CCM). The output current is
internally preset at 20mA for HV9921, 50mA for
HV992, and 30mA for HV9923.
When the input voltage of 20 to 400V appears at the
DRAIN pin, the internal high-voltage linear regulator
seeks to maintain a voltage of 7.5VDC at the V
Until this voltage exceeds the internally programmed
under-voltage threshold, the output switching MOSFET
is non-conductive. When the threshold is exceeded,
the MOSFET turns on. The input current begins to flow
into the DRAIN pin. Hysteresis is provided in the undervoltage comparator to prevent oscillation.
When the input current exceeds the internal preset
level, a current sense comparator resets an RS flipflop, and the MOSFET turns off. At the same time, a
one-shot circuit is activated that determines the duration of the off-state (10.5s typical). As soon as this
time is over, the flip-flop sets again. The new switching
cycle begins.
A “blanking” delay of 300ns is provided that prevents
false triggering of the current sense comparator due to
the leading edge spike caused by circuit parasitics.
DD
pin.
4.0APPLICATION INFORMATION
HV9921/22/23 are low-cost off-line buck converter ICs
specifically designed for driving multi-LED strings.
They can be operated from either universal AC line
range of 85 to 264VAC, or 20 to 400VDC, and drive up
to tens of high-brightness LEDs. All LEDs can be run in
series, and the HV9921/22/23 regulate at constant current, yielding uniform illumination. HV9921/22/23 are
compatible with triac dimmers. The output current is
internally fixed at 20mA for HV9921, 50mA for HV9922,
and 30mA for HV9923. These parts are available in
space saving TO-92 and SOT-89 packages.
4.1Selecting L1 and D1
There is a certain trade-off to be considered between
optimal sizing of the output inductor L1 and the tolerated output current ripple. The required value of L1 is
inversely proportional to the ripple current I
VOT
OFF
------------------------------ -
L1
=
is the forward voltage of the LED string. T
V
O
off-time of HV9921/22/23. The output current in the
LED string (I
where I
The ripple current introduces a peak-to-average error
in the output current setting that needs to be accounted
for. Due to the constant off-time control technique used
in HV9921/22/23, the ripple current is independent of
the input AC or DC line voltage variation. Therefore, the
output current will remain unaffected by the varying
input voltage.
Adding a filter capacitor across the LED string can
reduce the output current ripple even further, thus permitting a reduced value of L1. However, keep in mind
that the peak-to-average current error is affected by the
variation of T
accuracy might be sacrificed at large ripple current in
L1.
Another important aspect of designing an LED driver
with the HV9921/22/23 is related to certain parasitic
elements of the circuit, including distributed coil capacitance of L1, junction capacitance and reverse recovery
of the rectifier diode D1, capacitance of the printed circuit board traces C
of the controller itself. These parasitic elements affect
the efficiency of the switching converter and could
potentially cause false triggering of the current sense
comparator if not properly managed. Minimizing these
parasitics is essential for efficient and reliable operation
of the HV9921/22/23.
) is calculated then as:
O
IOI
is the current sense comparator threshold.
TH
. Therefore, the initial output current
OFF
PCB
IO
1
–=
-- -IO
TH
2
and output capacitance C
in it.
O
OFF
is the
DRAIN
DS20005311A-page 6 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 7
HV9921/HV9922/HV9923
Coil capacitance of inductors is typically provided in the
manufacturer’s data books either directly or in terms of
the self-resonant frequency (SRF).
=
SRF1 2LC
where L is the inductance value, and C
L
is the coil
L
capacitance.) Charging and discharging this capacitance every switching cycle causes high-current spikes
in the LED string. Therefore, connecting a small capacitor C
(~10nF) is recommended to bypass these
O
spikes.
Using an ultra-fast rectifier diode for D1 is recommended to achieve high efficiency and reduce the risk
of false triggering of the current sense comparator.
Using diodes with shorter reverse recovery time, t
and lower junction capacitance, C
performance. The reverse voltage rating, V
, achieves better
J
, of the
R
diode must be greater than the maximum input voltage
of the LED lamp.
The total parasitic capacitance present at the DRAIN
pin of the HV9921/22/23 can be calculated as:
CPC
+++=
DRAINCPCBCLCJ
4.2Estimating Power Loss
Discharging the parasitic capacitance CP into the
DRAIN pin of the HV9921/22/23 is responsible for the
bulk of the switching power loss. It can be estimated
using the following equation:
2
V
C
IN
P
----------------- - V
2
I
IN
SAT
where F
P
SWITCH
is the switching frequency, I
S
rated DRAIN current of the HV9921/22/23. The switching loss is the greatest at the maximum input voltage.
The switching frequency is given by the following equa-
,
rr
tion.
VINVO–
F
------------------------ -=
S
V
INTOFF
When the HV9921/22/23 LED driver is powered from
the full-wave rectified AC input, the switching power
loss can be estimated as:
P
SWITCH
1
------------------- - V
2T
OFF
ACCP
2I
SATtrr
F
trr+
=
is the satu-
SAT
+VACVO–
S
When the switching MOSFET turns on, the capacitance C
is discharged into the DRAIN pin of the IC.
P
The discharge current is limited to about 150mA typi-
cally. However, it may become lower at increased junction temperature. The duration of the leading edge
current spike can be estimated as:
VINCP
SPIKE
------------------- - trr+=
I
SAT
T
In order to avoid false triggering of the current sense
comparator, C
The switching power loss associated with turn-off transitions of the DRAIN pin can be disregarded. Due to the
large amount of parasitic capacitance connected to this
switching node, the turn-off transition occurs essentially at zero-voltage.
Conduction power loss in the HV9921/22/23 can be
calculated as:
P
COND
where D = V
tance, I
is the internal linear regulator current.
DD
O/VIN
2
DI
RONIDDVIN1D–+=
O
is the duty ratio, RON is the on-resis-
When the LED driver is powered from the full-wave rectified AC line input, the exact equation for calculating
the conduction loss is more cumbersome. However, it
can be estimated using the following equation:
As with all off-line converters, selecting an input filter is
critical to obtaining good EMI. A switching side capacitor, albeit of small value, is necessary in order to ensure
low impedance to the high frequency switching currents of the converter. As a rule of thumb, this capacitor
should be approximately 0.1-0.2 F/W of LED output
power. A recommended input filter is shown in
DS20005311A-page 10 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 11
5.0LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
HV9921/HV9922/HV9923
For a recommended circuit board layout for the
HV9921/22/23, see Figure 5-1.
5.1Single Point Grounding
Use a single point ground connection from the input filter capacitor to the area of copper connected to the
GND pin.
5.2Bypass Capacitor (CDD)
The VDD pin bypass capacitor CDD should be located
as near as possible to the V
and GND pins.
DD
5.3Switching Loop Areas
The area of the switching loop connecting the input fil-
ter capacitor C
together should be kept as small as possible.
The switching loop area connecting the output filter
capacitor C
together should be kept as small as possible.
, the diode D1 and the HV9921/22/23
IN
, the inductor L1 and the diode D1
O
5.4Thermal Considerations vs.
Radiated EMI
The copper area where GND pin is connected acts not
only as a single point ground, but also as a heat sink.
This area should be maximized for good heat sinking,
especially when the SOT-89 package is used. The
same applies to the cathode of the free-wheeling diode
D1. Both nodes are quiet; therefore, they will not cause
radiated RF emission. The switching node copper area
connected to the DRAIN pin of the HV9921/22/23, the
anode of D1 and the inductor L1 needs to be minimized. A large switching node area can increase high
frequency radiated EMI.
5.5Input Filter Layout Considerations
The input circuits of the EMI filter must not be placed in
the direct proximity to the inductor L1 in order to avoid
magnetic coupling of its leakage fields. This consideration is especially important when unshielded construction of L1 is used. When an axial input EMI filter
inductor L
nal with respect to L1. The loop area formed by C
L
and CIN should be minimized. The input lead wires
IN
must be twisted together.
is selected, it must be positioned orthogo-
IN
IN2
,
FIGURE 5-1:RECOMMENDED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT WITH HV9921/22/23
Legend: XX...XProduct Code or Customer-specific information
YYear code (last digit of calendar year)
YYYear code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WWWeek code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
NNNAlphanumeric traceability code
3
e
Pb-free JEDEC
*This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ()
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
Note:In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for product code or customer-specific information. Package may or
may not include the corporate logo.
DS20005311A-page 12 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
®
designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
3
e
Page 13
HV9921/HV9922/HV9923
3-Lead TO-243AA (SOT-89) Package Outline (N8)
D
12 3
L
D1
H
E
E1
C
b
e
e1
Top View
Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.
SymbolAbb1CDD1EE1ee1HL
Dimensions
(mm)
JEDEC Registration TO-243, Variation AA, Issue C, July 1986.
† This dimension differs from the JEDEC drawing
Drawings not to scale.
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Customers should contact their distributor,
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DS20005311A-page 16 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 17
HV9921/HV9922/HV9923
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO.
Device
Device:HV9921 = 3-Pin Switch-Mode LED Lamp Driver IC,
Package
Options
-
XX
Environmental
HV9922 = 3-Pin Switch-Mode LED Lamp Driver IC,
HV9923 = 3-Pin Switch-Mode LED Lamp Driver IC,
-
X
20 mA output current
50 mA output current
30 mA output current
X
Reel
Examples:
a)HV9921N3-G:20 mA output current,
b)HV9923N8-G:30 mA output current,
TO-92 package, 1000/
bag
TO-243AA(SOT-89)
package, 2000/reel
Package:N3= TO-92
EnvironmentalG= Lead (Pb)-free/ROHS-compliant package
Reel:(nothing) = 1000/bag for N3 package, 2000/reel for N8
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
•Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
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DS20005311A-page 18 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 19
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