LED Driver with Average-Mode Constant Current Control
Features
• Fast average current control
• Programmable constant off-time switching
• PWM / linear dimming input
• Output short circuit protection with skip mode
• Ambient operating temperature -40°C to +125°C
• Pin-compatible with the HV9910B and HV9961
Applications
• DC/DC or AC/DC LED driver applications
• LED back-light driver for LCD displays
• General purpose constant current source
• LED signage and displays
• Architectural and decorative LED lighting
• LED street lighting
Description
HV9861A is a patented, average-mode, constant-current control, LED driver IC operating in a constant offtime mode. Unlike the HV9910B, this control IC does
not produce a peak-to-average error, which therefore
greatly improves the accuracy, line and load regulation
of the LED current without any need for loop compensation or high-side current sensing. The output LED
current accuracy is ±3%.
The IC is equipped with a current limit comparator for
hiccup-mode output short circuit protection. Internal
over-temperature protection is provided. The internally
regulated voltage (V
The IC can be powered from a 15 - 450V supply. A
PWM dimming input is provided that accepts an external control TTL-compatible signal. The output current
can be programmed by an internal 270mV reference,
or controlled externally through a 0 - 1.5V dimming
input.
HV9861A is pin-to-pin compatible with the HV9910B
and HV9961, and can be used as a drop-in replacement for many applications to improve the LED current
accuracy and regulation.
Note: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is
a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at
those or any other conditions, above those indicated in the
operational listings of this specification, is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may
affect device reliability.
= +25°C)
A
1.1ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
+ 0.3V)
DD
HV9861A
TABLE 1-1:ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (SHEET 1 OF 2)
1
SymbolParameterNoteMinTypMaxUnits Conditions
Input
V
I
INSD
INDC
Input DC supply voltage
2
range
Shut-down mode supply
current
3
15-450VDC input voltage
3
-0.51.1mAPin PWMD to GND
Internal Regulator
V
DD
V
DD
, load Load regulation of V
V
DD
UVLO
UVLO
V
DD(UV)VDD
I
IN,MAX
Internally regulated voltage-7.257.508.20V500pF at GATE; RT = 226k
TABLE 1-1:ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONTINUED) (SHEET 2 OF 2)
SymbolParameterNoteMinTypMaxUnits Conditions
Average Current Sense Logic
V
CS
A
V(LD)
A
V
V
LD(OFFSET)
V
CS(TEMP)
V
LD(OFF)
V
LD(OFF)
T
BLANK
T
ON(min)
D
MAX
Short Circuit Protection
V
CS
T
DELAY
T
HICCUP
T
ON(min)
TOFF Timer
T
OFF
GATE Driver
I
SOURCE
I
SINK
t
RISE
t
FALL
Over-Temperature Protection
T
SD
T
1Specifications are T
2Also limited by package-power dissipation limit; Whichever is lower.
3Applies over the full operating ambient temperature range of -40°C < T
4For design guidance only
Current sense reference
voltage
-262-280mV
LD-to-CS voltage ratio-0.175-0.182-
•
LD-to-CS voltage offset--10-10mV
CS threshold temp regulation
4
--5mV
Offset = V
VLD = 1.2V
LD input voltage, shutdown --150-mVVLD falling
LD input voltage, enable --200-mVVLD rising
Current sense blanking
interval
3
140-290ns
Minimum on-time---760nsCS = VCS + 30mV
Maximum steady-state duty
cycle
Hiccup threshold voltage
Current limit delay CS-toGATE
3
80--%
3
410-510mV
---150nsCS = V
Reduction in output LED current may occur beyond this
duty cycle
DS20005333A-page 4 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 5
2.0PIN DESCRIPTION
The locations of the pins are listed in Package Types.
TABLE 2-1:PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin #
8-Lead SOIC 16-Lead SOIC
11VINInput of a 15 - 450V linear regulator.
24CS
35GND
48GATEOutput GATE driver for an external N-channel power MOSFET.
59PWMD
612VDD
713LD
814RT
-
2, 3, 6, 7, 10,
11, 15, 16
FunctionDescription
Current sense pin used to sense the FET current by means of an
external sense resistor.
Ground return for all internal circuitry. This pin must be electrically
connected to the ground of the power train.
PWM-dimming input of the IC. When this pin is pulled to GND, the
gate driver is turned off. When the pin is pulled high, the gate driver
operates normally.
Power supply pin for all internal circuits. It must be bypassed with a
low ESR capacitor to GND (at least 0.1F).
Linear-dimming input. Sets the current sense threshold as long as
the voltage at this pin is less than 1.5V. If voltage at LD falls below
150mV, the GATE output is disabled. The GATE signal recovers at
200mV at LD.
A resistor connected between this pin and GND programs the
GATE off-time.
Peak-current control (as in the HV9910B) of a buck
converter is the most economical and simple way to
regulate its output current. However, this method suffers accuracy and regulation problems that arise from
the so-called peak-to-average current error, contributed to by the current ripple in the output inductor and
the propagation delay in the current-sense comparator.
The full inductor-current signal is unavailable for direct
sensing at the ground potential in a buck converter
when the control switch is referenced to the same
ground potential. While it is very simple to detect the
peak current in the switch, controlling the average
inductor current is usually implemented by level translating the sense signal from the positive supply rail.
Though this is practical for relatively low input voltage,
this type of average-current control may become
excessively complex and expensive in off line AC or
other high-voltage DC applications.
HV9861A employs a patented control scheme, achieving fast and very accurate control of average current in
the buck inductor through sensing the switch current
only. No compensation of the current-control loop is
required. The LED current response to PWMD input is
similar to that of the HV9910B. The inductor-current ripple amplitude does not affect this control scheme significantly. Therefore, the LED current is independent of
the variation in inductance, switching frequency, or output voltage. Constant off-time control of the buck converter is used for stability and to improve the LEDcurrent regulation over a wide range of input voltages.
(Note that, unlike the HV9910B, this IC does not support the constant-frequency mode of operation.)
3.1OFF Timer
The timing resistor connected to RT determines the offtime of the gate driver, and it must be wired to GND.
Wiring this resistor to GATE as with the HV9910B is no
longer supported. The equation governing the off-time
of the GATE output is given by:
Within the range of 30k R
3.2Average Current Control
Feedback and Output Short
Circuit Protection
The current through the switching MOSFET source is
averaged and used to give constant-current feedback.
This current is detected using a sense resistor at the
1.0M.
T
CS pin. The feedback operates in a fast open-loop
mode. No compensation is required. Output current is
programmed simply as:
When the voltage at the LD input V
1.5V. Other-
LD
wise:
The above equations are only valid for continuous conduction of the output inductor. It is a good practice to
design the inductor such that the switching ripple current in it is 30~40% of its average peak-to-peak, full
load, DC current. Hence, the recommended inductance
can be calculated as:
The duty-cycle range of the current control feedback is
limited to D 0.8. A reduction in the LED current may
occur when the LED string voltage V
is greater than
O
80% of the input voltage VIN of the HV9861A LED
driver.
Reducing the output LED voltage VO below V
VIN • D
, where D
MIN
= 760ns/(T
MIN
+760ns), may
OFF
O(MIN)
=
also result in the loss of regulation of the LED current.
However, this condition causes an increase in the LED
current and can potentially trip the short-circuit protection comparator.
A typical output characteristic of the HV9861A LED
driver is shown in Figure 3-1. The corresponding
HV9910B characteristic is given for comparison.
FIGURE 3-1:TYPICAL OUTPUT
CHARACTERISTIC OF AN
HV9861A LED DRIVER
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
LED Current (A)
0.30
0.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Output Characteristics
VIN = 170VDC
HV9861A
HV9910B
Output Voltage (V)
DS20005333A-page 6 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 7
HV9861A
650μs
0.45V/R
CS
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
LED Current (A)
LD (V)
LD Response Characteristics
V
IN MAX
T
JMAXTA
–
R
JA–
IIN
------------------------------ -330V==
IIN1.0mA QGfs+
The short circuit protection comparator trips when the
voltage at CS exceeds 0.45V. When this occurs, the
GATE off-time T
= 650µs is generated to prevent
HICCUP
stair-casing of the inductor current, and potentially its
saturation, due to insufficient output voltage. The typical short-circuit current is shown in the waveform of
Figure 3-2.
FIGURE 3-2:SHORT-CIRCUIT
INDUCTOR CURRENT
A leading-edge blanking delay is provided at CS to prevent false triggering of the current feedback and the
short circuit protection.
3.3Linear Dimming
When the voltage at LD falls below 1.5V, the internal
270mV reference to the constant-current feedback
becomes overridden by VLD • 0.18. As long as the current in the inductor remains continuous, the LED current is given by the equation in Section 3.2. However,
when V
becomes disabled. The GATE signal recovers, when
V
LD
tions to be able to shut the LED lamp off with the same
signal input that controls the brightness. The typical linear dimming response is shown in Figure 3-3.
FIGURE 3-3:TYPICAL LINEAR DIMMING
falls below 150mV, the GATE output
LD
exceeds 200mV. This is required in some applica-
RESPONSE OF AN
HV9861A LED DRIVER
3.4Input Voltage Regulator
HV9861A can be powered directly from a 15 – 450VDC
supply through its VIN input. When this voltage is
applied at the VIN pin, the HV9861A maintains a constant 7.5V level at VDD. This voltage can be used to
power the IC and external circuitry connected to VDD
within the rated maximum current or within the thermal
ratings of the package, whichever limit is lower. The
VDD pin must be bypassed by a low ESR capacitor to
provide a low impedance path for the high frequency
current of the GATE output. The HV9861A can also be
powered through the VDD pin directly with a voltage
greater than the internally regulated 7.5V, but less than
12V.
Despite the instantaneous voltage rating of 450V, continuous voltage at VIN is limited by the power dissipation in the package. For example, when these ICs draw
= 3.0mA from the VIN input, and the 8-lead SOIC
I
IN
package is used, the maximum continuous voltage at
VIN is limited to the following:
In this instance, the ambient temperature T
maximum working junction temperature T
and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance R
101°C/W.
In such cases, when it is needed to operate the
HV9861A from a higher voltage, a resistor or a Zener
diode can be added in series with the VIN input to divert
some of the power loss from the IC. In the above example, using a 100V Zener diode will allow the circuit to
work up to 430V. The input current drawn from the VIN
pin is represented by the following equation:
= 25°C, the
A
= 125°C,
J(MAX)
,JA
=
The linear dimming input could also be used for “mixedmode” dimming to expand the dimming ratio. In such
case a pulse-width modulated signal of a measured
amplitude below 1.5V should be applied at LD.
The GATE output of HV9861A is used to drive an external MOSFET. The gate charge, Q
MOSFET should be less than 25nC for switching frequencies 100kHz and less than 15nC for switching
frequencies >100kHz.
, of the external
G
Page 8
HV9861A
CH2 (red): PWMD
CH4 (green): Inductor Current
CH3 (blue): Same as HV9910B, for comparison
R Q
S Q
T
OFF
Timer
Latch
Enable
Blanking
0.45V
min (V
LD
•
0.18, 0.27V)
650μs
Current
Mirror
i
Regulator
VIN
LD
CS
GND
VDD
GATE
PWMD
RT
UVLO
POR
0.15/0.20V
Average Current
Control Logic
OUT
Auto-REF
HV9861A
CLK
IN
+
-
+
-
+
-
11μA
3.6PWM Dimming
Due to the fast open-loop response of the averagemode, current-control loop of the HV9861A, the PWM
dimming performance nearly matches that of the
HV9910B. The inductor current waveform comparison
is shown in Figure 3-4.
FIGURE 3-4:TYPICAL PWM DIMMING
RESPONSE OF AN
HV9861A LED DRIVER
The rising and falling edges are limited by the current
slew rate in the inductor. The first switching cycle is terminated upon reaching the 270mV (VLD • 0.18) level at
CS. The circuit is further reaching its steady-state
within 3–4 switching cycles regardless of the switching
frequency.
FIGURE 3-5:FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
DS20005333A-page 8 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
Page 9
4.0PACKAGING INFORMATION
Legend: XX...XProduct Code or Customer-specific information
YYear code (last digit of calendar year)
YYYear code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
WWWeek code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
NNNAlphanumeric traceability code
Pb-free JEDEC
®
designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
*This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator ( )
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
Note:In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for product code or customer-specific information. Package may or
not include the corporate logo.
Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.Note: For the most current package drawings, see the Microchip Packaging Specification at www.microchip.com/packaging.
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
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DS20005333A-page 14 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
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Page 15
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