Product specification
Supersedes data of 1999 Jan 01
File under Integrated Circuits, IC11
2001 Oct 04
Page 2
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
CONTENTS
1FEATURES
2APPLICATIONS
3GENERAL DESCRIPTION
4ORDERING INFORMATION
5BLOCK DIAGRAM
6PINNING
6.1ST1 connector
6.2ST2 connector
7FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
7.1System overview
7.1.1Transponders
7.1.2Antenna
7.1.3Host system
7.1.4I/O functions
7.1.5Power supply
7.2Reader module software
7.3Reader module hardware
7.3.1Microcontroller
7.3.2Interface microcontroller to host
7.3.3Transmitting part
7.3.4Receiving part
7.3.5Digital signal processing unit
7.3.6Periodic disturbers
7.3.7Voltage regulating unit
7.3.8Standby mode
7.3.9Behaviour with HITAG 1 transponders
7.3.10Behaviour with HITAG 2 transponders
7.4Postal approval
7.5Operating security
7.5.1Anticollision mode
7.5.2Monitoring the supply voltage
7.5.3Antenna rupture and antenna short-circuit
7.6Security considerations
7.6.1Data privacy
HTRM800 family
8ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
9MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
10APPLICATION INFORMATION
10.1Metallic environment and interferences
10.2Distance between two antennas
10.3External power supply
10.4Possible sources of errors by connecting the
HTRM800
10.5Building HITAG long range antennas
10.5.1Basics
10.5.2Recommended antenna cable and length
10.5.3Tuning of the antenna current
10.5.4Tuning of the antenna phase
10.5.5HITAG antenna tuning device
10.5.6Antenna malfunction indication
10.5.7Additional remarks
10.6Antenna arrangements
11SURVEY OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
12DATA SHEET STATUS
13DEFINITIONS
14DISCLAIMERS
2001 Oct 042
Page 3
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
1FEATURES
• Multi-tag operation (anticollision)
• Read and write distances up to 1000 mm
• Digital signal processor to reduce noise sensitivity
• Communication with all HITAG transponders and
various other 125 kHz transponders
• Data encryption and key handling
• Easy system integration
• Three interface options
• Meets all requirements for CE and EMI approval.
2APPLICATIONS
• Universal and flexible reader module for long range
systems.
3GENERAL DESCRIPTION
(1)
HITAG
product lines of our 125 kHz family. The contactless read
and write system that works with passive transponders is
suitable for various applications.
is the nameof one of the universal and powerful
HTRM800 family
Inductive coupling helps you to achieve operating ranges
up to 1000 mm and the use of cryptography guarantees
highest data security.
Anticollision mode, which is used only in long range
operation, allows you to handle several transponders that
are within the communication field of the antenna at the
same time, thus achieving highest operating security and
permitting to handle several data transfers quickly and
simultaneously. In this context anticollision becomes an
essential element of applications such as ski-ticketing and
long range access control. With applications of that type it
will always happen that several transponders arrive in the
communication field of the antenna at the same time.
(1) HITAG - is a trademark of Philips Semiconductors
Gratkorn GmbH.
4ORDERING INFORMATION
PART NUMBERNAMEORDER CODE (12NC)
HTRM800/AEDHITAG long range reader module RS2329352 338 40122
HTRM800/CEDHITAG long range reader module RS4859352 338 50122
HTRM800/EEDHITAG long range reader module CMOS9352 338 60122
The HITAG long range reader module (see Fig.3) is a part
of a complete Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
system which consists of:
• Transponders
• Antenna
• Host system
• I/O functions
• Power supply.
7.1.1TRANSPONDERS
TheHTRM800cancommunicatewithtranspondersbased
on Philips HITAG 1 and HITAG 2.
7.1.2ANTENNA
The antenna is an important part of the HITAG long range
system. The antenna must provide energy and data
transmissionbetween the reader moduleand transponder.
7.1.3HOST SYSTEM
The connection to the host system (e.g. microcontroller
or PC) is a serial interface on RS232 level for data
transmission.
7.1.4I/O FUNCTIONS
One line of the HTRM800 is wired as input from e.g. a
switch and one line as output to drive a LED.
7.1.5POWER SUPPLY
The HTRM800 must be supplied from an external power
supply with +15 V and −15 V (see Section 10.3).
7.2Reader module software
Software command names mentioned in this data sheet
are fully described in document
“HTCM400, HTRM440
Family, HTRM800 Family Interface Protocol Reader Host”
.
7.3Reader module hardware
7.3.1MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller is placed on the HITAG core module
(see Fig.1) and processes the protocol for the
communication between the transponders and the reader
module. The interface signals are converted so that the
transponders are able to process them and the outgoing
signals from the transponders are converted into
interface-compatible signals.
The second essential microcontroller function is its control
function.Themicrocontrolleractivatesand deactivates the
transmitter and switches the receiver between the modes
for the different transponders reception.
Additional functions of the microcontroller are controlling
the standby mode of the amplifier, detection of detuned or
broken antennas (antenna malfunction) and controlling of
the input and output for general purpose.
2001 Oct 046
Page 7
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
7.3.2INTERFACE MICROCONTROLLER TO HOST
Thedevicecommunicates with the host system via a serial
interface using a baud rate of 9600 baud. Data transfer
details are: 1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity bit
and the least significant bit is sent first.
Version HTRM800/AED has an integrated RS232 level
driver. Version HTRM800/CED is wired with an RS485
level driver and version HTRM800/EED is wired with a
CMOS level driver.
7.3.3TRANSMITTING PART
For transmitting power and data to the transponder a
125 kHz sine signal is switched by the microcontroller and
amplified. The amplifier is designed as a current source.
A voltage limiter is used to clamp the output voltage of the
amplifierduring the decay and transient phases of the sine
signal.
7.3.4RECEIVING PART
After filtering and demodulation of the amplitude
modulated signal received from the transponder, the
receiveddataisconverted and passed to the Digital Signal
Processing (DSP) unit for further processing.
7.3.5DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT
The receiving part of the reader module includes
bandpass filters which attenuate disturbances (3 dB
attenuation at 105 and 145 kHz). For disturber
frequencies near the 125 kHz (e.g. harmonics of the line
frequency of PC monitors, long wave transmitters) a
fourier transformation is used to recognize harmonic
disturbersand to eliminate their influence. TheDSPis also
responsible for separating the responses of different
transponders during anticollison cycles (multiple
transponder operation).
HTRM800 family
reader module and transponder the located disturbers are
eliminated. The command StartFFT should be executed
as often as the application allows.
Remarks:
1. The DSP is able to suppress up to two harmonic
electromagnetic disturbances
2. During FFT is running (about 110 ms) communication
with a transponder is not possible.
7.3.7VOLTAGE REGULATING UNIT
The reader module contains some filtering circuits which
supply all parts of the reader module with the required
voltages. Nevertheless some requirements are to be
fulfilled by the external power supply. This means the
maximum ripple of the supply voltages must not exceed
the values specified in Chapter 8.
7.3.8STANDBY MODE
The HTRM800 offers a software controlled standby mode.
This mode can be activated and deactivated by the host
system.Duringthestandbymodetheamplifieristurnedoff
and the power consumption decreases drastically.
7.3.9BEHAVIOUR WITH HITAG 1 TRANSPONDERS
If several HITAG 1 transponders arrive simultaneously
within the communication field of the antenna of a
HTRM800, all the transponders (theoretically up to 232)
within the communication field of the antenna can be read
and written simultaneously. Because of the mutual
influence of the transponder coils - they detune each other
if there are too many too close to each other - the number
ofthetranspondersthatcanbe operated simultaneously is
limited.
a 125 kHz system like HITAG. The HTRM800 is designed
to handle this problem and achieve optimal performance
under worst conditions.
Long wave transmitters, other 125 kHz systems and
PC monitors are examples for periodic disturbers which
can be relevant for 125 kHz systems. To eliminate these
disturbers the digital signal processing unit is used.
After the command StartFFT is sent to the reader module
a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is started to locate
periodic disturbers. After about 110 ms this calculation is
finished and for the following communication between
2001 Oct 047
If several HITAG 2 transponders arrive simultaneously
within the communication field of the antenna of a
HTRM800, the ‘stronger’ transponder (the nearer one)
takes over or - under special circumstances - no
communication takes place. If the transponders arrive in
the field one after the other, communication is established
with the first one, all the other transponders are ignored.
This ensures that no two (or several) HITAG 2
transponders will ever be processed (above all written to!)
accidentally at the same time. By muting a selected
HITAG 2 transponder (HALT mode) another HITAG 2
transponder that is to be found in the communication field
of the antenna can be recognized.
Page 8
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
HTRM800 family
hardware
7.4Postal approval
The postal approval can only be granted for final products,
not just for components like the HTRM800. But this reader
module is designed in a way that it is possible to get the
postal approval for a system including the HTRM800.
Electromagnetic emissions comply with the guidelines in
FTZ 17 TR 2100, ETS 300 330 and ETS 300 683.
Electromagnetic immunity complies with the guidelines in
ETS 300 683.
electrostatic dischargeIEC 801-2, 1991contact discharge: 4 kV; air discharge: 8 kV
electrical fast transient
(burst)
RF common modeENV 50141current clamp injection 150 kHz to 80 MHz:
voltage dips and
interruptions
surges, common and
differential mode
IEC 801-4, 1988signal ports: 0.5 kV; DC power ports: 1 kV;
IEC 1000-4-11reduction of 30% of UN for 10 ms, of 60% of
IEC 1000-4-5AC power input ports: 1 kV
The following configuration is in compliance with the
European telecommunication standards:
• Reader module HTRM800
• Power supply according to the recommendations
(transformer type)
• Antenna: 50 × 70 cm, number of turns N = 26 and
inductivity L = 1.2 mH.
A survey of the passed measurements is given in Table 1.
AC power ports 2 kV
3 V (rms), AM 80%, 1 kHz
UN for 100 ms, voltage interruption for 5 s
(lines-to-ground), 0.5 V (line-to-line)
7.5Operating security
The following mechanisms ensure the operation security
of the HITAG system:
• Anticollission mode
• Monitoring the supply voltage
• Antenna rupture and short circuit.
7.5.1ANTICOLLISION MODE
Anticollision mode in long range applications permits you
to process several HITAG 1 transponders simultaneously.
Theoretically up to 232 HITAG 1 transponders can be
processed simultaneously. In practice this number is
limited, because of the mutual influence of the
transponders. They detune each other, if there are too
many too close to each other. In long range applications
using HITAG 2 transponders, only one transponder is
handled even if there are several transponders within the
communication field of the antenna. In this case either no
communication takes place or the ‘stronger’ or closer
transponder takes over.
By muting a selected transponder (HALT mode) another
transponder that is to be found in the communication field
of the antenna can be recognized.
7.5.2MONITORING THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE
The supply voltage is controlled by a watch dog circuit
which triggers a system reset if the supply voltage of the
core module drops below 4.75 V or if the microcontroller
fails.
7.5.3ANTENNA RUPTURE AND ANTENNA SHORT-CIRCUIT
TheHTRM800doesnotgetpermanentlydamagedincase
of an antenna rupture or a brief antenna short-circuit. The
detection of detuned or broken antennas (antenna
malfunction) is possible.
2001 Oct 048
Page 9
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
7.6Security considerations
Developing the HITAG system special consideration was
given to aspects of security. The following items represent
the fundamental framework of the security concept:
• Cryptography
• Mutual authentication
• Password verification
• Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).
7.6.1DATA PRIVACY
The use of cryptography (stream cypher), mutual
authentication, and password verification prevents
monitoring and copying the data channel. Therefore, the
area of the transponder that only can be accessed
enciphered is called ‘secret area’.
To make use of cryptography for HITAG 1 transponders
you need:
• Keys to be used for initializing of the crypto block
• Logdata to be used for mutual authentication.
HTRM800 family
To make use of cryptography for HITAG 2 transponders
you need:
• A key which is used to initialize the crypto block using
HITAG 2 in crypto mode
• Passwords which are used for authentication for
HITAG 2 in password mode.
The transponders and the HTRM800 are provided with
identical transport keys and transport logdata so that you
can start operating them right away (see Table 2).
In order to offer our OEM clients high flexibility, the
configuration of the transponder memory, password, keys
and logdata can be changed. We strictly recommend to
rigorously restrict these possibilities for the end customers
(by setting the configuration page to read only, setting
password, keys and logdata to neither read nor write).
1. Modulation type is Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). A modulation ratio of 100% means the carrier is blanked
completely, the information is located in the intervals between the pauses.
2. Modulation type is Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). The modulation ratio depends on the distance between
transponder and reader module.
2001 Oct 0410
Page 11
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2001 Oct 0411
160
3.58
43
152.86
130.4
A
9MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
Dimensions in mm.
88.90
5.56
3.50
Fig.4 HTRM800 long range reader module.
handbook, full pagewidth
10092.7
HTRM800 family
AA - A
MGU420
Page 12
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
10 APPLICATION INFORMATION
10.1Metallic environment and interferences
The communication range is impaired by metallic
environment and electromagnetic interferences
(e.g. monitors and keyboards). Therefore, you should
keep a distance of at least one time the antenna diameter
to metallic surfaces or loops as well as to electromagnetic
interferences. If this is not possible, you have to take
preventivemeasures such as using ferritesor shielding for
transponder and antenna.
The HTRM800 is able to suppress up to two harmonic
electromagnetic disturbances.
handbook, full pagewidth
STANDARD
NET
FILTER
F1F2
OPTIONAL
VOLT AGE
SELECTOR
HTRM800 family
10.2Distance between two antennas
In order to be able to operate two systems side by side
without negative influence on communication ranges, you
must place the antennas at a minimum distance. To keep
this distance low, magnetic shielding must be realized.
This topic is handled in detail in application note
Design for the HITAG Long Range System”
10.3External power supply
Instead of a transformer type supply unit (see Fig.5),
a switching frequency power supply unit can be used
alternatively. The switching frequency must be in the
range from 165 to 210 kHz (overtemperature, load and
production).
800 mA
(18 V)
800 mA
(18 V)
F3
D1
D3
1N4001
D2
A
D4
B
C
MGU423
“Antenna
.
handbook, full pagewidth
A
B
F1 = depends on the type of transformer.
F2 = 800 mA delayed.
F3 = 800 mA delayed.
D1 = D2 = D3 = D4 = 4 x 1N4001.
2200 µF
(40 V)
2200 µF
(40 V)
IN4001
72 µH 3A
100
nF
100
nF
72 µH 3A
100
nF
100
nF
10 µF
(40 V)
10 µF
(40 V)
7815
100
nF
100
nF
7915
IN4001
Fig.5 Transformer type power supply.
10 µF
(18 V)
10 µF
(18 V)
+15 V
1 kΩ
GNDC
1 kΩ
−15 V
MGU424
2001 Oct 0412
Page 13
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
10.4Possible sources of errors by connecting the
HTRM800
The following error list should be checked if any error
(e.g. readorwrite distances that do not reach the specified
values) occurs:
• Power supply cable not mounted correctly
• Power supply voltage not in the specified range
• Serial interface not connected correctly
• Interference received by the antenna because of an
external noise source (e.g. monitor, keyboards); the
remedial measure is to remove the antenna from the
interfering area and use the command StartFFT
• Connecting cables of the antenna changed by mistake
• Antenna is mounted in metal environment; the remedial
measureistomountanon-metal space keeper between
the antenna and the metal
• Antenna is not designed following the antenna design
instructions
• Inductance of the antenna is not in the specified range
• Quality factor of the antenna is not in the specified
range.
HTRM800 family
10.5Building HITAG long range antennas
10.5.1BASICS
Theexact way how todesign a HITAG long rangeantenna
is described in application note
HITAG Long Range System”
The antenna is an important part of the HITAG long range
system. The antenna must provide energy and data
transmissionbetweenthereadermodule and transponder.
Therefore, you should be particularly careful when
implementing the antenna in order to achieve optimum
results.
The equivalent circuit of the antenna is shown in Fig.6.
The requirements of the antenna coil are:
• Quality factor: Q = 30 to 60
X
s
Q
where
=
-----R
s
Xs= effective series reactance
Rs= effective series resistance
• Inductance: L = 400 to 1200 µH.
“Antenna Design for the
.
handbook, full pagewidth
VOLT AGE
LIMITER
HTRM800
coax cable
V
o
Fig.6 Basics of the long range antenna.
antenna
MGU421
C
R
s
X
s
2001 Oct 0413
Page 14
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
10.5.2RECOMMENDED ANTENNA CABLE AND LENGTH
The length of the antenna cable should be limited with five
meters. In case of longer cables a type with low
capacitance and resistance must be used. For standard
applications a 50 Ω coaxial cable is recommended and a
75 or 95 Ω coaxial cable for special applications.
10.5.3TUNING OF THE ANTENNA CURRENT
Potentiometer R72 (see Fig.2) is used to tune the current
driven through the antenna. The default setting is 200 mA.
It is not customary to change this value. However, if you
want to change the current for a special application, it
should be noted that V
10.5.4TUNING OF THE ANTENNA PHASE
The signal from a transponder is delayed by the decay
time of the antenna. To achieve optimal performance this
signal and the digital signal processing unit of the reader
modulemustbesynchronous.Thusitisnecessarytostore
aphase information called BitClock Delay (BCD), which is
a function of the quality factor and the inductance
(reactance) of the antenna.
The default setting is 7 which is suitable in most of the
cases. Apart from that, the user is able to change the BCD
value. The reader module includes a non volatile memory
(EEPROM) to store the bit clock delay. To load the BCD
value to the reader module the command SetBCD is used.
10.5.5HITAG ANTENNA TUNING DEVICE
Especially for the HITAG product line the HITAG antenna
tuning device HTOT840 was designed. This tuning device
can be used for tuning long range and proximity antennas.
10.5.6ANTENNA MALFUNCTION INDICATION
If the antenna is broken or badly detuned, the antenna
overload bit is set. This bit can be read by the host system
via the serial interface by using the command
ReadLRStatus.
o(peak)
<10V.
HTRM800 family
10.5.7ADDITIONAL REMARKS
The following list is a summary about HITAG long range
antennas:
• Philips lays high emphasis on the research of antenna
development
• The choice of various antenna shapes (the electrical
parameters) is characteristic to 125 kHz systems
• The knowledge is transferred to Philips customers, in
ordertoenablethemtodesignandbuildantennas which
fit best for the particular applications (antenna training)
• Solutions can be found for almost every environmental
scene (metal, periodic disturbers, special antenna
shapes, etc.).
10.6Antenna arrangements
Various arrangements are suitable for different
applications (see Fig.6):
• The single loop antenna is used for standard
arrangements
• The gate antenna is used for typical access control
applications such as access control during passing
through the gate
• The double gate antenna is similar to the gate using two
rows
• The antenna multiplex system is a cost efficient
application, because one reader module drives many
antennas and the number of multiplexed antennas is
only limited by timing restrictions.
By changing the arrangement of the antenna, the total
system performance and reliability can be significantly
improved. As an example: building gate antennas with
opposite magnetic orientation leads to a very reliable
system.
2001 Oct 0414
Page 15
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
handbook, full pagewidth
single loop antenna
double gate multiplex
Fig.6 Possible arrangements of antennas.
HTRM800
HTRM800HTRM800
gate antenna
HTRM800
antenna multiplex
HTRM800 family
MGU422
11 SURVEY OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
CATEGORYTITLE
Data sheet
Application note
“HTCM400, HTRM440 Family, HTRM800 Family HITAG Interface Protocol Reader - Host”
“Antenna Design for the HITAG Long Range System”
2001 Oct 0415
Page 16
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
HTRM800 family
hardware
12 DATA SHEET STATUS
PRODUCT
DATA SHEET STATUS
Objective dataDevelopmentThis data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product
Preliminary dataQualificationThis data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification.
Product dataProductionThis data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips
Notes
1. Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design.
2. The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was
published. The latest information is available on the Interned at URL tap://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
(1)
STATUS
(2)
development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the
specification in any manner without notice.
Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips
Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without
notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible
product.
Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order
to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Changes will be
communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change
Notification (CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A.
DEFINITIONS
13 DEFINITIONS
Short-form specification The data in a short-form
specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the
same type number and title. For detailed information see
the relevant data sheet or data handbook.
Limiting values definition Limiting values given are in
accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System
(IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting
values may cause permanent damage to the device.
These are stress ratings only and operation of the device
attheseorat any other conditions above those given in the
Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied.
Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may
affect device reliability.
Application information Applications that are
described herein for any of these products are for
illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make
norepresentationorwarrantythatsuchapplicationswillbe
suitable for the specified use without further testing or
modification.
14 DISCLAIMERS
Life support applications These products are not
designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or
systems where malfunction of these products can
reasonably be expected to result in personal injury.Philips
Semiconductorscustomersusingorsellingtheseproducts
for use in such applications do so at their own risk and
agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any
damages resulting from such application.
Right to make changes Philips Semiconductors
reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the
products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or
software, described or contained herein in order to
improve design and/or performance. Philips
Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for
theuseofanyoftheseproducts,conveysnolicenceortitle
under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these
products,andmakes no representations or warranties that
these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask
work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.
2001 Oct 0416
Page 17
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
HTRM800 family
NOTES
2001 Oct 0417
Page 18
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
HTRM800 family
NOTES
2001 Oct 0418
Page 19
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
HITAG long range reader module
hardware
HTRM800 family
NOTES
2001 Oct 0419
Page 20
Philips Semiconductors – a w orldwide compan y
Contact information
For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.Fax: +31 40 27 24825
For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com.
The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed
without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license
under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
Printed in The Netherlands613502/02/pp20 Date of release: 2001 Oct 04Document order number: 9397 750 08331
SCA73
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