><@E
H_XSONT 7XXTSON[SWVZ
C_hnl[f ^iil fi]e2 Ahnc3nb_`n fi]e2 Oiq_l ^iilm - qch^iqm2
Solhcha f[gj2 ^[ha_liom mcah[f - m]l[g f[gj ]ihnlif2
R_[n [^domng_hn2 Ao^ci msmn_g2 Acl3]ih^cncihcha2 Fo_f jogj ]ihnlif2
Kiq n_gj_l[nol_ ]ihnlif2 Q_[l qch^iq ^_`iaa_lm2 Rohlii` ginil ]ihnlif2
Rn[ln_l mif_hic^ mqcn]b_m
9>7F79H;F?GH?9G
7IHDBDH?J; F;A7L
<QN[\YQZ
:;A mqcn]bcha ][j[\cfcns
*
OCB n_lgch[fm
*
*
Sqi jch f[sion ]bic]_m
*
7 Filg A - 7 Filg C ]ihn[]n [ll[ha_g_hn
*
Th_h]fim_^ [h^ jf[mnc] m_[f_^ nsj_m [p[cf[\f_
*
QiHR - EKU ]igjfc[hn
Cihn[]n [ll[ha_g_hn
Uifn[a_ ^lij /chcnc[f0
L[r4 ]ihnchoiom ]oll_hn
L[r4 mqcn]bcha ]oll_hn
L[r4 mqcn]bcha pifn[a_
70
80 ?0
90 ?0
:0
Lch4]ihn[]n fi[^
Ef_]nlc][f _h^ol[h]_
L_]b[hc][f _h^ol[h]_
Ihcnc[f chmof[ncih l_mcmn[h]_
Dc_f_]nlc] mnl_hanb
Nj_l[n_ ncg_
Q_f_[m_ ncg_
;0
?0
<0 ?0
9DCH79H :7H7
7A2 7C
MN@Ssj486gU28;6gU g[r4/[n 76A0
MC@Ssj496gU28;6gU g[r4/[n 76A0
96A /[n >;
L[e_@ 766A
/K[gj2 Ihlomb ]oll_hn0
Bl_[e@ <6A /Q_mcmncp_0
=;UDC
7A <UDC
R__ + CNMSACS DASA +
=
NOR /966NOR5gch0
7r76
/[n ;66UDC0
;66L
\_nq__h ]ihn[]nm@ ;66UAC
\_nq__h ]icf - ]ihn[]nm@ ;66UAC
Ssj4@ ;gm
L[r4@ 76gm /[n higc4 pif40
Ssj4@ 9gm
L[r4@ 76gm
90
Ag\c_hn n_gj_l[nol_
76Ht ni :6Ht 748=gg DA
Uc\l[ncih l_mcmn[h]_
2 >b0
=0 ?0
:6Ht ni =6Ht :?g5m
=6Ht ni 766Ht 64;gg DA
766Ht ni ;66Ht ?>g5m
Rbi]e l_mcmn[h]_
=0 ?0
S_lgch[ncih
Cihmnlo]ncih
Thcn q_cabn
Of[mnc] m_[f_^2 Th_h]fim_^
Th_h]fim_^@ Ajjlir4 7<a
Of[mnc] m_[f_^@ Ajjlir4 86a
70 Ekocp[f_hn ni nb_ g[r4 chcnc[f ]ihn[]n l_mcmn[h]_ cm 766g /[n 7A <UDC04
80 Fil MN ]ihn[]nm2 g_[mol_^ qb_h [jjfscha 766, l[n_^ pin[a_ ih ]icf4
90 Fil MN ]ihn[]nm2 [n
:0 Fil MN ]ihn[]nm2 m__ +Ki[^ fcgcn ]olp_+ `il ^_n[cfm4
;0 7gch2 f_[e[a_ ]oll_hn f_mm nb[h 7gA4
<0 Sb_ p[fo_ cm g_[mol_^ qb_h pifn[a_ ^lijm mo^^_hfs `lig higch[f
pifn[a_ ni 6 UDC [h^ ]icf cm hin j[l[ff_f_^ qcnb mojjl_mmcih ]cl]ocn4
Vb_h _h_lact_^2 ij_hcha ncg_ i` MN ]ihn[]nm mb[ff hin _r]__^ 766wm2
=0
qb_h hih3_h_lact_^2 ij_hcha ncg_ i` MC ]ihn[]nm mb[ff hin _r]__^
m2 g_[hncg_2 MN ]ihn[]nm mb[ff hin \_ ]fim_^4
7g
>0 Rch]_ cn cm [h _hpclihg_hn[f `lc_h^fs jli^o]n2 jf_[m_ m_f_]n f_[^3`l__
mif^_l qb_h q_f^cha4 Sb_ l_]igg_h^_^ mif^_lcha n_gj_l[nol_ [h^
/8;6 90 2/; 6490m4
ncg_ cm
?0 Nhfs `il nb_ 78UDC ]icf pifn[a_ nsj_4
89 2 794;UDC2 l_mcmncp_ fi[^ /766 ]s]f_m04
3:6 ni 78;
?>g5m
OCB
[n 89
8
8
8
>0
Ki[^
pifn[a_
794;UDC
:=
Ki[^ nsj_
Q_mcmncp_
Ff[mb_l
L[e_
Bl_[e
70
Ki[^ ]oll_hn A
7C
MN MC
:;
:;
8x87V1;V
:x87V18x;V
96
96
333
333
:x87V18x;V
7A
MN
:;
:;
8x87V1;V
Nh5N`` l[nci
Nh
N``
m
74; 74;
Ef_]nlc][f
_h^ol[]_
m
7x76
HNMGFA QEKAX
IRN?6672 IRN5SR7<?:? 2 IRN7:6672 NHRAR7>6672 IECP PC 6>6666 CEQSIFIED
Cihn[]n
g[n_lc[f
;
AaRhN
NOR
7666b649=; 649=;
Rj_]c[f
AaRhN
9<6b649=; 649=;
Ki[^ qclcha
^c[al[g
8
8
80
R__
^c[al[g 7
R__
^c[al[g 8
8678 Q_p4 7467
70 Vb_h cn cm oncfct_^ ch `f[mb_l2 [ mj_]c[f AaRhN
mo``cr4 Of_[m_ ]ihh_]n \s nb_ jif[lcns []]il^cha ni nb_ ^c[al[g \_fiq4
80 Sb_ fi[^ qclcha ^c[al[gm [l_ fcmn_^ \_fiq@
CNL
CNL
8 ]ihn[]n g[n_lc[f mbiof^ \_ om_^ [h^ nb_ ]omnig_l mj_]c[f ]i^_ mbiof^ \_ /7=60 [m [
CNL
MN
90 Vb_h nb_ fi[^ pifn[a_ cm [n 8:UDC il bcab_l2 il nb_ [jjfc][ncihm ]ih^cncihm [l_ ^c``_l_hn `lig nb_ n[\f_ [\ip_2 jf_[m_ mo\gcn nb_ ^_n[cf_^
[jjfc][ncih ]ih^cncihm ni Hiha`[ ni a_n gil_ mojjiln4
MC
Q_mcmncp_
Q
MN
MC
Q_mcmncp_
Q
MN
Ff[mb_l
Z
^c[al[g 8^c[al[g 7
9D?A :7H7
Migch[f pifn[a_
UDC
<
Rn[h^[l^
78
8:
<
R_hmcncp_
78
8:
70 L[r4 [ffiq[\f_ ip_l^lcp_ pifn[a_ cm mn[n_^ qcnb hi fi[^ [jjfc_^2 cffomnl[n_^ qcnb ij_h p_lmcih4
Oc]e3oj pifn[a_
UDC
g[r4
949
<4>
794?
:4;
?46
7?48
Dlij3ion pifn[a_
UDC
gch4
64<
748
84:
64<
748
84:
Cicf l_mcmn[h]_
r/7 76,0
7?
?6
9<8
96
786
:>6
Oiq_l
]ihmogjncih
V
74?
74<
74<
748
748
748
L[r4 [ffiq[\f_ ip_l^lcp_
pifn[a_
70
UDC
[n 89 [n >;
?46
7?4<
9?49
7:49
8>4<
7746
8847
::49
7<46
9646
[n 89
<4;
>46
DF:;F?C= ?C<DFB7H?DC
HFJO 5 678 37H 7 RS
H_XQ
9WST ]WT[NRQ //5@ <UDC /01@ 78UDC /13@ 8:UDC
9WV[NO[ NYYNVRQUQV[
0@ T4R4A4 Th_h]fim_^ gi^_f 1@ T4R4A4 Of[mnc] m_[f_^ gi^_f
2@ Eolij_[h Th_h]fim_^ gi^_f 3@ Eolij_[h Of[mnc] m_[f_^ gi^_f
JQYZSWV
70
4@ T4R4A4 Of[mnc] m_[f_^ gi^_f2 9 sie_ n_lgch[fm
5@ Eolij_[h Of[mnc] m_[f_^ gi^_f 9 sie_ n_lgch[fm
9WV[NO[ BN[QYSNT H@ AaRhN
9WST EW^QY G@ R_hmcncp_ CST@ Rn[h^[l^
9\Z[WUQY ZXQOSNT OWPQ
CW[QZ6 70 I` q[mbcha il mol`[]_ nl_[ng_hn cm l_kocl_^ [`n_l nb_ l_f[s cm [mm_g\f_^ ih OCB2 jf_[m_ jlipc^_ qcnb nb_ ]ih^cncihm ch ^_n[cfm `il iol
]ih`clg[ncih il iol l_]igg_h^[ncih qcnb mocn[\f_ jli^o]nm4
Fil oh_h]fim_^ nsj_2 \_][om_ nb_l_ cm hi ]ip_l jlin_]ncih2 nb_ jli^o]nm g[s \_ ]ihn[gch[n_^ \s j[lnc]f_m ^olcha nl[hmjiln[ncih2
[mm_g\fs il om[a_ qbc]b g[s ][om_ l_f[s `[cfol_4 Ri nb_ jli^o]nm mbiof^ \_ _``_]ncp_fs jlin_]n_^ [n ]omnig_l mc^_4 Hiha`[ moaa_mn ni
om_ m_[f_^ nsj_ c` hi inb_l mj_]c[f l_kocl_g_hnm4
0>@ 7 Filg A 0M@ 7 Filg C
8
_4a4 /7=60 mn[h^m `il `f[mb_l fi[^
/WWW0
:>
DIHA?C; :?B;CG?DCG. K?F?C= :?7=F7B 7C: E9 8D7F: A7LDIH
Nonfch_ Dcg_hmcihm
Thcn@ gg
HFJO5,,,37,7,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37,8,,/WWW0
|
649
94<
748
64>
7?g[r
88g[r
748
64>
7>48g[r
94;
649
|
8849g[r
894;g[r
748 74<
8<4;g[r
748 74<
HFJO5,,,37,9,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37,:,,/WWW0
|
649
94<
74;
64>
7?g[r
88g[r
74;
64>
7>4;g[r
94;
649
|
8849g[r
748
748
8:g[r
74>
8<4;g[r
74>
:?
DIHA?C; :?B;CG?DCG. K?F?C= :?7=F7B 7C: E9 8D7F: A7LDIH
Nonfch_ Dcg_hmcihm
HFJO5,,,37,;,,/WWW0
|
649
94<
HFJO5,,,37,<,,/WWW0
88g[r
8849g[r
748
64>
8<4;g[r
748 74<
Thcn@ gg
88g[r
|
649
8849g[r
8<4;g[r
94<
74;
64>
OCB K[sion
748
/Binnig pc_q0
74>
HFJO5,,,37,7,,/WWW0 HFJO5,,,37,8,,/WWW0 HFJO5,,,37,9,,/WWW0
94=;
/84>0
1648
8
6
1648
6
748
94=9
7:4>>
94=;;49;
8 3 74<
1648
6
8
1648
6
/:490
1648
748
6
;49;
1648
8
6
8 3 74<
1648
6
94=9
/<4=0
1648
6
74<
774>=
:46>
74<
7848>
1648
6
1648
6
8499
74<
/;4790
1648
8
6
774>=
1648
8
6
:46>
7848>
1648
/84:0
6
748
1648
848
6
94:
7847
7;4?
8 3 74<
7647
;4?
1648
8
6
848
7948
1648
6
848
1648
6
848
8
1648
848
6
1648
6
/;480
HFJO5,,,37,:,,/WWW0 HFJO5,,,37,;,,/WWW0 HFJO5,,,37,<,,/WWW0
/94=0
1648
6
748
848
7647
1648
6
8 3 74<
1648
6
;4?
94:
/<4=0
1648
6
7847
848
8
1648
848
6
7948
Q_g[le@ 70 ` Sb_ [^^cncih[f nch nij cm g[r4 7gg4
80 Sb_ nif_l[h]_ qcnbion ch^c][ncha cm [fq[sm v647gg4
g_[hm nb[n nb_ giohncha bif_ ^i_mh.n _rcmn `il HFJO5,,,37H,,,/WWW0 nsj_
90
/:490 7:4>>
1648
8
6
;49;
1648
6
748
94=9
774>=
:46>
94=;
74<
7848>
1648
8 3 74<
6
1648
6
8
1648
6
1648
6
8499
/<4=0
74<
1648
8
6
/94=0
1648
6
748
1648
848
6
94:
7847
848
7;4?
7647
;4?
1648
8
6
7948
8 3 74<
1648
6
848
1648
6
848
8
1648
848
6
1648
6
/<4=0
;6
DIHA?C; :?B;CG?DCG. K?F?C= :?7=F7B 7C: E9 8D7F: A7LDIH
Thcn@ gg
HFJO5,,,37H7,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37H9,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37H;,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37H<,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37H8,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37H:,,/WWW0
Vclcha Dc[al[g
/Binnig pc_q0
HFJO5,,,37Y7,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37Y9,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37Y;,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37Y<,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37Y8,,/WWW0
HFJO5,,,37Y:,,/WWW0
9>7F79H;F?GH?9 9IFJ;G
74 Cicf ij_l[ncha pifn[a_ l[ha_
796
786
776
766
?6
>6
Ag\c_hn n_gj_l[nol_/ 0
=6
<6
;6
:6
96
?6 ?; 76; 776 77; 786 78; 796 79; 7:6 7;6766 7:;
O_l]_hn[a_ i` higch[f ]icf pifn[a_
70 Sbcm ]b[ln n[e_m m_hmcncp_ oh_h]fim_^ p_lmcih [m
6A
>A
7<A
8:A
_r[gjf_4
80 Sb_ g[rcgog [ffiq[\f_ ]icf n_gj_l[nol_ cm 7>6 4
Fil nb_ ]icf n_gj_l[nol_ lcm_ qbc]b cm g_[mol_^ \s
l_mcmn[h]_ cm [p_l[a_ p[fo_2 q_ l_]igg_h^ nb_
]icf n_gj_l[nol_ mbiof^ \_ \_fiq 7=6
^c``_l_hn [jjfc][ncih [g\c_hn2 ^c``_l_hn ]icf pifn[a_
98A
[h^ ^c``_l_hn fi[^ _n]4
90 I` nb_ []no[f ij_l[ncha ]icf pifn[a_ cm ion i` nb_
:6A
mj_]c`c_^ l[ha_2 jf_[m_ ]ihn[]n Hiha`[ `il `olnb_l
^_n[cfm4
oh^_l nb_
;7
9>7F79H;F?GH?9 9IFJ;G
84 Ki[^ fcgcn ]olp_ /[n 89 0
=;
=6
<6
;6
:6
96
Rqcn]bcha pifn[a_ /UDC0
86
76
64; 8 9 : ; = 76 86 967:;
70 Sbcm ]b[ln n[e_m MN ]ihn[]n2 Q_mcmncp_ fi[^ [m
_r[gjf_4
80 Sb_ fi[^ [h^ _f_]nlc][f _h^ol[h]_ n_mnm [l_ g[^_
[]]il^cha ni zCNMSACS DASA{ j[l[g_n_lmy n[\f_4
I` []no[f fi[^ pifn[a_2 ]oll_hn2 ij_l[n_ `l_ko_h]s2
il [g\c_hn n_gj_l[nol_ cm ^c``_l_hn `lig zCNMSACS
DASA{ n[\f_2 jf_[m_ [ll[ha_ ]ill_mjih^cha n_mnm
`il ]ih`clg[ncih4
Rqcn]bcha ]oll_hn /A0
Dcm]f[cg_l
Sbcm ^[n[mb__n cm `il nb_ ]omnig_lmy l_`_l_h]_4 Aff nb_ mj_]c`c][ncihm [l_ mo\d_]n ni ]b[ha_ qcnbion hinc]_4B_`il_ l_`_llcha ni nbcm ^[n[mb__n2 jf_[m_
g[e_ mol_ nb[n sio b[p_ l_[^ [h^ oh^_lmnii^ +Erjf[h[ncih ni S_lgchifias [h^ Goc^_fch_m i` Aonigincp_ Q_f[s - Li^of_+ ch iol ][n[fiao_ i`
Aonigincp_ Q_f[s - Li^of_4
Ih ][m_ nb_l_ cm mj_]c`c] ]lcn_lcih /mo]b [m gcmmcih jli`cf_2 n_]bhc][f mj_]c`c][ncih2 OOAO _n]40 ]b_]e_^ [h^ [al__^ \s [h^ \_nq__h ]omnig_l [h^ Hiha`[2
nbcm mj_]c`c] ]lcn_lcih mbiof^ \_ n[e_h [m mn[h^[l^ l_a[l^cha [hs l_kocl_g_hn ih Hiha`[ jli^o]n4
V_ ]iof^ hin _p[fo[n_ [ff nb_ j_l`ilg[h]_ [h^ [ff nb_ j[l[g_n_lm `il _p_ls jimmc\f_ [jjfc][ncih4 Sbom nb_ om_l mbiof^ \_ ch [ lcabn jimcncih ni ]biim_
nb_ mocn[\f_ jli^o]n `il nb_cl iqh [jjfc][ncih4 I` nb_l_ cm [hs ko_ls2 jf_[m_ ]ihn[]n Hiha`[ `il nb_ n_]bhc][f m_lpc]_4 Hiq_p_l2 cn cm nb_ om_lym l_mjihmc\cfcns
ni ^_n_lgch_ qbc]b jli^o]n mbiof^ \_ om_^ ihfs4
u Wc[g_h Hiha`[ Ef_]nli[]iomnc] Ci42 Kn^4 Aff lcabnm i` Hiha`[ [l_ l_m_lp_^4
;8
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