Product specification1999 November 22
File under Image Sensors
Philips
Semiconductors
Page 2
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
•35mm film compatible image format (36 x 24 mm2)
•6M active pixels (3072H x 2048V)
•RGB Bayer pattern
•Progressive scan
•Excellent anti-blooming
•Variable electronic shuttering
•Square pixel structure
•H and V binning
•80% optical fill factor
•High linear dynamic range (>72dB)
•High sensitivity
•Low dark current and fixed-pattern noise
•Low read-out noise
•Data rate up to 36 MHz
•Mirrored, split and four quadrant read-out
•Perfectly matched to visual spectrum
Device structure
Optical size:36.864 mm (H) x 24.576 mm (V)
Chip size:39.148 mm (H) x 26.508 mm (V)
Pixel size:12 µm x 12 µm
Active pixels:3072 (H) x 2048 (V)
Total no. of pixels:3120 (H) x 2060 (V)
Optical black pixels:Left: 20 Right: 20
Timing pixels:Left: 4Right: 4
Dummy register cells:Left: 7Right: 7
Optical black lines:Bottom: 6Top: 6
Description
The FTF3020-C is a full frame CCD colour image sensor designed
for professional digital photography applications, with very low dark
current and a linear dynamic range of over 12 true bits at room
temperature. The four low-noise output amplifiers , one at each corner
of the chip, make the FTF3020-C suitable for a wide range of highend visual light applications. With one output amplifier , a progressiv ely
scanned image can be read out at 5 frames per second. By using
multiple outputs the frame rate increases accordingly. The device
structure is shown in figure 1.
ZY
GBGB
RGRG
GBGB
Image Area
20
3072 active pixels
6 black lines
2048
active
lines
GBGB
RGRG
GBGB
2060
lines
44
20
WX
Output amplifier
Figure 1 - Device structure
1999 November2
GBGB
RGRG
77
3120 cells
Output register
3134 cells
6 black lines
GBGB
RGRG
Page 3
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Architecture of the FTF3020-C
The optical centres of all pixels in the image section form a square
grid. The charge is generated and integrated in this section. Output
registers are located below and above the image section for readout. After the integration time, the image charge is shifted one line
at the time to either the upper or lower register or to both
simultaneously, depending on the read-out mode. The left and the
right half of each register can be controlled independently. This
IMAGE SECTION
Image diagonal (active video only)
Aspect ratio
Active image width x height
Pixel width x height
Geometric fill factor
Image clock pins
Capacity of each clock phase
Number of active lines
Number of black reference lines
Number of dummy black lines
Total number of lines
Number of active pixels per line
Number of overscan (timing) pixels per line
Number of black reference pixels per line
Total number of pixels per line
enables either single or multiple read-out. During vertical transport,
the C3 gates separate the pixels in the register . The central C3 gates
of the lower and upper registers are part of the left half of the sensor
(W and Z quadrants respectively). Each register can be used for
vertical binning. Each register contains a summing gate at both ends
that can be used for horizontal binning (see figure 2).
2
2
Output buffers on each corner
Number of registers
Number of dummy cells per register
Number of register cells per register
Output register horizontal transport clock pins
Capacity of each C-clock phase
Overlap capacity between neighbouring C-clocks
Output register Summing Gates
Capacity of each SG
Reset Gate clock phases
Capacity of each RG
A1, A2, A3, A4: clocks of image sectionC1, C2, C3: clocks of hor izontal registers
C1 SG
RD
OUT_Y
OUT_X
RD
RG
RG
Figure 2 - Detailed internal structure
1999 November4
Page 5
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Specifications
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
GENERAL:
storage temperature
ambient temperature during operation
voltage between any two gates
DC current through any clock phase (absolute value)
OUT current (no short circuit protection)
VOLTAGES IN RELAT ION TO VPS:
VNS, SFD, RD
VCS, SFS
all other pins
VOLTAGES IN RELAT ION TO VNS:
SFD, RD
VCS, SFS, VPS
all other pins
2
VNS
VPS
SFD
SFS
VCS
OG
RD
3
N substrate
P substrate
Source Follower Drain
Source Follower Source
Current Source
Output Gate
Reset Drain
DC CONDITIONS
1
MIN.MAX.UNIT
-55
-40
-20
-0.2
0
-0.5
-8
-5
-15
-30
-30
+80
+60
+20
+2.0
10
+30
+5
+25
+0.5
+0.5
+0.5
°C
°C
V
µA
mA
V
V
V
V
V
V
MIN. [V]TYPICAL [V]MAX. [V]MAX. [mA]
18
1
16
0
-5
4
13
24
3
20
0
0
6.5
15.5
28
7
24
0
3
8
18
15
15
4.5
1
-
-
-
AC CLOCK LEVEL CONDITIONS
2
MIN.TYPICALMAX.UNIT
IMAGE CLOCKS:
A-clock amplitude during integration and hold
A-clock amplitude during vertical trans port (duty cycle=5/8)
A-clock low level
Charge Reset (CR) level on A-clock
5
4
8
10
-5
10
14
0
-5
V
V
V
V
OUTPUT REGISTER CLOCKS:
C-clock amplitude (duty cycle during hor. trans port = 3/6)
C-clock low level
Summing Gate (SG) amplitude
Summing Gate (SG) low level
4.75
2
5
3.5
10
3.5
5.25
10
V
V
V
V
OTHER CLOCKS:
Reset Gate (RG) amplitude
Reset Gate (RG) low level
Charge Reset (CR) pulse on Nsub
1
During Charge Reset it is allowed to exceed maximum rating levels (see note 5).
2
All voltages in relation to SFS.
3
To set the VNS voltage for optimal Ver tical Anti-Blooming (VAB), it should be adjustable between minimum and maximum values.
4
Three-level cloc k is preferred for maximum charge; the swing during vertical transport should be 4V higher than the voltage during integration.
A two level clock (typically 10V) can be used if a lower maximum charge handling capacity is allowed.
5
Charge Reset can be achieved in two ways:
5
5
0
10
3
10
10
10
V
V
V
• The typical A-clock low level is applied to all image clocks; for proper CR, an additional Charge Reset pulse on VNS is required (preferred).
• The typical CR level is applied to all image clocks simultaneously.
1999 November5
Page 6
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Timing diagrams (for default operation)
AC CHARACTERISTICSMIN.TYPICALMAX.UNIT
Horizontal frequency (1/Tp)
Vertical frequency
Charge Reset (CR) time
Rise and fall times: image clocks (A)
1
Tp = 1 clock period
2
Duty cycle = 50% and phase shift of the C clocks is 120 degrees.
Tp = 1 / 18MHz = 55.56ns
Pixel output sequence: 7 dummy, 20 black, 4 timing, 3072 active, 4 timing, 20 blackLine Time: 3487 x Tp = 193.7µs
* During AHigh = H the phiA high level is increased from 10V to 14V (This is necessary during readout only)
VD: Frame pulse
CR: Charge Reset
BLC: Black Level Clamp
A1 to A4: Vertical image clocks
The test conditions for the perfo rmance characteristics are as follows:
• All values are measured using typical operating conditions.
• VNS is adjusted as low as possible while maintaining proper
Ver tical Anti-Blooming.
• Sensor temperature = 60°C (333K).
• Horizontal transport frequency = 18MHz.
• Integration time = 10ms (unless specified otherwise).
• The light source is a lamp of 3200K in conjunction with neutral
density filters and a 1.7mm thick BG40 infrared cut-off filter. For
Linear Operation measurements, a temperature conversion filter
(Melles Griot type no. 03FCG261, -120 mired, thickness: 2.5mm)
is applied.
• Vertical transport frequency = 50kHz (unless specified otherwise).
LINEAR OPERATIONMIN.TYPICALMAX.UNIT
Linear dynamic range
1
Charge Transfer Efficiency 2 vertical
Charge Transfer Efficiency
2
horizontal
Image lag
Resolution (MTF) @ 42 lp/mm
Responsivity
Quantum efficiency @ 530 nm
Low Pass Shading
Random Non-Uniformity (RNU)
3
4
VNS required for good Vertical Anti-Blooming (VAB)
Power dissipation at 2.5 frames/s
1
Linear dynamic range is defined as the ratio of Q
2
Charge Transfer Efficiency values are tested by evaluation and expressed as the value per gate transfer.
3
Low Pass Shading is defined as the ratio of the one-σ value of an 8x8 pixels blurred image (low-pass) to the mean signal value.
4
RNU is defined as the ratio of the one-σ value of the highpass image to the mean signal value at nominal light.
to read-out noise (the latter reduced by Correlated Double Sampling).
lin
4200:1(12bit)
65
60
20
18
0.999995
0.999999
70
26
2.0
0.3
24
610
0
5
5
28
%
%
kel/lux·s
%
%
%
V
mW
Linear Dynamic Range
14,000
35°C
45°C
55°C
LDR
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0510152025303540
Hor. Frequency (MHz)
Figure 6 - Typical Linear dynamic range vs. horizontal read-out frequency and sensor temperature
1999 November8
Page 9
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Maximum Read-out Speed
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
Images/sec.
6
4
2
0
0 102030405060708090100
4 outputs
2 outputs
1 output
Integration time (ms)
Figure 7 - Maximum number of images/second versus integration time
Supply current
Bandwidth
Output impedance buffer (R
1
Matching of the four outputs is specified as ∆ACF with respect to reference measured at the operating point (Q
= 3.3kΩ, C
load
= 2pF)
load
57.5
0
4.5
110
400
DARK CONDITIONMIN.TYPICALMAX.UNIT
Dark current level @ 30° C
Dark current level @ 60° C
Fixed Pattern Noise
1
(FPN) @ 60° C
RMS readout noise @ 9MHz bandwidth after CDS
1
FPN is the one-σ value of the highpass image.
20
0.3
15
25
10
2
30
0.6
25
30
µV/el.
µV/el.
mA
MHz
Ω
/2).
lin
2
pA/cm
2
nA/cm
el.
el.
1000
)
2
100
10
Dark Current (pA/cm
1
0 102030405060
Dark Current
Temp. (oC)
Figure 10 - Dark current versus temperature
1999 November11
Page 12
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Application information
Current handling
One of the purposes of VPS is to drain the holes that are generated
during exposure of the sensor to light. Free electrons are either
transported to the VRD connection and, if excessive (from overexposure), free electrons are drained to VNS. No current should
flow into any VPS connection of the sensor . During high ov erexposure
a total current 10 to 15mA through all VPS connections together
may be expected. The PNP emitter follower in the circuit diagram
(figure 11) serves these current requirements.
VNS drains superfluous electrons as a result of overexposure. In
other words, it only sinks current. During high overexposure a total
current of 10 to 15mA through all VNS connections together ma y be
expected. The NPN emitter follower in the circuit diagram meets
these current requirements. The clamp circuit, consisting of the diode
and electrolytic capacitor, enables the addition of a Charge Reset
(CR) pulse on top of an otherwise stable VNS v oltage . To protect the
CCD, the current resulting from this pulse should be limited. This
can be accomplished by designing a pulse generator with a rather
high output impedance.
Decoupling of DC voltages
All DC voltages (not VNS, which has additional CR pulses as
described above) should be decoupled with a 100nF decoupling
capacitor. This capacitor must be mounted as close as possible to
the sensor pin. Further noise reduction (by bandwidth limiting) is
achieved by the resistors in the connections between the sensor
and its voltage supplies. The electrons that build up the charge
packets that will reach the floating diffusions only add up to a small
current, which will flow through VRD . Theref ore a large series resistor
in the VRD connection may be used.
Outputs
T o limit the on-chip po wer dissipation, the output buff ers are designed
with open source outputs. Outputs to be used should therefore be
loaded with a current source or more simply with a resistance to
GND. In order to prevent the output (which typically has an output
impedance of about 400Ω) from bandwidth limitation as a result of
capacitive loading, load the output with an emitter follo wer b uilt from
a high-frequency transistor. Mount the base of this transistor as close
as possible to the sensor and keep the connection between the
emitter and the next stage short. The CCD output buffer can easily
be destroyed by ESD. By using this emitter follower, this danger is
suppressed; do NOT reintroduce this danger by measuring directly
on the output pin of the sensor with an oscilloscope probe. Instead,
measure on the output of the emitter follower. Slew rate limitation is
avoided by avoiding a too-small quiescent current in the emitter
follower; about 10mA should do the job. The collector of the emitter
follower should be decoupled properly to suppress the Miller effect
from the base-collector capacitance.
A CCD output load resistor of 3.3kΩ typically results in a bandwidth
of 110MHz. The bandwidth can be enlarged to about 130MHz by
using a resistor of 2.2kΩ instead, which, however, also enlarges the
on-chip power dissipation.
Device protection
The output buffers of the FTF3020-C are likely to be damaged if
VPS rises above SFD or RD at any time. This danger is most realistic
during power-on or power-off of the camera. The RD voltage should
always be lower than the SFD voltage.
Never exceed the maximum output current. This may damage the
device permanently. The maximum output current should be limited
to 10mA.
Be especially aware that the output buffers of these image sensors
are very sensitive to ESD damage.
Because of the fact that our CCDs are built on an n-type substrate,
we are dealing with some parasitic npn transistors. To avoid activ ation
of these transistors during switch-on and switch-off of the camera,
we recommend the application diagram of figure 11.
Unused sections
To reduce power consumption the following steps can be taken.
Connect unused output register pins (C1...C3, SG, OG) and unused
SFS pins to zero Volts.
Colour processing
In order to guarantee true colours, always use an external IR filter
type CM500(0)s, 1mm or similar. The cover glass itself is not an IR
filter.
More information
Detailed application information is provided in the application note
AN01 entitled ‘Camera Electronics for the mK x nK CCD ImageSensor Family’.
1999 November12
Page 13
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Device Handling
An image sensor is a MOS device which can be destroy ed by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Therefore, the device should be handled
with care.
Always store the de vice with short-circuiting clamps or on conductive
foam. Alwa ys s witch off all electric signals when inserting or removing
the sensor into or from a camera (the ESD protection in the CCD
image sensor process is less effective than the ESD protection of
standard CMOS circuits).
Being a high quality optical device, it is important that the cover
glass remain undamaged. When handling the sensor , use fingercots.
VSFD
CR pulse
0
27
Ω
BAT74
Schottky!
Ω
15
BAT74
Schottky!
10k
Ω
100nF
-
+
BAT74
BAT74
BC
850C
0.5-1mA
BC
850C
0.5-1mA
0.5-1mA
BC
860C
1uF100nF
2mA
100nF
100nF
When cleaning the glass we recommend using ethanol (or possibly
water). Use of other liquids is strongly discouraged:
• if the cleaning liquid evaporates too quickly, rubbing is likely to
cause ESD damage.
• the cover glass and its coating can be damaged by other liquids.
Rub the window carefully and slowly.
Dry rubbing of the window may cause electro-static charges or
scratches which can destroy the device.
keep short
VNS
SFD
VPS
VRD
<10mm!keep short!
10k
Ω
Ω
BFR
92A
output for
preprocessing
10mA
OUT
VCS
VOG
100 Ω
3.3k
Ω
100nF
10k
100nF
100nF
1k
Ω
<7pF!
Figure 11 - Application diagram to protect the FTF3020-C
1999 November13
Page 14
Philips SemiconductorsProduct specification
Full Frame CCD Image SensorFTF3020-C
Pin configuration
The FTF3020-C is mounted in a Pin Grid Array (PGA) package with
96 pins in a 20x15 grid of 52.70 x 40.00 mm2. The position of pin A1
(quadrant W) is marked with a gold dot on top of the package.