Datasheet FTF3020-C-TG, FTF3020-C-IG, FTF3020-C-HG, FTF3020-C-EG Datasheet (Philips)

Page 1
IMAGE SENSORS
FTF3020-C
Full Frame CCD Image Sensor
Product specification 1999 November 22 File under Image Sensors
Philips Semiconductors
Page 2
Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C
35mm film compatible image format (36 x 24 mm2)
6M active pixels (3072H x 2048V)
RGB Bayer pattern
Progressive scan
Excellent anti-blooming
Variable electronic shuttering
Square pixel structure
H and V binning
80% optical fill factor
High linear dynamic range (>72dB)
High sensitivity
Low dark current and fixed-pattern noise
Low read-out noise
Data rate up to 36 MHz
Mirrored, split and four quadrant read-out
Perfectly matched to visual spectrum

Device structure

Optical size: 36.864 mm (H) x 24.576 mm (V) Chip size: 39.148 mm (H) x 26.508 mm (V) Pixel size: 12 µm x 12 µm Active pixels: 3072 (H) x 2048 (V) Total no. of pixels: 3120 (H) x 2060 (V) Optical black pixels: Left: 20 Right: 20 Timing pixels: Left: 4 Right: 4 Dummy register cells: Left: 7 Right: 7 Optical black lines: Bottom: 6 Top: 6

Description

The FTF3020-C is a full frame CCD colour image sensor designed for professional digital photography applications, with very low dark current and a linear dynamic range of over 12 true bits at room temperature. The four low-noise output amplifiers , one at each corner of the chip, make the FTF3020-C suitable for a wide range of high­end visual light applications. With one output amplifier , a progressiv ely scanned image can be read out at 5 frames per second. By using multiple outputs the frame rate increases accordingly. The device structure is shown in figure 1.
Z Y
GBGB RGRG GBGB
Image Area
20
3072 active pixels
6 black lines
2048 active lines
GBGB RGRG GBGB
2060 lines
44
20
W X
Output amplifier
Figure 1 - Device structure
1999 November 2
GBGB RGRG
77
3120 cells
Output register
3134 cells
6 black lines
GBGB RGRG
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Architecture of the FTF3020-C

The optical centres of all pixels in the image section form a square grid. The charge is generated and integrated in this section. Output registers are located below and above the image section for read­out. After the integration time, the image charge is shifted one line at the time to either the upper or lower register or to both simultaneously, depending on the read-out mode. The left and the right half of each register can be controlled independently. This
IMAGE SECTION
Image diagonal (active video only) Aspect ratio Active image width x height Pixel width x height Geometric fill factor Image clock pins Capacity of each clock phase Number of active lines Number of black reference lines Number of dummy black lines Total number of lines Number of active pixels per line Number of overscan (timing) pixels per line Number of black reference pixels per line Total number of pixels per line
44.30 mm 3:2
36.864 x 24.576 mm 12x12 µm 80% 16 pins (A1..A4)
7.5nF per pin 2048 4 (=2x2) 8 (=2x4) 2060 3072 8 (2x4) 40 (2x20) 3120
enables either single or multiple read-out. During vertical transport, the C3 gates separate the pixels in the register . The central C3 gates of the lower and upper registers are part of the left half of the sensor (W and Z quadrants respectively). Each register can be used for vertical binning. Each register contains a summing gate at both ends that can be used for horizontal binning (see figure 2).
2
2
Output buffers on each corner Number of registers Number of dummy cells per register Number of register cells per register Output register horizontal transport clock pins Capacity of each C-clock phase Overlap capacity between neighbouring C-clocks Output register Summing Gates Capacity of each SG Reset Gate clock phases Capacity of each RG
OUTPUT REGISTERS
Three-stage source follower 2 14 (2x7) 3134 (3120+14) 6 pins per register (C1..C3) 200 pF per pin 40pF 4 pins (SG) 15pF 4 pins (RG) 15pF
1999 November 3
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C
RGRG
OG
C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3C3 C3
7 dummy pixels
RD
OUT_Z
One Pixel
SG: summing gate OG: output gate RG: reset gate
RD: reset drain
OUT_W
OG C1 OG
RG
RD
C3 C3 C3C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3 C3
SG
20 black &4 timing
columns
C1C1SG C2 C2 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C2C1 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 SG OGC1 C3
A1 A1
A2 A3 A4
A1
A1 A2 A3 A4
A1
A2 A3 A4
A1
A1 A2 A3A3 A4
A1
A2 A3 A4
A1
A1 A2 A3 A4
C1C1C2 C2 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2C1
6 black lines
2K active images lines
6 black lines
C2 C1 C2 C1 C2 C2C1 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1 C2
column
1
column
24 + 1
3K image
pixels
IMAGE
3K x 2K FF CCD
C3
column
24 + 3K
20 black & 4 timing
columns
column
24 +3K +24
7 dummy pixels
A2 A3 A4
A1
A1 A2 A3 A4
A1
A2 A3 A4
A1
A1 A2 A3 A4
A1
A2 A3 A4
A1
A1A1 A2 A3 A4
A1A1
A1, A2, A3, A4: clocks of image section C1, C2, C3: clocks of hor izontal registers
C1 SG
RD
OUT_Y
OUT_X
RD
RG
RG
Figure 2 - Detailed internal structure
1999 November 4
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Specifications

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
GENERAL: storage temperature ambient temperature during operation voltage between any two gates DC current through any clock phase (absolute value) OUT current (no short circuit protection)
VOLTAGES IN RELAT ION TO VPS: VNS, SFD, RD VCS, SFS all other pins
VOLTAGES IN RELAT ION TO VNS: SFD, RD VCS, SFS, VPS all other pins
2
VNS VPS SFD SFS VCS OG RD
3
N substrate P substrate Source Follower Drain Source Follower Source Current Source Output Gate Reset Drain
DC CONDITIONS
1
MIN. MAX. UNIT
-55
-40
-20
-0.2 0
-0.5
-8
-5
-15
-30
-30
+80 +60 +20 +2.0 10
+30 +5 +25
+0.5 +0.5 +0.5
°C °C V µA mA
V V V
V V V
MIN. [V] TYPICAL [V] MAX. [V] MAX. [mA]
18 1 16 0
-5 4 13
24 3 20 0 0
6.5
15.5
28 7 24 0 3 8 18
15 15
4.5 1
-
-
-
AC CLOCK LEVEL CONDITIONS
2
MIN. TYPICAL MAX. UNIT
IMAGE CLOCKS: A-clock amplitude during integration and hold A-clock amplitude during vertical trans port (duty cycle=5/8) A-clock low level Charge Reset (CR) level on A-clock
5
4
8 10
-5
10 14 0
-5
V V V V
OUTPUT REGISTER CLOCKS: C-clock amplitude (duty cycle during hor. trans port = 3/6) C-clock low level Summing Gate (SG) amplitude Summing Gate (SG) low level
4.75 2
5
3.5 10
3.5
5.25 10
V V V V
OTHER CLOCKS: Reset Gate (RG) amplitude Reset Gate (RG) low level Charge Reset (CR) pulse on Nsub
1
During Charge Reset it is allowed to exceed maximum rating levels (see note 5).
2
All voltages in relation to SFS.
3
To set the VNS voltage for optimal Ver tical Anti-Blooming (VAB), it should be adjustable between minimum and maximum values.
4
Three-level cloc k is preferred for maximum charge; the swing during vertical transport should be 4V higher than the voltage during integration.
A two level clock (typically 10V) can be used if a lower maximum charge handling capacity is allowed.
5
Charge Reset can be achieved in two ways:
5
5 0
10 3 10
10 10
V V V
• The typical A-clock low level is applied to all image clocks; for proper CR, an additional Charge Reset pulse on VNS is required (preferred).
• The typical CR level is applied to all image clocks simultaneously.
1999 November 5
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Timing diagrams (for default operation)

AC CHARACTERISTICS MIN. TYPICAL MAX. UNIT
Horizontal frequency (1/Tp) Vertical frequency Charge Reset (CR) time Rise and fall times: image clocks (A)
1
Tp = 1 clock period
2
Duty cycle = 50% and phase shift of the C clocks is 120 degrees.
1
register clocks (C) summing gate (SG) reset gate (RG)
18 50
10
2
10 3 3 3
193.7 20 5 5 5
36 100
1/6 Tp 1/6 Tp 1/6 Tp
MHz kHz µs ns ns ns ns
Frame Timing
Sensor Output
SSC
A1
A2, A3, A4
CR
Ahigh
VD
BLC
EXT. SHUTTER
H L H L H L H L H
*
L H L H L H L
Line Timing
SSC
A1
A2
A3
A4
CR
AHigh
VD
BLC
H
L H L H L H L H L H L H
*
L H L H L
Tp30
20472046 2048
Tp20
BlackDummy
D
Tp66
Tp112
BBD123
BBBB BBBB
Integration Time
Tp360
Tp138
Tp204
Tp230
Tp138
Tp138
Tp360
Tp396
Pixel Timing
SSC
C1
C2
C3
SG
RG
Tp = 1 / 18MHz = 55.56ns Pixel output sequence: 7 dummy, 20 black, 4 timing, 3072 active, 4 timing, 20 black Line Time: 3487 x Tp = 193.7µs * During AHigh = H the phiA high level is increased from 10V to 14V (This is necessary during readout only)
VD: Frame pulse CR: Charge Reset BLC: Black Level Clamp A1 to A4: Vertical image clocks
1999 November 6
H L H L H L H L H L H L
1Tp
Figure 3 - Timing diagrams
3127 pixels
Tp / 6
C1 to C3: Horizontal register clocks SSC: Start-Stop C-clocks SG: Summing gate RG: Reset gate
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C
Line timing
SSC
A1
A2
A3
Pixel timing
A4
—> time
Y / Div.: 10V (A1, A2, A3, A 4); 5V (SSC)
Figure 4 - Vertical readout
C1
C2
C3
SG
RG
Y / Div. : 5V (C1, C2, C3); 10V (SG, RG)
Figure 5 - Start horizontal readout
1999 November 7
—> time
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Performance

The test conditions for the perfo rmance characteristics are as follows:
• All values are measured using typical operating conditions.
• VNS is adjusted as low as possible while maintaining proper Ver tical Anti-Blooming.
• Sensor temperature = 60°C (333K).
• Horizontal transport frequency = 18MHz.
• Integration time = 10ms (unless specified otherwise).
• The light source is a lamp of 3200K in conjunction with neutral density filters and a 1.7mm thick BG40 infrared cut-off filter. For Linear Operation measurements, a temperature conversion filter (Melles Griot type no. 03FCG261, -120 mired, thickness: 2.5mm) is applied.
• Vertical transport frequency = 50kHz (unless specified otherwise).
LINEAR OPERATION MIN. TYPICAL MAX. UNIT
Linear dynamic range
1
Charge Transfer Efficiency 2 vertical Charge Transfer Efficiency
2
horizontal Image lag Resolution (MTF) @ 42 lp/mm Responsivity Quantum efficiency @ 530 nm Low Pass Shading Random Non-Uniformity (RNU)
3
4
VNS required for good Vertical Anti-Blooming (VAB) Power dissipation at 2.5 frames/s
1
Linear dynamic range is defined as the ratio of Q
2
Charge Transfer Efficiency values are tested by evaluation and expressed as the value per gate transfer.
3
Low Pass Shading is defined as the ratio of the one-σ value of an 8x8 pixels blurred image (low-pass) to the mean signal value.
4
RNU is defined as the ratio of the one-σ value of the highpass image to the mean signal value at nominal light.
to read-out noise (the latter reduced by Correlated Double Sampling).
lin
4200:1(12bit)
65 60 20
18
0.999995
0.999999
70 26
2.0
0.3 24 610
0
5 5 28
% % kel/lux·s % % % V mW
Linear Dynamic Range
14,000
35°C
45°C
55°C
LDR
12,000 10,000
8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Hor. Frequency (MHz)
Figure 6 - Typical Linear dynamic range vs. horizontal read-out frequency and sensor temperature
1999 November 8
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C
Maximum Read-out Speed
20 18 16 14 12 10
8
Images/sec.
6 4 2 0
0 102030405060708090100
4 outputs
2 outputs
1 output
Integration time (ms)
Figure 7 - Maximum number of images/second versus integration time
Quantum Efficiency
25
R
20
G
15
B
10
Quantum efficiency (%)
5
0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700
Wavelength (nm)
Figure 8 - Quantum efficiency versus wavelength
1999 November 9
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C
LINEAR/SATURATION MIN. TYPICAL MAX. UNIT
Full-well capacity saturation level (Qmax ) Full-well capacity shading (Qmax, shading ) Full-well capacity linear operation (Qlin ) Charge handling capacity
4
1
2
3
Overexposure 5 handling
1
Qmax is determined from the lowpass filtered image.
2
Qmax, shading is the maximum difference of the full-well charges of all pixels, relative to Qmax.
3
The linear full-well capacity Qlin is calculated from linearity test (see dynamic range). The evaluation test guarantees 97% linearity.
4
Charge handling capacity is the largest charge packet that can be transported through the register and read-out through the output buffer.
5
Overexposure over entire area while maintaining good Ver tical Anti-Blooming (VAB). It is tested by measuring the dar k line.
240
180
500 10 350 600 200
600 50
kel. % kel. kel. x Qmax level
Charge Handling vs. Integration/Transport Volta ge
600
10V/14V
500
400
9V/13V
Output Signal (kel.)
300
200
100
8V/12V
0
123456
Exposure (arbitrary units)
Figure 9 - Charge handling versus integration/transport voltage
1999 November 10
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C
OUTPUT BUFFERS MIN. TYPICAL MAX. UNIT
Conversion factor Mutual conversion factor matching (∆ACF)
1
Supply current Bandwidth Output impedance buffer (R
1
Matching of the four outputs is specified as ACF with respect to reference measured at the operating point (Q
= 3.3k, C
load
= 2pF)
load
57.5 0
4.5 110 400
DARK CONDITION MIN. TYPICAL MAX. UNIT
Dark current level @ 30° C Dark current level @ 60° C Fixed Pattern Noise
1
(FPN) @ 60° C
RMS readout noise @ 9MHz bandwidth after CDS
1
FPN is the one-σ value of the highpass image.
20
0.3 15 25
10 2
30
0.6 25 30
µV/el. µV/el. mA MHz
/2).
lin
2
pA/cm
2
nA/cm el. el.
1000
)
2
100
10
Dark Current (pA/cm
1
0 102030405060
Dark Current
Temp. (oC)
Figure 10 - Dark current versus temperature
1999 November 11
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Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Application information

Current handling
One of the purposes of VPS is to drain the holes that are generated during exposure of the sensor to light. Free electrons are either transported to the VRD connection and, if excessive (from over­exposure), free electrons are drained to VNS. No current should flow into any VPS connection of the sensor . During high ov erexposure a total current 10 to 15mA through all VPS connections together may be expected. The PNP emitter follower in the circuit diagram (figure 11) serves these current requirements.
VNS drains superfluous electrons as a result of overexposure. In other words, it only sinks current. During high overexposure a total current of 10 to 15mA through all VNS connections together ma y be expected. The NPN emitter follower in the circuit diagram meets these current requirements. The clamp circuit, consisting of the diode and electrolytic capacitor, enables the addition of a Charge Reset (CR) pulse on top of an otherwise stable VNS v oltage . To protect the CCD, the current resulting from this pulse should be limited. This can be accomplished by designing a pulse generator with a rather high output impedance.
Decoupling of DC voltages
All DC voltages (not VNS, which has additional CR pulses as described above) should be decoupled with a 100nF decoupling capacitor. This capacitor must be mounted as close as possible to the sensor pin. Further noise reduction (by bandwidth limiting) is achieved by the resistors in the connections between the sensor and its voltage supplies. The electrons that build up the charge packets that will reach the floating diffusions only add up to a small current, which will flow through VRD . Theref ore a large series resistor in the VRD connection may be used.
Outputs
T o limit the on-chip po wer dissipation, the output buff ers are designed with open source outputs. Outputs to be used should therefore be loaded with a current source or more simply with a resistance to GND. In order to prevent the output (which typically has an output impedance of about 400) from bandwidth limitation as a result of capacitive loading, load the output with an emitter follo wer b uilt from a high-frequency transistor. Mount the base of this transistor as close as possible to the sensor and keep the connection between the emitter and the next stage short. The CCD output buffer can easily be destroyed by ESD. By using this emitter follower, this danger is suppressed; do NOT reintroduce this danger by measuring directly
on the output pin of the sensor with an oscilloscope probe. Instead, measure on the output of the emitter follower. Slew rate limitation is avoided by avoiding a too-small quiescent current in the emitter follower; about 10mA should do the job. The collector of the emitter follower should be decoupled properly to suppress the Miller effect from the base-collector capacitance. A CCD output load resistor of 3.3k typically results in a bandwidth of 110MHz. The bandwidth can be enlarged to about 130MHz by using a resistor of 2.2k instead, which, however, also enlarges the on-chip power dissipation.
Device protection
The output buffers of the FTF3020-C are likely to be damaged if VPS rises above SFD or RD at any time. This danger is most realistic during power-on or power-off of the camera. The RD voltage should always be lower than the SFD voltage.
Never exceed the maximum output current. This may damage the device permanently. The maximum output current should be limited to 10mA. Be especially aware that the output buffers of these image sensors are very sensitive to ESD damage.
Because of the fact that our CCDs are built on an n-type substrate, we are dealing with some parasitic npn transistors. To avoid activ ation of these transistors during switch-on and switch-off of the camera, we recommend the application diagram of figure 11.
Unused sections
To reduce power consumption the following steps can be taken. Connect unused output register pins (C1...C3, SG, OG) and unused SFS pins to zero Volts.
Colour processing
In order to guarantee true colours, always use an external IR filter type CM500(0)s, 1mm or similar. The cover glass itself is not an IR filter.
More information
Detailed application information is provided in the application note AN01 entitled ‘Camera Electronics for the mK x nK CCD Image Sensor Family’.
1999 November 12
Page 13
Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Device Handling

An image sensor is a MOS device which can be destroy ed by electro­static discharge (ESD). Therefore, the device should be handled with care.
Always store the de vice with short-circuiting clamps or on conductive foam. Alwa ys s witch off all electric signals when inserting or removing the sensor into or from a camera (the ESD protection in the CCD image sensor process is less effective than the ESD protection of standard CMOS circuits).
Being a high quality optical device, it is important that the cover glass remain undamaged. When handling the sensor , use fingercots.
VSFD
CR pulse
0
27
BAT74 Schottky!
15 BAT74 Schottky!
10k
100nF
-
+
BAT74
BAT74
BC 850C
0.5-1mA
BC 850C
0.5-1mA
0.5-1mA
BC 860C
1uF 100nF
2mA
100nF
100nF
When cleaning the glass we recommend using ethanol (or possibly water). Use of other liquids is strongly discouraged:
• if the cleaning liquid evaporates too quickly, rubbing is likely to cause ESD damage.
• the cover glass and its coating can be damaged by other liquids.
Rub the window carefully and slowly. Dry rubbing of the window may cause electro-static charges or
scratches which can destroy the device.
keep short
VNS
SFD
VPS
VRD
<10mm! keep short!
10k
BFR 92A
output for preprocessing
10mA
OUT
VCS
VOG
100 Ω
3.3k
100nF
10k
100nF
100nF
1k
<7pF!
Figure 11 - Application diagram to protect the FTF3020-C
1999 November 13
Page 14
Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Pin configuration

The FTF3020-C is mounted in a Pin Grid Array (PGA) package with 96 pins in a 20x15 grid of 52.70 x 40.00 mm2. The position of pin A1 (quadrant W) is marked with a gold dot on top of the package.
Symbol Name Pin # W Pin # X Pin # Y Pin # Z
VNS VNS VNS VNS VPS SFD SFS VCS OG RD A1 A2 A3 A4 C1 C2 C3 SG RG OUT NC NC NC NC
N substrate N substrate N substrate N substrate P substrate Source Follower Drain Source Follower Source Current Source Output Gate Reset Drain Image Clock (Phase 1) Image Clock (Phase 2) Image Clock (Phase 3) Image Clock (Phase 4) Register Clock (Phase 1) Register Clock (Phase 2) Register Clock (Phase 3) Summing Gate Reset Gate Output Not Connected Not Connected Not Connected Not Connected
The image clock phases of quadrant W are internally connected to X, and Y is connected to Z.
A1 A5 C2 G1 A2 B2 D2 C1 B3 D1 B5 A3 A4 B4
F2
F1 G2 E1 E2 B1
I1
I2 H1 H2
U1 U5 S2 M1 U2 T2 R2 S1 T3 R1 T5 U3 U4 T4 N2 N1 M2 P1 P2 T1 K1 K2
L1 L2
U10
U6 S9
M10
U9 T9 R9
S10
T8
R10
T6 U8 U7 T7 N9
N10
M9
E10
P9 T10 K10
K9
L10
L9
A10
A6 C9
G10
A9 B9 D9
C10
B8
D10
B6 A8 A7 B7 F9
F10
G9
P10
E9
B10
I10
I9
H10
H9
ABCDEFGHJ
10
9 8 7 6
5 4 3 2 1
Figure 12 - FTF3020-C pin configuration (top view)
TOP
Z
W
FTF3020-C
KLMNPRSTU
Y X
1999 November 14
Page 15
Full Frame CCD Image Sensor FTF3020-C

Pack age inf ormation

Top cover glass to top chip 2.4 ±0.25
Chip - bottom package 1.7 ±0.15
INDEX
MARK
PIN 1
SENSOR CRYSTAL
COVER GLASS
±
0.15
26.35
52.7
A
±
0.53
EPOXY GLUE
TOP VIEW
0.15
±
20
0.15
±
1.27
Chip - cover glass 1.3 ±0.20
Cover glass 1.0 ±0.05
Image sensor chip
1.4 / 100
0.40
±
40
COVER GLASS
0.15
±
4.57
STAND-OFF PIN
(2.54)
0.46
BOTTOM VIEW
±
48.26
Figure 13 - Mechanical drawing of the PGA package of the FTF3020-C
1999 November 15
0.27
±
0.05
0.20
±
35.56
A is the center of the image area. Position of A:
26.35 ± 0.15 to left edge of package
20.00 ± 0.15 to upper edge of package
1.7 ± 0.15 to bottom of package Angle of rotation: less than ± 1°
Sensor flatness: < 20 µm (P-V) Cover glass: Cor ning 7059
Thickness of cover glass: 1 ± 0.05 Refractive index: nd = 1.53 Double sided AR coating < 1% (430-660 nm) reflection
All drawing units are in mm
Page 16

Order codes

The sensors can be ordered using the following codes:
FTF3020-C sensors
Description Quality Grade Order Code
FTF3020-C/TG FTF3020-C/EG FTF3020-C/IG FTF3020-C/HG
You can contact the Image Sensors division of Philips Semiconductors at the following address:
Philips Semiconductors Image Sensors Internal Postbox WAG-05 Prof. Holstlaan 4 5656 AA Eindhoven The Netherlands
phone +31 - 40 - 27 44 400 fax +31 - 40 - 27 44 090
www.semiconductors.philips.com/imagers/
Test grade Economy grade Industrial grade High grade
9922 157 37431 9922 157 37451 9922 157 37421 9922 157 37411
Philips Semiconductors
Philips reserves the right to change any information contained herein without notice. All information furnished by Philips is believed to be accurate. © Philips Electronics N.V. 1999
9922 157 37411
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